1.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
Paris
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In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."
Paris
Paris
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Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)
Paris
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The
Palais de la Cité and
Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)
2.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
3.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
Academy Award for Best Director
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Frank Borzage, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
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Lewis Milestone, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
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John Ford has the most awards with four.
Academy Award for Best Director
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Clint Eastwood is the oldest winner for directing
Million Dollar Baby.
4.
BAFTA
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
BAFTA
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The BAFTA award, designed by Mitzi Cunliffe
BAFTA
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British Academy of Film and Television Arts
5.
The Artist (film)
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The Artist received highly positive reviews from critics and won many accolades. Dujardin won the Best Actor Award at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and it was also the first French film to win Best Picture, and the first mainly silent film to win since 1927s Wings won at the 1st Academy Awards in 1929. It was also the first film presented in the 4,3 aspect ratio to win since 1953s From Here to Eternity, in France it was nominated for ten César Awards, winning six, including Best Film, Best Director for Hazanavicius and Best Actress for Bejo. The Artist has received more awards than any other French film, in 1927, silent film star George Valentin is posing for pictures outside the premiere of his latest hit film when a young woman, Peppy Miller, accidentally bumps into him. Valentin reacts with humor to the accident and shows off with Peppy for the cameras, the next day, Peppy finds herself on the front page of Variety with the headline Whos That Girl. Later, Peppy auditions as a dancer and is spotted by Valentin, while performing a scene in which they dance together, Valentin and Peppy show great chemistry, despite her being merely an extra. With a little guidance from Valentin, Peppy slowly rises through the industry, two years later, Zimmer announces the end of production of silent films at Kinograph Studios, but Valentin is dismissive, insisting that sound is just a fad. In a dream, Valentin begins hearing sounds from his environment and he decides to produce and direct his own silent film, financing it himself. The film opens on the day as Peppys new sound film as well as the 1929 Stock Market Crash. Now Valentins only chance of avoiding bankruptcy is for his film to be a hit, unfortunately audiences flock to Peppys film instead and Valentin is ruined. His wife, Doris, kicks him out, and he moves into an apartment with his valet/chauffeur, Clifton, Peppy goes on to become a major Hollywood star. Depressed and drunk, Valentin angrily sets a match to his collection of his earlier films. As the nitrate film quickly blazes out of control he is overwhelmed by the smoke and passes out inside the burning house, however, Valentins dog attracts the help of a nearby policeman, and after being rescued Valentin is hospitalized for injuries suffered in the fire. Peppy visits the hospital and discovers that the film he rescued is the one with them dancing together and she asks for him to be moved to her house to recuperate. Valentin awakens in a bed at her house, to find that Clifton is now working for Peppy, Valentin seems to remain dismissive of Peppy having taken him in, prompting Clifton to sternly remind Valentin of his changing luck. Peppy insists to Zimmer that Valentin co-star in her next film, after Valentin learns to his dismay that it had been Peppy who had purchased all his auctioned effects, he returns in despair to his burnt-out apartment. Peppy arrives, panicked, and finds that Valentin is about to attempt suicide with a handgun, Peppy tells him she only wanted to help him. They embrace and Valentin tells her its no use, no one wants to him speak
The Artist (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
The Artist (film)
–
Some of the cast and crew at the
2011 Cannes Film Festival: (left to right), score composer
Ludovic Bource, director
Michel Hazanavicius, stars
Missi Pyle,
Bérénice Bejo, and
Jean Dujardin, director of photography
Guillaume Schiffman and producer
Thomas Langmann.
The Artist (film)
–
Jean Dujardin and
Bérénice Bejo at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival
The Artist (film)
6.
84th Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer, Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time. He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004, in related events, the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12,2011. On February 11,2012, in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, the telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 84th Academy Awards were announced on January 24,2012, PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Tom Sherak, president of the Academy, and the actress Jennifer Lawrence. Hugo led all nominees with eleven nominations, The Artist came in second with ten, the winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26,2012. The Artist was the silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black-and-white feature to win Best Picture since 1993s Schindlers List, Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger. The Academy held its 3rd Annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12,2011, James Earl Jones — For his legacy of consistent excellence and uncommon versatility. Dick Smith — For his unparalleled mastery of texture, shade, form, oprah Winfrey The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. Because of the viewership of recent Academy Awards ceremonies, the Academy sought ideas to revamp the show while renewing interest with the nominated films. After a two-year experiment with ten Best Pictures nominees, AMPAS president Tom Sherak announced that the number of final nominees can now range from five to ten as opposed a fixed number. Academy then-executive director Bruce Davis explained, A Best Picture nomination should be an indication of extraordinary merit, If there are only eight pictures that truly earn that honor in a given year, we shouldnt feel an obligation to round out the number. Changes in the Best Animated Feature also were announced, originally, the Academy selected director Brett Ratner as co-producer of the ceremony with Don Mischer in August 2011. Actor and comedian Eddie Murphy was hired by Ratner to preside over hosting duties, Murphy subsequently stepped down as host the following day
84th Academy Awards
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Michel Hazanavicius, Best Director winner
84th Academy Awards
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Official poster
84th Academy Awards
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Jean Dujardin, Best Actor winner
84th Academy Awards
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Meryl Streep, Best Actress winner
7.
Parody
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A parody is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, parody … is imitation, another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice. Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, animation, gaming, the writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche and burlesque. According to Aristotle, Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody, in ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para beside, counter, against, Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an imitation that is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation turned as to produce a ridiculous effect, because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule. Old Comedy contained parody, even the gods could be made fun of, the Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a Glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, roman writers explained parody as an imitation of one poet by another for humorous effect. In French Neoclassical literature, parody was also a type of poem where one work imitates the style of another to produce a humorous effect, the Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. In classical music, as a term, parody refers to a reworking of one kind of composition into another. The term is sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period. The musicological definition of the parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into a different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the style of a composer or artist. For example, The Ritz Roll and Rock, a song and dance performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings, parodies the Rock. Conversely, while the work of Weird Al Yankovic is based on particular popular songs. The first usage of the parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson, in Every Man in His Humour in 1598, A Parodie. The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, in the 20th century, parody has been heightened as the central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation
Parody
–
Comedian
Charlie Chaplin impersonating
Hitler for comic effect in the satirical film
The Great Dictator (1940)
Parody
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Screenshot of a scene in
Jurassic Park (1993) featuring a
Tyrannosaurus rex (left), parodied by Rex the Dinosaur in
Toy Story 2 (1999).
Parody
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Satirical political cartoon that appeared in
Puck magazine, October 9, 1915. Caption "I did not raise my girl to be a voter" parodies the anti-
World War I song "
I Didn't Raise My Boy To Be A Soldier ". A chorus of disreputable men support a lone anti-suffrage woman.
Parody
–
Reggie Brown, a voice actor and
Barack Obama impersonator
8.
OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies
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OSS117, Cairo, Nest of Spies released in France as OSS117, Le Caire, nid despions, is a 2006 French spy comedy film directed and co-written by Michel Hazanavicius in his feature film debut. It stars Jean Dujardin, Bérénice Bejo, and Aure Atika, a sequel, OSS117, Lost in Rio, also directed by Hazanavicius and starring Dujardin, was released in 2009. The main plot starts with the disappearances of an OSS agent, Jack Jefferson, agent OSS117 is sent to investigate the events, since he and agent Jefferson share a history, shown in a short opening sequence and in flashbacks throughout the film. Throughout the film the character has two main romantic interests. The first is an Egyptian princess Al Tarouk, who cant resist the charms of OSS117, Hubert has woken up, having beaten up the muezzin during the night as he couldnt sleep with the noise. Hubert, By the way, I was woken by a guy screaming on a tower, yours is a very strange religion. At a Suez Canal panoramic view point Hubert, Its breathtaking, to build this 4000 years ago was visionary. Larmina, The Suez Canal was built 86 years ago, the scene at the Cairo airport was filmed in the entrance hall of a campus of Panthéon-Assas University. The main character in the OSS117 series is an agent of the Office of Strategic Services, Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath. The character is played by French actor Jean Dujardin, and he is supported in the film by Bérénice Bejo and it was relatively successful at the box office in France, with an attendance figure of over 2 million. Due to the performance, a 2009 sequel has been made titled OSS117. Critics outside France gave the positive to average reviews. Metacritic reported the film had a score of 62 out of 100
OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies
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French promotional poster
9.
OSS 117: Lost in Rio
–
OSS117, Lost in Rio released in France as OSS117, Rio ne répond plus, is a 2009 French spy comedy film directed and co-written by Michel Hazanavicius. It is a sequel to Hazanavicius OSS117, Cairo, Nest of Spies, and see Jean Dujardin reprising his role as French secret agent Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath / OSS117. Set in 1967, Lost in Rio sees OSS117 sent to Brazil in order to retrieve a microfilm list of French Nazi sympathizers, only to once again unknowingly set foot into a bigger international intrigue. Like the first film, Lost in Rio is based on the OSS117 character from the novels by Jean Bruce, the original title literally translates to OSS117, Rio doesnt respond anymore, a reference to the 1932 film F. P.1 Doesnt Respond. The film opens with a ski chalet party sequence in Gstaad where Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath aka OSS117 is entertaining a Chinese countess. The party is attacked by Red Chinese gunmen working for a Mr. Lee and everyone but Hubert and their lead to Von Zimmel is his son who is now a hippie. Throughout the film the character has two main romantic interests. The first is a mysterious beauty Carlotta, - Do you know what a dictatorship is. Its when people are communists, when they are cold with gray hats and boots with zippers, - Then, what do you call a country with a military leader controlling everything, a secret police, a single TV channel with every information controlled by the state. - I call that France, Miss, throughout the film, de La Bath is forced to engage with hippies, exploration of sexuality, gender roles in different belief systems, and his personal convictions about society and prejudice. It attracted 260,000 viewers more than the opening of OSS117, Cairo, Jean Dujardin has ruled out a third movie for the time being with the rise of ISIL, feeling it to be inappropriate. The only returning character is Lesignac, de La Baths superior, however, whilst in the first movie Lesignac was played by Claude Brosset, due to his death, the character was played by Pierre Bellemare. The film is a continuation of the OSS117 series of Eurospy films from the 1950s and 1960s, which were in turn based on a series of novels by Jean Bruce, a prolific French popular writer. The main character in the OSS117 series is an agent of the SDECE, Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath. The character is played by Jean Dujardin, the film also parodies Alfred Hitchcocks Vertigo and North by Northwest with de La Baths clothing inspired by Harper and the set furniture inspired by Dean Martins Matt Helm films. The film opens and closes with Dean Martin songs and reuses footage from The Greatest Show on Earth and Furia à Bahia pour OSS117
OSS 117: Lost in Rio
–
OSS 117: Lost in Rio
10.
Lithuanian Jews
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Lithuanian Jews or Litvaks are Jews with roots in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The term is used to cover all Orthodox Jews who follow a Lithuanian style of life and learning. The area where Lithuanian Jews lived is referred to in Yiddish as Líta, Lithuania was historically home to a large and influential Jewish community that was almost entirely eliminated during the Holocaust. Before World War II, the Lithuanian Jewish population was some 160,000, Vilnius had a Jewish community of nearly 100,000, about 45% of the citys total population. There were over 110 synagogues and 10 yeshivas in Vilnius alone, about 2,000 Jews were counted in Lithuania during the 2005 census. Quoting the research done by H. G, using different sources Holocaust researchers claim there were between 60,000 and 65,000 Jewish soldiers in Polands independent army who identified themselves as Lithuanian Jews. The Yiddish adjective ליטוויש Litvish means Lithuanian, the noun for a Lithuanian Jew is Litvak. Of the main Yiddish dialects in Europe, the Litvishe Yiddish dialect was spoken by Jews in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and northeaster Poland, including Suwałki, Lomza, in modern Israel Litaim is often used for all Haredi Jews who are not Hasidim. Other expressions used for this purpose are Yeshivishe and Misnagdim, both the words Litvishe and Litaim are somewhat misleading, because there are also Hasidic Jews from greater Lithuania and lots of Lithuanian Jews who are not Haredim. The term Misnagdim on the hand is somewhat outdated, because the opposition between the two groups has lost much of its relevance. Yeshivishe is also problematic because Hasidim now make use of yeshivot as much as the Litvishe Jews, the characteristically Lithuanian approach to Judaism was marked by a concentration on highly intellectual Talmud study. Lithuania became the heartland of the traditionalist opposition to Hasidism, differences between the groups grew to the extent that in popular perception Lithuanian and misnagged became virtually interchangeable terms. However, a minority of Lithuanian Jews belong to Hasidic groups, including Chabad, Slonim, Karlin. The most famous Lithuanian institution of Jewish learning was Volozhin yeshiva, twentieth century Lithuanian yeshivas include Ponevezh, Telshe, Mir, Kelm, and Slabodka, which bear the names of their Lithuanian forebears. In theoretical Talmud study, the leading Lithuanian authorities were Chaim Soloveitchik, in the 19th century, the Orthodox Ashkenazi residents of the Holy Land, broadly speaking, were divided into Hasidim and Perushim, who were Lithuanian Jews influenced by the Vilna Gaon. In reality, both the ethnic makeup and the traditions of the misnagged communities are much more diverse. Customs of Lithuanian non Hasidic Jews consist of, Wearing of tefillin during non sabbath days of the days of the festival chol hamoed. The pronunciation of the holam as ej, although not widespread and uniform among Lithuanian Jews, the shin being pronounced the same way as sin
Lithuanian Jews
–
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania before 1430
11.
Lithuania
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Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people as of 2015, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. For centuries, the shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania, and the first unified Lithuanian state, with the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772–95, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuanias territory. As World War I neared its end, Lithuanias Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, in the midst of the Second World War, Lithuania was first occupied by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated, Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, a full member of the Eurozone, Schengen Agreement and NATO. It is also a member of the Nordic Investment Bank, the United Nations Human Development Index lists Lithuania as a very high human development country. Lithuania has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is ranked 21st in the world in the Ease of Doing Business Index, the first people settled in the territory of Lithuania after the last glacial period in the 10th millennium BC. Over a millennium, the Indo-Europeans, who arrived in the 3rd – 2nd millennium BC, mixed with the local population, the first written mention of Lithuania is found in a medieval German manuscript, the Annals of Quedlinburg, in an entry dated 9 March 1009. Initially inhabited by fragmented Baltic tribes, in the 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, after his assassination in 1263, pagan Lithuania was a target of the Christian crusades of the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order. Despite the devastating century-long struggle with the Orders, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania expanded rapidly, by the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was one of the largest countries in Europe and included present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia. The geopolitical situation between the west and the east determined the multicultural and multi-confessional character of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the ruling elite practised religious tolerance and Chancery Slavonic language was used as an auxiliary language to the Latin for official documents. In 1385, the Grand Duke Jogaila accepted Polands offer to become its king, Jogaila embarked on gradual Christianization of Lithuania and established a personal union between Poland and Lithuania. It implied that Lithuania, the fiercely independent land, was one of the last pagan areas of Europe to adopt Christianity, after two civil wars, Vytautas the Great became the Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1392. During his reign, Lithuania reached the peak of its expansion, centralization of the state began
Lithuania
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Trakai Island Castle
Lithuania
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Flag
Lithuania
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Battle of Grunwald and
Vytautas the Great in the centre
Lithuania
–
The original 20 members of the
Council of Lithuania after signing the
Act of Independence of Lithuania, 16 February 1918.
12.
Reebok
–
Reebok is a global athletic footwear and apparel company, operating as a subsidiary of Adidas since 2005. Reebok produces and distributes fitness, running and CrossFit sportswear including clothing and it is the official footwear and apparel sponsor for UFC, CrossFit, Spartan Race, and Les Mills. In 1958 Reebok was established as a company to J. W. Foster and Sons, founded in 1895 in Bolton, Greater Manchester. As a British brand, Reebok apparel featured a Union Jack flag from 1895 until 1986, the global headquarters are located in Canton, Massachusetts, U. S. with regional offices in Amsterdam, Montreal, Hong Kong and Mexico City. In November 2016, the announced they would be moving their headquarters location to Boston. The reasons for the move, according to the company, is to be located an urban environment that is desirable to millennial workers. In 1895, Joseph William Foster at the age of 14 started work in his bedroom above his fathers shop in Bolton, England. After his ideas progressed, he founded his business J. W. Foster in 1900, later he joined with his sons and changed the name to J. W. Foster. Foster opened a factory called Olympic Works, and gradually became famous among athletes for his running pumps. For pioneering the use of spikes, the companys revolutionary running pumps appear in the book, Golden Kicks, the company began distributing shoes across the United Kingdom and were worn by British athletes. They were made famous by 100m Olympic champion Harold Abrahams in the 1924 Summer Olympics held in Paris, the name is Afrikaans for the grey rhebok, a type of African antelope. In 1979, at the Chicago International Sneaker Trade show an American businessman, Paul Fireman, Fireman was working for an outdoor sporting goods store and negotiated a deal to license and distribute the Reebok brand in the United States. The division was called Reebok USA Ltd, later that year, Fireman introduced three new shoes to the market at $60. By 1981, Reebok reached more than $1.5 million in sales, in 1982, Reebok debuted the Reebok Freestyle aerobics shoe, the first athletic shoe designed for women. Fitness professional Gin Miller became the face of Step Reebok, the companys aerobics fitness campaign, the following year, Reeboks sales were $13 million. The company began expanding from tennis and aerobics shoes to running and basketball throughout the mid to late 1980s, in 1985, Reebok had its initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol RBK. In 1986, Reebok switched its logo from the Union Jack flag it had since its founding, the switch signaled the transition of the company into a performance brand as it began licensing deals with professional athletes in the NBA and NFL. During the 1980s, Reebok began introducing sports clothing and accessories, by the end of the year, Reeboks sales were about $1 billion
Reebok
–
Reebok headquarters in
Canton,
Massachusetts, U.S.
Reebok
–
Reebok Delta Logo
13.
Bouygues Telecom
–
Bouygues Telecom is a French mobile phone, Internet service provider and IPTV company, part of the Bouygues group. Its headquarters, designed by Arquitectonica, are located at the border of Paris, in January 2016 Bouygues Telecom were subject to negotiations regarding an acquisition from mobile carrier Orange. The three companies were collectively fined €535 million in total, in November 2007 Bouygues Telecom went to court seeking cancellation on its edition. In February 2009 the company was ordered to take down a phone mast due to uncertainty about its effect on health. Residents in the commune Charbonnières in the Rhône department had sued the company claiming adverse health effects from the emitted by the 19 meter tall antenna. In October 2012 the company charged Solenne San Jose 11,721,000,000,000,000 euros for her phone usage. The company initially offered Solenne San Jose that she could repay in installments, before admitting that the bill was wrong. They sponsored the bicycle racing team Bbox Bouygues Telecom from 2005 to 2010, Official website Official Website for International Visitors
Bouygues Telecom
–
Bouygues Telecom
14.
Feature film
–
A feature film is a film with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program. The notion of how long this should be has varied according to time, the majority of feature films are between 70 and 210 minutes long. The Story of the Kelly Gang was the first dramatic film released. The first feature-length adaptation was Les Misérables, other early feature films include The Inferno, Quo Vadis. Oliver Twist, Richard III, From the Manger to the Cross, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the American Film Institute, and the British Film Institute all define a feature as a film with a running time of 2400 seconds or longer. The term feature film came into use to refer to the film presented in a cinema. The term was used to distinguish the film from the short films typically presented before the main film, such as newsreels, serials, animated cartoons, live-action comedies. Early features had been produced in the United States and France and this left exhibitors the option of playing them alone, to view an incomplete combination of some films, or to run them all together as a short film series. The American company S. Lubin released a Passion Play titled Lubins Passion Play in January 1903 in 31 parts, the French company Pathé Frères released a different Passion Play, The Life and Passion of Jesus Christ, in May 1903 in 32 parts running about 44 minutes. There were also records of boxing matches, such as The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight, Reproduction Of The Corbett-Jeffries Fight. In 1900, the documentary film In the Army was made and it was over 1 hour in length and was about the training techniques of the British soldier. Defined by length, the first dramatic film was the Australian 70-minute film The Story of the Kelly Gang. The first Russian feature was Defence of Sevastopol in 1911, early Italian features were The Inferno, Quo Vadis. The Last Days of Pompeii, and Cabiria, the first UK features were the documentary With Our King and Queen Through India, filmed in Kinemacolor and Oliver Twist. The first American features were adaptations of Oliver Twist, From the Manger to the Cross, Cleopatra, the latter starring actor Frederick Warde starred in some of these movie adaptations. 1913 also saw Chinas first feature film, Zhang Shichuans Nan Fu Nan Qi, by 1915 over 600 feature films were produced annually in the United States. The most prolific year of U. S. feature production was 1921, with 682 releases, between 1922 and 1970, the U. S. and Japan alternated as leaders in the quantity of feature film production. Since 1971, the country with the highest feature output has been India, as time went on there were many technical advancements made in film
Feature film
–
Actor playing the Australian
bushranger Ned Kelly in
The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the world's first dramatic feature-length film.
15.
Warner Bros.
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
–
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
–
Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros.
–
Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
16.
Dubbing (filmmaking)
–
The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks, the mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements. In the past, dubbing was practiced primarily in musicals when the actor had a singing voice. Today, dubbing enables the screening of material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production. Films, videos, and sometimes video games are dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, the insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer-generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. In conventional film production, a sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post-production, a sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene, the most suitable take becomes the final version. The ADR process does not always take place in a post-production studio, the process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. Sometimes, a different actor than the actor on set is used during ADR. One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse, in post-production and it provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture, Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone. With ADR, actors can average 10–12 lines per hour, while rythmo band can facilitate the reading of 35-50 lines per hour, However, the preparation of a rythmo band is a time-consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line. VideoDubber, a startup company from Israel, developed an automated dubbing SaaS platform that enables automated dubbing of video content to over 40 languages using digitized voices. It was the first to dub a full TV channel using this technology for a Spanish cable provider in July 2015, Media Movers, Inc. a dubbing company, has developed a piece of proprietary software that can automatically sync ADR/dubbed tracks with pre-defined algorithms. TM Systems received Emmy awards in 2002 and 2007 for their dubbing and subtitling software, Dubbing is often used to localize a foreign movie
Dubbing (filmmaking)
–
Dubbing studio
17.
OSS 117
–
OSS117 is the codename for Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath, a fictional secret agent initially from the pen of the prolific Jean Bruce. Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath is described as being an American Colonel from Louisiana of French descent, after service in the Office of Strategic Services, de La Bath worked for the Central Intelligence Agency, then the National Security Council. In real-life OSS, code number 117 was allocated to William L. Langer, Bruce wrote 88 OSS117 novels for the French publishing house Fleuve Noir Espionnage series beginning with Tu parles dune ingénue in 1949, predating Ian Flemings James Bond 007 by four years. After Jean Bruce died in a car accident in 1963, his wife Josette Bruce wrote 143 OSS117 novels before retiring in 1985, starting in 1987, Bruces daughter Martine and her husband François wrote 23 more OSS117 books. The last published novel was O. S. S,117 prend le large in 1992. The first OSS117 film, OSS117 nest pas mort, was made in 1957 with Ivan Desny as OSS117, in 1960 the rights to the Jean Bruce novel Documents à vendre, were purchased for filming by Michel Clément as Le Bal des espions. In the 1960s, the character was featured in a successful Eurospy film series which was directed by André Hunebelle. The role was played initially by Kerwin Mathews, and then by Frederick Stafford, the 2006 and 2009 films OSS117, Cairo, Nest of Spies and OSS117, Lost in Rio, conceived as spoofs of the Eurospy genre, both recreated and parodied OSS117. The character, reinvented as a French spy working for the SDECE, was turned into a character and portrayed by Jean Dujardin as a self-important, dim-witted. These films, by director Michel Hazanavicius, are an homage to the action films, the character of OSS117, played by Jean Dujardin, is shown as quintessentially franchouillard. He often creates awkward social situations due to his ideology, staunch French patriotism, chauvinism
OSS 117
–
Jean Dujardin portrays OSS 117 in
Cairo, Nest of Spies (2006) and
Lost in Rio (2009)
18.
Sound film
–
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900. Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923. The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid- to late 1920s, at first, the sound films which included synchronized dialogue, known as talking pictures, or talkies, were exclusively shorts. The earliest feature-length movies with recorded sound included only music and effects, the first feature film originally presented as a talkie was The Jazz Singer, released in October 1927. A major hit, it was made with Vitaphone, which was at the time the brand of sound-on-disc technology. Sound-on-film, however, would become the standard for talking pictures. By the early 1930s, the talkies were a global phenomenon, in the United States, they helped secure Hollywoods position as one of the worlds most powerful cultural/commercial centers of influence. In Europe, the new development was treated with suspicion by many filmmakers and critics, in Japan, where the popular film tradition integrated silent movie and live vocal performance, talking pictures were slow to take root. In India, sound was the element that led to the rapid expansion of the nations film industry. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as the concept of cinema itself. On February 27,1888, a couple of days after photographic pioneer Eadweard Muybridge gave a lecture not far from the laboratory of Thomas Edison, the two inventors privately met. No agreement was reached, but within a year Edison commissioned the development of the Kinetoscope, essentially a peep-show system, as a visual complement to his cylinder phonograph. The two devices were brought together as the Kinetophone in 1895, but individual, cabinet viewing of motion pictures was soon to be outmoded by successes in film projection and these appear to be the first publicly exhibited films with projection of both image and recorded sound. Phonorama and yet another sound-film system—Théâtroscope—were also presented at the Exposition, three major problems persisted, leading to motion pictures and sound recording largely taking separate paths for a generation. The primary issue was synchronization, pictures and sound were recorded and played back by separate devices, sufficient playback volume was also hard to achieve. Finally, there was the challenge of recording fidelity, cinematic innovators attempted to cope with the fundamental synchronization problem in a variety of ways. In 1902, Léon Gaumont demonstrated his sound-on-disc Chronophone, involving an electrical connection he had recently patented, four years later, Gaumont introduced the Elgéphone, a compressed-air amplification system based on the Auxetophone, developed by British inventors Horace Short and Charles Parsons
Sound film
–
1908 poster advertising
Gaumontu 's sound films. The
Chronomégaphone, designed for large halls, employed compressed air to amplify the recorded sound.
Sound film
–
Image from the
Dickson Experimental Sound Film (1894 or 1895), produced by
W.K.L. Dickson as a test of the early version of the
Edison Kinetophone, combining the
Kinetoscope and
phonograph.
Sound film
–
Poster featuring
Sarah Bernhardt and giving the names of eighteen other "famous artists" shown in "living visions" at the
1900 Paris Exposition using the Gratioulet-Lioret system.
Sound film
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Newspaper ad for a 1925 presentation of
De Forest Phonofilms shorts, touting their technological distinction: no phonograph.
19.
Cannes International Film Festival
–
Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes International Film Festival
Cannes International Film Festival
–
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes International Film Festival
–
Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes International Film Festival
–
Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
20.
Academy Awards
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Awards
–
Academy Awards
Academy Awards
–
31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Awards
–
81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Awards
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
21.
Academy Award for Best Editing
–
The Academy Award for Best Film Editing is one of the annual awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Nominations for this award are closely correlated with the Academy Award for Best Picture. For 33 consecutive years,1981 to 2013, every Best Picture winner had also nominated for the Film Editing Oscar. Only the principal, above the line editor as listed in the credits are named on the award, additional editors, supervising editors. The nominations for this Academy Award are determined by a ballot of the members of the Editing Branch of the Academy. The members may vote for up to five of the films in the order of their preference. The Academy Award itself is selected from the films by a subsequent ballot of all active. This award was first given for films released in 1934, the name of this award is occasionally changed, in 2008, it was listed as the Academy Award for Achievement in Film Editing. Michael Kahn won for Raiders of the Lost Ark, Schindlers List, thelma Schoonmaker won for Raging Bull, The Aviator, and The Departed. To date, two film directors have won this award, James Cameron and Alfonso Cuarón for the films Titanic and Gravity, also, nominated editors Robert Wise, Francis D. West Side Story, The Sound of Music, The Sand Pebbles and The Andromeda Strain for Wise, Crazylegs for Lyon and Bound for Glory, superlatives taken from a document published by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. These listings are based on the Awards Database maintained by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Academy Award for Best Editing
–
Thelma Schoonmaker and Columba Powell at the
Cannes Film Festival (2009). Schoonmaker is among the deans of film editing; Powell is the son of
Michael Powell, a prominent film director to whom Schoonmaker was married until his death in 1990.
22.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
Headquarters building
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study building on La Cienega Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
–
Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in the Hollywood district
23.
Jean Dujardin
–
Jean Dujardin is a French actor, television director and comedian. He began his career as a comedian in Paris before starting his acting career guest-starring in comedic television programs and films. Dujardin garnered international fame and widespread acclaim with his performance of George Valentin in the 2011 award-winning silent movie The Artist and he became the first French actor in history to win the Academy Award for Best Actor. He later appeared in Martin Scorseses 2013 black comedy The Wolf of Wall Street and George Clooneys 2014 historical drama, Jean Dujardin was born on 19 June 1972 and raised in Rueil-Malmaison, a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. After attending high school, he went to work for the company of his father. Dujardin began contemplating a career in acting while serving his military service a few years later. Dujardin began his career performing a one-man show he wrote in various bars. He first gained attention when he appeared on the French talent show Graines de star in 1996 as part of the comedy group Nous Ç Nous, the TV series charted the path of a relationship, each episode was less than ten minutes long. In 2005, he portrayed the titular surfer in the comedic film Brice de Nice. The films success spawned a sequel, OSS117, Lost in Rio, in 2007, directed by Jan Kounen, he starred in the film 99F, a very successful existential parody of an advertising exec, adapted from the eponymous best-seller written by Frédéric Beigbeder. This same year, he ventured in drama for the first time on the screen, playing a tortured father. In 2009, he appeared in A Man and His Dog alongside screen legend Jean-Paul Belmondo, in 2010, he starred alongside Albert Dupontel, playing his characters cancer in The Clink of Ice, a French black comedy written and directed by Bertrand Blier. The film premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where he received the Best Actor Award and his performance garnered much critical acclaim and he received numerous nominations, including the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild for Best Actor. On 15 January 2012, Dujardin won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and he later went on to win the Screen Actors Guild for Best Actor, and the BAFTA for Best Actor. He was also nominated for the César award of the best actor, Dujardin went on to win the Best Actor award at the 84th Academy Awards. In effect he is the fourth French actor to be nominated for an Oscar and he has been described as Frances answer to George Clooney. Following his Oscar nomination for his role in The Artist, WME agency signed the actor, Dujardins breakthrough roles as Brice de Nice and OSS117 exemplified this tendency. In February 2012, Dujardin appeared in Les Infidèles with co-star and he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in June 2012 along with 175 other individuals
Jean Dujardin
–
Jean Dujardin,
2011 Cannes Film Festival
Jean Dujardin
–
Jean Dujardin in 2014
24.
Fred Zinnemann
–
Alfred Fred Zinnemann was an Austrian-born American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing films in genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir. He made 25 feature films during his 50-year career and he was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with civilians to give his films more realism. According to one historian, Zinnemanns style demonstrated his sense of psychological realism, some of his most notable films were The Men, High Noon, From Here to Eternity, Oklahoma. The Nuns Story, A Man For All Seasons, The Day of the Jackal and his films have received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24. Zinnemann was born in Rzeszów, the son of Anna and Oskar Zinnemann and his family was Jewish, and he had one younger brother. While growing up in Austria, he wanted to become a musician, while studying law, he became drawn to films and convinced his parents to let him study film production in Paris. After studying for a year at the Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie in Paris, he became a cameraman and found work on a number of films in Berlin, both of his parents were killed during the Holocaust. Zinnemann worked in Germany with several other beginners after he studied filmmaking in France, earlier in the decade, in fact, Zinnemann had worked with documentarian Robert Flaherty, probably the greatest single influence on my work as a filmmaker, he said. Although he was fascinated by the culture in Germany, with its theater, music and films. He became disenchanted with Berlin after continually seeing decadent ostentation and luxury existing alongside desperate unemployment, the wealthy classes were moving more to the political right and the poor to the left. Emotion had long since begun to displace reason, he said, Zinnemann, then only 21, got his parents permission to go to America where he hoped filmmaking opportunities would be greater. He arrived in New York at the end of October,1929 and it was as though I had just left a continent of zombies and entered a place humming with incredible energy and power. He took a Greyhound bus to Hollywood a few months following the completion of his first directorial effort for the Mexican cultural protest film, The Wave, in Alvarado. He established residence in North Hollywood with Henwar Rodakiewicz, Gunther von Fritsch and Ned Scott, One of Zinnemanns first jobs in Hollywood was as an extra in All Quiet on the Western Front. He says that many of the extras were former Russian aristocrats. He was twenty-two but he said he felt older than the forty-year-olds in Hollywood, but he was jubilant because he was then certain that this was the place one could breathe free and belong. But after a few years he became disillusioned with the talents of Hollywoods elites
Fred Zinnemann
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Zinnemann in the 1940s
25.
The Search
–
The Search is a 1948 Swiss-American film directed by Fred Zinnemann which tells the story of a young Auschwitz survivor and his mother who search for each other across post-World War II Europe. It stars Montgomery Clift, Ivan Jandl, Jarmila Novotná and Aline MacMahon, one oft-cited feature of this film is that many of the scenes were shot amidst the actual ruins of post-war German cities, namely Ingolstadt, Nuremberg, and Würzburg. Trains bring homeless children, who are taken by Mrs. Murray and other United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration workers to a transit camp. The next morning, the children are interviewed by UNRRA officials to try to identify them, a young boy named Karel responds Ich weiß nicht to all questions. He grew up in a well-to-do Czech family, the Nazis had deported his sister and doctor father, while the boy and mother were sent to a concentration camp. After the war, Karel survived by scavenging for food with other homeless children, the next day, the children are split up into groups and loaded into trucks and ambulances to be transferred to other camps. The children in Karels group are at first terrified because the Nazis often used ambulances to gas victims, during the trip, the smell of exhaust fumes causes the children to panic. Karels friend Raoul manages to open the door, and the children scatter in all directions. Karel and Raoul try to swim across a river to escape from two UNRRA men, Raoul drowns, but Karel hides in the reeds. Later, Karel encounters an American army engineer, Steve, who care of him. He starts teaching the boy English, because Karel cannot recall his name, Steve calls him Jim. When Jim sees a boy with his mother, he starts to remember his own mother and he runs away one evening thinking the fence is nearby. Jim finds a fence at a factory, but cannot find his mother among the workers going home, Steve eventually finds Jim and tells him that his mother is dead so he will stop searching for her. He also informs Jim that he is going to try to adopt him, as it turns out, Karels mother, Mrs. Malik, is alive. In a parallel story, she has been searching for her son, by chance, she begins working for Mrs. Murray at the same UNRRA camp where her son had been processed. After a while though, she resigns to resume her nearly-hopeless search for Karel and that same day, Steve takes the boy to the UNRRA camp before leaving for America. He hopes to send for the boy once the paperwork is completed, suspecting that Jim is Karel, she hurries to the train station to bring Mrs. Malik back, but the train has already left. Then, she sees Mrs. Malik on the platform, she had changed her mind
The Search
–
The Search
26.
Montgomery Clift
–
Edward Montgomery Monty Clift was an American film and stage actor. The New York Times’ obituary of Clift noted his portrayal of moody and he received four Academy Award nominations during his career, three for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor. Clift was born on October 17,1920, in Omaha and his father, William Brooks Clift, was a vice-president of Omaha National Trust Company. His mother was the former Ethel Fogg Anderson, mostly called Sunny, Clift had English, as well as Dutch and Scottish ancestry. Sunny Clift was an adopted child, at eighteen shed been told that her real father and mother were members of prominent Yankee families, forced to part by the tyrannical will of the girls mother. She spent the rest of her trying to gain the recognition of her alleged relations. Part of her effort was her determination that her children should be brought up in the style of true aristocrats, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression of the 1930s ruined Bill Clift financially. Montgomery, however, could not adjust to school and never went to college, instead, he took to stage acting, beginning in a summer production which led, by 1935, to his debut on Broadway. He appeared in plays written by Moss Hart, Robert Sherwood, Lillian Hellman, Tennessee Williams and Thornton Wilder, creating the part of Henry in the original production of The Skin of Our Teeth. In 1939, as a member of the cast of the 1939 Broadway production of Noël Cowards Hay Fever, a performance of Hay Fever was aired during the New York Worlds Fair as part of the introduction of television. It is not likely that any recording of the broadcast exists and he resided in Jackson Heights, Queens, until he got his break on Broadway. He first acted on Broadway when, at just 15-years-of-age, he appeared as Prince Peter in the Cole Porter musical Jubilee on Broadway, at 20, he played the son in the Broadway production of There Shall Be No Night, which won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize. At the age of 25, he moved to Hollywood and his first movie role was opposite John Wayne in Red River, which was shot in 1946 and released in 1948. His second movie was The Search, Clift was unhappy with the quality of the script, and edited it himself. The movie was awarded a screenwriting Academy Award for the credited writers, Clifts performance saw him nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. His naturalistic performance led to director Fred Zinnemanns being asked, Where did you find a soldier who can act so well, Clifts next movie was The Heiress. He signed on for the movie in order to avoid being typecast, again unhappy with the script, Clift told friends that he wanted to change his co-star Olivia de Havillands lines because she isnt giving me enough to respond. Clift also was unable to get along with most of the cast, he criticized de Havilland, the studio marketed Clift as a sex symbol prior to the movies release in 1949
Montgomery Clift
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Publicity still of Clift, c. 1948.
Montgomery Clift
–
Clift at the premiere of
A Place in the Sun (1951)
Montgomery Clift
–
Clift in trailer from
The Young Lions (1958)
Montgomery Clift
–
Clift in a trailer screenshot of the 1948 film
The Search, for which he was nominated for an
Academy Award for Best Actor.
27.
NGO
–
A non-governmental organization is a not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations. They are usually funded by donations but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by volunteers, NGOs are highly diverse groups of organizations engaged in a wide range of activities, and take different forms in different parts of the world. Some may have charitable status, while others may be registered for tax exemption based on recognition of social purposes, others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. The number of NGOs worldwide is estimated to be 3.7 million, India is estimated to have had around 2 million NGOs in 2009, just over one NGO per 600 Indians, and many times the number of primary schools and primary health centres in India. China is estimated to have approximately 440,000 officially registered NGOs, NGOs are difficult to define, and the term NGO is not always used consistently. In some countries the term NGO is applied to an organization that in another country would be called an NPO, there are many different classifications of NGO in use. The most common focus is on orientation and level of operation, an NGOs orientation refers to the type of activities it takes on. These activities might include human rights, environmental, improving health, an NGOs level of operation indicates the scale at which an organization works, such as local, regional, national, or international. The term non-governmental organization was first coined in 1945, when the United Nations was created, later the term became used more widely. One characteristic these diverse organizations share is that their non-profit status means they are not hindered by short-term financial objectives. Accordingly, they are able to devote themselves to issues which occur across longer time horizons, such as change, malaria prevention. Public surveys reveal that NGOs often enjoy a degree of public trust. NGO/GRO types can be understood by their orientation and level of how they operate, charitable orientation often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the beneficiaries. It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor people, in the classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. There is maximum involvement of the beneficiaries with NGOs acting as facilitators, community-based organizations arise out of peoples own initiatives. They can be responsible for raising the consciousness of the poor, helping them to understand their rights in accessing needed services. City-wide organizations include organizations such as chambers of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups, national NGOs include national organizations such as the YMCAs/YWCAs, professional associations and similar groups. Some have state and city branches and assist local NGOs and they can be responsible for funding local NGOs, institutions and projects and implementing projects
NGO
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Valdis Dombrovskis, then
Prime Minister of Latvia, meeting an NGO representative
28.
Chechnya
–
The Chechen Republic, commonly referred to as Chechnya, is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in the North Caucasus, situated in the southernmost part of Eastern Europe, the capital of the republic is the city of Grozny. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was split into two parts, the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic, the latter proclaimed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, which sought independence. Following the First Chechen War with Russia, Chechnya gained de facto independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Russian federal control was restored during the Second Chechen War. Since then there has been a reconstruction and rebuilding process, though sporadic fighting continues in the mountains. According to Leonti Mroveli, the 11th-century Georgian chronicler, the word Caucasian is derived from the Vainakh ancestor Kavkas, dr. Henry Harpending, University of Utah, supports her claims. People living in prehistoric mountain cave settlements used tools, mastered fire, traces of human settlement that date back to 40,000 BC were found near Lake Kezanoi. Cave paintings, artifacts, and other evidence indicates continuous habitation for some 8,000 years. 10, 000–8000 BCE Migration of Nakh peoples to the slopes of the Caucasus from the Fertile Crescent, Invention of agriculture, irrigation, and the domestication of animals. Pottery is known to the region, settlements made out of clay bricks discovered in the plains. In the mountains there were discovered settlements made out of stone and surrounded by walls, 4000–3000 BCE Invention of the wheel, horseback riding, metal works, dishes, armor, daggers, knives, arrow tips. The artifacts were found near Nasare-Cort, Muzhichi, Ja-E-Bortz, Abbey-Gove 900–1200 AD The kingdom in the center of the Caucasus splits into Alania, german scientist Peter Simon Pallas believed that Ingush people were the direct descendants from Alania. The Alan tribes build fortresses, castles, and defense walls locking the mountains from the invaders, part of the lowland tribes occupied by Mongols. 1500 AD First Russian involvement in the Caucasus,1558 Temryuk of Kabarda sends his emissaries to Moscow requesting help against Vainakh tribes from Ivan the Terrible. Ivan the Terrible marries Temryuks daughter Maria Temryukovna, alliance formed to gain the ground in the central Caucasus for the expanding Tsardom of Russia against stubborn Vainakh defenders. Chechnya was a nation in the Northern Caucasus that fought against foreign rule continually since the 15th century, the Chechens converted over the next few centuries to Sunni Islam, as Islam was associated with resistance to Russian encroachment. Notable in Chechen history, this particular Russo-Persian War marked the first military encounter between Imperial Russia and the Vainakh, as the Russians took control of the Caspian corridor and moved into Persian-ruled Dagestan, Peters forces ran into mountain tribes. Peter sent a force to subdue them, but the Chechens routed them
Chechnya
–
1855 Atlas Map of Turkey and the North Caucasus. Map of the American cartographer J.H.Colton. Top right corner, Chechnya is labeled as Gelia, with Chechen cities: Grosnaja (
Grozny), Basdet and Leshistan cities: Andi, Metiro.
Chechnya
Chechnya
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Imam Shamil of Chechnya and Dagestan surrendering to Russian general Baryatinsky in 1859
Chechnya
–
Map of the Caucasian
Isthmus by J. Grassl, 1856
29.
Annette Bening
–
Annette Carol Bening is an American actress. She began her career on stage with the Colorado Shakespeare Festival company in 1980 and she was nominated for the 1987 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Coastal Disturbances. She is a four-time Academy Award nominee, for the films The Grifters, American Beauty, Being Julia, in 2006, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. After her film debut in the 1988 film The Great Outdoors, she starred in Valmont, Bugsy, The American President, The Siege, Open Range, Bening was born in Topeka, Kansas, the daughter of Shirley Katherine and Arnett Grant Bening. Her mother was a singer and soloist, and her father was a sales training consultant. Her parents, natives of Iowa, were practicing Episcopalians and conservative Republicans and she is of mostly German and English descent. Bening has one sister, Jane, and two brothers, Bradley and Byron, the family moved to Wichita, Kansas in 1959, where she spent her early childhood. In 1965, her father took a job with a company in San Diego, California and she began acting in junior high school, playing the lead in The Sound of Music. She graduated in 1975 from Patrick Henry High School, where she studied drama and she then spent a year working as a cook on a charter boat taking fishing parties out on the Pacific Ocean, and scuba diving for recreation. Bening attended San Diego Mesa College, then completed a degree in theatre arts at San Francisco State University. Bening began her career on stage with the Colorado Shakespeare Festival company in 1980 and she was a member of the acting company at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco while studying acting as part of the Advanced Theatre Training Program. There, she starred in productions as Shakespeares Macbeth as Lady Macbeth. Bening also starred in productions of Pygmalion and The Cherry Orchard at the Denver Center Theatre Company during the 1985–86 season and she made her Broadway debut in 1987, garnering a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in Coastal Disturbances. Bening made her debut in The Great Outdoors. Her second film appearance was as the Marquise de Merteuil in Valmont and her breakthrough role was in The Grifters, which starred John Cusack and Anjelica Huston, and earned Bening a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1991, she portrayed Virginia Hill in Barry Levinsons biopic Bugsy, later, she appeared in Regarding Henry with Harrison Ford. In 1994, Bening and Beatty starred in Love Affair, which also featured Katharine Hepburn, in 1995, Bening appeared in The American President, followed by Tim Burtons sci-fi spoof Mars Attacks. In 1998, she co-starred with Denzel Washington and Bruce Willis in The Siege, the biggest critical and commercial success of her career thus far was the 1999 film American Beauty, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and was directed by Sam Mendes
Annette Bening
–
Bening at the
2013 Toronto International Film Festival
30.
The Search (2014 film)
–
The Search is a 2014 French drama film written, directed, produced and co-edited by Michel Hazanavicius and co-produced by Thomas Langmann. In the 1948 film, the backdrop is post-war Berlin, The Search takes place in the front lines of the Russian invasion of Chechnya during the first year of the Second Chechen War, in both cases, international aid workers help the families reunite. The Search was selected to compete for the Palme dOr in the competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. We first meet Kolia as a guitar player in Perm,2300 kilometers from the Chechen border. As a new recruit, he undergoes a transformation from an innocent youth into a dehumanized killing machine. When Kolias fellow soldiers, kill the Chechnan couple, the couples son, Hadji hides and watches. The trauma of his parents death renders him mute and he is helped along the way to the refugee camp by other Chechen refugees and eventually, he is befriended by Carole, a French-born, Chechnya-based NGO worker. Carole, who works as a researcher and representative of the Human Rights Committee of the European Union, Hadjis elder sister Raïssa searches for both brothers. Helen, a Red Cross worker, is interviewed by Carol, raissa, reunited with her baby brother, escapes once again from the village with the help of other Chechen refugees. She has to leave without Hadji, against her will, because of the Russian federal forces aerial bombing, raissa helps Helen at the International Red Cross orphanage. Both Helen and Carole are discouraged when the United Nations Commission of Human Rights report of April 2000 does not declare the situation in Chechnya a humanitarian disaster, Carole delivers her report to the United Nations but soon realizes that not many of the participants are listening. With the help of Carole and Helen, Hadji is reunited with his siblings, the film ends at the beginning, with Kolias filming of the attack on Hadjis family. Critics praised the work of Guillaume Schiffman, the French cinematographer, mcCarthy described how they used muted but still sharply defined colors, as well as with what appear to be mostly handheld cameras, to achieve a somber yet vitally immediate look. On film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, critics gave The Search a rating of 25%, based on 16 reviews, on Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 37 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating generally unfavorable reviews. Bradshaw did commend Hazanavicius for reminding the west and the European Union of their lack of concern, chang also praised all the actors for turning in fine work within fairly circumscribed parameters, he described the production as first-rate and the sound work as excellent. The Globe and Mail critic Liam Lacey described the film as long, unoriginal and heavy-handed, a direct opposite of Hazanavicius Oscar-winning silent movie comedy, The Artist
The Search (2014 film)
–
Fictional nine-year-old Hadji (Abdul Khalim Mamutsiev) holding his infant brother, both orphaned by Russian soldiers during the Second Chechen War.
31.
Academy Award for Best Film Editing
–
The Academy Award for Best Film Editing is one of the annual awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Nominations for this award are closely correlated with the Academy Award for Best Picture. For 33 consecutive years,1981 to 2013, every Best Picture winner had also nominated for the Film Editing Oscar. Only the principal, above the line editor as listed in the credits are named on the award, additional editors, supervising editors. The nominations for this Academy Award are determined by a ballot of the members of the Editing Branch of the Academy. The members may vote for up to five of the films in the order of their preference. The Academy Award itself is selected from the films by a subsequent ballot of all active. This award was first given for films released in 1934, the name of this award is occasionally changed, in 2008, it was listed as the Academy Award for Achievement in Film Editing. Michael Kahn won for Raiders of the Lost Ark, Schindlers List, thelma Schoonmaker won for Raging Bull, The Aviator, and The Departed. To date, two film directors have won this award, James Cameron and Alfonso Cuarón for the films Titanic and Gravity, also, nominated editors Robert Wise, Francis D. West Side Story, The Sound of Music, The Sand Pebbles and The Andromeda Strain for Wise, Crazylegs for Lyon and Bound for Glory, superlatives taken from a document published by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. These listings are based on the Awards Database maintained by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Academy Award for Best Film Editing
–
Thelma Schoonmaker and Columba Powell at the
Cannes Film Festival (2009). Schoonmaker is among the deans of film editing; Powell is the son of
Michael Powell, a prominent film director to whom Schoonmaker was married until his death in 1990.
32.
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts
–
The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts is a professional organisation of film and television practitioners in Australia. The Academys aim is to identify, award, promote and celebrate Australias greatest achievements in film, Australian actor Geoffrey Rush is the inaugural President and hosted the inaugural AACTA Awards in January 2012. The Academy receives funding by the AFI, and Australian state, in June 2011, the AFI proposed the establishment of an Australian Academy. It was also stated that the Academy would not replace the AFI, by 20 July, weeks after the consultation period ended, the AFI announced that it would go ahead with the proposed changes and the Australian Academy. During the event it was made known that the president of the inaugural awards would be Geoffrey Rush. On the night a new gold statuette was revealed, created by Australian sculptor Ron Gomboc, which depicts a human silhouette based on the shape of the Southern Cross constellation. The Academy, which has between 1,500 and 2,000 members, comprises fifteen Chapters, with each representing a different area of speciality in film, television, documentary. It is overseen by the Academys president and the Honorary Council, the role of the Honorary Council is to determine policies and strategies for the way the Academy rewards practitioners. The AACTA Awards replaced the previous Australian Film Institute Awards, the awards were first instituted by the Australian Film Institute in 1958 as part of the Melbourne International Film Festival, until 1972. Before 1969, awards were presented as a prize to non-feature films due to a lack of films produced in Australia. By 1976 competitive film awards were established and in 1987, awards for television was introduced, additionally, awards for achievements in foreign film were presented once at the AACTA International Awards in Los Angeles in 2012
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts
–
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts
Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts
–
Geoffrey Rush
33.
65th British Academy Film Awards
–
The 65th British Academy Film Awards, more commonly known as the BAFTAs, were held on 12 February 2012 at the Royal Opera House in London, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2011. The nominations were announced on 17 January 2012 by actor Daniel Radcliffe, stephen Fry, who hosted from 2001 to 2006, returned to host the ceremony. The Artist won seven out of its twelve nominations, including Best Film, Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius. Meryl Streep won Best Actress for The Iron Lady, christopher Plummer won Best Supporting Actor for Beginners and Octavia Spencer won Best Supporting Actress for The Help. Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, directed by Tomas Alfredson, was voted Outstanding British Film of 2011, Director Martin Scorsese was given the BAFTA Fellowship and Sir John Hurt garnered the BAFTA Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award
65th British Academy Film Awards
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Michel Hazanavicius, Best Director winner
65th British Academy Film Awards
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Jean Dujardin, Best Actor winner
65th British Academy Film Awards
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Meryl Streep, Best Actress winner
65th British Academy Film Awards
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Christopher Plummer, Best Supporting Actor winner
34.
64th Cannes Film Festival
–
The 64th annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 May 2011. American actor Robert De Niro served as the president of the jury for the main competition, south Korean film director Bong Joon-ho was the head of the jury for the Caméra dOr prize, which is awarded to the best first-time filmmaker. Midnight in Paris, written and directed by Woody Allen, opened the festival, mélanie Laurent hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was presented with the third Honorary Palme dOr Award at the ceremony of the festival. Though the award had been given out sporadically in the past the Honorary Palme dOr was supposed to presented annually after 2011, however it was not given again until the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. Gus Van Sants Restless opened the Un Certain Regard section, jailed Iranian film directors Jafar Panahi and Mohammad Rasoulof were honoured at the festival. Goodbye by Rasoulof and Panahis This Is Not a Film was screened at the festival, four female directors featured in the main competition, Australian Julia Leigh, Japans Naomi Kawase, Scottish director Lynne Ramsay and Frances own Maïwenn Le Besco. Danish film director Lars von Trier caused controversy with comments he made at the conference of his film Melancholia. When he was asked about the relation between the influences of German Romanticism in the film and his own German heritage, the director made jokes about Jews and Nazis. He said he understood Adolf Hitler and admired the work of architect Albert Speer, the Palme dOr was won by the American film The Tree of Life directed by Terrence Malick. Two of the producers, Bill Pohlad and Sarah Green. The Tree of Life is the first American film to win the Palme dOr since Fahrenheit 9/11 in 2004, head of the jury, Robert De Niro, said it was difficult to choose a winner, but The Tree of Life ultimately fit the bill. De Niro explained, It had the size, the importance, the intention, whatever you want to call it, that seemed to fit the prize. Declaration of War, directed by Valérie Donzelli, and Bachelor Days Are Over, feature films Special screenings Short films The following films were selected to be screened in the Cannes Classics section
64th Cannes Film Festival
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Official poster of the 64th Cannes Film Festival featuring a 1970 photo of American actress
Faye Dunaway
64th Cannes Film Festival
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Robert De Niro, president of the jury, during the festival.
64th Cannes Film Festival
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Cast and crew of
The Source at the Cannes Film Festival for the premiere of the film
64th Cannes Film Festival
–
The jury for the International competition. From left to right:
Johnnie To,
Mahamat-Saleh Haroun,
Nansun Shi,
Martina Gusman,
Robert De Niro,
Linn Ullmann,
Jude Law,
Uma Thurman and
Olivier Assayas
35.
Terrence Malick
–
Terrence Frederick Malick is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Malick began his career as part of the New Hollywood film-making wave with the films Badlands and Days of Heaven, Malicks films have been noted for exploring themes such as individual transcendence, nature, and conflicts between reason and instinct. The stylistic elements of the work have inspired divided opinions among film scholars. Terrence Malick was born in Ottawa, Illinois and he is the son of Irene and Emil A. Malick, a geologist. His paternal grandparents were Assyrian Christian immigrants from Urmia, Iran, Malick attended St. Stephens Episcopal School in Austin, Texas, while his family lived in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Malick had two brothers, Chris and Larry. Larry Malick was a guitarist who went to study in Spain with Andrés Segovia in the late 1960s, in 1968, Larry intentionally broke his own hands due to pressure over his musical studies. Their father Emil went to Spain to help Larry, but his son died shortly after, the early death of Malicks younger brother has been explored and referenced in his films The Tree of Life and Knight of Cups. Malick received a A. B. in philosophy from Harvard College, graduating cum laude. He did graduate work at Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, after a disagreement with his advisor, Gilbert Ryle, over his thesis on the concept of world in Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, Malick left Oxford without a degree. In 1969, Northwestern University Press published Malicks translation of Heideggers Vom Wesen des Grundes as The Essence of Reasons, after returning to the United States, Malick taught philosophy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology while freelancing as a journalist. He wrote articles for Newsweek, The New Yorker, and Life, Malick started his film career after earning an MFA from the AFI Conservatory in 1969, directing the short film Lanton Mills. At the AFI, he established contacts with people such as actor Jack Nicholson, longtime collaborator Jack Fisk, and agent Mike Medavoy and he wrote early uncredited drafts of Dirty Harry and Drive, He Said, and is credited with the screenplay for Pocket Money. Malick was also co-writer of The Gravy Train, under the pseudonym David Whitney, after one of his screenplays, Deadhead Miles, was made into what Paramount Pictures believed was an unreleasable film, Malick decided to direct his own scripts. Malicks first feature-length work as a director was Badlands, an independent film starring Martin Sheen and it was influenced by the crimes of convicted teenage spree killer Charles Starkweather. Malick raised half of the budget by approaching people outside of the industry, including doctors and dentists, the rest was raised by executive producer Edward R. Pressman. After a troubled production that many crew members leaving halfway through the shoot. As a result, Warner Bros. bought distribution rights for three times its budget, Malicks second film was the Paramount-produced Days of Heaven, about a love triangle that develops in the farm country of the Texas Panhandle in the early 20th century
Terrence Malick
–
Malick in 2011
36.
Directors Guild of America Award
–
The Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America. The first DGA Award was an “Honorary Life Member” award issued in 1938 to D. W. Griffith, the statues are made by New York firm, Society Awards. ‡ – Director did not win the Academy Award, § – Director was not nominated for Academy Award that year. ¿ – Originally, the DGA used a year for its award. Both films competed in the 22nd Academy Awards for 1949, all the Kings Men won Best Picture, Rossens DGA was not awarded until after the Oscars. J. A. DeGroot – The Biggest Loser 2012, Brian Smith – MasterChef 2013, Neil P. DeGroot –72 Hours 2014, Anthony B
Directors Guild of America Award
–
Logo of the Directors Guild of America Award
37.
69th Golden Globe Awards
–
The 69th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television of 2011, were broadcast live from the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on January 15,2012, by NBC. The host was Ricky Gervais, for the third consecutive year, the musical theme for the year was composed by Yoshiki Hayashi, leader of the Japanese band X Japan. The nominations were announced by Woody Harrelson, Sofía Vergara, Gerard Butler, multiple winners for the night included the silent film The Artist which won three awards and The Descendants winning two awards. The television series Homeland also won two awards and these are the nominees for the 69th Golden Globe Awards. Winners are listed at the top of each list. E
69th Golden Globe Awards
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George Clooney, Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama winner
69th Golden Globe Awards
69th Golden Globe Awards
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Meryl Streep, Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama winner
69th Golden Globe Awards
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Jean Dujardin, Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy winner
38.
Seattle International Film Festival
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The Seattle International Film Festival, held annually in Seattle, Washington since 1976, is among the top film festivals in North America. Audiences have grown steadily, the 2006 festival had 160,000 attendees, the SIFF runs for more than three weeks, in May/June, and features a diverse assortment of predominantly independent and foreign films, and a strong contingent of documentaries. SIFF2006 included more than 300 films and was the first SIFF to include a venue in neighboring Bellevue, Washington, however, in 2008, the festival was back to being entirely in Seattle, and had a slight decrease in the number of feature films. The 2010 festival featured over 400 films, shown primarily in downtown Seattle and its neighborhoods, and in Renton, Kirkland. The festival began in 1976 at a then-independent cinema, the Moore Egyptian Theater, the first five festivals were held at The Moore Egyptian, now back under its earlier name the Moore Theater and functioning as a concert venue. When founders Dan Ireland and Darryl Macdonald of the Moore Egyptian lost their lease, the Egyptian theater remains a prime festival venue to this day, although the festival now typically uses about half a dozen cinemas, with the exact roster varying from year to year. During the 1980s, SIFF audiences developed a reputation for appreciating films that did not fit standard industry niches, SIFF was instrumental in the entry of Dutch films into the United States market, including the first major American debut for director Paul Verhoeven. The festival includes a component that is unique among film festivals. Those who attend the Secret Festival do not know in advance what they will see, in general, SIFF has a reputation as an audience festival rather than an industry festival. The festival often partially overlaps the Cannes Film Festival, which can reduce attendance by industry bigwigs, fifty youth from across the United States arrive in Seattle to then travel to a local Pacific Northwest reservation to create 4 films in 36 hours. The city contributed $150,000 to the $350,000 project and this auditorium was a flagship venue for SIFF festivals and the site of most press screenings. Shortly after the 2011 festival, SIFF moved its operations to the SIFF Film Center on the Seattle Center campus, the Film Center includes a 90-seat multi-use theater, multi-media classroom, exhibition spaces, archives, and offices for SIFF and the Film School. In October 2011, SIFF Cinema moved from McCaw Hall to its current location in the Uptown Theater, SIFF utilizes all three of the Uptowns three screens for year-round programming. SIFF currently has year round programming for four screens in Seattle, in May 2014 it was announced that SIFF had purchased the Uptown Theater, and would be leasing and renovating the Egyptian Theater from Seattle Central College. Since 1985, the Seattle International Film Festival has awarded the Golden Space Needle award each year to the festivals most popular movie, ballots are cast by audience members at the end of each movie
Seattle International Film Festival
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Director
Kathryn Bigelow with SIFF Artistic Director Carl Spence - Photo by Matt Daniels
39.
Gilles Lellouche
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Gilles Lellouche is a French actor. He started his career as a director, Lellouche has appeared in more than fifty films since 1995. He was nominated twice for a César Award, in 2006 for Most Promising Actor, from 2002 to 2013, Lellouche was in a relationship with actress Mélanie Doutey. They have a daughter named Ava, born on 5 September 2009 and his brother Philippe Lellouche is also an actor and director. Gilles Lellouche at the Internet Movie Database
Gilles Lellouche
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Gilles Lellouche at the
2010 Cannes Film Festival
40.
Alexandra Lamy
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Alexandra Lamy is a French actress. Lamy started dating her Un gars, une fille costar Jean Dujardin in 2003 and they married in 2009, and divorced in November 2013. She was previous in a relationship with actor Thomas Jouannet from 1995 to 2003, with whom she had a daughter, Chloé and her sister, Audrey Lamy, is also an actress and currently stars in the French sitcom Scènes de ménage. From 1999–2003, she starred in Un gars, une fille, Thomas Jouannet Alexandra Lamy at the Internet Movie Database
Alexandra Lamy
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Alexandra Lamy at the 2014
Deauville American Film Festival
41.
List of accolades received by The Artist (film)
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The Artist is a 2011 French romantic comedy–drama film directed by Michel Hazanavicius, starring Jean Dujardin and Bérénice Bejo. The film is set in Hollywood between 1927 and 1932 and focuses on a film star and a rising actress, as silent cinema falls out of fashion and is replaced by the talkies. The film premiered at the 64th Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2011 and it was released in France on 12 October 2011. The film earned a box office total of more than $133 million. Rotten Tomatoes, an aggregator, surveyed 275 reviews and judged 97% to be positive. The Artist became the most honoured French film in history, the film garnered several awards and nominations with particular praise for the direction, the acting of its cast, the screenplay, the score, the cinematography, the editing, and the costumes. The film garnered ten nominations at the 84th Academy Awards, and went on to win five awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor. It is the first silent feature to win Best Picture after Wings at the ceremony in 1929. Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar, the film was named Best Feature at the 27th Independent Spirit Awards. It received twelve nominations at the 65th British Academy Film Awards, winning seven awards, including Best Film, Best Director, at the 37th César Awards ceremony, the film earned six awards, including Best Film and Best Actress. At the 18th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Dujardin won the award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role. The film won the Best Theatrical Motion Picture at the 23rd Producers Guild of America Awards, the 17th Critics Choice Awards, 77th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, and the 32nd London Film Critics Circle Awards named the film Best Picture. 2011 in film List of Academy Award records Awards for The Artist at the Internet Movie Database
List of accolades received by The Artist (film)
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Jean Dujardin received many awards and nominations for his performance in the film.
42.
Yahoo! Movies
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Network, is home to a large collection of information on movies, past and new releases, trailers and clips, box office information, and showtimes and movie theater information. Movies also includes red carpet photos, actor galleries, and production stills, Movies devotes special coverage to the Academy Awards with a special Oscars site. The Oscars site includes articles, show coverage, a list of the big winners, photos, videos. Movies was the home of Gregs Previews of Upcoming Movies, a version of Upcomingmovies. com, written by its creator
Yahoo! Movies
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Yahoo! Movies
43.
Miami Herald
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The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County several miles west of Miami. Founded in 1903, it is the second largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County and it also circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, the newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903. Well-known columnists include Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr. Pulitzer-winning reporter Mirta Ojito, humorist Dave Barry, other columnists include Fred Grimm and longtime sportswriter Edwin Pope. Alexandra Villoch is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez is the executive editor, the newspaper averages 88 pages daily and 212 pages on Sundays. The Miami Heralds coverage of Latin American and Hispanic affairs is widely considered among the best of U. S. newspapers. The Miami Herald also participates in Politifact Florida, a website that focuses on the truth about Florida issues, along with the Tampa Bay Times, the Herald and the Times share resources on news stories related to Florida. The first edition was published September 15,1903, as The Miami Evening Record, after the recession of 1907, the newspaper had severe financial difficulties. Its largest creditor was Henry Flagler, through a loan from Henry Flagler, Frank B. Shutts, who was also the founder of the law firm Shutts & Bowen, acquired the paper, although it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Miami, the earliest newspaper in the region was The Tropical Sun, established in 1891. The Miami Metropolis, which later became The Miami News, was founded in 1896, and was the Heralds oldest competitor until 1988, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the Miami Herald was the largest newspaper in the world, as measured by lines of advertising. During The Great Depression in the 1930s, the Herald came close to receivership, on October 25,1939, John S. Knight, son of a noted Ohio newspaperman, bought the Herald from Frank B. Knight became editor and publisher, and made his brother, James L. Knight, lee Hills arrived as city editor in September 1942. He later became the Heralds publisher and eventually the chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc. a position he held until 1981, the Miami Herald International Edition, printed by partner newspapers throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, began in 1946. It was extended to Mexico in 2002, the Herald won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miamis organized crime. Its circulation was 176,000 daily and 204,000 on Sundays, on August 19,1960, construction began on the Herald building on Biscayne Bay. Also on that day, Alvah H. Chapman, started work as James Knights assistant, Chapman was later promoted to Knight-Ridder chairman and chief executive officer. The Herald moved into its new building at One Herald Plaza without missing an edition on March 23–24,1963, publication of a Spanish-language supplemental insert named El Herald began in 1976
Miami Herald
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The March 5, 2007 front page of the Miami Herald
Miami Herald
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A Miami Herald headline dated August 7, 1945 featuring the
atomic bombing of
Hiroshima, Japan.
Miami Herald
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The Miami Herald former headquarters on
Biscayne Bay in the
Omni neighborhood of
Downtown Miami. The Herald moved from its waterfront headquarters in 2013 to a location in suburban Doral. [
dated info]
44.
The Hollywood Reporter
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Headquartered in Los Angeles, THR is part of the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a group of properties that includes Billboard and SpinMedia. It is owned by Eldridge Industries, a company owned by an executive of its previous owner. Under Janice Min, a faltering THR was relaunched in 2010 as a weekly print magazine with a revamped, continuously updated website, as well as mobile. THR was founded in 1930 by William R, billy Wilkerson as Hollywoods first daily entertainment trade newspaper. The first edition appeared on September 3,1930, and featured Wilkersons front-page Tradeviews column, the newspaper appeared Monday to Saturday for the first 10 years, except for a brief period, then Monday to Friday from 1940. Wilkerson ran the THR until his death in September 1962, although his final column appeared 18 months prior, from the late 1930s, Wilkerson used THR to push the view that the industry was a communist stronghold. In particular, he opposed the screenplay writers trade union, the Screen Writers Guild, in 1946 the Guild considered creating an American Authors Authority to hold copyright for writers, instead of ownership passing to the studios. Wilkerson devoted his Tradeviews column to the issue on July 29,1946 and he went to confession before publishing it, knowing the damage it would cause, but was apparently encouraged by the priest to go ahead with it. The column contained the first industry names, including Dalton Trumbo and Howard Koch, on became the Hollywood blacklist. Eight of the 11 people Wilkerson named were among the Hollywood Ten who were blacklisted after hearings in 1947 by the House Un-American Activities Committee. In 1997 THR reporter David Robb wrote a story about the newspapers involvement, for the blacklists 65th anniversary in 2012, the THR published a lengthy investigative piece about Wilkersons role, by reporters Gary Baum and Daniel Miller. The same edition carried an apology from Wilkersons son, W. R. Wilkerson III and he wrote that his father had been motivated by revenge for his thwarted ambition to own a studio. Wilkersons wife, Tichi Wilkerson Kassel, took over as publisher and she sold the paper on April 11,1988, to Affiliated Publications, parent company of Billboard Publications, for $26.7 million. Robert J. Dowling became THR president in 1988 and editor-in-chief, Dowling brought in Alex Ben Block as editor in 1990, and editorial quality of both news and specials steadily improved. Block and Teri Ritzer dampened much of the coverage and cronyism that had infected the paper under Wilkerson. After Block left, former editor at Variety, Anita Busch, was brought in as editor between 1999 and 2001. Busch was credited with making the paper competitive with Variety, tony Uphoff assumed the publisher position in November 2005. Uphoff was replaced in October 2006 by John Kilcullen, the publisher of Billboard, Kilcullen was a defendant in Billboards infamous dildo lawsuit, in which he was accused of race discrimination and sexual harassment
The Hollywood Reporter
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Dwayne Johnson on the June 2014 cover
45.
HitFix
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In mid-2010 HitFix crossed the 1,000,000 unique users per month milestone. As of April 2013, HitFix was ranked 17th among all entertainment news websites by Alexa, HitFix has been cited as a source by such publications as Time, Los Angeles Times, The Huffington Post, E. Online, and The Daily Herald. In April 2016, it became a brand of Woven Digital, HitFix was founded by ex-Reed Business Information Development executive, Jen Sargent, and former L. A. Times and MSN. com film editor, Gregory Ellwood, HitFix received its first funding from Golden Seeds, the fourth largest angel investment group in the United States, in 2009. Since then, HitFix has twice benefited from investment from the Tech Coast Angels, the first such investment came in February 2009 in the amount of $850,000. In June 2010, the Angels added to their commitment investing an additional $1,600,000, in addition to Golden Seeds and Tech Coast Angels, HitFix investors include HBS Angels, Liquid Capital, and Gordon Crawford. In addition to being one of its co-founders, Ellwood reports on movies, formerly known as “Moriarty”, McWeeny previously wrote for Aint It Cool News. In addition to being a screenwriter and movie critic, McWeeny now covers the industry for HitFix. McWeeny announced his move to HitFix in 2008 in a review of The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, on September 20,2016, McWeeny announced via Twitter that he would no longer be working for Hitfix. After 14 years at the New Jersey Star-Ledger, Sepinwall—also known for his blog, last spring, NBC executives went so far as to credit Sepinwall by name for his role in earning a renewal for Chuck. Slate Magazine credited Sepinwall with having changed the nature of television criticism
HitFix
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HitFix, Inc.
46.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
47.
Frank Borzage
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Frank Borzage was an American film director and actor, most remembered for directing 7th Heaven, Mans Castle, and The Mortal Storm. Frank Borzages father, Luigi Borzaga, was born in Ronzone in 1859, as a stonemason, he sometimes worked in Switzerland, he met his future wife, Maria Ruegg, where she worked in a silk factory. Borzaga emigrated to Hazleton, Pennsylvania in the early 1880s where he worked as a coal miner and he brought his fiancee to the United States and they married in Hazleton in 1883. Their first child, Henry, was born in 1885, the Borzaga family moved to Salt Lake City, Utah, where Frank Borzage was born in 1894, and the family remained based until 1919. The couple had fourteen children, eight of whom survived childhood, Henry, Mary Emma, Bill, Frank, Daniel, Lew, Dolly, Luigi Borzaga died in Los Angeles in a car accident in 1934, his wife Maria died of cancer in 1947. In 1912, Frank Borzage found employment as an actor in Hollywood and his directorial debut came in 1915 with the film, The Pitch o Chance. On June 7,1916, Borzage married vaudeville and film actress Lorena Rena Rogers in Los Angeles, in 1945, he married Edna Stillwell Skelton, the ex-wife of comedian Red Skelton, they were divorced in 1949. Borzage died of cancer in 1962, aged 68, and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, for his contributions to film, Borzage was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Borzage was a successful director throughout the 1920s but reached his peak in the late silent, absorbing visual influences from the German director F. W. He won a second Oscar for 1931s Bad Girl. to Three Comrades and his work took a turn to religiosity in such films as Green Light, Strange Cargo and The Big Fisherman. Of his later work only the film noir Moonrise has enjoyed critical acclaim. After 1948, his output was sporadic and he was the original director of Journey Beneath the Desert, but was too sick to continue, and Edgar G. Ulmer took over. Borzage was uncredited for the sequences he did direct, in 1955 and 1957, Borzage was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. Frank Borzage, the Life and Times of a Hollywood Romantic, souls Made Great Through Love and Adversity, the Film Work of Frank Borzage. Frank Borzage at the Internet Movie Database Frank Borzage at AllMovie Senses of Cinema, Great Directors Critical Database They Shoot Pictures, a Farewell to Arms – This Borzage-directed adaptation of Ernest Hemingways novel has fallen into the public domain and is available online through the Internet Archive. Frank Borzage and the Classic Hollywood Style Frank Borzage at Find a Grave Frank Borzage at Virtual History
Frank Borzage
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Photoplay Magazine, 1920
48.
Lewis Milestone
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Lewis Milestone was a Moldovan-born American motion picture director. He is known for directing Two Arabian Knights and All Quiet on the Western Front, Milestone was born in Kishinev, in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, to a family of Jewish heritage. He came to the United States in 1912, just prior to World War I, Milestone held a number of odd jobs before enlisting in the U. S. Signal Corps, where he worked as an assistant director on Army training films during the war. In 1919 he became a citizen of the United States. After the war he went to Hollywood, where he first worked as a film cutter, howard Hughes promoted Milestone to director and one of his early efforts, the 1928 film Two Arabian Knights, won him an Oscar in the first Academy Award ceremony. He also directed The Racket, a gangster film. Milestone won his second Academy Award for All Quiet on the Western Front and his next, The Front Page, brought the Ben Hecht/Charles MacArthur play to the screen. In the Front Page Milestone was one of the first directors to use the rotoambulator, the rotoambulator is a combination of a crane and a dolly with three wheels. The rotoambulator was used in the scene of the Front Page where Walter Bums descends to the shipping area of his plant. The rotoambulator was used to capture the scene in a way that had never been done before. It earned him another Oscar nomination and his work during the 1930s and 1940s was always easily identifiable by its lighting and imaginative use of fluid camera. During this time, he made the original Of Mice and Men, then in the war years Milestone made The North Star, The Purple Heart, and A Walk in the Sun, movies made during and set in World War II. In these films, he defended the worlds fighting both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, after the war, he was blacklisted under the suspicion that he was a communist sympathizer. Deciding to wait for anti-communist hostility to cool, he and his left for Europe. In the U. S. he made other films before leaving for Europe and he worked extensively in television from the mid-1950s on. He returned to the U. S. to make two films, Oceans 11 starring the Rat Pack including Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. The original Oceans 11 worked, but Bounty became a box office bomb, with no other work to do, he turned to TV work which he disliked, then left directing as his health began failing. Milestone died from natural causes on September 25,1980, five short of his 85th birthday
Lewis Milestone
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Milestone in 1930
Lewis Milestone
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2003 stamp
49.
Frank Lloyd
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Frank William George Lloyd was an American film director, scriptwriter and producer. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Lloyd was born in Glasgow, Scotland. His mother Jane was Scottish and his father Edmund was Welsh and he is Scotlands first Academy Award winner and is unique in film history, having received three Oscar nominations in 1929 for his work on a silent film, a part-talkie and a full talkie. He won for The Divine Lady and he was nominated and won again in 1933 for his adaptation of Noël Cowards Cavalcade and received a further Best Director nomination in 1935 for perhaps his most successful film, Mutiny on the Bounty. Lloyd was nominated five times for the Academy Award for Best Directing, for Weary River, The Divine Lady, Drag, Cavalcade and he won for The Divine Lady and Cavalcade. In 1957 he was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. On February 8,1960, Lloyd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard, Lloyd was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Frank Lloyd at the Internet Movie Database Frank Lloyd Films website, includes additional biographical information
Frank Lloyd
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Frank Lloyd
listen); born 29 March 1967) is a French film director, producer, screenwriter and film editor best known for his 2011 film, The Artist, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 84th Academy Awards. It also won him the Academy Award for Best Director. He also directed spy film parodies OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies (2006) and OSS 117: Lost in Rio (2009).
