1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
Laverne & Shirley
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Laverne & Shirley is an American sitcom that ran on ABC from January 27,1976, to May 10,1983. It starred Penny Marshall as Laverne DeFazio and Cindy Williams as Shirley Feeney, the show was a spin-off from Happy Days, as the two lead characters were originally introduced on that series as acquaintances of Fonzie. Set in roughly the time period, the timeline started in approximately 1958, when the series began, through 1967. As with Happy Days, it was made by Paramount Television, created by Garry Marshall, and executive produced by Garry Marshall, Edward K. Milkis, and Thomas L. Miller. At the start of episode, Laverne and Shirley are skipping down a Milwaukee street, arm in arm. Hasenpfeffer Incorporated, which leads into the series theme song titled Making Our Dreams Come True. The hopscotch chant is from Penny Marshalls childhood, in seasons six and seven, the intro features Laverne and Shirley exiting their apartment building, but still reciting their original chant, and then a re-recorded version of the theme song is played. During the final season, it opens with a group of performing the chant. For the first five seasons, from 1976 to 1980, the show was set in Milwaukee, also included in the show are Lavernes father, Frank DeFazio, proprietor of the Pizza Bowl, and Edna Babish, the apartment buildings landlady, who would later marry Frank. Shirley maintained an off-again on-again romance with dancer/singer/boxer Carmine Ragusa, during this period, characters from Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley would make occasional guest appearances on each others shows. During the fifth season, the girls went into the Army, Michael McKean and David Lander created the characters of Lenny and Squiggy while both were theater students at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Lander told an interviewer in 2006 that they created the characters high on marijuana. After graduating, they continued to perform the characters in comedy routines before joining the shows cast. For the fifth season in 1980, Laverne and Shirley and their friends all moved from Milwaukee to Burbank, the girls took jobs at a department store, Frank and Edna managed a Texas BBQ restaurant, and Carmine delivered singing telegrams and sought work as an actor. From this point until the end of the run, Laverne & Shirley was set in the mid-1960s. In one of the shots in the new opening sequence. With each season, a new year passed in the timeline of the show, starting with 1965 in the 1980–81 season, in March 1982, Cindy Williams became pregnant with her first child. In May, Williams and her manager-husband Bill Hudson presented a list of demands to accommodate her pregnancy and pending child birth, in August, two episodes into production of the series eighth season, Williams left the show and filed a $20 million lawsuit against Paramount
4.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
5.
Christopher Guest
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Guest is most widely known in Hollywood for having written, directed and starred in his series of comedy films shot in mock-documentary style. Scenes and character backgrounds in Guests films are written, but actors have no rehearsal time, the series of films began with This Is Spinal Tap, and continued with Waiting for Guffman, Best In Show, A Mighty Wind, For Your Consideration, and Mascots. He holds a hereditary British peerage as the 5th Baron Haden-Guest, though he was initially active in the Lords, his career there was cut short by the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed the right of most hereditary peers to a seat in the parliament. When using his title, he is styled as Lord Haden-Guest. Guest is married to the actress and author Jamie Lee Curtis, Guests paternal grandfather, Leslie, Baron Haden-Guest, was a Labour Party politician, who was a convert to Judaism. Guests maternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia, both of Guests parents had become atheists, and Guest had no religious upbringing. Nearly a decade before he was born, his uncle, David Guest, Guest spent parts of his childhood in his fathers native United Kingdom. He attended The High School of Music & Art, studying music at the Stockbridge School in Interlaken. He later took up the mandolin, became interested in music, and played guitar with Arlo Guthrie. Guest later began performing with bluegrass bands until he took up rock, Guest studied acting at New York Universitys Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts, graduating in 1971. C. in November 1971. Guest continued with the production when it moved to Broadway in 1972, the following year he began making contributions to The National Lampoon Radio Hour for a variety of National Lampoon audio recordings. He both performed comic characters and wrote, arranged and performed numerous musical parodies and he was featured alongside Chevy Chase and John Belushi in the Off-Broadway revue National Lampoons Lemmings. Two of his earliest film roles were small parts as uniformed officers in the 1972 film The Hot Rock. Guests biggest role of the first two decades of his career is likely that of Nigel Tufnel in the 1984 Rob Reiner film This Is Spinal Tap, Guest made his first appearance as Tufnel on the 1978 sketch comedy program The TV Show. Along with Martin Short, Billy Crystal and Harry Shearer, Guest was hired as a one-year only cast member for the 1984–85 season on NBCs Saturday Night Live. He also experimented behind the camera with pre-filmed sketches, notably directing a short starring Shearer. In another short film from SNL, Guest and Crystal appear as retired Negro league baseball players, The Rooster and he appeared as Count Rugen in The Princess Bride. He had a role as the first customer, a pedestrian, in the 1986 musical remake of The Little Shop of Horrors
6.
Spinal Tap (band)
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Spinal Tap is a parody band spoofing the style of British heavy metal groups. The band first appeared on a 1979 ABC TV sketch comedy pilot called The T. V. Show, starring Rob Reiner. The sketch, actually a promotional video for the song Rock and Roll Nightmare, was written by Reiner and the band. Later the band became the subject of the 1984 rockumentary/mockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. The band members are portrayed by Michael McKean, Christopher Guest and this Is Spinal Tap was accompanied by a soundtrack album of the same name. In the years following the release, the actors have portrayed the band members at concerts. Support at Wembley Arena came from the same trios fictitious folk music band The Folksmen, although the 1984 film portrays the band hailing from the United Kingdom, all three actors who play the principal band members were actually born in the United States. Fans of Spinal Tap have assembled details about the band based on film, albums, concerts, and related promotional material, including a discography. Additionally, it is claimed that police described one of the deaths as a mystery best left unsolved, Spinal Tap reunited in 1992 for Break Like the Wind, an album produced in part by T‑Bone Burnett, an accomplished musician and record producer. The band also released the single Bitch School, on July 1,1992, Tap crossed five time zones for three performances in St. Johns, Newfoundland, Barrie, Ontario, and Vancouver, British Columbia, for MuchMusic and Molsons Great Canadian Party. For each performance of Stonehenge, the miniature monument prop was delivered on stage in a courier envelope, in 2000 the band launched a web site named Tapster where their song Back from the Dead was made available for download. Tapster was a parody of Napster, a file sharing network. In 2001, the band reunited for the nine-city Back from the Dead Tour that began on June 1,2001, the tour included a show at Carnegie Hall in New York City and ended in Montreal in mid-July at the Just for Laughs festival. The opening act for some of these shows were The Folksmen, the folk trio seen in the film A Mighty Wind, and also performed by Guest, McKean, in 2007, Tap reunited again, this time to help combat global warming. Theyre not that environmentally conscious, but theyve heard of global warming, Nigel thought it was just because he was wearing too much clothing – that if he just took his jacket off it would be cooler. This reunion also included the release of a new song called Warmer Than Hell, the band played on the London leg of the SOS/Live Earth concert series, and Rob Reiner has directed a short film which was released on the Live Earth website on April 27. The film reveals that Nigel Tufnel is now working as a farm looking after miniature horses. David St Hubbins is currently working as a producer and Derek Smalls is in rehab for being addicted to the Internet
7.
This Is Spinal Tap
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This Is Spinal Tap is a 1984 American rock music mockumentary comedy film written, scored by, and starring Rob Reiner, Christopher Guest, Michael McKean and Harry Shearer. The film portrays the fictional British heavy metal band Spinal Tap, Reiner and the three main actors are credited as the writers of the movie because they ad libbed much of the dialogue. Several dozen hours of footage were filmed before Reiner edited it to the released movie, the three main members of Spinal Tap—David St. Hubbins, Derek Smalls and Nigel Tufnel—are played by actors McKean, Shearer, and Guest, respectively. The three actors play their instruments and speak with mock English accents throughout the movie. Reiner appears as Marty Di Bergi, the maker of the documentary, other actors in the movie are Tony Hendra as group manager Ian Faith, and June Chadwick as St. Hubbins interfering girlfriend Jeanine. In 2002, This Is Spinal Tap was deemed culturally, historically and this is Spinal Tap is presented as a serious rock documentary, purportedly filmed and directed by the fictional Marty Di Bergi. The band was started by friends, David St. Hubbins and Nigel Tufnel. They changed their name again to Spinal Tap and enjoyed limited success with the flower power anthem Listen to the Flower People, ultimately, the band became successful with heavy metal and produced several albums. Di Bergis interviews with St. Hubbins and Tufnel reveal that they are competent composers and musicians, Tufnel can only reply, These go to eleven. Tufnel later plays a somber quasi-classical music composition on piano for Di Bergi, claiming it to be a Mach piece, as the tour starts, concert appearances are repeatedly canceled because of low ticket sales. Tensions continue to increase when several major retailers refuse to sell Smell the Glove because of its sexist cover art, the bands distributor, Polymer Records, opts to release Smell the Glove with an entirely black cover without consulting the band. The album fails to draw crowds to autograph sessions with the band, however, Tufnel, rushing a sketch on a napkin, mislabels its dimensions, using a double prime symbol instead of single prime. The resulting prop, seen for the first time by the group during a show, is only 18 inches high, the group accuses Faith of mismanagement, and when St. Hubbins suggests Jeanine should co-manage the group, Faith quits in disgust. The tour continues, rescheduled into smaller and smaller venues, Tufnel becomes marginalized by Jeanine and St. Hubbins. At their next gig Tufnel is upset by an equipment malfunction, in their next gig, in an amphitheater at an amusement park in Stockton, California, they find that Nigels absence severely limits their repertoire. They are forced to improvise a fusion-esque, experimental song entitled Jazz Odyssey and he then tells St. Hubbins that Faith would like to arrange a new tour in that country. St. Hubbins is initially cool to the idea, but later on during their show, St. Hubbins convinces Tufnel to join them on stage and this Is Spinal Tap was only a modest success upon its initial release. However, the film found success, and a cult following
8.
A Mighty Wind
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A Mighty Wind is a 2003 American mockumentary comedy film about a folk music reunion concert in which three folk bands reunite for a television performance for the first time in decades. The film was directed, co-written and composed by Christopher Guest, the film is widely acknowledged to reference the 2003 tribute concert to folk music producer Harold Leventhal that reunited several of the folk groups that Leventhal had managed. More broadly, the film is a parody of the American folk music revival of the early 1960s, Guest co-stars and reunites many of his company of actors from This Is Spinal Tap, Waiting for Guffman, and Best in Show for this film. They include Eugene Levy, Catherine OHara, Michael McKean, Harry Shearer, Fred Willard, Bob Balaban, Ed Begley, Jr. Jennifer Coolidge, John Michael Higgins, Jane Lynch and Parker Posey. Several characters in the film originated in a written by Guest for Saturday Night Live in 1984. Shearer, Guest, and McKean appeared as The Folksmen on Saturday Night Live, in the movie This is Spinal Tap, and occasionally on concert stages. J. A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow, which was composed for the film by McKean, the film is structured as mockumentary about a memorial concert for folk music producer Irving Steinbloom. Upon his death, his children organize a concert, which hope to feature his three most famous acts, The Folksmen, The New Main Street Singers, and Mitch & Mickey. The Folksmen trio — Mark Shubb, Alan Barrows, and Jerry Palter — were once the most popular of the acts but have not appeared together in decades and they had several minor hits, and their most famous song was Old Joes Place. Despite not playing or seeing each other for years, their reunion is a very positive affair as the Folksmen give each other big hugs and are happy to see one another. The New Main Street Singers are the generation of the original Main Street Singers, formed by George Menschell. Menschell sings and holds a guitar he cannot play, performers include Terry Bohner and his wife Laurie Bohner. Laurie, an adult film star, and her husband are founders of Witches in Natures Colors. Another member is Sissy Knox, a juvenile delinquent and daughter of one of the original Main Street Singers. They are managed by Mike LaFontaine, whose fifteen minutes of fame came by way of a failed 1970s sitcom, the show lasted for less than one season and has largely been forgotten, but LaFontaine is constantly quoting the titular tagline to the puzzlement of others. The group, which is entirely white, includes one Filipino American member, Mike Maryama. Mitch Cohen and Mickey Crabbe comprised Mitch & Mickey, a couple that released seven albums until their dramatic break-up years before the setting of the film. Mickey seemingly moved on and has married a medical supply salesman and their most famous song was A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow, at the end of which the pair would actually kiss on stage
9.
Better Call Saul
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Better Call Saul is an American television crime drama series created by Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould. It is a prequel of Gilligans prior series Breaking Bad. The first season, which premiered on AMC on February 8,2015, the shows 10-episode second season premiered on February 15,2016. The series has been renewed for a 10-episode third season, which will premiere April 10,2017, like its predecessor, Better Call Saul has received critical acclaim. The series premiere held the record for the scripted series premiere in basic cable history at the time of its airing. In July 2012, Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan hinted at a possible spin-off about Saul Goodman, in April 2013, the series was confirmed to be in development by Gilligan and Gould, the latter wrote the Breaking Bad episode that introduced the character. Bob Odenkirk stars as lawyer Jimmy McGill, in January 2014, it was announced that Jonathan Banks would reprise his Breaking Bad role as Mike Ehrmantraut and be a series regular. Aaron Paul announced having had serious talks with Gilligan for possible guest appearances, dean Norris, another Breaking Bad alumnus, announced that he would not be appearing, partly due to his involvement in the CBS series Under the Dome. Anna Gunn also mentioned a talk with Gilligan over possible guest appearances, Michael McKean was cast as McGills elder brother Chuck, having previously guest-starred in an episode of Odenkirks Mr. Show and Gilligans X-Files episode Dreamland. The cast also includes Patrick Fabian as Howard Hamlin, Rhea Seehorn as Kim Wexler, in October 2014, Kerry Condon was cast as Stacey Ehrmantraut, Mikes daughter-in-law. In November 2014, it was announced that Julie Ann Emery and Jeremy Shamos had been cast as Betsy and Craig Kettleman, by July 2013, the series had yet to be green-lighted. Netflix was one of many interested distributors, but ultimately a deal was made between AMC and Breaking Bad production company Sony Pictures Television, Gilligan and Gould serve as co-showrunners and Gilligan directed the pilot. Former Breaking Bad writers Thomas Schnauz and Gennifer Hutchison joined the staff, with Schnauz serving as co-executive producer. Also on the staff are Bradley Paul, and Gordon Smith. In developing the series, the producers considered making the show a half-hour comedy, in October 2014, Odenkirk called the show 85 percent drama,15 percent comedy. Better Call Saul also employs Breaking Bads signature time jumps, as filming began on June 2,2014, Gilligan expressed some concern regarding the possible disappointment from the series turnout, in terms of audience reception. On June 19,2014, AMC announced it had renewed the series for a season of 13 episodes to premiere in early 2016, however. The first teaser trailer debuted on AMC on August 10,2014, in May 2015, Gilligan confirmed that more of the prominent characters from Breaking Bad would be making guest appearances in season 2, but remained vague on which characters were likely to be seen
10.
Saul Goodman
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James Morgan Jimmy McGill, Esq. also known by the trade name Saul Goodman, is a fictional character in Breaking Bad and the title character of its spin-off series Better Call Saul. He is portrayed by Bob Odenkirk and was created by series creator Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould, throughout Breaking Bad, he acts as Walter White and Jesse Pinkmans attorney and accomplice. His made-up name is a play on words to better attract clients, Sall good and he is also known for his low-budget television commercials and print advertisements in Albuquerque, wherein he advertises mainly under the tagline Better Call Saul. For the first and second seasons of Better Call Saul, Odenkirk was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series as well as a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Chuck got Jimmy a job in the room of his law firm, Hamlin, Hamlin and McGill, alongside future lawyer. Jimmy got a law degree from the University of American Samoa, and passed the bar exam. At the beginning of Better Call Saul, Jimmy was a public defender representing obviously guilty clients in the Albuquerque court system. Jimmy also took care of Chuck, who was housebound by sudden onset of severe phobic behavior. He first used his con artist skills in law practice by enlisting two twin con artists to accidentally get hit by a car, after which Jimmy would happen to be driving past and save the driver. The twins mistakenly targeted a car driven by the grandmother of drug kingpin Tuco Salamanca, which led to Tuco taking Jimmy, Jimmy exacted revenge upon Howard by buying advertising space for his own practice on a billboard, copying HHMs branding. HHM served a cease and desist order on Jimmy, and Jimmy organized a publicity stunt while the billboard was being taken down. The stunt got Jimmy new clients, one of whom was an elderly woman, Mike Ehrmantraut hired Jimmy to spill coffee on a detective during questioning so that Mike could steal his notebook. As Jimmy began developing a law practice, he learned that the nursing home provider Sandpiper Crossing was systematically overcharging its residents. Jimmy involved Chuck in developing a class action case against Sandpiper, Jimmy returned to Cicero and spent a week pulling scams with his former partner-in-crime Marco Pasternak. Marco died of an attack during one last con, and with his dying breath. After receiving Marcos gold ring and remembering his last words, Jimmy ultimately decided that he no longer obliged to do the right thing. After the Cicero trip, Jimmy closed down his law practice, however, due in large part to his interest in Kim, he returned to law practice as an associate with Davis & Main, a prestigious Santa Fe law firm involved in the Sandpiper case alongside HHM. Jimmy was put in charge of client outreach for the Sandpiper case, when called on the potential legal issues by both Chuck and Kim, Jimmy resorted to filming a targeted TV commercial and airing it on a test basis without permission from his firm
11.
AMC (TV channel)
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AMC is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by AMC Networks. The channels programming, similar to that of FXM, primarily consists of released films. The channels name originally stood for American Movie Classics, but since 2002 the full name has been de-emphasized as a result of a shift in its programming. As of July 2015, AMC was received by approximately 94,832,000 households in the United States that subscribe to a pay television service. In March 2015, Dish Networks Sling TV announced it would begin making AMC channels available to cord cutters, including AMC, BBC America, IFC, SundanceTV. American Movie Classics, as AMC was originally known, debuted on October 1,1984 as a premium channel, AMC was originally operated as a joint venture between Rainbow Media and cable television provider Tele-Communications Inc. During its early years, it was not uncommon for AMC to host a marathon of Marx Brothers films, in 1987, the channel began to be carried on the basic cable tiers of many cable providers. By 1989, AMC was available to 39 million subscribers in the U. S, on December 1,1990, AMC began operating on a 24-hour-a-day schedule. Beginning in 1993, AMC presented an annual Film Preservation Festival to raise awareness of, portions of the festival were often dedicated to all-day marathons focusing on a single performer. During its fifth year in 1998, Scorsese credited the Festival for creating not only a greater awareness. In 1996, curator of the Museum of Modern Art Mary Lee Bandy called the Festival the most important public event in support of film preservation. By its tenth anniversary in 2003, the Festival had raised $2 million from the general public, the following year, Time Warner also attempted to acquire at least part of Liberty Medias stake in AMC. Turner owns rights to the RKO Radio Pictures film library and licensed RKOs films to AMC in a deal that was slated to last through 2004. Under the terms of the deal, AMC would obtain the RKO titles in exclusive windows, around this time, General Electric/NBC owned a stake in AMC – which it divested in the early 2000s. From 1996 to 1998, AMC aired its first original series, Remember WENN, the show was well received by both critics and its enthusiastic fans, but was abruptly cancelled after its fourth season following management changes at the channel. Despite a well publicized campaign to save the series, the show was not renewed for its originally scheduled fifth season. One popular AMC program was American Pop. which ran from 1998 to 2003, the majority of the films presented on AMC during the 1990s had originally been released by Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, and Universal Studios. The channel also showed classic silent films
12.
Breaking Bad
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Breaking Bad is an American crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan. The show originally aired on the AMC network for five seasons, from January 20,2008 and it tells the story of Walter White, a struggling high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer. The title is from a Southern colloquialism meaning to raise hell, Breaking Bad is set and was filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Walters family consists of his wife Skyler and children, Walter, Jr. the show also features Skylers sister Marie Schrader, and her husband Hank, a Drug Enforcement Administration agent. Walter hires lawyer Saul Goodman, who connects him with private investigator and fixer Mike Ehrmantraut and in turn Mikes employer, the final season introduces the characters Todd Alquist and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle. Breaking Bad is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time, by the time the series finale aired, the series was among the most-watched cable shows on American television. In 2013, Breaking Bad entered the Guinness World Records as the most critically acclaimed show of all time, Breaking Bad was created by Vince Gilligan, who spent several years writing the Fox series The X-Files. Gilligan wanted to create a series in which the protagonist became the antagonist, Television is historically good at keeping its characters in a self-imposed stasis so that shows can go on for years or even decades, he said. When I realized this, the next step was to think. He added that his goal with Walter White was to him from Mr. Chips into Scarface. The show title is based on a Southern colloquialism meaning, among other things, raising hell, according to Time entertainment editor Lily Rothman, the term has a broader meaning and is an old phrase which connotes more violence than raising hell does. As the series progressed, Gilligan and the staff of Breaking Bad made Walter increasingly unsympathetic. Gilligan said during the run of the series, Hes going from being a protagonist to an antagonist and we want to make people question who theyre pulling for, and why. Cranston said by the season, I think Walts figured out its better to be a pursuer than the pursued. Hes well on his way to badass, while still pitching the show to studios, Gilligan was initially discouraged when he learned of the existing series Weeds and its similarities to the premise of Breaking Bad. While his producers convinced him that the show was different enough to still be successful, the network ordered nine episodes for the first season, but the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike limited the production to seven episodes. Once Gilligan recognized that this would mean wed always have to be avoiding the Sandia Mountains in shots directed toward the east and it was shot primarily on 35 mm film, with digital cameras employed as needed for additional angles, point of view shots and time-lapse photography. Breaking Bad reportedly cost $3 million per episode to produce, higher than the average cost for a cable program
13.
Decca Records
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Decca Records began as a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U. S. label was established in late 1934 by Lewis along with American Deccas first president Jack Kapp and later American Decca president Milton Rackmil. In 1937, as a result of anticipating Nazi aggression leading to World War II, Lewis sold American Decca, the British label was renowned for its development of recording methods, while the American company developed the concept of cast albums in the musical genre. Both wings are now part of the Universal Music Group, which is owned by Vivendi, the US Decca label was the foundation company that evolved into UMG. The name Decca was coined by Wilfred S. Samuel by merging the word Mecca with the initial D of their logo Dulcet or their trademark Dulcephone, Samuel, a linguist, chose Decca as a brand name as it was easy to pronounce in most languages. The name dates back to a gramophone called the Decca Dulcephone patented in 1914 by musical instrument makers Barnett Samuel. That company was renamed the Decca Gramophone Co. Ltd. Within years, Decca Records Ltd. was the second largest record label in the world, Decca bought the UK branch of Brunswick Records and continued to run it under that name. In the 1950s the American Decca studios were located in the Pythian Temple in New York City, in classical music, Decca had a long way to go from its modest beginnings to catch up with the established HMV and Columbia labels. The pre-war classical repertoire on Decca was not extensive, but was select, heinrich Schlusnus made important pre-war lieder recordings for Decca. John Culshaw, who joined Decca in 1946 in a junior post and he revolutionised recording – of opera, in particular. Hitherto, the practice had been to put microphones in front of the performers, Culshaw was determined to make recordings that would be a theatre of the mind, making the listeners experience at home not second best to being in the opera house, but a wholly different experience. To that end he got the singers to move about in the studio as they would onstage, used sound effects and different acoustics. His skill, coupled with Decca engineering, took Decca into the first flight of recording companies and his pioneering recording of Wagners Der Ring des Nibelungen conducted by Georg Solti was a huge artistic and commercial success. In the wake of Deccas lead, artists such as Herbert von Karajan, Joan Sutherland, however, Culshaw was, strictly speaking, not the first to do this. Far from being a mere rendering of the score, the 3-LP album set used sound effects to recreate the production as if the listener were watching a stage performance of the work. Until 1947, American Decca issued British Decca classical music recordings, afterwards, British Decca took over distribution through its new American subsidiary London Records. American Decca actively re-entered the classical music field in 1950 with distribution deals from Deutsche Grammophon, American Decca began issuing its own classical music recordings in 1956 when Israel Horowitz joined Decca to head its classical music operations
14.
Sea Cliff, New York
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The Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York. As of the United States 2010 Census, the population was 4,995. The village is part of the North Shore School District, Sea Cliff is located at 40°50′47″N 73°38′40″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 2.0 square miles. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 8% of the population, as of the census of 2000, there were 5,066 people,2,013 households, and 1,356 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,655.1 people per square mile, there were 2,082 housing units at an average density of 1,913.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 94. 83% White,1. 68% African American,0. 10% Native American,1. 22% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 95% from other races, and 1. 20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 76% of the population,26. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.06. In the village, the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,4. 6% from 18 to 24,27. 9% from 25 to 44,27. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males, the median income for a household in the village was $78,501, and the median income for a family was $100,576. Males had an income of $65,469 versus $41,146 for females. The per capita income for the village was $41,707, about 2. 1% of families and 2. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0. 7% of those under age 18 and 10. 6% of those age 65 or over. Several buildings in Sea Cliff, mostly Victorian houses, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, media related to Sea Cliff, New York at Wikimedia Commons seacliff-ny. gov—official website of the village
15.
Long Island
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Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U. S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties, Kings and Queens to the west, then Nassau, more generally, Long Island may also refer collectively both to the main Island as well as its nearby, surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is the Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut, across the Sound, to the northwest, lies Westchester County on mainland New York. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from the New York City borough of Staten Island and the U. S. state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, to the east lie Block Island and numerous smaller islands. Its population density is 5,595.1 inhabitants per square mile, Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse. Some of the wealthiest and most expensive neighborhoods in the Western Hemisphere are located on Long Island, nine bridges and 13 tunnels connect Brooklyn and Queens to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut, the Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. At the time of European contact, the Lenape people inhabited the western end of Long Island, giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with the Lenapes, after entering what is now New York Bay in 1524. In 1609, the English navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor, adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that both Manhattan and Long Island are islands. Native American land deeds recorded by the Dutch from 1636 state that the Indians referred to Long Island as Sewanhaka, sewan was one of the terms for wampum, and is also translated as loose or scattered, which may refer either to the wampum or to Long Island. The name t Lange Eylandt alias Matouwacs appears in Dutch maps from the 1650s, later, the English referred to the land as Nassau Island, after the Dutch Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. It is unclear when the name Nassau Island was discontinued, the very first settlements on Long Island were by settlers from England and its colonies in present-day New England. Lion Gardiner settled nearby Gardiners Island, the first settlement on the geographic Long Island itself was on October 21,1640, when Southold was established by the Rev. John Youngs and settlers from New Haven, Connecticut. Peter Hallock, one of the settlers, drew the long straw and was granted the honor to step ashore first and he is considered the first New World settler on Long Island. Southampton was settled in the same year, Hempstead followed in 1644, East Hampton in 1648, Huntington in 1653, and Brookhaven in 1655. While the eastern region of Long Island was first settled by the English, until 1664, the jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County. The Dutch founded six towns in present-day Brooklyn beginning in 1645 and these included, Brooklyn, Gravesend, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Bushwick
16.
Irish people
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The Irish people are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 9,000 years according to archaeological studies, for most of Irelands recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland, the people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities, including Irish, Northern Irish, British, or some combination thereof. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine, although Irish was their main language in the past, today the huge majority of Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, there have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Irelands conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, the 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the fathers of Europe, followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the father of chemistry, famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker and James Joyce, notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Robert McClure, Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides, many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. The population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are mainly in English-speaking countries, especially the United Kingdom. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico and New Zealand, the United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears, in its summary of their article Who were the Celts. The National Museum Wales notes It is possible that genetic studies of ancient. However, early studies have, so far, tended to produce implausible conclusions from very small numbers of people and using outdated assumptions about linguistics, nineteenth century anthropology studied the physical characteristics of Irish people in minute detail. During the past 10,000 years of inhabitation, Ireland has witnessed some different peoples arrive on its shores, the ancient peoples of Ireland—such as the creators of the Céide Fields and Newgrange—are almost unknown. Neither their languages nor terms they used to describe themselves have survived, as late as the middle centuries of the 1st millennium the inhabitants of Ireland did not appear to have a collective name for themselves. Ireland itself was known by a number of different names, including Banba, Fódla, Ériu by the islanders, Iouerne and Hiverne to the Greeks, other Latin names for people from Ireland in Classic and Mediaeval sources include Attacotti and Gael
17.
The Left Banke
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The Left Banke is an American baroque pop band, formed in New York City in 1965. They are best remembered for their two US hit singles, Walk Away Renée and Pretty Ballerina, the band often used what the music press referred to as baroque string arrangements, which led to their music being variously termed as Bach-rock or baroque rock. The bands vocal harmonies borrowed from such as The Beatles, The Zombies. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine placed Walk Away Renée at #220 in its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Browns father, Harry Lookofsky, a well-known session violinist, ran a studio in New York and took an interest in the bands music, after some initial recording sessions, David-Schierhorst was ousted, with Cameron switching to drums and Jeff Winfield on guitar. Browns song, Walk Away Renee, was sold to Smash Records, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, radio and Smash Records ultimately removed their support from the single, which subsequently failed to make the Billboard Hot 100. And Suddenly was eventually recorded by a group called The Cherry People, in late 1967, the group reunited and recorded more material, including the single Desiree. Brown left the group shortly thereafter and was replaced for touring purposes by Emmett Lake. Cameron, Finn and Martin continued to record and tour, with Tom Feher replacing Lake on keyboards, the songs recorded by various incarnations of the group in 1967 and 1968 were assembled into a second LP, The Left Banke Too, which was released in November 1968. This album featured backing vocals by a young Steven Tyler on Nice To See You, My Friend Today, the band continued playing live in 1969, without Martin, but soon disbanded due to lack of success and financial problems. Later that same year, Brown and Martin reunited in the studio to another single as The Left Banke. In 1971, Brown, Cameron, Finn and Martin reunited briefly to two songs for the movie Hot Parts. The songs, Love Songs in the Night and Two by Two, were released as a Steve Martin solo single on Buddah Records, in 1972, producer Les Fradkin offered to produce the group for a project on Bell Records. Although these sessions were not released at the time, one of the songs, I Could Make It Last Forever, composed by Fradkin and it was a rare recording since it featured Caro, Finn, Cameron and Brown, along with Browns father, violinist Harry Lookofsky. Fradkin sang and played 12-string guitar on the sessions, in 1978, Martin, Cameron and Finn reunited as The Left Banke to record an albums worth of material which unfortunately was not released at the time. However, a single from these 1978 sessions, Queen of Paradise, was released in late 1978 with modest success, the album was eventually issued by Relix Records in 1986 under the title Strangers on a Train. However, the album did little to restore the popularity of the group, after leaving The Left Banke in 1967, Michael Brown helped form the band, Montage. Although Brown was never a member of Montage, his presence is unmistakable in its music
18.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
19.
Carnegie Mellon University
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Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, in 1967, the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to form Carnegie Mellon University. The universitys 140-acre main campus is 3 miles from Downtown Pittsburgh, john Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy, and the School of Computer Science. The university also has campuses in Qatar and Silicon Valley, with degree-granting programs in six continents, Carnegie Mellon consistently ranks in the top 25 in the national U. S. News & World Report rankings. It is home to the world’s first degree-granting Robotics and Drama programs, the university spent $242 million on research in 2015. Carnegie Mellon counts 13,650 students from 114 countries, over 100,000 living alumni, Carnegies vision was to open a vocational training school for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburghers. Carnegie was inspired for the design of his school by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, in 1912 the institution changed its name to Carnegie Institute of Technology and began offering four-year degrees. The Mellon Institute of Industrial Research was founded in 1913 by banker and industrialist brothers Andrew, Mellon in honor of their father, Thomas Mellon, the patriarch of the Mellon family. The Institute began as an organization which performed work for government. In 1927, the Mellon Institute incorporated as an independent nonprofit, in 1938, the Mellon Institutes iconic building was completed and it moved to its new, and current, location on Fifth Avenue. In 1967, with support from Paul Mellon, Carnegie Tech merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to become Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellons coordinate womens college, the Margaret Morrison Carnegie College closed in 1973 and merged its academic programs with the rest of the university. The industrial research mission of the Mellon Institute survived the merger as the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute and continued doing work on contract to industry, CMRI closed in 2001 and its programs were subsumed by other parts of the university or spun off into independent entities. Carnegie Mellons 140-acre main campus is three miles from downtown Pittsburgh, between Schenley Park and the Squirrel Hill, Shadyside, and Oakland neighborhoods, Carnegie Mellon is bordered to the west by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon owns 81 buildings in the Oakland and Squirrel Hill neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, for decades the center of student life on campus was Skibo Hall, the Universitys student union. Built in the 1950s, Skibo Halls design was typical of Mid-Century Modern architecture, the original Skibo was razed in the summer of 1994 and replaced by a new student union that is fully wi-fi enabled. Known as University Center, the building was dedicated in 1996, in 2014, Carnegie Mellon re-dedicated the University Center as the Cohon University Center in recognition of the eighth president of the university, Jared Cohon. A large grassy area known as the Cut forms the backbone of the campus, the Cut was formed by filling in a ravine with soil from a nearby hill that was leveled to build the College of Fine Arts building. The northwestern part of the campus was acquired from the United States Bureau of Mines in the 1980s, the sculpture was controversial for its placement, the general lack of input that the campus community had, and its aesthetic appeal
20.
The Credibility Gap
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The Credibility Gap was a satirical comedy team active from 1968 through 1979. KRLA1110 news director Lew Irwin formed The Credibility Gap in 1968 with his radio colleagues John Gilliland, Thom Beck, Richard Beebe, and folk singer Len Chandler. They took their name from the Vietnam-era term Credibility gap, a euphemism for political dishonesty, in 1968 they released An Album Of Political Pornography for Blue Thumb, consisting of highlights from their radio sketches. Thom Beck left in late 1968, and was replaced by Harry Shearer, then Lew Irwin left a few months later, being replaced by David L. Lander in February,1969. In 1969, The Credibility Gap performed on KRLAs Pop Chronicles music documentary, by this point, Gilliand and Chandler had left, to be replaced by Bob Goodwin. This left Beebe the only member remaining, and as the various professional newsreaders left. Goodman stayed with the group for about a year, but by late 1970, KRLA dropped The Credibility Gaps show in 1970, but Shearer found work as a disc jockey on freeform station KPPC and The Credibility Gap continued their on-air performances there. In 1971, the released the album Woodschtick, consisting of two long pieces that were somewhat in the style of The Firesign Theatre. Also writing and performing on the album was Michael McKean, who would be promoted to full membership after the albums release, guest performers Christopher Ross, Morgan Upton and Albert Brooks would also work with the group during this era. Mark Deming writes of this transition, n late 1968, Thom Beck left the group, joining the Credibility Gap in their absence were Harry Shearer. and David L. Lander. By 1970, Len Chandler and John Gilliland had drifted away from the Credibility Gap, Michael McKean, had joined the team, though the troupes relationship with KRLA had soured and their show had been shrunk from 15 minutes to a mere 180 seconds. However, after Shearer landed a gig as a disc jockey on an FM free form outlet, KPPC, the Credibility Gap found a new home on the station. KPPC-FM fired all of its airstaff, including the members of The Credibility Gap, no longer radio regulars, the group started performing in various clubs and concert venues. They also returned to the studio in 1972 to record a single for Warner Brothers. The Credibility Gap followed up this recording with the 1974 album A Great Gift Idea, McKean and Shearer played guitar and keyboards, respectively, on the album, augmented by members of the band Little Feat. The Credibility Gap continued as an entity through 1979, but after 1976 individual members tended to focus on other projects, as well, selections from their earlier radio material were compiled on 1977s The Bronze Age of Radio. Shearer became a writer/performer on Saturday Night Live in September,1979 and this necessitated Shearers move to New York and essentially brought The Credibility Gaps activities to a close. Three of the members held a reunion at the Museum of Television
21.
Harry Shearer
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Harry Julius Shearer is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, writer, musician, author, radio host, director and producer. He is known for his roles on The Simpsons, his work on Saturday Night Live. Born in Los Angeles, California, Shearer began his career as a child actor, from 1969 to 1976, Shearer was a member of The Credibility Gap, a radio comedy group. Following the breakup of the group, Shearer co-wrote the film Real Life with Albert Brooks and he was a cast member on Saturday Night Live on two occasions, between 1979–80, and 1984–85. Shearer co-created, co-wrote and co-starred in the 1984 film This Is Spinal Tap, a satirical rockumentary, which became a cult hit. Shearer has appeared in films, including A Mighty Wind. Since 1983, Shearer has been the host of the public radio comedy/music program Le Show, a hodgepodge of satirical commentary, music. Shearer has won a Primetime Emmy Award, has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the radio category and he has been married to singer-songwriter Judith Owen since 1993. He is currently artist in residence at Loyola University, New Orleans, Shearer was born December 23,1943 in Los Angeles, the son of Dora Warren, a book-keeper, and Mack Shearer. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Austria and Poland, starting when Shearer was four years old, he had a piano teacher whose daughter worked as a child actress. The piano teacher later decided to make a change and become a childrens agent. The teacher asked Shearers parents for permission to him to an audition. Several months later, she called Shearers parents and told them that she had gotten Shearer an audition for the radio show The Jack Benny Program, Shearer received the role when he was seven years old. He described Jack Benny as very warm and approachable He was a guy who dug the idea of people on the show getting laughs. Shearer made his debut in the 1953 film Abbott and Costello Go to Mars. Later that year, he made his first big performance in The Robe. Throughout his childhood and teenage years he worked in television, film, in 1957, Shearer played the precursor to the Eddie Haskell character in the pilot episode of the television series Leave It to Beaver. After the filming, Shearers parents said they did not want him to be a regular in a series, instead they wanted him to just do occasional work so that he could have a normal childhood
22.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
23.
Dr. Demento
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Barret Eugene Barry Hansen, better known as Dr. Hansen created the Demento persona in 1970 while working at Los Angeles station KPPC-FM. After Hansen played Transfusion by Nervous Norvus on the radio, DJ The Obscene Steven Clean said that Hansen had to be demented to play that and his weekly show went into syndication in 1974 and from 1978 to 1992 was syndicated by the Westwood One Radio Network. Broadcast syndication of the ended on June 6,2010. Hansen has a degree in ethnomusicology, and has written magazine articles, Hansen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of an amateur pianist. He claims to have started his vast record collection as early as age 12 and he attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he was promoted to Program Director of KRRC in 1960 and General Manager in 1961. He wrote his thesis on Alban Bergs opera Wozzeck and Claude Debussys opera Pelléas et Mélisande. He graduated in 1963, and later studied at UCLA, from which he earned a degree in folklore. After earning his masters degree, he lived for two years in a big house on a hill in Topanga Canyon with members of the rock band Spirit. He also served briefly as a roadie for Spirit, and for Canned Heat, before being hired as an A&R man, or talent scout, the Doctor began his weekly radio show while working for Specialty, and he later worked for Warner Bros. Hansen created the persona of Dr. Demento in 1970 while working at Pasadena station KPPC-FM, the positive listener response to the offbeat novelties that Hansen included in his rock oldies show led to his eventually turning it into an all-novelty show. At the end of 1971, he moved to KMET in Los Angeles, from 1972 to 1983, he performed a four-hour live show on KMET. From about 1974 on, the local Los Angeles market was the full 4 hours, the Westwood One period marked the height of the shows national popularity, it was carried in most major radio markets, airing mainly on FM rock stations, usually late on Sunday evenings. The producer Westwood One assigned to work with Hansen from 1978 to 1982 was Lynnsey Guererro, in 1982, he handed off the show to a new producer from San Diego, professional journalist Robert Young. Young accompanied Dr. Demento to Portland, Ore and he left the radio network in 1990 during a business downturn. In January 2014 Young released an e-book titled Producing Demento, about his memories of working on the show, from 1992 to 2000, the show was syndicated by On the Radio Broadcasting. Hansen, under the name Talonian Productions, handled syndication himself from 2000 until discontinuing syndication in 2010, between the mid-1970s and the mid-1990s, Hansen continued to do live broadcasts on KMET and other Los Angeles area stations, in addition to his weekly taped syndicated show. He also made television appearances, on such shows as The Gong Show, Bobbys World and The Simpsons. The syndicated radio show started with an hour of randomly chosen records
24.
Happy Days
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Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15,1974, to September 24,1984, on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presents a vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States. The series was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions and Henderson Productions in association with Paramount Television, Happy Days was one of the highest-rated shows of the 1970s. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, in later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzies young cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. Each of the seasons of the series roughly tracks the eleven years from 1955 to 1965, inclusive. The show is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008, the leather jacket worn by Winkler during the series was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History. With season four, Al Molinaro was added as Al Delvecchio, Al Molinaro also played Als twin brother Father Anthony Delvecchio, a Catholic priest. Al eventually married Chachis mother and Father Delvecchio served in the wedding of Joanie to Chachi in the series finale, the most major character changes occurred after season five with the addition of Scott Baio as Fonzies cousin, Charles Chachi Arcola. Originally, the character Spike was supposed to be the character who became Chachi, after Ron Howard left the series, Ted McGinley joined the cast as Roger Phillips, the new physical education teacher at Jefferson High and nephew to Howard and Marion. He took over from the departed Richie Cunningham character, acting as counterpoint to Fonzie, both actors were originally credited as guest stars but were promoted to the main cast during season ten after several series regulars left the show. The real focus of the series was now on the Joanie and Chachi characters, and often finding ways to incorporate Fonzie into them as a shoulder to cry on, advice-giver, and savior as needed. Billy Warlock joined the cast in season 10 as Rogers brother Flip and they were intended as replacements for Erin Moran and Scott Baio and were credited as part of the semi-regular cast. Both characters left with the return of Moran and Baio, following the cancellation of Joanie Loves Chachi, Al Molinaro also left Happy Days in season 10 for Joanie Loves Chachi. Pat Morita then returned to the cast as Arnold in his absence, in season 11, the story line of Richie and Lori Beth is given closure with the two-part episode Welcome Home. Richie returns home from the Army, but barely has time to unpack when he learns that his parents have lined up a job interview at the Milwaukee Journal for him. However, they are taken aback when he tells them he prefers to take his chances in California to become a Hollywood screenwriter. They remind him of his responsibilities and while Richie gives in, he becomes angry and discontent, after a confrontation that ends with a conversation with Fonzie, he decides to face his family and declare his intentions. While somewhat reluctant at first, they support him and bid Richie, Lori Beth, Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the first seven years of the series
25.
Young Doctors in Love
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Young Doctors in Love is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Garry Marshall. Similar in tone to the Airplane, movies, it spoofs a variety of medical shows and has many guest stars from ABC soap operas. The film stars Sean Young, Michael McKean, Harry Dean Stanton, Dabney Coleman and it also features Demi Moore in one of her early film roles. This is the first feature directed by Marshall, as well as his first collaboration with Hector Elizondo, the two became lifelong friends, with Marshall referring to Elizondo as his lucky charm and casting him in a role – sometimes minor – in every one of Marshalls films. A brilliant young trainee cant stand the sight of blood, a doctor romances the head nurse in order to get the key to the drugs cabinet. Theres a mafioso on the loose disguised as a woman - in other words all the ingredients present and correct. It received a review in The New York Times, which said there are enough bright moments to make this a passable hot-weather entertainment. It maintains a 31% rotten rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews, official website at MGM. com Young Doctors in Love at the Internet Movie Database Young Doctors in Love at AllMovie Young Doctors in Love at Rotten Tomatoes Young Doctors in Love at Box Office Mojo
26.
Used Cars
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Used Cars is a 1980 American satirical comedy film, co-written by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, and directed by Zemeckis. Rudy Russo is a car salesman working for affable but monumentally unsuccessful used car dealer Luke Fuchs. Lukes principal rival, located directly across the street, is his more prosperous brother, Roy L. Fuchs, who is scheming to take over Lukes lot. The film also stars Deborah Harmon and Gerrit Graham, and the supporting cast includes Frank McRae, David L. Lander, Michael McKean, Al Lewis, Dub Taylor, Harry Northup, Dick Miller, and Sarah Wills. The movie was directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and his writing partner Bob Gale. The executive producers were Steven Spielberg and John Milius, the original music score was composed by Patrick Williams. Filmed primarily in Mesa, Arizona, the movie was released on July 11,1980, although not a box-office success at the time, it has since developed cult film status due to its dark, cynical humor and the Zemeckis style. It was marketed with the tagline Like new, great looking and it was the only Zemeckis film to be rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America until 2012s Flight and 2016s Allied. Rudy Russo is a young and cunning used car salesman in Phoenix with aspirations of running for the state Senate. He works at the struggling New Deal used car lot owned by the elderly Luke Fuchs, meanwhile, across the street, Lukes younger brother Roy L. Fuchs is desperate to keep his used car lot from being demolished and replaced by a proposed freeway exit. After the Chevy crashes back into the lot, Luke dies of a heart attack and they explain to Roy that Luke went on a vacation to Miami. The commercial results in New Deal receiving a number of customers the next day. In one deal, Jeff cons a family into buying a wagon by having the lots mascot dog Toby fake being run over during a test drive. When Roy lures customers in his lot by hiring circus animals, Rudys gang broadcasts another commercial in the middle of Jimmy Carters presidential address, destroying some of Roys used cars in the process, most notably his prized Mercedes SL. In retaliation, Roy storms into New Deal and attacks Jeff before discovering Lukes resting place. Roy brings the police to New Deal to dig through the backyard the next day, but Jim has taken the Edsel out of the pit, everyone believes Luke was killed in the fiery accident, and the evidence is destroyed. Roy believes he now has possession of New Deal, but Rudy points out that Barbara is effectively the new owner, Barbara discovers the fiasco over her fathers death and fires Rudy. Rudys luck changes when he wins a bet on a football game, once he discovers that Barbara has been sued for false advertising, Rudy convinces her to tell the court she has a mile of cars
27.
Clue (film)
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Clue is a 1985 American ensemble mystery comedy film based on the board game of the same name. The film was produced by Debra Hill, in keeping with the nature of the board game, the theatrical release included three possible endings, with different theaters receiving one of the three endings. In the films video release, all three endings were included. The film initially received mixed reviews and did poorly at the box office, ultimately grossing $14,643,997 in the United States, though it later developed a cult following. Clue was Paramounts first adaptation of a now-current Hasbro property, though at that time Cluedo was owned by Waddingtons, Hasbro later bought both Waddingtons and Parker Brothers. This predated by 19 years Paramounts deal to other films. Universal Studios announced that a remake was in the works with a date set for 2013. In 1954 New England, six strangers are invited to a party at a secluded New England mansion known as Hill House, Miss Scarlet is the owner of an illegal escort service in Washington, D. C. He now works at the Pentagon on a fusion bomb. Mrs. White is a black widow who was drawn in to avoid a scandal regarding the mysterious death of her nuclear physicist husband. She was previously married to an illusionist, who disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Mr. Green is a homosexual, a secret that would cost him his job with the State Department if it were widely known, finally, Wadsworth reveals Mr. Boddys secret to the guests, he is the one who has been blackmailing them. As the guests begin to shout at Mr. Boddy, Wadsworth explains that he has gathered all the guests together to confront Mr. Boddy and turn him over to the police. Confronted by Wadsworths revelation, Mr. Boddy reminds the guests that, if turned over to the police, he can reveal their secrets while in police custody. Mr. Boddy then distributes to each guest a wrapped gift box which, when opened, reveal one of six weapons, a wrench, a candlestick, a pipe, a knife, a revolver. Mr. Boddy suggests that use the weapons provided to kill Wadsworth and destroy the evidence. Mr. Boddy turns out the lights in the room, creating a moment of chaos in which someone shoots the revolver, when the lights come back on, Mr. Boddy is lying on the ground and is pronounced dead by Professor Plum. Everyone denies killing Mr. Boddy, and Wadsworth reveals that he arranged the event in revenge for his wife who had committed suicide after being blackmailed by Mr. Boddy for having Socialist friends
28.
Planes, Trains and Automobiles
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Planes, Trains and Automobiles is a 1987 American comedy film written, produced and directed by John Hughes. They share a three-day odyssey of misadventures trying to get Neal home to Chicago from New York City in time for Thanksgiving with his family, Neal Page is an advertising executive on a business trip in New York City trying to return to his family in Chicago for Thanksgiving. After a meeting ends without a decision, Neal attempts to hail a cab, Del Griffith, a traveling salesman who sells shower curtain rings, has unknowingly taken a taxi that Neal bought from an attorney. The two meet again at La Guardia Airport where they board a plane to OHare and their plane is diverted to Wichita due to a blizzard in Chicago. The pair resort to various means to try and reach Chicago, forced to share a room in a cheap motel on the first night, Neal loses his temper with Del and lambastes him. In response, Del admits that he regards Neal as a cynic and says that despite how Neal feels, he likes himself and his wife. Neal calms down and the two men go to sleep, during the night their cash is stolen by a burglar. The following day they attempt to reach Chicago by train, but the locomotive breaks down, after reaching Jefferson City, Del sells his remaining shower curtain rings to buy bus tickets, but neglects to tell Neal that they are only valid to St. Louis. Upon arrival, Neal again offends Del over lunch and the two part ways, Neal attempts to rent a car, but finds the space at the distant rental lot empty. After walking back to the terminal, Neal vents his anger at the rental agent to no avail. In desperation, he attempts to hail a taxi to Chicago, but insults the dispatcher, Del arrives in time to rescue Neal with his own rental car. While driving, they find themselves arguing again, the situation is made worse when Del nearly gets them killed on a freeway after driving in the wrong direction, and driving between two semi-trailer trucks. While they take a moment to themselves by the side of the road. Neal initially gloats over Dels predicament, thinking that he is liable for the damage to the car, Neals amusement turns to anger when Del reveals he used Neals credit card to rent the car after their cards were accidentally switched. With his credit cards destroyed in the car fire, Neal sells his watch to a motel clerk to pay for a room for himself. Del is broke and attempts to sleep in the car, which has lost its roof in the fire, Neal eventually feels sympathy for Del and invites him in from the cold and snowy night. Neal relaxes as the two consume Dels collection of airline liquors and laugh about the events of the past two days, the pair resume driving to Chicago the next morning, but their badly damaged car is impounded by the police. They finally make it to Chicago, two days late, in the back of a refrigerator truck and they part ways at the LaSalle/Van Buren CTA station
29.
Earth Girls Are Easy
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Earth Girls Are Easy is a 1988 American musical romantic-comedy science fiction film that was produced by Tony Garnett, Duncan Henderson, and Terrence E. McNally and was directed by Julien Temple. The film stars Geena Davis, Julie Brown, Jeff Goldblum, Damon Wayans, the plot is based on the song Earth Girls Are Easy from Julie Browns 1984 mini-album Goddess in Progress. Three furry aliens—the blue Mac, the yellow Zeebo, and the red Wiploc–are traveling in a space ship and its been a long time since theyve had female companionship, and they receive a broadcast showing human females. They are titillated by these hairless, shapely creatures, and when they discover that the broadcast came from Earth, they set off, valley Girl Valerie Gail is a manicurist at the Curl Up & Dye hair salon. When she feels her cold fiancé Dr. Ted Gallagher is slipping away, she decides to seduce him by dressing up in a corset, suspenders, underwear, stockings. Instead, she catches him cheating on her with his nurse and she kicks him out and refuses to see him again. The next day, she is sunbathing when the spaceship crash lands in her pool. She befriends them and calls her friend Woody to come and drain the pool so the aliens can work on their ship and get it flying again. Meanwhile, she brings them into her home, and, though there is a barrier at first. Wanting them to blend in to their surroundings, Valerie takes them to her friend Candy Pink at the salon, after shaving off the aliens fur, they turn out to be human looking and attractive. They all go out, and party at Los Angeles nightclubs where their looks, athleticism, Valerie and Mac begin to fall for each other and go back to Valeries place. There, they find out that they are compatible and make love. The next day the pool is drained, and Zeebo and Wiploc are working on their ship when Woody stops by and offers to take them to the beach. They agree, and, after holding up a convenience store, Zeebo and Wiploc are soon driving down the L. A. Freeway the wrong way, in reverse. Mac finds out his crew mates are in trouble and goes to help, Valerie smashes the police vehicle to get arrested, too, so she can go with Mac. The police pursuit ends in a crash, and Zeebo and Wiploc are taken to the emergency room, there, they are examined by Ted, who discovers they have two hearts. They then escape back to Valeries place where work continues on the space ship, meanwhile, Valerie and Ted reconcile and plan to go to Las Vegas to get married right away. Mac is heartbroken and prepares the ship for take-off, Valerie comes out to say good-bye, followed by Ted, who discovers the ship
30.
Short Circuit 2
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Short Circuit 2 is a 1988 American science fiction comedy film, the sequel to the 1986 film Short Circuit. It was directed by Kenneth Johnson, and starred Fisher Stevens as Ben Jahveri, Michael McKean as Fred Ritter, Cynthia Gibb as Sandy Banatoni, filming took place in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Benjamin Jahrvi is peddling sophisticated toy robots that he makes by hand on the corners of New York City. One robot wanders away from his stand and makes its way into the office of Sandy Banatoni, Sandy tracks Ben down and orders 1,000 of his toys. Overhearing this offer is con artist Fred Ritter, who smooth-talks his way into becoming Bens business partner in the deal, the thieves attack Ben and Fred and destroy their equipment, preventing them from completing Sandys order. However, Bens friends Stephanie and Newton have sent Johnny 5, when the thieves return, Johnny defends against them, then sets up self-defense mechanisms should they try to break in. Johnny sets to work mass-producing the toys to meet Sandys deadline and he runs afoul of many New Yorkers, who are rude and unfriendly. However, he befriends one man, Oscar Baldwin, who works at the bank across the street from Ben, Fred, having learned that Johnny is worth $11 million, tries to sell the robot. Discovering this, Johnny escapes into the city, is taken into custody by the police, and is placed in the goods warehouse. Johnny uses his abilities to help Ben court Sandy. With time running out before the Vanderveer Collection is moved from the bank and it is revealed that Oscar is the mastermind of the heist, and he tricks Johnny into finishing the tunnel leading to the vault. Ben and Fred get Sandy to save them, using polyphonic renditions of songs that Ben learned on his date with her as clues to their location, having discovered the Vanderveer Collection, Johnny deduces Oscars true intentions but is attacked by the thieves and is severely damaged. Fred attempts to him by breaking into a Radio Shack. Johnny then locates Oscar and traps his accomplices, however, Oscar flees and steals a boat. Johnny uses a crane to capture Oscar, who is deprived of the stolen collection. After Johnnys main power supply runs dry, Ben keeps him alive by using a defibrillator, later scenes show Johnny as a celebrity and Sandy, Ben, and Fred establishing a large business called Input Incorporated, using Johnny 5 as the mascot. The film concludes with Ben and Johnny becoming US citizens, asked about how he feels by reporters, Johnny, now painted gold, jumps into the air, shouting that he feels, Alive. The film received mixed reviews at the time of release
31.
Kiefer Sutherland
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Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland is a British born Canadian actor, producer, director, and singer-songwriter. His portrayal of Jack Bauer on the Fox drama series 24 brought him an Emmy Award, Sutherland got his first leading film role in a Canadian drama The Bay Boy, which earned him a Genie Award nomination. Sutherland was inducted to Hollywood Walk of Fame and Canadas Walk of Fame and was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from Zurich Film Festival. Sutherland was born in St Marys Hospital, Paddington, London, to Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas and he has a twin sister, Rachel. His maternal grandfather was Scottish-born Canadian politician and former Premier of Saskatchewan Tommy Douglas, Sutherlands family moved to Corona, California. In 1975, Sutherland moved with his mother to Toronto and he attended elementary school at Crescent Town Elementary School, St. Clair Junior High East York, and John G. Althouse Middle School in Toronto. He also spent a semester at Regina Mundi Catholic College in London, Ontario, Sutherland told Jimmy Kimmel Live. that he and Robert Downey, Jr. were roommates for three years when he first moved to Hollywood to pursue his career in acting. He and Downey, Jr. also starred together in the film 1969, Sutherland made his screen debut in Max Dugan Returns, in which his father Donald Sutherland also starred. Sutherland was one of the contenders for the role of Glen Lantz in the original A Nightmare on Elm Street, after receiving critical acclaim for his role as Donald Campbell in The Bay Boy, Sutherland moved to Hollywood. Stand by Me was the first film Sutherland made in the United States, in the film, directed by Rob Reiner, he played a neighborhood bully in a coming-of-age story about a search for a dead body. Before that, he played a silent, supporting character, as one of Sean Penns friends who goes up against Christopher Walken in James Foleys crime-thriller At Close Range. His film Promised Land, with Meg Ryan, was the first film to be commissioned by the Sundance Film Festival and his role as vampire David in The Lost Boys is one of his iconic roles in his career reviews by many critics and audiences. In the Western film Young Guns, he starred alongside Emilio Estevez and he was considered for the role of Robin in Batman, alongside Michael Keaton, in the early production before the character was deleted from the shooting script. He went on to star again with his close friend Lou Diamond Phillips and that same year, he and his father appeared at the 61st Academy Awards as presenters of the Academy Honorary Award to the National Film Board of Canada. In the sequel Young Guns II, Sutherland continued to play Doc alongside some of the original cast and it is the only sequel to a feature film he has starred in. Sutherland did not make a film in 1991, in a recent interview, he said he declined the offer of Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role in the movie My Own Private Idaho, a decision that he regretted. He hosted Saturday Night Live instead, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In The Vanishing, he starred alongside Jeff Bridges as a husband seeking his wife three years after she mysteriously vanished, in The Three Musketeers, Sutherland played the central character of Athos
32.
Dennis Hopper
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Dennis Lee Hopper was an American actor, filmmaker, photographer and artist. He attended the Actors Studio, made his first television appearance in 1954, in the next ten years he made a name in television, and by the end of the 1960s had appeared in several films. Hopper also began a prolific and acclaimed photography career in the 1960s, Hopper made his directorial film debut with Easy Rider, which he and co-star Peter Fonda wrote with Terry Southern. The film earned Hopper a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best First Work, Film critic Matthew Hays notes that, no other persona better signifies the lost idealism of the 1960s than that of Dennis Hopper. Hopper was unable to capitalize on his Easy Rider success for several years, in 1970 he filmed The Last Movie, cowritten by Stewart Stern and photographed by Laszlo Kovacs in Peru, and completed production in 1971. On viewing the first release print, fresh from the lab, in his room at Universal, MCA founder Jules Stein rose from his chair and said. He worked on small projects until he found new fame for his role as the American photojournalist in Apocalypse Now. He went on to helm his second directorial work Out of the Blue, for which he was honored at Cannes. His third directorial outing came about through Colors, followed by an Emmy-nominated lead performance in Paris Trout, Hopper found even greater fame for portraying the villains of the films Super Mario Bros. Hoppers later work included a role in the short-lived television series Crash. Hopper has an additional credit in the completed, but unreleased Orson Welles drama The Other Side of the Wind. Hopper was born Dennis Lee Hopper on May 17,1936, in Dodge City, Kansas, Hopper had two brothers, Marvin and David. After World War II, the moved to Kansas City, Missouri. At the age of 13, Hopper and his moved to San Diego. Hopper was voted most likely to succeed at Helix High School and it was there that he developed an interest in acting, studying at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, and the Actors Studio in New York City. Hopper struck up a friendship with actor Vincent Price, whose passion for art influenced Hoppers interest in art and he was especially fond of the plays of William Shakespeare. Hopper was reported to have a role in Johnny Guitar in 1954. Hopper made his debut on film in two roles with James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause and Giant
33.
Movie
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
34.
Flashback (1990 film)
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Flashback is a 1990 American adventure comedy film starring Dennis Hopper, Kiefer Sutherland and Carol Kane, written by David Loughery and directed by Franco Amurri. The film received an R rating by the Motion Picture Association of America. Huey Walker, a hippie and a former New Left radical who has been on the run from the law for 20 years for something he did not do, disconnecting Spiro Agnews train car in Spokane, Washington. John Buckner is an FBI agent who is set to transport Walker back to Spokane for trial and their journey forces them to cross paths with a corrupt Sheriff Hightower and the two end up fleeing for their lives. As the story progresses, it is revealed that Buckner was raised on a communal farm, as Buckner learns to reconcile his past with his present, Walker does as well. Vincent Canby in The New York Times stated, About 30 minutes before its over, Flashback begins to go to pieces, like someone who has overdosed on carrot juice, the movie becomes woozy and sort of distraught. The Los Angeles Times stated, In Flashback, the casting of Dennis Hopper as an Abbie Hoffman-like radical prankster is weirdly dislocating, still primarily identified with Easy Rider, Hopper is the shaggy archetype of 60s hippie anomie. Despite his scraggly derelicts appearance and screw-loose antics, he is wised-up and he is, God help us, the conscience of the 60s. And thats where the dislocation comes in, Hopper represents the fringes of hippiedom for us, yet his character here is also being promoted as a robust politico—an Abbie Hoffman in Rip Van Winkle drag. Remarked Roger Ebert, Ive heard people complaining recently that once seen the coming attractions trailer for a movie. Thats the way I felt after seeing the trailer for Franco Amurris Flashback, screenwriter David Loughery cleverly builds this simple role reversal into an affecting vehicle for exploring identity and growth. Against all odds, the movie manages to avoid easy caricatures, unlike many such voyages through the past, this is one ’60s trip that’s worth repeating. The film debuted at number 5, the film produced a fairly popular soundtrack made up of a mix of 1960s and 1980s alternative music. A. D. A remake of the song, titled Kickin In, was recorded by Big Audio Dynamite II
35.
Grand (TV series)
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Grand is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from January 18 to December 27,1990. The series featured an ensemble cast including Pamela Reed, Bonnie Hunt, Michael McKean, John Randolph, Andrew Lauer, John Neville, Joel Murray and it was created by Michael Leeson, executive produced by Leeson, Marcy Carsey and Tom Werner. Grand was the story of three interconnected families and it was more of a satire of soap operas than it was a traditional situation comedy, the program often mocked the conventions of soap opera. The series followed three interrelated families, from different social classes, in rural Pennsylvania – the wealthy Weldons, the impoverished Pasetis, and the middle class Smithsons. In Weldons household were his son, Norris and the acerbic butler, Desmond. Weldons housekeeper Janice Paseti barely scraped by on what Weldon paid her, she lived in a home with her obese daughter. The pseudo-soap-opera format was abandoned after the episode of Season 2. A 26th episode was filmed but never aired and this program was less successful than the somewhat similar Soap, which had also featured an acid-tongued butler and mocked many of the same soap opera conventions. Grand ran for two shortened seasons in 1990, with thirteen episodes from January to April and twelve more from October to December 1990, prior to its cancellation. Frank Carroll Baker as Viva John Michael Bolger as Manny The series at one time was being considered as a comedy series given the size of its cast. By the time began on the last episode of the first season. But, being a production of the leading producers Carsey, Werner and Bill Cosby. Believing the show would be cancelled, the episode of the season was entitled Blow Off. The episode concluded with the town of Grand being devastated by a tornado, however the shows ratings proved to be high enough for NBC to finally order a second half-season. Unfortunately by the time the network made a decision, at least two cast members and several members of the production staff had already committed to other projects. The character of Wayne Kazmurski and all the characters and their story lines with the exception of Eddie Pasetti were dropped with no explanation. The reduction in cast and the change in production staff. The premise of the show changed from that of a complex comedy of manners to a simple situation comedy
36.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
37.
Morton & Hayes
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Morton & Hayes was a comedy television series, shown Wednesday nights at 8,30 on CBS. The series was centered on the work of a fictitious comedy duo. Six episodes were shown from July 24 to August 28,1991, the series pilot, entitled Partners In Life, aired approximately a year earlier on August 31,1990, featuring a somewhat modified premise and slightly different cast. Each 30-minute episode was presented in the style of a documentary, in which host Rob Reiner introduced another long-lost comedy film short starring Chick Morton, the films on the show were supposed to have been produced by producer Max King in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Each black-and-white Morton & Hayes short was played, not as a parody of old-time comedy, after each film, Reiner would discuss some of the behind the scenes stories about the making of the films, or the actors involved in them. Later episodes featured Reiner interviewing one or more of the actors from the picture, in the final two episodes, Reiner conducted an interview of the now-elderly Morton and Hayes, who were reunited on the show after years of estrangement. Reiners interviews revealed much more of the history of Morton & Hayes, Chick Morton was born Albert Mossberg, and Eddie Hayes real name was Vincenzo Giacomelli. They started in vaudeville sometime in the 1920s doing a magic and singing act, eventually creating the Chick and Eddie personas for which they would gain fame. They worked for producer Max King in the 1930s and 1940s, making over 100 short films, the duo made numerous films before their contract was terminated with King in 1948, their final film, Sheeps, had been a financial and critical flop. The team subsequently split up, against Chicks wishes, although they made reunion appearances and their last appearance was in 1968 on an episode of The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour. In the years after their break-up, Eddie left show business, at the same time, Chicks showbiz career faltered as he experienced a number of personal difficulties, including four paternity suits and time spent in jail for income tax evasion. Despite not having talked in over ten years at the time of the Reiner interviews, Chick, the show used a rep company approach to casting, often using the same actors in different roles from episode to episode. Seen frequently in various roles were Christopher Guest, Raye Birk, maria Parkinson and Allison Janney played Chick and Eddies wives in 2 episodes, though any continuity for their characters beyond the role of wife was deliberately ignored. Making one-time appearances in the series were Courteney Cox, Joe Flaherty, Penelope Ann Miller, Catherine OHara, as well, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Wendie Jo Sperber and David L. Lander all appeared as guests in the pilot. A pilot for the series, then called Partners In Life, was shown on August 31,1990, in this pilot, Kevin Pollak played Eddie Hayes, while Joe Guzaldo played Chick Morton. As in the series, Reiner introduced the show, but here in the character of Max King III, the grandson of the producer of the original Morton & Hayes films. This Is Spinal Tap, another mockumentary from many of the staff behind Morton & Hayes, including Rob Reiner, Christopher Guest. Morton & Hayes at the Internet Movie Database Morton & Hayes at TV. com
38.
Rob Reiner
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Robert Rob Reiner is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and activist. As an actor, Reiner first came to prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on All in the Family. That role earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s and he also directed the psychological horror-thriller Misery, the romantic comedy fantasy adventure The Princess Bride and the heavy metal mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap. Reiner was born to a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York, and is the son of Estelle Reiner, an actress, and Carl Reiner, a renowned comedian, actor, writer, producer and director. As a child, Reiner lived at 48 Bonnie Meadow Road in New Rochelle, New York and he studied at the UCLA Film School. In the late 1960s, Reiner acted in bit roles in television shows including Batman, The Andy Griffith Show, Room 222, Gomer Pyle, U. S. M. C. He began his writing for the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour in 1968 and 1969. The characters nickname became closely associated with him, even after he had left the role, Reiner has stated, I could win the Nobel Prize and theyd write Meathead wins the Nobel Prize. For his performance, Reiner won two Emmy Awards in addition to three other nominations and five Golden Globe nominations, after an extended absence, Reiner has recently returned to television acting with a recurring role on New Girl. In 1972, Reiner, Phil Mishkin, and Gerry Isenberg created the situation comedy The Super for ABC. Starring Richard S. Castellano, the show depicted the life of the harried Italian American superintendent of a New York City apartment building, Reiner and Mishkin co-wrote the premiere episode. Beginning in the 1980s, Reiner became known as a director of several successful Hollywood films that many different genres. Several of these film remains popular with fans and critics. He often collaborates with film editor Robert Leighton, whom he shares with fellow director-actor Christopher Guest as their go-to editor. Reiner has gone on to other critically and commercially successful films with his own company. These include several iconic films such as the romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally, subsequent films directed by Reiner include the political romance The American President, the courtroom drama Ghosts of Mississippi, and the uplifting comedy The Bucket List. He has also parodied himself with cameos in such as Dickie Roberts. Reiner has devoted time and energy to liberal activism in recent years
39.
Billy Crystal
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William Edward Billy Crystal is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian and television host. City Slickers, and Analyze This and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the Monsters and he has hosted the Academy Awards 9 times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012. Crystal was born at Doctors Hospital on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, as a toddler, he moved with his family to 549 East Park Avenue in Long Beach, New York, on Long Island. Jack Crystal was also a promoter, a producer. The three young brothers would entertain by reprising comedy routines from the likes of Bob Newhart, Rich Little, jazz artists such as Arvell Shaw, Pee Wee Russell, Eddie Condon, and Billie Holiday were often guests in the home. With the decline of Dixieland jazz circa 1963, Crystals father lost his business and his mother, Helen Crystal, died in 2001. Crystal never played baseball at Marshall because the program was suspended during his first year and he did not return to Marshall as a sophomore, instead deciding to stay in New York to be close to his future wife. He attended Nassau Community College with Janice, and later transferred to New York University and he graduated from NYU in 1970 with a BFA from its School of Fine Arts, not yet named for the Tisch family. One of his instructors was Martin Scorsese while Oliver Stone and Christopher Guest were among his classmates, Crystal returned to New York City. For four years he was part of a trio with two friends. They played colleges and coffee houses and Crystal worked as a teacher on Long Island. He later became an act and performed regularly at The Improv. In 1976, Crystal appeared on an episode of All in the Family and he was on the dais for The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast of Muhammad Ali on February 19,1976, where he did impressions of both Ali and sportscaster Howard Cosell. He was scheduled to appear on the first episode of NBC Saturday Night and he did perform on episode 17 of that first season, doing a monologue of an old jazz man capped by the line Can you dig it. Host Ron Nessen introduced him as Bill Crystal, Crystal was a guest on the first and the last episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, which concluded February 6,2014 after 22 seasons on the air. Crystals earliest prominent role was as Jodie Dallas on Soap, one of the first unambiguously homosexual characters in the cast of an American television series and he continued in the role during the series entire 1977–1981 run. In 1982, Billy Crystal hosted his own variety show, The Billy Crystal Comedy Hour on NBC, when Crystal arrived to shoot the fifth episode, he learned it had been canceled after only the first two aired. After hosting Saturday Night Live twice, on March 17,1984 and his most famous recurring sketch was his parody of Fernando Lamas, a smarmy talk-show host whose catchphrase, You look
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Rob Riggle
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Robert Allen Rob Riggle, Jr. is an American actor, comedian and retired United States Marine Corps Reserve officer. He has also co-starred in the Adult Swim comedy-action series NTSF, SD, in 2012, Riggle replaced Frank Caliendo for the comedy skit and prognostication portions of Fox NFL Sunday. Riggle was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of Sandra Sue and Robert Allen Riggle and his family moved to Overland Park, Kansas, when he was 2. He attended Shawnee Mission South High School, where he was involved in the schools radio and he was voted the most humorous in high school and graduated in 1988. Riggle later graduated from the University of Kansas, in 1992, with a B. A. in Theater and Film, while also attained his pilots license and he went on to earn a Master of Public Administration degree from Webster University in 1997. Riggle joined the Marines in 1990 after getting his pilots license, intending to become a Naval Aviator, in August 2007, Riggle went to Iraq to report for The Daily Show as well as to entertain the troops under the purview of the USO. Riggle was a public affairs officer with a New York City based unit, and served in Liberia, Kosovo, Albania, on January 1,2013, Riggle retired from the Marine Corps Reserve after 23 years of service. Perhaps the duos best known creation was their long running two-man show Kung Fu Grip which they performed at UCBT. The show was one of the acts in the 2004 HBO Comedy Arts Festival. Around this time began appearing together in several of Comedy Central and VH1s talking head commentary programs such as Best Week Ever. They also appeared in Bravo networks 100 Scariest Movie Moments special in 2004 and these appearances got the duo their first mainstream exposure to television viewers. The two were instant fan favorites among regular viewers of the VH1 commentary programs, Riggle, Huebel and most of their fellow castmates from Respecto Montalban also performed regularly in comedic sketches on Late Night with Conan OBrien throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s. The duos growing popularity landed them an audition on Saturday Night Live in the summer of 2004 and they auditioned together, though only Riggle ended up making the cut. After spending one season on Saturday Night Live from 2004 to 2005, Riggle soon joined Huebel, soon after, the two landed a holding deal at NBC in early 2006 to develop a new half-hour comedy program for the network, though nothing has come of it since then. In September 2006, Riggle joined The Daily Show as a regular correspondent, around the same time Huebel started developing Human Giant, a sketch show for MTV. Riggle would often appear in the programs various sketches, as well as in the shows 24-hour live marathon which aired on MTV in May 2007. One of Riggles most memorable guest appearances was as hired muscle, Ham-Bone, Riggle and Huebel can also be seen performing a sketch together on stage at the UCBT in Doug Bensons documentary Super High Me. A featured player during the 2004–2005 season, his first appearance as a cast member was on the shows premiere on October 2,2004
