1.
Passaic, New Jersey
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Passaic is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Passaic is the tenth most densely populated municipality in the entire United States with 22, located north of Newark on the Passaic River, it was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders, as Acquackanonk Township. The city and river draw their name from the Lenape word pahsayèk which has variously attributed to mean valley or place where the land splits. The city originated from a Dutch settlement on the Passaic River established in 1679 which was called Acquackanonk, industrial growth began in the 19th century, as Passaic became a textile and metalworking center. Passaic was formed within Acquackanonk Township on March 10,1869, Passaic was chartered as a city on April 2,1873. The 1926 Passaic Textile Strike led by union organizer Albert Weisbord saw 36,000 mill workers leave their jobs to oppose wage cuts demanded by the textile industry, the workers successfully fought to keep their wages unchanged but did not receive recognition of their union by the mill owners. Passaic has been called The Birthplace of Television, in 1931, experimental television station W2XCD began transmitting from DeForest Radio Corporation in Passaic. It has been called the first television station to transmit to the home, Passaic is served by two newspapers, The Record and Herald News. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 3.244 square miles. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Davis Bridge, Passaics only land border is with neighboring Clifton, which borders Passaic to the north, south, and west. The Passaic River, which flows to the east of Passaic, provides the city with four additional borders across the water in Bergen County, East Rutherford, Garfield, Rutherford and Wallington. Passaic and Wallington are connected by four bridges, while the city connects with Garfield at two bridges and Rutherford at the Union Avenue Bridge, which is located on New Jersey Route 21, Passaic is located 10 miles from New York City, and 12 miles from Newark Airport. Passaic has several business districts, Main Avenue begins in Passaic Park, broadway runs east–west through the center of the city, ending at Main Avenue in downtown. Main Street has many shops, restaurants and businesses reflecting the citys Latino, the city is home to several architecturally notable churches, including St. Johns Lutheran Church, First Presbyterian of Passaic, and St. Johns Episcopal Church. Southwest Passaic is a residential and institutional center of Orthodox Judaism, with 25-30 minyanim on Shabbos, home to numerous yeshivas, schools and other institutions, there are also many kosher food and shopping establishments. Passaic Park takes its name from Third Ward Park and this area is also noted for its large mansions and homes of various architectural styles, especially Victorian and Tudor. Several condominium and cooperative apartment complexes are located here including, Carlton Tower, Presidential Towers. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Passaic has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps
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New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
3.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
4.
Beth Howland
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Elizabeth Beth Howland was an American actress. She worked on stage and television and was best known for playing Vera Gorman in the sitcom Alice, Howland also originated the role of Amy in the original Broadway cast of Stephen Sondheims Company, in which she introduced the patter song Getting Married Today. Howland was born on May 28,1941, in Boston, at the age of 16, she left home and followed a dancer friend to New York City. After a time of struggling, Howland made her Broadway debut in 1959 as Lady Beth in the Carol Burnett musical Once Upon a Mattress and she went on to have roles in the musicals Bye Bye Birdie, High Spirits, Drat. The Cat. and Darling of the Day, Howland can be seen dancing and singing in the chorus of Lil Abner as Clems wife, alongside future television star Valerie Harper. For her work on Alice, Howland received four Golden Globe nominations and she later took on numerous telefilm roles, including You Cant Take It with You and Agatha Christies, A Caribbean Mystery. She remained on Alice throughout its nine seasons, after the show ended in 1985, Howland went into semi-retirement. She made occasional guest appearances and starred in the ABC Afterschool Special titled Terrible Things My Mother Told Me, from 1961–69, Howland was married to character actor Michael J. Pollard, with whom she had a daughter. She was married to actor Charles Kimbrough, an actor of Broadway and Murphy Brown fame, Kimbrough and Howland had appeared together in Company. Howland died of cancer on December 31,2015, at the age of 74. Per her request, her death was not reported to the media and was not made public until May 24,2016, Beth Howland at the Internet Movie Database Beth Howland at the Internet Broadway Database Beth Howland profile Beth Howland at Find a Grave Beth Howland
5.
Polish Americans
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Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry. There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans, representing about 3% of the U. S. population, Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States, second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall. The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleighs failed Roanoke Colony in 1585, in 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen. Two early immigrants, Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes, overall, more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many immigrants were classified as Russian, German, and Austrian by the U. S. Complicating the U. S, the Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million. Some Jews from Poland even assimilated into cities which were Polish bastions in order to conceal their Jewish identities, from 1870 to 1914, Poles and Polish subjects formed a significant part of the wave of immigration from Germany, Imperial Russia, and Austria Hungary. The main Ethnically-Polish-American organizations were founded because of high Polish interest in the Catholic church, parochial schools, since 1914, the United States has seen a small amount of emigration from Poland, and the coming of age of numerous generations of fully assimilated Polish Americans. The income levels have gone up from well below average, to above average, outside of Republican and Democratic politics, politics such as those of Agudath Israel of America, a branch of Poalei Agudat Yisrael, have heavily involved Polish-Jewish Americans. Lopata argues that Poles differed from most ethnics in America, in several ways, first, they did not plan to remain permanently and become Americanized. Instead, they came temporarily, to money, invest. Their intention was to ensure for themselves a desirable social status in the old world, however, many of the temporary migrants had decided to become permanent Americans. Many found manual labor jobs in the mines of Pennsylvania and the heavy industries, of the Great Lakes cities of Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Cleveland. The U. S. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. In the 2011 United States Census Bureaus Population Estimates, there are between 9,365,239 and 9,530,571 Americans of Polish descent, historically, Polish-Americans have assimilated very quickly to American society. Between 1940 and 1960, only 20 percent of the children of Polish-American ethnic leaders spoke Polish regularly, in the early 1960s,3,000 of Detroits 300,000 Polish-Americans changed their names each year. Language proficiency in Polish is rare in Polish-Americans, as 91. 3% speak English only. In 1979, the 8 million respondents of Polish ancestry reported that only 41.5 percent had single ancestry, whereas 57. 3% of Greeks, 52% of Italians and Sicilians, and 44% of Ukrainians had done so. By educational attainment, the U. S. Census estimates that 37. 6% have bachelors degrees or higher, the median household income for those of Russian ancestry has been reported as higher on the U. S. Census, at $70,310
6.
Bonnie and Clyde (film)
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Bonnie and Clyde is a 1967 American biographical crime film directed by Arthur Penn and starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway as the title characters Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. The film features Michael J. Pollard, Gene Hackman, and Estelle Parsons, with Denver Pyle, Dub Taylor, Gene Wilder, Evans Evans, the screenplay was written by David Newman and Robert Benton. Robert Towne and Beatty provided uncredited contributions to the script, Beatty also produced the film, the soundtrack was composed by Charles Strouse. Bonnie and Clyde is considered a film, and is regarded as one of the first films of the New Hollywood era. For some members of the counterculture, the film was considered to be a rallying cry and its success prompted other filmmakers to be more open in presenting sex and violence in their films. The films ending also became iconic as one of the bloodiest death scenes in cinematic history, the film received Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Cinematography. It was among the first 100 films selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, in the middle of the Great Depression, Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker meet when Clyde tries to steal Bonnies mothers car. Bonnie, who is bored by her job as a waitress, is intrigued by Clyde and they pull off some holdups, but their amateur efforts, while exciting, are not very lucrative. The duos crime spree shifts into high gear once they hook up with a gas station attendant, C. W. Moss, then with Clydes older brother Buck and his wife, Blanche. Bonnie and Clyde turn from pulling small-time heists to robbing banks and their exploits also become more violent. When C. W. botches a robbery by parallel parking the getaway car. The gang is pursued by law enforcement, including Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, a raid later catches the outlaws off guard, mortally wounding Buck with a gruesome shot to his head and injuring Blanche. Bonnie, Clyde and C. W. barely escape with their lives, with Blanche sightless and in police custody, Hamer tricks her into revealing C. W. s name, who was up until now still only an unidentified suspect. Hamer locates Bonnie, Clyde and C. W. hiding at the house of C. W. s father Ivan Moss, the elder Moss strikes a bargain with Hamer, in exchange for leniency for the boy, he helps set a trap for the outlaws. When Bonnie and Clyde stop on the side of the road to help Mr. Moss fix a flat tire, Hamer and his posse then come out of hiding, looking pensively at the couples bodies. Warren Beatty as Clyde Barrow Faye Dunaway as Bonnie Parker Michael J. Pollard as C. W and his girlfriend Velma Davis was played by Evans Evans, who was the wife of film director John Frankenheimer. The family gathering scene was filmed in Red Oak, Texas, several local residents gathered to watch the film being shot. When the filmmakers noticed Mabel Cavitt, a school teacher, among the people gathered
7.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
8.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
9.
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
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Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock, which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965. It featured dramas, thrillers, and mysteries, by the time it premiered on October 2,1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. Time magazine named it one of The 100 Best TV Shows of all time, the Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Pythons Flying Circus, Star Trek, The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. A series of anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series. Alfred Hitchcock Presents is well known for its title sequence, the camera fades in on a simple line-drawing caricature of Hitchcocks rotund profile. He then almost always says Good evening, the caricature drawing, which Hitchcock created, and the use of Gounods Funeral March of a Marionette as theme music have become indelibly associated with Hitchcock in popular culture. At least two versions of the opening were shot for every episode, a version intended for the American audience would often spoof a recent popular commercial or poke fun at the sponsor, leading into the commercial. An alternative version for European audiences would instead include jokes at the expense of Americans in general, for later seasons, opening remarks were also filmed with Hitchcock speaking in French and German for the shows international presentations. Hitchcock closed the show in much the way as it opened. He told TV Guide that his reassurances that the criminal had been apprehended were a necessary gesture to morality, Alfred Hitchcock Presents finished at #6 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1956–57 season, and at #12 in 1957–58, #24 in 1958–59 and #25 in 1959–60. Originally 25 minutes per episode, the series was expanded to 50 minutes in 1962, Hitchcock directed 17 of the 267 filmed episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents and one of the 50-minute episodes, I Saw the Whole Thing with John Forsythe. The last new episode aired on June 26,1965, in 1985, NBC aired a new TV movie pilot based upon the series, combining four newly filmed stories with colorized footage of Hitchcock from the original series to introduce each segment. The movie was a ratings success. Alfred Hitchcock Presents revival series debuted in the fall of 1985 and retained the format as the pilot. The new series lasted one season before NBC cancelled it. Other notable directors included Robert Altman, Ida Lupino, Stuart Rosenberg, Robert Stevenson, David Swift and William Friedkin, who ended up directing what would be the last episode. Alfred Hitchcock Presents,25 minutes long, aired weekly at 9,30 on CBS on Sunday nights from 1955 to 1960, and then at 8,30 on NBC on Tuesday nights from 1960 to 1962. It was followed by The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, which lasted for three seasons, September 1962 to June 1965, adding another 93 episodes to the 268 already produced for Alfred Hitchcock Presents
10.
William Saroyan
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William Saroyan was an American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, an Armenian American, Saroyan wrote extensively about the Armenian immigrant life in California. Many of his stories and plays are set in his native Fresno, some of his best-known works are The Time of Your Life, My Name Is Aram and My Hearts in the Highlands. Fry suggests that he takes his place naturally alongside Hemingway, Steinbeck, William Saroyan was born on August 31,1908 in Fresno, California, to Armenak and Taguhi Saroyan, Armenian immigrants from Bitlis, Ottoman Empire. His father came to New York in 1905 and started preaching in Armenian Apostolic churches, at the age of three, after his fathers death, Saroyan, along with his brother and sister, was placed in an orphanage in Oakland, California. He later went on to describe his experience in the orphanage in his writings, five years later, the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takoohi, had already secured work at a cannery. He continued his education on his own, supporting himself with jobs, Saroyan decided to become a writer after his mother showed him some of his fathers writings. A few of his short articles were published in Overland Monthly. His first stories appeared in the 1930s, among these was The Broken Wheel, written under the name Sirak Goryan and published in the Armenian journal Hairenik in 1933. Many of Saroyans stories were based on his experiences among the Armenian-American fruit growers of the San Joaquin Valley or dealt with the rootlessness of the immigrant. The short story collection My Name is Aram, a bestseller, was about a young boy. It has been translated into many languages, as a writer, Saroyan made his breakthrough in Story magazine with The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, the title taken from the nineteenth century song of the same title. The protagonist is a young, starving writer who tries to survive in a Depression-ridden society, through the air on the flying trapeze, his mind hummed. A trapeze to God, or to nothing, a trapeze to some sort of eternity. This character resembles the penniless writer in Knut Hamsuns 1890 novel Hunger, Saroyan served in the US Army during World War II. He was stationed in Astoria, Queens, spending much of his time at the Lombardy Hotel in Manhattan, in 1942, he was posted to London as part of a film unit. He narrowly avoided a court martial when his novel, The Adventures of Wesley Jackson, was seen as advocating pacifism, Saroyan worked rapidly, hardly editing his text, and drinking and gambling away much of his earnings. From 1958 on, he resided in a Paris apartment
11.
The Human Comedy (novel)
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The Human Comedy is a novel by William Saroyan. The story of The Human Comedy, and the characters Homer and Ulysses in particular, is based on Saroyans life, living fatherless with his siblings, Ithaca, California is based on the real town of Fresno, Saroyans home-town. The book also has references to Homers Odyssey. Homer is both the name of the author of the Odyssey and the character in this novel. Homers young brothers name, Ulysses, is the Roman form of the name Odysseus, the theme of both of the books is going home. Ithaca is both Homers and Ulysses home-town in the novel and Odysseus home-island in the Odyssey, Helen Eliot, referring to Helen of Troy, is used as the girl that Homer is in love with. It takes place during World War II, the original film was released in 1943. A second version, entitled Ithaca, was directed by Meg Ryan, filming began in Richmond, Virginia and Petersburg, Virginia in July 2014. The book was adapted by S. Lee Pogostin for television in 1959 with narration by Burgess Meredith, the television adaption starred Michael J. Pollard. Dell paperbacks released an edition of the novel in 1966. The revised edition is credited to William Saroyan, with several substantial edits that reduce the story to 192 pages
12.
Burgess Meredith
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Oliver Burgess Meredith was an American actor, director, producer, and writer in theater, film, and television. Active for more than six decades, Meredith has been called a virtuosic actor and one of the most accomplished actors of the century. A life member of the Actors Studio by invitation, he won several Emmys, was the first male actor to win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, and was nominated for two Academy Awards. He established himself as a man in Hollywood with critically acclaimed performances as George Milton in Of Mice and Men. Joe, and the narrator of A Walk in the Sun, Meredith was born in 1907 in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Ida Beth and Dr. William George Meredith, a Canadian-born physician, of English descent. Meredith graduated from Hoosac School in 1926 and then attended Amherst College and he later served in the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, reaching the rank of captain. He was discharged in 1944 to work on the movie The Story of G. I, Joe, in which he played the war correspondent Ernie Pyle. In 1929, he became a member of Eva Le Galliennes Civic Repertory Theatre company in New York City, although best known to the larger world audience for his film and television work, Meredith was an influential actor and director for the stage. He made his Broadway debut as Peter in Le Galliennes production of Romeo and Juliet and became a star in Maxwell Andersons Winterset and his early life and theatre work were the subject of a New Yorker profile. He garnered critical acclaim in the 1935 Broadway revival of The Barretts of Wimpole Street starring Katharine Cornell and she subsequently cast him in several of her later productions. Other Broadway roles included Van van Dorn in High Tor, Liliom in Liliom, Christy Mahon in The Playboy of the Western World and he created the role of Erie Smith in the English-language premiere of Eugene ONeills Hughie at the Theater Royal in Bath, England in 1963. He played Hamlet in avant garde theatrical and radio productions of the play, a distinguished theatre director, he won a Tony Award nomination for his 1974 Broadway staging of Ulysses in Nighttown, a theatrical adaptation of the Nighttown section of James Joyces Ulysses. Meredith also shared a Special Tony Award with James Thurber for their collaboration on A Thurber Carnival. I and he was featured in many 1940s films, including three — Second Chorus, Diary of a Chambermaid, and On Our Merry Way — co-starring then-wife Paulette Goddard. He was in Stay Away Joe, appearing as the father of Elvis Presleys character. In 1975, he received acclaim for his performance as Harry Greene in The Day of the Locust and received nominations for the BAFTA, Golden Globe. Meredith then played Rocky Balboas trainer, Mickey Goldmill, in the first three Rocky films, though his character died in the third Rocky film, he returned briefly in a flashback in the fifth film, Rocky V. His portrayal in the first film earned him his second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Meredith played an old Korean War veteran Captain J. G, williams in The Last Chase with Lee Majors
13.
David Hedison
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Albert David Hedison, Jr. is an American film, television, and stage actor. He was billed as Al Hedison in his film work. In 1959, when he was cast in the role of Victor Sebastian in the espionage television series Five Fingers. He proposed that he use his name and he has been billed as David Hedison ever since. He is known for his role as Captain Lee Crane in Irwin Allens TV series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Hedison decided he wanted to be an actor after he saw Tyrone Power in the film Blood and Sand. Hedison enlisted in the United States Navy in 1945, but the war ended before he completed basic training and he served 18 months, then mustered out. His work on the New York stage includes the production of A Month in the Country, directed by Michael Redgrave. Hedison toured with Barbara Anderson and Anita Gillette in Neil Simons Chapter Two in 1979 and 1980 and he toured with Elizabeth Ashley in Come into My Parlour in 1988, and was in the world premiere run of Bernard Slades Return Engagements that same year. He appeared at the Cape Playhouse in 1998 in Alone Together with Anita Gillette and he also starred in the New York City premiere of First Love with Lois Nettleton in 1999. He returned to the Cape Playhouse to appear in Tale of the Allergists Wife, in 2006, he acted in The Scent of Jasmine at the Fountain Theatre in Los Angeles on November 13. In 2008 David performed Uncle Vanya at the Actors Studio West and he also participated in performances of The Cherry Orchard and I Never Sang for my Father in Los Angeles in 2009. David most recently appeared in The Marriage Play by Edward Albee, after his role in A Month in the Country, Hedison signed a film contract with 20th Century-Fox. His first movie with them was the war film The Enemy Below. He followed that up with the 1958 horror classic The Fly, other films in which he appeared include The Son of Robin Hood, The Lost World, Marines, Lets Go. The Greatest Story Ever Told, North Sea Hijack, and The Naked Face and he later appeared in Fugitive Mind in 1999, the 2001 movie Mach 2, Megiddo, The Omega Code 2 also in 2001 and the 2004 film Spectres. His most recent role was in 2005s The Reality Trap, Hedison was the first actor to play James Bonds ally Felix Leiter in more than one film, Live and Let Die and Licence to Kill. He then wrote an introduction to the James Bond comic The Paradise Plot that was released in the United States on July 8, David attended a screening of Licence to Kill at the historic Alex Theatre in Glendale, CA on April 2,2013. David was interviewed by George Pappy, Jr. for the documentary, The Green Girl, David attended a preview screening of this documentary in Santa Monica, March 15,2014
14.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
15.
Espionage
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Espionage is the obtaining of information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. Espionage can be committed by an individual or a spy ring, in the service of a government or a company, the practice is inherently clandestine, as it is by definition unwelcome and in many cases illegal and punishable by law. Espionage is a subset of intelligence gathering, which includes espionage as well as information gathering from public sources, Espionage is often part of an institutional effort by a government or commercial concern. However, the term is associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies primarily for military purposes. Spying involving corporations is known as industrial espionage, one of the most effective ways to gather data and information about the enemy is by infiltrating the enemys ranks. This is the job of the spy, Spies can bring back all sorts of information concerning the size and strength of enemy forces. They can also find dissidents within the forces and influence them to defect. In times of crisis, spies can also be used to steal technology, counterintelligence operatives can feed false information to enemy spies, protecting important domestic secrets, and preventing attempts at subversion. Nearly every country has strict laws concerning espionage, and the penalty for being caught is often severe. However, the benefits that can be gained through espionage are generally great enough that most governments, events involving espionage are well documented throughout history. The Old Testament of the Christian Bible, which is based primarily on the Hebrew Bible, speaks about Joshua and Caleb, the ancient writings of Chinese and Indian military strategists such as Sun-Tzu and Chanakya contain information on deception and subversion. Chanakyas student Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Maurya Empire in India, made use of assassinations, spies and secret agents, the ancient Egyptians had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence, and the Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab. Spies were also prevalent in the Greek and Roman empires, during the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe. Feudal Japan often used ninjas to gather intelligence, aztecs used Pochtecas, people in charge of commerce, as spies and diplomats, and had diplomatic immunity. Many modern espionage methods were established by Francis Walsingham in Elizabethan England, in 1585, Mary, Queen of Scots was placed in the custody of Sir Amias Paulet, who was instructed to open and read all of Marys clandestine correspondence. In a successful attempt to expose her, Walsingham arranged a single exception, Mary was misled into thinking these secret letters were secure, while in reality they were deciphered and read by Walsinghams agents. He succeeded in intercepting letters that indicated a conspiracy to displace Elizabeth I with Mary, in foreign intelligence, Walsinghams extensive network of intelligencers, who passed on general news as well as secrets, spanned Europe and the Mediterranean. While foreign intelligence was a part of the principal secretarys activities, Walsingham brought to it flair and ambition
16.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
17.
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
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The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from September 29,1959, to June 5,1963. Shulman also wrote a film adaptation of his Dobie Gillis stories for MGM in 1953. Dobie Gillis is significant as the first American television program produced for a network to feature teenagers as leading characters. In other series, such as Father Knows Best and Leave It to Beaver, an even earlier 1954 series, Meet Corliss Archer, featured teenagers in leading roles and aired in syndication. Dobie Gillis broke ground by depicting elements of the counterculture, particularly the Beat Generation, Series star Dwayne Hickman would later say that Dobie represented “the end of innocence of the 1950s before the oncoming 1960s revolution”. He did not have any of these qualities in abundance, also constantly in question, by Dobie and others, was Dobies future, as the boy proved to be a poor student and an aimless drifter. His partner-in-crime was American televisions first beatnik, Maynard G. Krebs, an enthusiastic fan of jazz music, Maynard plays the bongos, collects tinfoil and petrified frogs, and steers clear of romance, authority figures, and work. Always speaking with the vernacular and slang of the beatniks and jazz musicians he admired, Dobie Gillis is set in Central City, a fictitious city in the Midwestern United States. Dobies often apoplectic father, Herbert T. Gillis, whom no one called Herb, Dobies mother, Winifred, was a usually calm and serene woman who protected Dobie to the best of her ability. As a high-school student, Dobie lived at home with his parents in the early years. Winnie Gillis once made an equivalent comment about Zelda, who was being difficult, the Gillis family also originally included an older son, Davey Gillis, who made three appearances during the first season while home on break from college before being written out of the show. Dobies two main antagonists were rich kids Milton Armitage, who appeared in five episodes, and, after Beattys departure, Chatsworth Osborne, doris Packer played Clarissa Osborne, Chatsworths overbearing and snobbish mother. Dobie was hopelessly attracted to the beautiful, but unfailingly avaricious and acquisitive. Weld returned as a slightly chastened Thalia for a guest appearance in a later season, Zelda Gilroy was a brilliant and eager young girl, hopelessly in love with Dobie, much to his annoyance. Zelda did not find Dobie particularly attractive, but fell in love him because she found him helpless and needing of her care. Despite his protests, Dobie was clearly fond of Zelda, and Zelda claimed Dobie loved her but just had not realized it yet. To prove this, she would wrinkle her nose at Dobie, Dobie and Zelda would later appear as a middle-aged married couple in the two spin-off Dobie Gillis reunion projects of the 1970s/1980s. Leander Pomfritt was Dobies English and science teacher at Central High School, often finding himself frustrated with the less-than-studious team of Dobie and Maynard, Mr. Pomfritt nevertheless had concern for the boys and took time out to help them with their problems
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Maynard G. Krebs
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Maynard G. Krebs is the beatnik sidekick of the title character in the U. S. television sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, which aired on CBS from 1959 to 1963. The Krebs character, portrayed by actor Bob Denver, begins the series as a beatnik, with a goatee, hip language. His abhorrence of conventional forms is signified by comical reactions to three words, work, marriage, and police. For example, whenever the work is mentioned, even in passing, he yelps Work. He serves as a foil to the well-groomed, well-dressed, straight-laced Dobie, in one episode, he invites Dobie to accompany him to a double-feature of the film and its sequel, Son of the Monster that Devoured Cleveland. Maynard may be described as the prototype of the late-1960s hippie, Many of the later episodes center around Maynard, with Dobie more of an observer, but always as narrator. The series lasted four years, but its popularity extended into the 1990s and 2000s as channels like Nick at Nite, maynards middle name is Walter, named for his aunt. The G is silent, he would explain, in 1999, TV Guide ranked Maynard G. Krebs number 22 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list. Maynard G. Krebs became a figure in American popular culture. Later became Lurchs paging catchphrase on The Addams Family as well as its 1990s revival series. Krebs was also referenced in an episode of Family Guy, Tales Of A Third Grade Nothing, as an insult by an out-of-touch Frank Sinatra, Jr. towards a young DJ at a nightclub. The series inspired the creators of Scooby-Doo, whose four human characters were modeled from characters on the series, Krebs appeared in the novel Gilligans Wake, where Gilligan believed himself to be Krebs. Krebs is mentioned in a song called Cobwebs by the American singer-songwriter Loudon Wainwright III, in the song, Krebs is blamed for starting the vogue of using the word like
19.
Bob Denver
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Robert Osbourne Bob Denver was an American comedic actor. He is known for having portrayed Gilligan on the television series Gilligans Island, Denver was born January 9,1935, in New Rochelle, New York, and raised in Brownwood, Texas. He graduated from Loyola University in Los Angeles, California, with a degree in political science, while at Loyola, he acted in college productions and met fellow student Dwayne Hickman, with whom he later co-starred in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. After graduation, Denver coached physical education and taught mathematics and history at Corpus Christi School and he also worked as a mailman. Most of Denvers acting career was spent working in television, although he appeared in several films. Denver made his debut in 1957, playing a bit part in one episode of The Silent Service. He got the part, and left teaching the year to become a regular on the series. From 1959 to 1963, he appeared on the series as Maynard G. Krebs, Denver later reprised his Maynard G. Krebs role in the television sequels Whatever Happened to Dobie Gillis. and Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis. During his time on Dobie Gillis, Denver appeared on the NBC interview program, between the end of Dobie Gillis and the start of Gilligans Island, Denver appeared in an episode of The Farmers Daughter and in the final episode of The Danny Thomas Show. He also had a one-episode role replacing the actor who played Dudley A. Dud Wash and this was done by the network to promote Denvers face and make him more familiar to the viewing audience, since Gilligans Island was about to go on air. Following the cancellation of Dobie Gillis, Denver landed the role on the sitcom Gilligans Island. His role as the well-meaning but bumbling first mate among a group of shipwrecked castaways became the one for which he is most remembered. He also lent his voice to the animated series The New Adventures of Gilligan and its sequel Gilligans Planet. During the 1980s, he re-created the character of Gilligan for numerous appearances, including episodes of ALF, Meego and Baywatch. After Gilligans Island, Denver went on to star in other TV comedy series, including The Good Guys, Dustys Trail, four episodes of Dustys Trail were later combined to create a feature film, The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West. Denvers other TV roles included guest appearances on episodes of Love, American Style, The Love Boat. In 1983, he starred in the television pilot The Invisible Woman as the mad scientist uncle of the title character. Denvers first feature film appearance was in the farce, A Privates Affair
20.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
21.
Selective Service System
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The Selective Service System is an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription. A2010 GAO report estimated the rate at 92% with the names and addresses of over 16.2 million men on file. The Selective Service System provides the names of all registrants to the Joint Advertising Marketing Research & Studies program for inclusion in the JAMRS Consolidated Recruitment Database, the names are distributed to the Services for recruiting purposes on a quarterly basis. Regulations are codified at 32 C. F. R, owing to very slow enlistment following the U. S. The Act gave the President the power to men for military service. All men aged 21 to 30 were required to register for service for a service period of 12 months. As of mid-November 1917, all registrants were placed in one of five new classifications, Men in Class I were the first to be drafted, and men in lower classifications were deferred. Dependency deferments for registrants who were fathers or husbands were especially widespread, the age limit was later raised in August 1918 to a maximum age of 45. The military draft was discontinued in 1920, the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 was passed by the 76th United States Congress on September 16,1940, establishing the first peacetime conscription in United States history. It required all men between the ages of 18 to 64 to register with Selective Service and it originally conscripted all men aged 21 to 35 for a service period of 12 months. In 1941 the military service period was extended to 18 months, the Selective Service System created by the 1940 Act was terminated by the Act of March 31,1947. The Selective Service Act of 1948, enacted in June of that year, created a new and separate system, all men 18 years and older had to register with Selective Service. All men between the ages of 19 to 26 were eligible to be drafted for a requirement of 21 months. Conscripts could volunteer for service in the Regular Army for a term of four years or the Organized Reserves for a term of six years. Due to deep postwar budget cuts, only 100,000 conscripts were chosen in 1948, in 1950, the number of conscripts was greatly increased to meet the demands of the Korean War. The outbreak of the Korean War fostered the creation of the Universal Military Training and this lowered the draft age from 19 to 18 1⁄2, increased active-duty service time from 21 to 24 months, and set the statutory term of military service at a minimum of eight years. Students attending a college or training program full-time could request an exemption, a Universal Military Training clause was inserted that would have made all men obligated to perform 12 months of military service and training if the Act was amended by later legislation. Despite successive attempts over the several years, however, such legislation was never passed
22.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
23.
Bye Bye Birdie
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Bye Bye Birdie is a stage musical with a book by Michael Stewart, lyrics by Lee Adams and music by Charles Strouse. Originally titled Lets Go Steady, Bye Bye Birdie is set in 1958, the story was inspired by the phenomenon of popular singer Elvis Presley and his draft notice into the Army in 1957. The rock star characters name, Conrad Birdie, is play on the name of Conway Twitty. Twitty is best remembered today for his career as a country music star. The original 1960–1961 Broadway production was a Tony Award–winning success and it spawned a London production and several major revivals, a sequel, a 1963 film, and a 1995 television production. The show also became a choice for high school and college productions. The producer Edward Padula had the idea for a musical initially titled Lets Go Steady, Padula contracted with two writers, and Charles Strouse and Lee Adams wrote seven songs for their libretto. Padula, Strouse and Adams sought Gower Champion as director/choreographer, who until that time had choreographed only a few musicals, however, Champion did not like the book and the writers were fired, with Michael Stewart then hired. Stewart wrote a version titled Love and Kisses, which focused on a couple thinking of divorce. The something more had been there in the newspaper. After brainstorming, Stewart and Adams came up with the idea of a rock-and-roll singer going off to the army, agent and songwriter Albert Peterson finds himself in trouble when hip-thrusting rock and roll superstar Conrad Birdie is drafted into the Army. Alberts secretary and sweetheart, Rose Rosie Alvarez, comes up with a publicity stunt to have Conrad Birdie record. She makes Albert promise to give up the business and to start teaching English at schools. They plan to have Birdie sing Alberts new song One Last Kiss, the lucky girl chosen randomly from Conrads fan club is fifteen-year-old Kim MacAfee from Sweet Apple, Ohio. All the teenagers in Sweet Apple are catching up on the latest gossip about Kim MacAfee, Kim, excited to have a boyfriend, reflects on how happy she is with her maturity. She quits the Conrad Birdie fan club over the phone because of the new milestone happening in her life, meanwhile, Conrad, Albert, and Rose set off to Sweet Apple to prepare for the event. Albert advises her to be optimistic, soon, reporters arrive with questions for Conrad, but Rosie, Albert, and the girls answer for him, pushing away tabloids. Conrad receives a heros welcome in Sweet Apple, and Hugo worries that Kim likes Conrad more than she likes him, Conrad shocks the towns parents and drives the teenage girls crazy with his performance of Honestly Sincere, which causes all of the girls to faint
24.
Robert Young (actor)
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Born in Chicago, Young was the son of an Irish immigrant father, Thomas E. Young, and an American mother, Margaret Fife. When Young was young, the moved to different locations within the U. S. Seattle, followed by Los Angeles. After graduation, he studied and performed at the Pasadena Playhouse while working at odd jobs, while touring with a stock company producing The Ship, Young was discovered by a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer talent scout with whom he subsequently signed a contract. Young made his film debut for MGM in the 1931 Charlie Chan film. Young appeared in over 100 films between 1931 and 1952, yet, most of his assignments consisted of B movies, also known as programmers, which required two to three weeks of shooting. Actors who were relegated to such a hectic schedule appeared, as Young did, in 1936, MGM summarily loaned Young to Gaumont British for two films, the first was directed by Alfred Hitchcock with the other co-starring Jessie Matthews. While there he surmised that his employers intended to terminate his contract and he unexpectedly received one of his most rewarding roles late in his MGM career, in H. M. Pulham, Esq. featuring one of Hedy Lamarrs most effective performances. He once remarked that he was assigned only those roles which Robert Montgomery, after his contract ended at MGM, Young starred in light comedies as well as in trenchant dramas for studios such as 20th Century Fox, United Artists, and RKO Radio Pictures. From 1943, Young assayed more challenging roles in films like Claudia, The Enchanted Cottage, They Wont Believe Me, The Second Woman and his portrayal of unsympathetic characters in several of these later films—which was seldom the case in his MGM pictures—was applauded by numerous reviewers. Youngs career began an incremental and imperceptible decline, despite a propitious beginning as an actor without the nurturing of a major studio. Today, Young is most remembered as the affable insurance salesman in Father Knows Best, for which he, elinor Donahue, Billy Gray, and Lauren Chapin played the Anderson children in the television version. Young then created, produced, and starred with Ford Rainey and Constance Moore in the nostalgic CBS comedy series Window on Main Street, youngs final television series was Marcus Welby, M. D. co-starring a young James Brolin. This show earned Young an Emmy for best leading actor in a drama series, until the late 1980s, he also made numerous television commercials in which he persuaded edgy people to drink Sanka coffee. Young was married to Betty Henderson from 1933 until her death in 1994 and they had four daughters, Carol Proffitt, Barbara Beebe, Kathy Young, and Betty Lou Gleason. They also had six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren, later, he spoke candidly about his personal problems in an effort to encourage others to seek help. Young died of respiratory failure at his Westlake Village, California home on July 21,1998 and he has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the stars are in the categories of film, television, and radio. Muscatine, IA, Films of the Golden Age, the Great Movie Stars, The Golden Years. Robert Young at the Internet Movie Database Robert Young at the TCM Movie Database Robert Young at The New York Times Robert Young at Find a Grave Literature on Robert Young
25.
Comedy
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In a modern sense, comedy refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, and stand-up comedy. The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece, in the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict. Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a Society of Youth and a Society of the Old, a revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes. Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, parody subverts popular genres and forms, critiquing those forms without necessarily condemning them. Similarly scatological humour, sexual humour, and race humour create comedy by violating social conventions or taboos in comic ways, a comedy of manners typically takes as its subject a particular part of society and uses humor to parody or satirize the behaviour and mannerisms of its members. Romantic comedy is a genre that depicts burgeoning romance in humorous terms. The adjective comic, which means that which relates to comedy is, in modern usage. Of this, the word came into usage through the Latin comoedia and Italian commedia and has, over time. The Greeks and Romans confined their use of the comedy to descriptions of stage-plays with happy endings. Aristotle defined comedy as an imitation of men worse than the average, however, the characters portrayed in comedies were not worse than average in every way, only insofar as they are Ridiculous, which is a species of the Ugly. The Ridiculous may be defined as a mistake or deformity not productive of pain or harm to others, the mask, for instance, in the Middle Ages, the term expanded to include narrative poems with happy endings. It is in this sense that Dante used the term in the title of his poem, as time progressed, the word came more and more to be associated with any sort of performance intended to cause laughter. During the Middle Ages, the comedy became synonymous with satire. They disassociated comedy from Greek dramatic representation and instead identified it with Arabic poetic themes and forms and they viewed comedy as simply the art of reprehension, and made no reference to light and cheerful events, or to the troubling beginnings and happy endings associated with classical Greek comedy. After the Latin translations of the 12th century, the term gained a more general meaning in medieval literature. Starting from 425 BCE, Aristophanes, a playwright and satirical author of the Ancient Greek Theater wrote 40 comedies,11 of which survive. Aristophanes developed his type of comedy from the satyr plays
26.
Drama
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Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning action, which is derived from I do, the two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, Thalia was the Muse of comedy, while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy. Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the mode has been contrasted with the epic. The use of drama in a narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the modern era. Drama in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy—for example and it is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted to describe drama as a genre within their respective media. Radio drama has been used in both senses—originally transmitted in a performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow. The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production, the structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception. The early modern tragedy Hamlet by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama, a modern example is Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill. Closet drama describes a form that is intended to be read, in improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance, performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience. Western drama originates in classical Greece, the theatrical culture of the city-state of Athens produced three genres of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Their origins remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE they were institutionalised in competitions held as part of celebrating the god Dionysus. The competition for tragedies may have begun as early as 534 BCE, tragic dramatists were required to present a tetralogy of plays, which usually consisted of three tragedies and one satyr play. Comedy was officially recognized with a prize in the competition from 487 to 486 BCE, five comic dramatists competed at the City Dionysia, each offering a single comedy. Ancient Greek comedy is traditionally divided between old comedy, middle comedy and new comedy, following the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270–240 BCE, Rome encountered Greek drama. While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, from the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favour of a broader variety of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BCE, five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived, by the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, drama was firmly established in Rome and a guild of writers had been formed
27.
Barney Fife
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Bernard Barney P. Milton Oliver Fife is a fictional character in the American television program The Andy Griffith Show, portrayed by comic actor Don Knotts. Barney Fife is a deputy sheriff in the slow paced, sleepy community of Mayberry. He appeared in the first five seasons as a main character and he also appeared in the first episode of the spin-off series Mayberry R. F. D. and in the 1986 reunion telemovie Return to Mayberry. Additionally, Barney appeared in the Joey Bishop Show episode, Joeys Hideaway Cabin, in 1999, TV Guide ranked him Ninth on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list. Don Knotts had previously co-starred on The Steve Allen Show, along with Tom Poston, Pat Harrington Jr. and Louis Nye, there and he created Deputy Barney Fife in the same fashion, as a hyperkinetic but comically inept counterpart to Mayberrys practical and composed Sheriff Andy Taylor. According to Andy Griffith, the character of Barney Fife was suggested by Don Knotts himself, at the same time that The Steve Allen Show was ending, Knotts was looking for work. When he saw the episode of The Danny Thomas Show featuring Andy Taylor, Griffith liked the idea and suggested for him to call Executive Producer Sheldon Leonard. Griffith later recalled that Don Knotts contribution was the saving grace because he was uncomfortable with the original concept to have Andy Taylor being the comic lead. Fife appeared on The Andy Griffith Show from the beginning in 1960 until 1965. It is explained that Fife had left Mayberry to take a job as a detective in Raleigh, Knotts reprised the character in guest appearances each season until The Andy Griffith Show left the air in 1968. Barney also appeared in the inaugural Mayberry R. F. D, episode, in which Andy and Helen Crump marry. Nearly two decades would pass before the character was again reprised in the reunion film Return to Mayberry in 1986, by then, Fife had moved back and become the towns acting sheriff. Sometimes considered a blowhard with delusions of grandeur, he himself an expert on firearms, women, singing. Conversely, Andy knows that Barneys false bravado is a smokescreen for his insecurities, in one episode, Barney brags that he knows about the Emancipation Proclamation. Barney is often overly analytical and alarmist about benign situations, such as the modest Mayberry crime scene and he takes a minor infraction, blows it out of proportion, and then concocts an elaborate solution to resolve it. In one early episode, where Andy was briefly summoned away, acting sheriff Barney proceeds to book, despite his shortcomings, Barney is zealous about law enforcement, regularly spouting off penal codes and ordinances to thugs and jaywalkers alike. An emotional powderkeg, Barney often overreacts with panic, despair or bug-eyed fear, Barney is smug and self-confident, and is known for engaging in gossip and revealing both personal and police secrets, often with dire consequences. Outwardly a man of the world, Barney is truly naïve, though constantly warned by Andy, Barney falls for countless scams
28.
The Andy Griffith Show
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It stars Andy Griffith, who portrays the widowed sheriff of the fictional small community of Mayberry, North Carolina. His life is complicated by an inept but well-meaning deputy, Barney Fife, Aunt Bee, an aunt and housekeeper, and Opie. Eccentric townspeople and temperamental girlfriends complete the cast and it was, when we were doing it, of a time gone by. The series never placed lower than seventh in the Nielsen ratings, on separate occasions, it has been ranked by TV Guide as the 9th-best and 13th-best show in American television history. Though neither Griffith nor the show won awards during its run, co-stars Knotts. The series spawned its own spinoff, Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C, a sequel series, Mayberry R. F. D. and a reunion telemovie, Return to Mayberry. Reruns of the show are aired on TV Land, MeTV. The show has also made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the show, Mayberry Days, is each year in Griffiths hometown of Mount Airy. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode, on February 15,1960, The Danny Thomas Show episode Danny Meets Andy Griffith aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, future players in The Andy Griffith Show, Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor. General Foods, sponsor of The Danny Thomas Show, had first access to the spin-off, on October 3,1960 at 9,30 pm, The Andy Griffith Show made its debut. The shows production team included producers Aaron Ruben and Bob Ross, during season six, Greenbaum and Fritzell left the show and Ruben departed for Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C. A show which he owned in part, writer Harvey Bullock left after season six. Bob Sweeney directed the first three seasons save the premiere, the show was filmed at Desilu Studios, with exteriors filmed at Forty Acres in Culver City, California. Woodsy locales were filmed north of Beverly Hills at Franklin Canyon, Knotts auditioned for the shows creator and executive producer, Sheldon Leonard, and was offered a five-year contract playing Barney Fife. Whistling in the sequence, as well as the closing credits sequence, was performed by Earle Hagen. One of the tunes, The Mayberry March, was reworked a number of times in different tempo, styles
29.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
30.
Henry Jones (actor)
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Henry Burk Jones was an American character actor of stage, film and television. Jones was born in New Jersey, and was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and he was the son of Helen and John Francis Xavier Jones. He was the grandson of Pennsylvania Representative Henry Burk, a Prussian immigrant, Jones attended the Jesuit Saint Josephs Preparatory School. Jones is remembered for his role as handyman Leroy Jessup in the movie The Bad Seed, Jones appeared in more than 180 films and television shows. His screen credits included The Girl Cant Help It,3,10 to Yuma, vertigo, Cash McCall, The Bramble Bush, Rascal, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Dirty Dingus Magee, Support Your Local Gunfighter,9 to 5 and Arachnophobia. On television, Jones best remembered role was as the title characters father-in-law in the 1970s CBS sitcom Phyllis, in the story line, the California McCoys return to West Virginia for Grandmother McCoys 100th birthday. He had a role on the ABC drama Channing, with Jason Evers. Jones also appeared on Appointment with Adventure, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Eleventh Hour, Bewitched, Night Gallery and he played Dr. Smiths cousin in a 1966 episode of CBSs Lost In Space, Curse Of Cousin Smith, and alongside R. J. Hoferkamp in the 1968 made-for-television western movie Something for a Lonely Man, in 1967 he guest starred in the episode A Time to Die of the Sci-Fi TV show Voyage to the Bottom of the Seas 4th season. Starting in 1974, he guest starred three times on The Six Million Dollar Man as Dr. Jeffrey/Chester Dolenz and this character was a brilliant scientist who built lifelike robots, but although every plot was foiled he still managed to escape to fight another day. In 1978, he appeared in the Barney Miller episode, The Prisoner, Jones died in Los Angeles, California, at age 86, from complications from injuries suffered in a fall at his home in Santa Monica. His daughter is actress Jocelyn Jones,1964 Bonanza Episode, A Knight to Remember Henry Jones at Find a Grave Henry Jones at the Internet Broadway Database Henry Jones at the Internet Movie Database Henry Jones at the TCM Movie Database
31.
Walt Disney
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Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors, several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing and he took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy, with Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success, he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons, the results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi, furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella and Mary Poppins, in the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland. In 1965, he began development of theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city. Disney was a smoker throughout his life, and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private and he had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic and his reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. Nevertheless, Disney is considered an icon, particularly in the United States. Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue and he was the fourth son of Elias Disney—born in the Province of Canada, to Irish parents—and Flora, an American of German and English descent. Aside from Disney, Elias and Calls sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy, in 1906, when Disney was four, the family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when he was paid to draw the horse of a neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, Disney also began to develop an ability to work with watercolors and crayons. He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line and he and his younger sister Ruth started school at the same time at the Park School in Marceline in late 1909. In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas City, Missouri, before long, he was spending more time at the Pfeiffers house than at home
32.
Summer Magic
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Summer Magic is a 1963 Walt Disney Productions film starring Hayley Mills, Burl Ives, and Dorothy McGuire in a story about a Boston widow and her children taking up residence in a small town in Maine. The film was based on the novel Mother Careys Chickens by Kate Douglas Wiggin and was directed by James Neilson and this was the fourth of six film Mills did for Disney, and the young actress received a Golden Globe nomination for her work here. Financial problems force young Boston widow Margaret Carey and her 3 children to out of their home. Nancy, the dramatic and kind-hearted eldest, remembers a large house that the Careys had admired when they visited the small town of Beulah, Maine. Upon the sale of the familys treasured piano, Nancy reveals that the house is vacant, when the Careys arrive in Beulah they realize theyre slightly out-of-place although the town welcomes them. Overall, the Careys find that moving to the country was the best decision for them and theyre content in their new home. He also steers young Peter in the direction, trading him a pair of overalls for his Buster Brown suit in which he now feels too citified. They reluctantly agree, and while they get ready for her, Gilly and Nancy entertain Peter with jokes about her appearance and snobby, when Julia arrives, shes even worse than her cousins remembered. Part of her seems to include being jumped on by Peters large dog Sam in the middle of the night. Aghast at Beulahs primitive ways, she forces Oshs daughter Lally Joy to help her bathe in the rather than lug kettles of hot water up the stairs. While Nancy and Lally Joy cope with Julia, Peter enjoys working on the house with Osh, who entertains him with stories of bugs the like of which Peter hadnt dealt with in the city. When Margaret informs Osh of their finances, Osh, hoping to keep them in town, makes up a request from the houses owner, Tom Hamilton. He pretends that Mr. Hamilton has answered in the affirmative, only requesting that on Halloween the Careys must have a ceremony for his dead mother, the Careys accept and Osh chooses a fake picture for the ceremony. But Oshs wife Mariah, who has been on to his lies from the beginning, before she can spill the news, Osh fakes a fall from the second story, claims an injured leg, and insist that his wife help him get home. After church the next Sunday, Nancy and Julia spot a man, Charles Bryant. They invite him to a party at the yellow house. Julia wins, leaving Nancy too jealous to enjoy the evening after the party. In their bedroom, her jealousy and anger drive her to reveal that Julias adoptive parents dumped her on the Careys after gambling away their money
33.
Going My Way (TV series)
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Going My Way is an American comedy-drama series starring dancer and actor Gene Kelly. Based on the 1944 film of the same name starring Bing Crosby, the program was Kellys first and only attempt at a weekly television series. The series was canceled after one season of thirty episodes, Kelly stars as Father Chuck OMalley, a Roman Catholic priest who is sent to St. Dominics Parish located in a lower-class section of New York City. Leo G. Carroll co-starred as the pastor, Father Fitzgibbons. Dick York, later of Bewitched, portrayed Chucks boyhood friend, Tom Colwell, nydia Westman played Mrs. Featherstone, the housekeeper of the rectory. Episodes focus on Father OMalleys attempts to connect with the congregation, the failure of the series to enter a second season is usually attributed to its competition, particularly The Beverly Hillbillies. Going My Way was also scheduled opposite the final season of The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis on CBS, aired at 8,30 p. m. Eastern time on Wednesdays, Going My Way followed the western series Wagon Train on the ABC schedule. The program itself was followed on ABC by the sitcom, Our Man Higgins, starring Stanley Holloway, Frank Maxwell, on December 6,2011, Timeless Media Group released Going My Way, The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time. Going My Way at the Internet Movie Database Going My Way at TV. com
34.
Gene Kelly
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Eugene Curran Gene Kelly was an American dancer, actor, singer, film director, producer and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his looks. Best known today for his performances in such as An American in Paris, Anchors Aweigh. He starred in musical films throughout the 1940s, including For Me and My Gal, Du Barry Was a Lady, Thousands Cheer, The Three Musketeers. In his later career, he starred in two films outside the genre, Inherit the Wind and What a Way to Go. Throughout his career, he directed films, most notably the 1969 film Hello. His many innovations transformed the Hollywood musical and he is credited with almost single-handedly making the ballet form commercially acceptable to film audiences, Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award in 1952 for his career achievements. He later received lifetime achievement awards in the Kennedy Center Honors, in 1999, the American Film Institute also numbered him 15th in their Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema list. Kelly was born in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh and he was the third son of James Patrick Joseph Kelly, a phonograph salesman, and his wife Harriet Catherine Curran. His father was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, to an Irish-Canadian family and his maternal grandfather was an immigrant from Derry, Ireland, and his maternal grandmother was of German ancestry. When he was eight, Kellys mother enrolled him and his brother James in dance classes and they both rebelled, as recalled by Kelly, We didnt like it much and were continually involved in fistfights with the neighborhood boys who called us sissies. I didnt dance again until I was fifteen, at one time his childhood dream was to play shortstop for the hometown Pittsburgh Pirates. By the time he decided to dance, he was an accomplished sportsman and he attended St. Raphael Elementary School in the Morningside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and graduated from Peabody High School at age sixteen. He entered Pennsylvania State College as a major, but the 1929 crash forced him to work to help his family. He created dance routines with his younger brother Fred to earn money in local talent contests. They also performed in local nightclubs, in 1931, Kelly enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh to study economics, joining the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity. He became involved in the universitys Cap and Gown Club, which staged original musical productions, after graduating in 1933, he continued to be active with the Cap and Gown Club, serving as the director from 1934 to 1938. Kelly was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Law School and his family opened a dance studio in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh
35.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
36.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
37.
Gunsmoke
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Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston. The stories take place in and around Dodge City, Kansas, the central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon, played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television. When aired in the UK, the series was initially titled Gun Law. The radio series ran from 1952 to 1961, John Dunning wrote that among radio drama enthusiasts, Gunsmoke is routinely placed among the best shows of any kind and any time. The television series ran for 20 seasons from 1955 to 1975, at the end of its run in 1975, Los Angeles Times columnist Cecil Smith wrote, Gunsmoke was the dramatization of the American epic legend of the west. Our own Iliad and Odyssey, created from elements of the dime novel and the pulp western as romanticized by Buntline, Harte. It was ever the stuff of legend, robinson instructed his West Coast CBS Vice President, Harry Ackerman, who had developed the Philip Marlowe series, to take on the task. Ackerman and his scriptwriters, Mort Fine and David Friedkin, created a script called Mark Dillon Goes to Gouge Eye based on one of their Michael Shayne radio scripts. Two auditions were created in 1949, CBS liked the Culver version better, and Ackerman was told to proceed. A complication arose, though, Culvers contract as the star of Straight Arrow would not allow him to do another Western series, the project was shelved for three years, when producer Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston discovered it while creating an adult Western series of their own. Macdonnell and Meston wanted to create a radio Western for adults, in contrast to the prevailing juvenile fare such as The Lone Ranger, Gunsmoke was set in Dodge City, Kansas, during the thriving cattle days of the 1870s. Dunning notes, The show drew critical acclaim for unprecedented realism, the radio series first aired on CBS on April 26,1952 with the episode Billy the Kid, written by Walter Newman, and ended on June 18,1961. The show stars William Conrad as Marshal Matt Dillon, Howard McNear as Doc Charles Adams, Georgia Ellis as Kitty Russell, Dillon was played on radio by William Conrad and on TV by James Arness. Conrad was one of the last actors to audition for the role of Marshal Dillon, with a resonantly powerful and distinctive voice, Conrad was already one of radios busiest actors. Though Meston championed him, Macdonnell thought Conrad might be overexposed, during his audition, however, Conrad won over Macdonnell after reading only a few lines. Dillon as portrayed by Conrad was a lonely, isolated man, Macdonnell later claimed, Much of Matt Dillons character grew out of Bill Conrad. Meston relished the upending of cherished Western fiction clichés and felt that few Westerns gave any inkling of how brutal the Old West was in reality. Many episodes were based on mans cruelty to man and woman, inasmuch as the womans life
38.
The Lucy Show
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The Lucy Show is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from 1962–68. It was Lucille Balls follow-up to I Love Lucy, a significant change in cast and premise for the 1965–66 season divides the program into two distinct eras, aside from Ball, only Gale Gordon, who joined the program for its second season, remained. For the first three seasons, Vivian Vance was the co-star, Ball won consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for the series final two seasons, 1966–67 and 1967–68. In 1962, two years after Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had divorced and the episode of The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour aired. After a two-year run, the comedy series Pete and Gladys, starring Harry Morgan, the red-headed Williams had been promoted as the next Lucille Ball. At that time, Desilu was left only one hit series. Arnaz, as President of Desilu, offered Ball an opportunity to return to television in a weekly sitcom. At that time, CBS executives were somewhat dubious as to whether Ball could carry a show without Arnaz and it was never intended for this program to go beyond a single season. It was a strategy that Ball herself would use in the future to take control of The Lucy Shows renewal from CBS. With Arnazs encouragement and persuasion, Ball agreed to do the show, provided it be shown on Monday nights, CBS agreed to a full season of episodes and The Lucy Show premiered on Monday night, October 1,1962, at 8,30 p. m. In order to get Vance to commit to the series, Arnaz acquiesced to her demands for an increase in salary, co-star billing, a more attractive wardrobe and, finally, that her characters name be Vivian. After doing I Love Lucy, she was still being called Ethel by people on the street, the consensus was that fans would be offended with a Lucy who was divorced, despite the fact that this was a new character and Ball herself was divorced. The character of Vivian Bagley became televisions first divorced woman on primetime television, in the shows original format, Lucy had been left with a substantial trust fund by her late husband, which was managed during the first season by local banker Mr. Barnsdahl. Comedian Dick Martin, working solo from his longtime partner Dan Rowan, was cast in ten episodes as Lucys next-door neighbor, Harry Connors, the first season of The Lucy Show fully utilized the talents of Bob Carroll, Jr. At the end of its first season, The Lucy Show received rave reviews from the critics, Ball was nominated for an Emmy Award as Best Actress in a Series, but lost to Shirley Booth for the NBC comedy hit Hazel. Bolstered by great ratings, the series was renewed for a second year, at the beginning of the 1963–1964 season, Desi Arnaz resigned as head of Desilu and as the executive producer of The Lucy Show. Ball took over as President of the studio and Elliott Lewis replaced Arnaz as executive producer of Balls series, Dick Martin, Don Briggs, Tom Lowell, and Charles Lane left the show. The characters of Harry Connors and Alan Harper were never mentioned again, Briggs would make one more appearance as Eddie Collins in the episode Lucy Goes Duck Hunting
39.
Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared
40.
Honey West (TV series)
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Honey West is an American crime drama television series that aired on ABC during the 1965–1966 television season. Based upon a series of novels that had launched in 1957, only 30 half-hour episodes were produced. The entire series is available on DVD, the Honey West character was created by Gloria and Forrest E. “Skip” Fickling under the pseudonym “G. G, the G. G. represented the initials of his wife, Gloria Gautraud whom he married in 1949 with initials being used so the sex of the author would remain vague. Though Gloria said that most of the writing was done by Forrest, Forrest said Gloria’s ideas were used to make a female character with Gloria also providing Honey’s dress sense. Forrest told the Los Angeles Times, “I first thought of Marilyn Monroe and we thought the most used name for someone you really like is Honey. And she lives in the West, so there was her name. ”West was one of the first female “private eyes” to ever appear on television. Francis first played West in the season episode of Burke’s Law, entitled “Who Killed the Jackpot. ”, broadcast on April 21,1965. West drove a Jaguar convertible in the Burkes Law episode and was referred to as the private eyeful. She carried a gun and was trained in martial arts, Honey West was intended to be the American equivalent of the popular characters Emma Peel and Cathy Gale in the British series The Avengers. Producer Aaron Spellings first choice for the role of Honey was Honor Blackman, Anne Francis’ fashions in the Honey role were by Nolan Miller, and her action scenes choreographed by Gene LeBell. The series was developed for television by Gwen Bagni and Paul Dubov, as in the Burkes Law episode introducing her, West has a partner and man-Friday, Sam Bolt, who communicates with Honey via a radio hidden in her lipstick case. In the television series, she keeps a pet ocelot named Bruce. Honey’s alluring feline qualities were reflected in her animal-print wardrobe and apartment decor, for sneaking around at night and engaging in energetic fight scenes, she wears a black fabric bodystocking reminiscent of Emma Peel’s leather jumpsuit. Like Peel’s Lotus Elan sports car, Honey’s similar-looking AC Cobra convertible emphasized her independence, although the racy content of the novels was excised for television, West often went on solo undercover missions that required a provocative or revealing outfit. She uses a number of James Bond-like gimmicks, a surveillance van, an exploding compact, a garter-belt gas mask. West is a black-belt in Judo, as is Sam, who is an ex-Marine. Some episodes of series, including the final one, were scripted by Richard Levinson and William Link
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Anne Francis
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She won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role in the series. Some sources erroneously claim she was born Ann Marvak in Ossining, New York, however, according to her parents marriage registration and census records from 1925 and 1930, her parents were Philip Ward Francis and Edith Francis. She entered show business at an age, working as a model at age five to help her family during the Great Depression. She made her Broadway debut at the age of 11, Francis made her film debut in This Time for Keeps. She played supporting roles in the films Susan Slept Here, So Young, So Bad and her best-known film role is that of Altaira in Forbidden Planet, an Oscar-nominated science-fiction classic. Francis was the star of a provocative 1960 movie about a call girl, Girl of the Night. In 1965, she had a role in the William Conrad film noir Brainstorm. In 1968, she played the role of Georgia James in the feature film Funny Girl and in the year, played Nancy Ingersoll in the comedy Hook, Line. She also co-starred in Impasse, a film starring Burt Reynolds. Her distinctive physical features were her blonde hair, striking blue eyes, the mole was even written into the script of one of her films. Francis found success in television and was a frequent guest star in 1960s, 1970s and she guest-starred on The Untouchables as the title character in The Doreen Maney Story, and appeared twice in The Twilight Zone. She also appeared in two episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and three episodes of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, Francis also appeared in two episodes of the Western series The Virginian and in the episode Incident of the Shambling Man on the CBS western, Rawhide. She was cast in an episode of Gene Kellys drama series, Going My Way, based on the 1944 film of the same name. During 1964, she guest-starred in two episodes, Hideout and Rachels Mother, of The Reporter, and made two appearances in The Man From U. N. C. L. E. She made a guest appearance in a 1967 episode of The Fugitive and she appeared in the 1967 episode, The Saucer, in The Invaders. She guest-starred in a 1973 episode, Murder In The Dolls House and she appeared twice as a guest star in Columbo, once as a casual lover of the murderer, and once as the actual murder victim. In 1974, she appeared as Ida, the madame of a house on the series Kung Fu in the episode Night of the Owls. In 1976, she appeared as Lola Flynn in an episode of Wonder Woman, in 1977, she appeared as Lieutenant Commander Gladys Hope, the head nurse in two episodes of the World War II series Baa Baa Black Sheep
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I Spy (1965 TV series)
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I Spy is an American television secret-agent buddy adventure series. It ran for three seasons on NBC from 1965 to 1968 and teamed US intelligence agents Kelly Robinson and Alexander Scotty Scott, Robinson poses as an amateur with Scott as his trainer, playing against wealthy opponents in return for food and lodging. Their work involved chasing villains, spies, and beautiful women, the creative forces behind the show were writers David Friedkin and Morton Fine and cinematographer Fouad Said. Together they formed Triple F Productions under the aegis of Desilu Productions where the show was produced, Fine and Friedkin were co-producers and head writers, and wrote the scripts for 16 episodes, one of which Friedkin directed. Friedkin also dabbled in acting and appeared in two episodes in the first season, actor-producer Sheldon Leonard, known for playing gangster roles in the 1940s and 1950s, was the executive producer. He also played a role in two episodes and appeared in a third show as himself in a humorous cameo. In addition, he directed one episode and served as occasional second-unit director throughout the series, I Spy broke ground in that it was the first American television drama to feature a black actor in a lead role. Originally an older actor was slated to play a fatherly mentor to Culps character, after seeing Cosby performing stand-up comedy on a talk-show, Sheldon Leonard decided to take a chance on hiring him to play opposite Culp. The concept was changed from a relationship to same-age partners who were equals. It was also notable that Cosbys race was never an issue in any of the stories, nor was his character in any way subservient to Culps, with the exception that Culps Kelly Robinson was a more experienced agent. As a strait-laced Rhodes Scholar fluent in languages, Cosbys Scotty was really the brains of the team. His partner was the athlete and playboy who lived by his wits, I Spy was a trailblazer in its use of exotic international locations in an attempt to emulate the James Bond film series. This was unique for a show, especially since the series actually filmed its lead actors at locations ranging from Spain to Japan. Each season the producers would select four or five scenic locations around the world, episodes were filmed in Athens, Rome, Florence, Madrid, Venice, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Acapulco, San Francisco, Las Vegas, and Morocco. The success of the show is attributed to the chemistry between Culp and Cosby, fans tuned in more for their hip banter than for the espionage stories, making I Spy a leader in the buddy genre. The two actors developed a close friendship that mirrored their on-screen characters, a friendship that would last until Culps death in 2010. The show also coined unique phrases that, briefly, became catchphrases, wonderfulness was used as the title of one of Cosbys albums of stand-up comedy released concurrently with the series. Cosby also occasionally slipped in bits of his comic routines during his improvised badinage with Culp, many details of Cosbys life were also written into his character
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Bill Cosby
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William Henry Bill Cosby, Jr. is an American stand-up comedian, actor, author, and singer. Cosbys start in comedy began at the hungry i in San Francisco and was followed by his landing a starring role in the 1960s television show I Spy. He was also a regular on the television series The Electric Company during the shows first two seasons. Throughout the 1970s, Cosby starred in a number of films, after attending Temple University in the 1960s, he received his bachelors degree there in 1971. In 1973, he received a degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His dissertation discussed the use of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids as a tool in elementary schools. The sitcom highlighted the experiences and growth of an affluent African-American family, Cosby has been the subject of publicized sexual assault allegations since about 2000. He surrendered to authorities on December 30,2015, and was released on $1 million bail, Cosby is scheduled to go on trial on or before June 5,2017. Cosby was born on July 12,1937 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and he is one of four sons of Anna Pearl, a maid, and William Henry Cosby Sr. who served as a mess steward in the U. S. Navy. During much of Cosbys early childhood, his father was away in the U. S. armed forces, as a student, he described himself as a class clown. Cosby was the captain of both the team and the track and field team at Mary Channing Wister Public School in Philadelphia. Early on, though, teachers noted his propensity for clowning around rather than studying, at FitzSimons Junior High School, Cosby began acting in plays as well as continuing his devotion to playing sports. Cosby went on to Philadelphias Central High School, a magnet and academically rigorous university prep school where he played football, basketball, baseball, and ran track. In addition, Cosby was working before and after school, selling produce, shining shoes and he transferred to Germantown High School, but failed the tenth grade. Instead of repeating, he got a job as an apprentice at a repair shop, which he liked. In 1956, Cosby enlisted in the Navy, serving at the Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, Naval Station Argentia, Newfoundland and at the Bethesda Naval Hospital in Maryland. During his four years in the Navy, Cosby served as a Hospital Corpsman working in therapy with Navy. He finished his equivalency diploma via correspondence courses and was awarded a track, there, he studied physical education while running track and playing fullback on the universitys football team
