1.
Michigan
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Michigan /ˈmɪʃᵻɡən/ is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit, Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, the two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, as a result, it is one of the leading U. S. states for recreational boating. Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds, a person in the state is never more than six miles from a natural water source or more than 85 miles from a Great Lakes shoreline. What is now the state of Michigan was first settled by Native American tribes before being colonized by French explorers in the 17th century, the area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800, when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Eventually, in 1805, the Michigan Territory was formed, which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 26,1837, the state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination. Though Michigan has come to develop an economy, it is widely known as the center of the U. S. automotive industry. When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were Algonquian peoples, which include the Anishinaabe groups of Ojibwe, Odaawaa/Odawa, the three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. The Ojibwe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the largest, French voyageurs and coureurs des bois explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what became Michigan were those of Étienne Brûlés expedition in 1622, the first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions, missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at Saint Ignace and Marquette. Jesuit missionaries were received by the areas Indian populations, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph, in 1691, the French established a trading post and Fort St. Joseph along the St. Joseph River at the present day city of Niles. The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one arpent, cadillacs wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post, the Église de Saint-Anne was founded the same year
2.
Bill Huizenga
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William Patrick Bill Huizenga /ˈhaɪzᵻŋɡə/ is an American politician who has been the U. S. Representative for Michigans 2nd congressional district since 2011 and he is a member of the Republican Party. He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2003-09, Huizenga is the current co-owner and operator of Huizenga Gravel Company, a third generation business located in Jenison, Michigan. He has been affiliated with it for most of his life, in the early 1990s, Huizenga obtained his Michigan Real Estate sales license, and he quickly became one of the most successful realtors in southwest Michigan. He left real estate in 1996 when he was recruited by U. S, congressman Peter Hoekstra to be his Director of Public Policy. For six years, from 1996 through 2002, he traveled throughout western Michigan becoming familiar with the towns and cities. Starting with his first election in 2002, Huizenga represented the 90th district for three terms, by winning re-election in 2004 and 2006, after the 2006 election he was term limited. Huizenga voted for the version of the Michigan Business Tax, but opposed the 22% surcharge. Representative for Michigans 2nd congressional district, defeating Democratic nominee Fred Johnson in the general election, 64% of the ballots were cast for Huizenga, and 32% were cast for Johnson. The district is rated Solid Republican by The New York Times and this district and its predecessors have been in Republican hands without interruption since 1935, and only four Democrats have ever represented it since its creation in 1873. After serving 18 years, Republican incumbent Peter Hoekstra retired to run for the Republican nomination in the 2010 Michigan Gubernatorial race. 2012 In 2012, Huizenga was reelected to the U. S. House, defeating Willie German Jr. of the Democratic Party, Mary Buzuma of the Libertarian Party, taxpayers Party and William Opalicky of the Green Party. Huizenga has served as his churchs representative to Michigan Right to Life for the last 9 years, Huizenga and his wife have five children and live in Zeeland. In December 2016, Rep. Huizenga used his sons broken arm as an example of rationing healthcare, instead of visiting an ER or urgent care center, Rep. Huizenga and his wife waited an evening and a night to visit a doctor. Levin, Michigan. gov, June 29,2010 MichCapCon Profile, The 2nd Congressional District Primary, Ken Braun, Mackinac Center for Public Policy, July 7,2010
3.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
4.
Zeeland, Michigan
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Zeeland is a city in Ottawa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,504 at the 2010 census, the city is located at the western edge of Zeeland Charter Township which is politically independent. Its name is derived from the Dutch province of Zeeland, the emigrants were led by Jannes van de Luijster, a wealthy landowner who sold his holdings in the Netherlands to advance money for the members to pay their debts and buy passage to America. Their settlement, some 16,000 acres of land occupied by the Odawa people, was named after their home province of Zeeland. Van de Luyster arranged for three ships to sail for the United States and he came on the first ship, arriving on June 27,1847. He was followed by the Steketee group on July 4, the total number of settlers was 457. The first building was a church, the town of Zeeland was platted in 1849, and the school district was organized the following year. Within twenty-five years, Zeeland had acquired a sawmill, a factory, blacksmith shops, grocery stores. The village officially became a city in 1907 with a population of almost 3,000, there was a two-story brick kindergarten building, a two-story brick grade school, and a brick house building. The city also had four factories, one large manufacturing plant. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 3.01 square miles. The town itself is located on a hill, giving the city a higher elevation compared to the surrounding township land, much of the outlying areas contain farmland and forest. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,504 people,2,246 households, the population density was 1,840.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,446 housing units at a density of 818.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 8% White,1. 1% African American,0. 4% Native American,1. 3% Asian,1. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 4% of the population. 33. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 21. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age in the city was 38.8 years. 25. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,23. 8% were from 25 to 44,20. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 22. 7% were 65 years of age or older
5.
White people
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White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Europid ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context. The contemporary usage of people or a white race as a large group of populations contrasting with black, American Indian. It is today used as a racial classifier in multiracial societies, such as North Africa, United States. The term white race or white people entered the major European languages in the later 17th century, in the context of racialized slavery, description of populations as white in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient sources. Scholarship on race generally distinguishes the concept from pre-modern descriptions of collective difference. In the literature of the Ancient Near East and Classical Antiquity and we know that Egyptians were not oblivious to skin color, however, because artists paid attention to it in works of art, to the extent the pigments at the time permitted. Classicist James Dee states the Greeks do not describe themselves as white people—or as anything else because they had no word in their color vocabulary for themselves. Peoples skin color did not carry meaning, what mattered is where they lived. Religious conversion was sometimes described figuratively as a change in skin color, similarly, the Rigveda uses krsna tvac black skin as a metaphor for irreligiosity. The Ancient Egyptian funerary text known as the Book of Gates distinguishes four groups in a procession and these are the Egyptians, the Levantine/Canaanite peoples or Asiatics, the Nubians and the fair-skinned Libyans. The Egyptians are depicted as a reddish brown, the Nubians as black skinned, the Semites from the Levant and Canaan as light skinned. Herodotus described the Scythian Budini as having blue eyes and bright red hair. And the Egyptians – quite like the Colchians – as melánchroes and he also gives the possibly first reference to the common Greek name of the tribes living south of Egypt, otherwise known as Nubians, which was Aithíopes. Later Xenophon described the Aethiopians as black and the Persian troops as white compared to the skin of Greek troops. These color adjectives are found in contrast to the standard set by the own group. According to historian Irene Silverblatt, Race thinking … made social categories into racial truths, Alastair Bonnett argues that white identity, as it is presently conceived, is an American project, reflecting American interpretations of race and history. According to Gregory Jay, a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Before the age of exploration, group differences were based on language, religion. … the European had always reacted a bit hysterically to the differences of skin color, in the 16th and 17th centuries, East Asian peoples were almost uniformly described as white, never as yellow
6.
Black people
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As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context. For many other individuals, communities and countries, black is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as black, and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, in the United Kingdom, black was historically equivalent with person of color, a general term for non-European peoples. In South Africa and Latin America, mixed-race people are not classified as black. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the term black or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds. The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, a state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail the Bloodthirsty raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard and he claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry. Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman, in response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish, due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males, the men interpreted the Quran to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage, leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab masters child, she was considered as umm walad or mother of a child, the child was given rights of inheritance to the fathers property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers social status at birth and were born free, some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a child of a slave, his mother was Fulani. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically free, was not so common in Morocco, the long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd, it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people. In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against Sudans non-Arab citizens. The government was accused of deftly manipulat Arab solidarity to carry out policies of apartheid, American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. The Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid, many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid
7.
Hispanic
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The term Hispanic broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain. It commonly applies to countries once colonized by the Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia, particularly the countries of Latin America and the Philippines. It could be argued that the term should apply to all Spanish-speaking cultures or countries and it is difficult to label a nation or culture with one term, such as Hispanic, as the ethnicities, customs, traditions, and art forms vary greatly by country and region. The Spanish language and Spanish culture are the main traditions, the term Hispanic derives from Latin Hispanicus, the adjectival derivation of Latin Hispania and Hispanus/Hispanos, ultimately probably of Celtiberian origin. In English the word is attested from the 16th century, the words Spain, Spanish, and Spaniard are of the same etymology as Hispanus, ultimately. Hispanus was the Latin name given to a person from Hispania during Roman rule, in English, the term Hispano-Roman is sometimes used. The Hispano-Romans were composed of people from different indigenous tribes. A number of men, such as Trajan, Hadrian. Hispano-Roman is used to refer to the culture and people of Hispania, Hispanic is used to refer to modern Spain, to the Spanish language, and to the Spanish-speaking nations of the world and particularly the Americas. Spanish is used to refer to the people, nationality, culture, language, Spaniard is used to refer to the people of Spain. Hispania was the Roman name for the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. Initially, this territory was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, in 27 B. C, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. This division of Hispania explains the usage of the singular and plural forms used to refer to the peninsula and this revival of the old Roman concept in the Middle Ages appears to have originated in Provençal, and was first documented at the end of the 11th century. In the Council of Constance, the four kingdoms shared one vote, the word Lusitanian, relates to Lusitania or Portugal, also in reference to the Lusitanians, possibly one of the first Indo-European tribes to settle in Europe. From this tribes name had derived the name of the Roman province of Lusitania, the terms Spain and the Spains were not interchangeable. Spain was a territory, home to several kingdoms, with separate governments, laws, languages, religions, and customs. Spain was not an entity until much later, and when referring to the Middle Ages. The term The Spains referred specifically to a collective of juridico-political units, first the Christian kingdoms, although colloquially and literally the expression King of Spain or King of the Spains was already widespread, it did not refer to a unified nation-state
8.
Native Americans in the United States
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In the United States, Native Americans are people descended from the Pre-Columbian indigenous population of the land within the countrys modern boundaries. These peoples were composed of distinct tribes, bands, and ethnic groups. Most Native American groups had historically preserved their histories by oral traditions and artwork, at the time of first contact, the indigenous cultures were quite different from those of the proto-industrial and mostly Christian immigrants. Some of the Northeastern and Southwestern cultures in particular were matrilineal, the majority of Indigenous American tribes maintained their hunting grounds and agricultural lands for use of the entire tribe. Europeans at that time had patriarchal cultures and had developed concepts of property rights with respect to land that were extremely different. Assimilation became a consistent policy through American administrations, during the 19th century, the ideology of manifest destiny became integral to the American nationalist movement. Expansion of European-American populations to the west after the American Revolution resulted in increasing pressure on Native American lands and this resulted in the ethnic cleansing of many tribes, with the brutal, forced marches coming to be known as The Trail of Tears. As American expansion reached into the West, settler and miner migrants came into increasing conflict with the Great Basin, Great Plains and these were complex nomadic cultures based on horse culture and seasonal bison hunting. Over time, the United States forced a series of treaties and land cessions by the tribes, in 1924, Native Americans who were not already U. S. citizens were granted citizenship by Congress. Contemporary Native Americans have a relationship with the United States because they may be members of nations, tribes. The terms used to refer to Native Americans have at times been controversial, by comparison, the indigenous peoples of Canada are generally known as First Nations. It is not definitively known how or when the Native Americans first settled the Americas and these early inhabitants, called Paleoamericans, soon diversified into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes. The archaeological periods used are the classifications of archaeological periods and cultures established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips 1958 book Method and they divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, see Archaeology of the Americas. The Clovis culture, a hunting culture, is primarily identified by use of fluted spear points. Artifacts from this culture were first excavated in 1932 near Clovis, the Clovis culture ranged over much of North America and also appeared in South America. The culture is identified by the distinctive Clovis point, a flaked flint spear-point with a notched flute, dating of Clovis materials has been by association with animal bones and by the use of carbon dating methods. Recent reexaminations of Clovis materials using improved carbon-dating methods produced results of 11,050 and 10,800 radiocarbon years B. P, other tribes have stories that recount migrations across long tracts of land and a great river, believed to be the Mississippi River. Genetic and linguistic data connect the people of this continent with ancient northeast Asians
9.
Cook Partisan Voting Index
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The Cook Political Report introduced the PVI in August 1997 to better gauge the competitiveness of each district using the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections as a baseline. The index is based on analysis by the Center for Voting, the national average for 2004 and 2008 was 51. 2% Democratic to 48. 8% Republican. For example, in Alaskas at-large congressional district, the Republican candidate won 63% and 61% of the two-party share in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections, respectively. Comparing the average of two results against the average national share, this district has voted 13 percentage points more Republican than the country as a whole. Prior to its April 2009 update, the PVI formula was calculated by comparing district-level results for the past two elections to nationwide results for the most recent election. David Nir of the Swing State Project advocated a change to the new formula, the most Democratic congressional district in the country is New Yorks 15th, located in the Bronx, with a PVI of D+43. The most Republican district is Texass 13th at R+32, as for states as a whole, Wyoming and Utah are the most Republican at R+22, and Hawaii is the most Democratic at D+20. The most Democratic congressional districts to be represented by a Republican are Iowas 1st, Iowas 1st is represented by Rod Blum and New Yorks 24th is represented by John Katko. The most Republican congressional district to be represented by a Democrat is Minnesotas 7th, in total there are nine Democratic-leaning House districts represented by Republicans following the 2014 elections and eight Republican-leaning House districts represented by Democrats. This represents a total of 17 out of 435 Representatives from districts with a PVI opposite to their own party, in the Senate, the most Republican-leaning state to have a Democratic senator is West Virginia, with Democrat Joe Manchin. The most Democratic-leaning state to have a Republican senator is Maine with Republican Susan Collins, the most Democratic-leaning state to have two Republican senators is Iowa, represented by Chuck Grassley and Joni Ernst. Four Republican-leaning states have governors from the Democratic Party while twelve Democratic-leaning states have governors from the Republican Party, all Republican-leaning states have a majority Republican house delegation, as well as six Democratic-leaning states and neutral Virginia. Note that the seven states with one representative must be among these. Psephology, the analysis of elections. Political party strength in U. S. states The Cook Political Report
10.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
11.
Congressional district
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A congressional district is an electoral constituency that elects a single member of a congress. Countries with congressional districts include the United States, the Philippines, a congressional district is based on population, which, in the United States, is taken using a census every ten years. There are 435 congressional districts in the United States House of Representatives, in addition to the 435 congressional districts, the five inhabited U. S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D. C. each send a non-voting delegate to the House of Representatives. The Census Bureau within the United States Department of Commerce conducts a decennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of districts within each state. The 2012 elections were the first to be based on the districts which were defined based on the 2010 Census data. List of electoral districts by nation House of Representatives House of Representatives of the Philippines United States House of Representatives
12.
West Michigan
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West Michigan and Western Michigan are terms for an arbitrarily selected region in the U. S. state of Michigan in its Lower Peninsula. Generally, West Michigan refers to the Grand Rapids- Muskegon- Holland area, in general, West Michigan often refers to the area bounded by the cities of Muskegon, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek and St. Joseph-Benton Harbor. Other definitions include the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek and Benton Harbor-St, joseph regions, which can be considered distinct regions or parts of other regions such as Michiana, Southern Michigan, or Southwest Michigan, in the case of Benton Harbor-St. Other areas, such as Montcalm County in the northeast corner of the region, are areas that straddle Michigan regions but are included for classification purposes. See also List of Michigan state parks and geography of Michigan, the area is considered to be part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids. In northwest Kent County is Fruit Ridge, which is a prime fruit-growing region, the following table contains the largest municipalities of West Michigan according to the 2010 Census. This list holds for nearly every geographic definition of West Michigan, if Battle Creek were included, it would be ranked fourth. Five of the cities, Wyoming, Kentwood, Portage, Norton Shores. The presence of cities in the top ten reflects both the large geographic area of these cities, as well as the long and continuing growth of suburban areas in West Michigan. M-40 running North and South from Mottville, Michigan to Holland, Great Lakes Coast Watch Info Michigan, detailed information on 630 cities Michigan Department of Natural Resources website, harbors, hunting, resources and more. List of Museums, other attractions compiled by state government, Michigan Historic Markers Michigans Official Economic Development and Travel Site. Historic Light Station Information and Photography, Michigan, united States Coast Guard Historians Office. Map of Michigan Lighthouse in PDF Format, seeing the Light, Terry Pepper on lighthouses of the Western Great Lakes
13.
Benzie County, Michigan
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Benzie County is a county in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,525, the county was initially set off in 1863 and organized in 1869. The name Benzie is derived from the French la rivière aux Bec-scies, americans altered the pronunciation of the rivers name, which became known as the Betsie River. A similar alteration in pronunciation produced Benzie, at 321 square miles, Benzie County is the smallest of the 83 counties in Michigan. Benzie County is part of the Traverse City, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 860 square miles, of which 320 square miles is land and 540 square miles is water. It is the smallest county in Michigan by land area, Benzie County is located in the northwest of the Lower Peninsula, in the little finger position of the mitten-shaped peninsula and is considered to be part of the Northern Michigan region. Lake Michigan is to the west, Leelanau County and the Leelanau Peninsula are to the north, Grand Traverse County and Traverse City are to the east. Wexford County is to the southeast and Manistee County to the south, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore extends into the northwest portion of the county. Crystal Lake is a prominent physical feature of the area, portions of the Pere Marquette State Forest lie within the county and offers several trails including a 10-mile route along the Betsie River and a 5. 8-mile trail near Lake Ann. There are state forest campgrounds at Platte River and Lake Ann, the Betsie River State Game Area is located just east of Elberta. 50 miles of the Betsie River is a state-designated Natural River from Grass Lake, just west of the Grand Traverse County line, to its inlet into Lake Betsie just east of Elberta. US31 enters the county from the south, passes through Benzonia, M-22 traverses the western edge of the county, providing a scenic drive along the shore of Lake Michigan. M-115 enters the county from the south, angling northwest, m-168 was one of the shortest state highways in Michigan, extending 0.95 miles from a junction with M-22 in downtown Elberta northwest to the former Ann Arbor Railroad ferry docks. The population density was 50 people per square mile, there were 10,312 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 39% White,0. 28% Black or African American,1. 59% Native American,0. 16% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 39% from other races, and 1. 19% from two or more races. 1. 46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 0% were of German,13. 5% Polish,9. 2% Irish,7. 6% American,6. 0% British and 5. 0% French ancestry according to Census 2000. 96. 8% spoke English and 1. 9% Spanish as a first language,24. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the family size was 2.86
14.
Manistee County, Michigan
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Manistee County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,733, the name Manistee is from an Ojibwe word first applied to the principal river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from ministigweyaa, see also, List of Michigan county name etymologies and Kaministiquia River. The county was set off in 1840 and organized in 1855, there are thirteen recognized Michigan historical markers in the county, Harriet Quimby / Childhood Home John J. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,281 square miles. Manistee County is considered to be part of Northern Michigan, US31 M-22 M-55 starts two miles north of Manistee, and proceeds 155 miles across the Lower Peninsula to Tawas. M-115 As of the census of 2000, there were 24,527 people,9,860 households, the population density was 45 people per square mile. There were 14,272 housing units at a density of 26 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 16% White,1. 63% Black or African American,1. 30% Native American,0. 32% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 01% from other races, and 1. 55% from two or more races. 2. 61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 5% were of German,16. 9% Polish,8. 8% English,8. 8% American and 7. 1% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 96. 2% spoke English and 2. 3% Spanish as their first language,27. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the family size was 2.86. In the county, the population was out with 22. 60% under the age of 18,6. 70% from 18 to 24,26. 30% from 25 to 44,26. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 103.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,208, and the median income for a family was $41,664. Males had an income of $33,211 versus $20,851 for females
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Wexford County, Michigan
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Wexford County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,735, Wexford County is part of the Cadillac, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Missaukee County. It is considered to be part of Northern Michigan, the county is also known for being the location of the first known sighting of the Michigan dogman. The county was established by the Michigan Legislature in 1840 as Kautawaubet County, after a Potawatomi phrase meaning broken tooth, in 1843, legislators renamed the county Wexford, after County Wexford in Ireland. It was formally organized in 1869, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 575 square miles, of which 565 square miles is land and 10 square miles is water. The population density was 54 people per square mile, there were 14,872 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 29% White,0. 19% Black or African American,0. 74% Native American,0. 42% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 24% from other races, and 1. 09% from two or more races. 1. 01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 21. 4% were of German,11. 3% English,9. 5% American,9. 4% Irish,6. 1% Dutch,5. 8% Swedish and 5. 3% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000. 97. 7% spoke English and 1. 1% Spanish as their first language,24. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.00. In the county, the population was out with 26. 80% under the age of 18,7. 70% from 18 to 24,28. 10% from 25 to 44,23. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 98.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $35,363, and the median income for a family was $39,915. Males had an income of $31,198 versus $21,733 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,144, about 7. 70% of families and 10. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 50% of those under age 18 and 8. 50% of those age 65 or over. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships
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Mason County, Michigan
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Mason County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,705, Mason County comprises the Ludington, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named for Stevens T. Mason, Governor of Michigan and it was created by the Michigan Legislature in 1840 as Notipekago County, then renamed Mason County in 1843. The county was administered by Ottawa County prior to the organization of county government in 1855. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,242 square miles. The population density was 57 people per square mile, there were 16,063 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 95. 84% White,0. 73% Black or African American,0. 78% Native American,0. 28% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 82% from other races, and 1. 53% from two or more races. 3. 01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 5% were of German,10. 4% Polish,8. 8% English,8. 5% Irish,7. 7% American and 5. 0% Swedish ancestry according to Census 2000. 96. 0% spoke English and 2. 2% Spanish as their first language,26. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the family size was 2.92. In the county, the population was out with 24. 20% under the age of 18,7. 10% from 18 to 24,26. 20% from 25 to 44,25. 80% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 97.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,704, and the median income for a family was $41,654. Males had an income of $33,873 versus $22,616 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,713, about 8. 20% of families and 11. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 50% of those under age 18 and 7. 00% of those age 65 or over. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities, Mason County History Companion Mason County Michigan History and Directory Mason County Memories Great Lakes Maritime Carferry History
17.
Lake County, Michigan
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Lake County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,539, the county was created by the Michigan Legislature in 1840 as Aishcum County, then renamed Lake County in 1843, for its many lakes. It was administered by a succession of other Michigan counties prior to the organization of county government in 1871. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 574 square miles. The population density was 20 people per square mile, there were 13,498 housing units at an average density of 24 per square mile. 1. 69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20. 2% were of English ancestry,20. 0% were of German ancestry,8. 4% were of Irish ancestry,97. 5% spoke English and 1. 3% Spanish as their first language. 29. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.79. In the county, the population was out with 21. 90% under the age of 18,8. 00% from 18 to 24,22. 70% from 25 to 44,27. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 109.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.60 males, the median income for a household in the county was $26,622, and the median income for a family was $32,086. Males had an income of $30,124 versus $21,886 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,457, about 14. 70% of families and 19. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. 30% of those under age 18 and 12. 00% of those age 65 or over. 24/7 Wall St. reported that Lake County is the poorest county in Michigan, the county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships. Chief Trial Court Judge, Mark S. Wickens Prosecuting Attorney, Craig Cooper Sheriff, Richard L. Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University
18.
Oceana County, Michigan
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Oceana County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,570, long known as part of the large Ojibwe territory, the county was founded by European Americans in 1840 and organized in 1855. Settlers were attracted by access along the White River, which reaches its mouth on Lake Michigan in Muskegon County to the south, Oceana County is thought to be named for Lake Michigan, a freshwater ocean, which forms its western border. Clarke said it was named for the book Oceana, written by English author James Harrington in 1656, Oceana County is famous as the Asparagus Capital of the World for its high production of asparagus. The annual Asparagus Festival includes a parade and crowning of the Asparagus Queen, in the 1850s about 1400 Odawa were relocated here from Ionia County, Michigan by the federal government. The county economy was first built on the trade, with logs floated downriver. It later was developed for agriculture, in the 21st century, it is known for its commodity crop of asparagus. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,306 square miles. The county is considered to be part of West Michigan, the countys western border is formed by Lake Michigan. Mason County Muskegon County Newaygo County Ozaukee County, Wisconsin Sheboygan County, US31 M-20 M-120 B-15 This rural county reached a peak of population in 2000. It has attracted Hispanic or Latino immigrants who work as farm laborers. The 2010 United States Census indicates Oceana County had a 2010 population of 26,570 and this is a decrease of -303 people from the 2000 United States Census. Overall, the county had a -1. 1% growth rate during this ten-year period, in 2010 there were 10,174 households and 7,239 families in the county. The population density was 51.9 per square mile, there were 15,944 housing units at an average density of 31.1 per square mile. The average household size was 2.58 and the family size was 3.04. In the county, the population was out with 24. 9% under age of 18,7. 5% from 18 to 24,21. 5% from 25 to 44,29. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males, the 2010 American Community Survey 3-year estimate indicates the median income for a household in the county was $39,043 and the median income for a family was $46,816
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Newaygo County, Michigan
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Newaygo County is a county in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 48,460, the county seat is White Cloud. The county was created in 1840 and organized in 1851 and it was either named for an Ojibwe leader who signed the Saginaw Treaty of 1819 or for a Native American word meaning much water. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 862 square miles, the county is considered to be part of West Michigan. The county has more than 230 natural lakes, the combined total of all the rivers and streams is longer than 350 miles. Three huge dams, Croton, Hardy, and Newaygo, were built at the beginning of the 20th century, the Hardy Dam is the largest earthen dam east of the Mississippi. Over half of the county is in the Manistee National Forest, the population density was 57 people per square mile. There were 23,202 housing units at a density of 28 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 94. 80% White,1. 12% Black or African American,0. 65% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 63% from other races, and 1. 48% from two or more races. 3. 85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,95. 7% spoke English and 3. 2% Spanish as their first language. 22. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.13. In the county, the population was out with 29. 10% under the age of 18,7. 40% from 18 to 24,27. 50% from 25 to 44,23. 20% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 99.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $37,130, and the median income for a family was $42,498. Males had an income of $35,549 versus $22,738 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,976, about 9. 00% of families and 11. 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 60% of those under age 18 and 8. 50% of those age 65 or over. The Catholic church had 3,242 members, Newaygo County is considered to be part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids. Tourism is the most important economic activity in Newaygo County, secondly is a blend of agricultural and small manufacturing
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Muskegon County, Michigan
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Muskegon County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of 2014, the population was 172,344, Muskegon County comprises the Muskegon, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the larger Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Muskegon, MI Combined Statistical Area. The White River flows through the county to its mouth at Lake Michigan, around 1812, Jean Baptiste Recollect and Pierre Constant set up trading posts in the area. By the Treaty of Washington, Native Americans ceded parts of Michigan, including future Muskegon County and this opened up the area to greater settlement by European Americans, who developed farms. Muskegon County was organized in 1859 and its name is from the Muskegon River, which runs through it and empties into Muskegon Lake and subsequently flows into Lake Michigan. The word Muskegon comes from the Ojibwa/Chippewa word mashkig, meaning marsh or swamp, see List of Michigan county name etymologies. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,460 square miles. 77. 4% were non-Hispanic White,14. 6% Black or African American,0. 6% Asian,0. 9% Native American, and 2. 5% of two or more races. As of the census of 2000, there were 170,200 people,63,330 households, the population density was 334 people per square mile. There were 68,556 housing units at a density of 135 per square mile. 3. 53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,17. 2% were of German,9. 8% Dutch,7. 3% American,7. 2% English,6. 8% Irish and 5. 5% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000. 95. 9% spoke English and 2. 6% Spanish as their first language,25. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.10. In the county, the population was out with 27. 50% under the age of 18,8. 70% from 18 to 24,29. 00% from 25 to 44,21. 90% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 98.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.40 males, the median income for a household in the county was $38,008, and the median income for a family was $45,710. Males had an income of $35,952 versus $25,430 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,967, about 8. 80% of families and 11. 40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 00% of those under age 18 and 8. 20% of those age 65 or over
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Ottawa County, Michigan
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Ottawa County is a county located in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 263,801, the county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation and it was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,631 square miles. 90. 1% were White,2. 6% Asian,1. 5% Black or African American,0. 4% Native American,3. 4% of some other race and 2. 0% of two or more races. 31. 0% were of Dutch,14. 2% German,5. 8% English and 5. 7% Irish ancestry, as of the census of 2000, there were 238,314 people,81,662 households, and 61,328 families residing in the county. The population density was 421 people per square mile, there were 86,856 housing units at an average density of 154 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 91. 52% White,1. 05% Black or African American,0. 36% Native American,2. 09% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,3. 48% from other races, and 1. 48% from two or more races. 7. 00% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,37. 3% reported being of Dutch,14. 6% German,6. 2% English,5. 6% Irish and 5. 4% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 91. 5% spoke only English at home,5. 4% spoke Spanish,19. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the family size was 3.25. The county has numerous seasonal residents during the summer, port Sheldon Township has many lakefront homes and other inland retreats that serve as summer getaways for residents of Grand Rapids, Detroit, and Chicago. No official statistics are compiled on seasonal residents. In the county, the population was out with 28. 70% under the age of 18,11. 90% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,20. 00% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.20 males, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ranks Ottawa County Michigans second-healthiest county, preceded only by the leisure-oriented Traverse City area. The median income for a household in the county was $52,347, males had a median income of $42,180 versus $27,706 for females
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Allegan County, Michigan
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Allegan County is a county in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of 2010 census, the population was 111,408, the name was coined by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft to sound like a Native American word. Allegan County comprises the Holland, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Muskegon and it is primarily an agricultural area that is rapidly becoming urbanized as the population centers of Grand Rapids on the northeast and Kalamazoo to the southeast expand into Allegan County. The county has long been a regional tourist draw, particularly the Tulip Time Festival in Holland, the Lake Michigan shoreline has long been a popular place for vacation homes, and that such development continues, especially around Saugatuck and Douglas. Another draw is Allegan State Game Area, a 45,000 acres forest attracting campers, snowmobilers, Allegan County also hosts Saugatuck Dunes State Park with trails through scenic dunes and a swimming beach on Lake Michigan. Lake Allegan is another popular destination, as with other areas of Michigan, this territory was long occupied by bands of the Potowatomi and Ojibwe of the Lake Superior Band of Chippewa Indians. The United States government persuaded the tribes to cede their extensive territories to the government, in exchange for annuities. The federally recognized Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottowatomi has a reservation here, the boundaries of Allegan County were laid out by the legislature in 1831. The county was organized in 1835, at that time there were only about four European-American families permanently settled in the area. Among the first settlers of Allegan County were Giles Scott and Turner Aldrich. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,833 square miles. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 111,408 people residing in the county. 92. 9% were White,1. 2% Black or African American,0. 6% Asian,0. 6% Native American,2. 8% of some other race and 1. 9% of two or more races. 23. 0% were of Dutch,17. 5% German,8. 3% English,7. 1% Irish and 7. 1% American ancestry. As of the 2000 census, there were 105,665 people,38,165 households, the population density was 128 people per square mile. There were 43,292 housing units at a density of 52 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 93. 47% White,1. 31% Black or African American,0. 55% Native American,0. 55% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,2. 77% from other races, and 1. 32% from two or more races. 5. 72% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 6% were of Dutch,17. 8% German,9. 6% American,8. 4% English and 7. 2% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000
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Kent County, Michigan
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Kent County is a county in the U. S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 602,622 and its county seat is Grand Rapids. The county was set off in 1831, and organized in 1836 and it is named for New York jurist and legal scholar James Kent, who represented the Michigan Territory in its dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip. Kent County is part of the Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area, Kent County is West Michigans economic and manufacturing center, with the Steelcase corporation based in the county. It is also the home of the Frederik Meijer Gardens, a significant cultural landmark of the Midwest, the Gerald R. Ford International Airport is within the county. The Grand River runs through the county, on its west bank are burial mounds, remnants of the Hopewell Indians who lived there. The river valley was an important center for the fur trade in the early 19th century, after the War of 1812, Rix Robinson and Louis Campau were the earliest traders in the area. In 1826, Campau established a trading post in what is today Grand Rapids, in 1831, he bought land and platted the town. One year later, government surveyor Lucius Lyon purchased land north of Campaus property, Campau later merged the villages under the name of Grand Rapids. In 1831, it was set off from Kalamazoo County, in 1838, Grand Rapids was incorporated as the countys first village. By the end of the century, stimulated by the construction of sawmills, the area was a significant center for agriculture, logging. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 872 square miles, Kent Countys highest point is Fisk Knob Park, in Solon Township, at 1048 feet. The Grand River flows through the county from its border to the west. It has three tributaries in Kent County, listed in order of convergence, Flat River, enters the county from the east, Thornapple River, enters the county from the south, and joins the Grand in Ada. Rogue River, enters the county from the north, and joins the Grand in Belmont and these hiking and biking trails run through the county, North Country Trail, runs north/south the length of the county, passing through Cedar Springs, Grattan and Lowell. Lowell is the trails half-way point, and the headquarters of the North Country Trail Association is located here. Thornapple Trail, begins in Kentwood and runs southeast through Dutton, White Pine Trail begins in Comstock Park and runs northeast through Belmont, Rockford, Cedar Springs, and Sand Lake. The Frederik Meijer Trail, which, as of November,2008, was incomplete, runs east/west mostly along the M-6 freeway and will connect the Kent Trails, Cannon Township Trail runs through Cannon Township in the eastern part of the county from Cannon Township Center on M-44
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Dutch Americans
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Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past. Whether intentional or not, they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage, by having, for example, a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group. Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam, the British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces, and named them New York and New Jersey. Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries, according to the 2013 American Community Survey, an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage. Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan, California, Montana, Minnesota, New York, Wisconsin, Idaho, Utah, Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia, in 1602, the Dutch government chartered the Dutch East India Company. It sent explorers under the command of Henry Hudson who arrived in 1609 and their initial goal was to find an alternative route to Asia, but they found good farmland and plenty of wildlife instead. The ship was lost and Block and his crew established a camp ashore, in the spring, Block and his men did some explorations along the coast of Long Island. Block Island still bears his name, finally, they were sighted and rescued by another Dutch ship and the settlement was abandoned. Dutch trade in the New York area lead to the establishment of trade posts as early as 1613, permanent settlers arrived in 1617 at what is now Albany, New York. New Amsterdam was settled in 1625, in 1629, Dutch officials tried to expand the northern colony through a plan that promised Liberties and Exemptions to anyone who would ship fifty colonists to America at his own expense. Anyone who did this would be allowed to buy a stretch of land along the Hudson from the Dutch West India Company of about twelve miles and these landowners were called patroons and had complete jurisdiction over their domains as well as extensive trading privileges. They also received these rights in perpetuity, in this way, a form of feudalism, which had vanished in the Dutch Republic, was introduced in North America. The Patroonships were not a success, by 1635, the Dutch West India Company had bought four of the five patroonships originally registered in Amsterdam. The Native Americans were, at time, no longer consulted or offered/asked to sell their lands. As the local tribes had now realized that the Dutch were not simply visitors, the Dutch realized that they had gone with the wrong approach as they offered great privileges to wealthy citizens instead of the poor ones. It was not until 1656 that the Dutch state abandoned its passivity, although the Dutch were in control, only about half the settlers were ethnically Dutch. In 1664, the English seized the colony and renamed it New York, the Dutch briefly recaptured the colony, but during peace talks decided to trade it for Suriname in South America which was more profitable. In the hundred years of British rule that followed the change of ownership of New Netherland, while the Netherlands was a small country, the Dutch Empire was quite large so emigrants leaving the mother country had a wide variety of choices
25.
John McCain
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John Sidney McCain III is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for the 2008 U. S. presidential election, McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became an aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, in October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973, McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds have left him with physical limitations. He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, elected to the U. S. House of Representatives in 1982, McCain served two terms. He was first elected to the U. S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily five times, while generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a maverick for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. He is also known for his work in the 1990s to restore relations with Vietnam. McCain ran for the Republican nomination in 2000 but lost a primary season contest to George W. Bush of Texas. He subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration, by 2013, however, he had become a key figure in the Senate for negotiating deals on certain issues in an otherwise partisan environment. In 2015, McCain became chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, John McCain was born on August 29,1936, at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, to naval officer John S. McCain Jr. and Roberta McCain. He has a brother named Joe and an elder sister named Sandy. At that time, the Panama Canal was under U. S. control, McCains family tree includes Scots-Irish and English ancestors. Both his father and his grandfather, John S. McCain Sr. became four-star United States Navy admirals. The McCain family followed his father to various postings in the United States. Altogether, he attended about 20 schools, in 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria. He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954, following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, McCain entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis
26.
United States presidential election, 2008
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The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4,2008, Democratic Party nominees Barack Obama, a U. S. Senator from Illinois, and his running mate Joe Biden, a long-time U. S, Senator from Delaware defeated Republican Party nominees John McCain, a long-time current U. S. Senator from Arizona, and his running mate Sarah Palin, a Governor of Alaska, Obama became the first African American ever to be elected president of the United States, and Joe Biden became the first Roman Catholic ever elected vice president. The incumbent president, George W. Bush, of the Republican Party, was ineligible to be elected to a term due to term limits in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Early campaigning had focused heavily on the Iraq War and the unpopularity of outgoing Republican President George W. Johnson in 1964, Obamas successes in obtaining a major partys nomination and winning the general election were both firsts for the African American community. She later went on to win the Democratic nomination but lose the election to Donald Trump in 2016. She also was the first woman to be an American presidential candidate in every primary, similarly, Sarah Palin became the first woman to appear on a Republican presidential ticket, and the second woman overall to appear on a major partys presidential ticket. Obamas total vote amount of 69.5 million votes is the highest number won by a presidential candidate. The total of 131 million votes cast in the election represented over 43% of the total U. S. population and this was also the first election in which neither candidate was born in the contiguous United States. Obama was born in Hawaii and McCain was born at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone. This election also made McCain currently the only Senator who previously served as a nominee and still remains incumbent. As of 2017, this is the last time Nebraska, Indiana and this election also became the first time that Missouri backed the losing candidate since 1956, with both Kentucky & Tennessee failing to do the same since 1960. In 2004, President George W. Bush won reelection, defeating the Democratic nominee, after Republican pickups in the House and Senate in the 2004 elections, Republicans maintained control of the executive and legislative branches of the federal government. Bushs approval ratings had been declining from their high point of almost 90% after the September 11 attacks. By September 2006, Bushs approval rating was below 40%, and in the November United States Congressional elections 2006, Bushs approval ratings dropped for the last two years in office to the 25–37% range. In the United States, there are two political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are also several minor parties, usually called third parties, though most media, each major party hosts candidates who go through a nomination process to determine the presidential nominee for that party
27.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
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Allendale, Michigan
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Allendale is a census-designated place in Ottawa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 17,579 at the 2010 census and it is a part of the Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Michigan combined statistical area, and is an exurb of Grand Rapids, due to its major commuter routes into the city. The ZIP code 49401 serves all of Allendale and many of the remnant portions of the township, as well as portions of Blendon Township to the south, Allendale is named for the township. Allendale is best known as being home to the campus of Grand Valley State University. Allendale was first settled in 1842 by Richard Roberts, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 23.7 square miles, of which 22.8 square miles is land and 0.9 square miles is water. Grand River As of the census of 2000, there were 11,555 people,2,864 households, the population density was 506.1 per square mile. There were 3,016 housing units at a density of 132.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 93. 22% White,2. 97% African American,0. 34% Native American,0. 89% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,1. 45% from other races, and 1. 06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 03% of the population,16. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the family size was 3.36. In the CDP the population was out with 20. 7% under the age of 18,43. 1% from 18 to 24,22. 1% from 25 to 44,9. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 21 years, for every 100 females there were 87.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $46,671, and the median income for a family was $58,371. Males had an income of $39,038 versus $25,146 for females. The per capita income for the community was $14,580, about 2. 4% of families and 12. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2. 5% of those under age 18 and 3. 6% of those age 65 or over. Grand Valley State University is the fastest growing university in the United States, the university is also ranked as one of the top up and coming schools in the Midwest. Lubbers Stadium, home of Grand Valley State Laker football and it connects Allendale and GVSU with Grand Rapids and GVSUs Pew Campus
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Fremont, Michigan
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Fremont is a city in Newaygo County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,081 at the 2010 census, the first inhabitants of the Fremont area were Native Americans. A group of settlers led by Daniel Weaver first settled the area in 1855, in November 1855, Fremont Township was established and named in honor of John C. Fremont, western explorer and Republican Party candidate for United States President, Weaver and his fellow settlers cleared the dense timber in order to farm. Early in the 1870s, Dutch immigrant families came from Holland and Muskegon, Michigan, due to rich stands of virgin timber, lumbering became a major industry, and a railroad spur soon linked Fremont to the national rail network. The lumbering industry declined in the 1860s because of the American Civil War, nevertheless, Fremont rebuilt and was even able to supply some lumber to rebuild Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871. Also in the mid-1870s, the Gerber family moved to Fremont, in the 1890s the Gerbers began processing local farm produce and formed the Fremont Canning Company. In 1928 the plant started to manufacture baby foods, and the changed its name to Gerber Products Company. Gerber now controls over 80% of the U. S. baby food market, and the plant produces baby food for over 20 foreign countries. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.72 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,081 people,1,781 households, the population density was 1,193.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,968 housing units at a density of 575.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 5% White,0. 5% African American,0. 3% Native American,1. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,2. 2% from other races, and 1. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 6% of the population,33. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the family size was 2.88. The median age in the city was 39.5 years. 25. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 8% were from 25 to 44,24. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 19. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44. 7% male and 55. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 4,224 people,1,788 households, and 1,140 families residing in the city
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Grand Haven, Michigan
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Grand Haven is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Ottawa County. Grand Haven is located on the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Grand River. As of the 2010 census, Grand Haven had a population of 10,412 and it is part of the Grand Rapids Metropolitan Area, which had a population of 1,027,703 in 2014. The city is home to the Grand Haven Memorial Airpark and is located just north of Grand Haven Charter Township, the Potawatomi and Ottawa Indians lived in the area for centuries and used the river as a trade route into the interior of Michigan. Some of the culture of the Ottawa tribe is being revealed through the excavation of archeological artifacts. The city dates its European-American founding to French colonial settlers, a fur trading outpost called Gabagouache was first established by Madeline La Framboise and her husband Joseph. After the War of 1812, this became more settled by Americans. The first permanent resident was a Presbyterian minister, William Montague Ferry, residents named the town as Grand Haven in 1835. Sheldon Tannery was founded in 1838, developing to process leathers from the fur trade, the second church was organized in 1850. Ferry founded the citys first bank in 1851 in the Ferry & Son building on Harbor Drive and he also started a school, Ferry Elementary, which continues to operate. The city was incorporated in 1867, in the mid-to-late 19th century, Grand Haven developed as a logging, lumber mill and shipping town, as well as a shipbuilding center. The city was served by the Grand Trunk Railway, which ran along the waterfront near the river and its depot and offices have been adapted for use as a historical museum. The Story and Clark Piano Company built pianos in the city from 1900-1984, the smokestack at the piano factory collapsed during the Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1998. In August 2006, Eagle-Ottawa Leather Co. which developed from the 1838 Sheldon Tannery, given the importance of shipping and water trade to the city, the Grand Haven Lighthouses were built in 1839 on the south pier, to mark the most navigable channel into the river. The current lighthouses, painted red, were built in 1875 and 1905 and they are connected by a lighted catwalk, which runs along the pier to the shore. George Baby Face Nelson and Homer Van Meter, who became notorious 1930s criminals, the Grand Haven port community is an active beach resort with boating, fishing, sailing, biking, skating etc. along with connecting campgrounds and recreational areas. Grand Haven is a point for residents of inland cities of West Michigan. Grand Haven State Park was nationally recognized for having one of the top five beaches in the United States, in summer, water temperatures do reach the low 70s°F, bringing tens of thousands of visitors as a boon to the local economy
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Grandville, Michigan
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Grandville is a city in Kent County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 15,378 at the 2010 census and is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area, Grandville is one of the oldest suburbs of Grand Rapids, and was incorporated as a city in 1933. Grandville was geographically an important place during the years in Michigans history due to its location at the river-bend of the Grand River. It was important to have people there to make sure the logs did not jam up as the river turned north-west toward Grand Haven, Grandville was incorporated into a city in 1933. Infrastructure and utilities were developed including new sewage disposal. By the 1980s due to the growth of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area following the early 1980s recession in the United States, Grandville began to experience even more growth. In 1987, color measurement and manufacturer X-Rite established its headquarters in the city a year after it went public, in the 1990s, the city was being eyed for larger development. In 1990, developers had begun eyeing a development of a new mall near the intersection of 44th Street and Ivanrest, in 1999, construction of Rivertown Crossings Mall, a mall with 1.25 million in storefronts, was finally completed. Into the 2000s, Grandville experienced continued growth following the opening of Rivertown Crossings, multiple restaurants and strip malls developed on Rivertown Parkway following the malls construction. However, by the beginning of the Great Recession, X-Rite had moved its headquarters to Kentwood, following the recession into the 2010s, more development occurred in the city with a Cabelas and Target anchoring a development on the former X-Rite property in 2013. In 2016, a new apartment development called the Grand Castle that incorporated over 1 million square feet and 400 apartments into its design was constructed. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 7.67 square miles. Grandville is located near the southwest corner of Grand Rapids, the western border of the city of Grandville is also the western border of Kent County, marked by Kenowa Avenue, this is where Ottawa County and Jenison begin. To the east and south of Grandville lies the city of Wyoming, the city of Walker lies just north of Grandville. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,378 people,5,982 households, the population density was 2,115.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,276 housing units at a density of 863.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 0% White,2. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 5% Asian,1. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 2% of the population. 24. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.06
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Holland, Michigan
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Holland is a city in the western region of the Lower Peninsula of the U. S. state of Michigan. It is situated near the shore of Lake Michigan on Lake Macatawa. The city spans the Ottawa/Allegan county line, with 9.08 square miles in Ottawa, as of the 2010 census, the population was 33,051, with an Urbanized Area population of 95,394. Holland is the largest city in Ottawa County, and as of 2013 part of the Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Muskegon Metropolitan Statistical Area, Holland was founded by Dutch Americans, and is in an area that has a large percentage of citizens of Dutch American heritage. It is home to Hope College and Western Theological Seminary, institutions of the Reformed Church in America, Ottawa County was originally populated by Ottawa Indians. In 1846, Reverend Alex Tomasik established the Old Wing Mission as an outreach to the native population, Holland was settled in 1847 by Dutch Calvinist separatists, under the leadership of Dr. Albertus van Raalte. Dire economic conditions in the Netherlands compelled them to emigrate, while their desire for freedom led them to unite. Van Raalte and his colony settled on land in the midst of the Ottawa peoples Old Wing Mission Colony near the Black River where it streamed to Black Lake which, in turn, joint occupation by the two communities was not a marriage made in heaven. Eventually, the Dutch settlers purchased the land from the natives, in 1848, Michigan suffered from a smallpox epidemic. In Hollands early history, Van Raalte was a spiritual leader, in 1847 Van Raalte established a congregation of the Reformed Church in America, which would later be called the First Reformed Church of Holland. On March 25,1867, Holland was incorporated as a city with Isaac Cappon being the citys first mayor, the city suffered a major fire on October 8–9,1871, the same time as the Great Chicago Fire in Illinois and the very deadly Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin. Because of the Great Michigan Fire, Manistee and Port Huron, Holland was known as the City of Churches. There are 170 churches in the greater Holland area, many of which are with the Reformed Church in America, the city is the home to the church that started the trend of the What Would Jesus Do. bracelets in 1989. In 1987, a 23-year-old City Council member Phil Tanis was elected mayor of Holland, the Holland Museum contains exhibits about the citys history. Another, the Cappon House Museum, was built in 1874 and is a museum that once housed the first mayor of Holland. The Settlers House Museum, a building that survived the fire, contains furnishings. Hollands downtown is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, nearby Holland State Park is a Michigan State Park. Across the channel from the State Park is the Holland Harbor Light, De Zwaan, an original 250-year-old Dutch windmill, is situated on Windmill Island, a municipal park
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Hudsonville, Michigan
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Hudsonville is a city in Ottawa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,116 at the 2010 census, Hudsonville was platted in 1873, soon after the Chicago and West Michigan Railway was extended to that point. The town was named for Homer E. Hudson, a pioneer settler, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.14 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 7,116 people,2,582 households, the population density was 1,718.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,712 housing units at a density of 655.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 3% White,1. 5% African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 8% Asian,1. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 2% of the population. 23. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.20. The median age in the city was 33.5 years. 28. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 8% were from 25 to 44,22. 5% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 7% male and 52. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 7,160 people,2,514 households, and 1,920 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,729.1 per square mile, there were 2,598 housing units at an average density of 627.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 71% White,0. 47% African American,0. 27% Native American,0. 41% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 39% from other races, and 0. 74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 45% of the population,20. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the family size was 3.26. In the city, the population was out with 30. 8% under the age of 18,9. 5% from 18 to 24,28. 2% from 25 to 44,16. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males, the median income for a household in the city was $46,961, and the median income for a family was $55,372. Males had an income of $41,418 versus $26,554 for females
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Jenison, Michigan
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Jenison is an unincorporated community in Ottawa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. It is a place for statistical purposes, but has no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The community is governed by Georgetown Charter Township, the population of the CDP was 17,211 as of the 2000 census. The current estimated population for the entire Jenison ZIP code,49428, is 25,770, the geographical boundaries of the ZIP code are larger than that of the CDP. It is a community in proximity to Grand Rapids. A post office called Jenisonville was established in 1872, and the name was changed to Jenison in 1887, the Jenison family opened a mill there in 1864. According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has an area of 5.9 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 17,211 people,5,975 households, the population density was 2,940.8 per square mile. There were 6,065 housing units at a density of 1,036.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the community was 98. 84% White,0. 49% African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 85% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 53% from other races, and 0. 87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 77% of the population,16. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the family size was 3.24. In the community, the population was out with 28. 9% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,26. 8% from 25 to 44,24. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males, the median income for a household in the community was $56,426, and the median income for a family was $61,957. Males had an income of $46,738 versus $28,204 for females. The per capita income for the community was $21,021, about 1. 8% of families and 2. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3. 1% of those under age 18 and 4. 3% of those age 65 or over
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Kentwood, Michigan
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Kentwood is a city in Kent County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 48,707 at the 2010 census, the city was incorporated in 1967 from what remained of Paris Township to prevent further annexation of land from the adjacent cities of Grand Rapids and Wyoming. The city was named after Kent County, which was named after jurist James Kent, the citys first mayor was Peter M. Lamberts, who served in that post until 1979. Subsequent mayors have included Marvin Hoeflinger, Gerald DeRuiter, Bill Hardiman, Richard Root, Richard Clanton, and Stephen Kepley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 20.95 square miles. The city is bordered by Wyoming to the west, Grand Rapids and Grand Rapids Township to the north, Cascade Township to the east, and Gaines Township to the south. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is Dfb.2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 48,707 people,19,741 households, the population density was 2,330.5 inhabitants per square mile. There were 21,584 housing units at a density of 1,032.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 70. 1% White,15. 4% African American,0. 4% Native American,6. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,3. 5% from other races, and 3. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 5% of the population,30. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the family size was 3.10. The median age in the city was 34.3 years. 25. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,9. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,28. 8% were from 25 to 44,24. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 0% male and 52. 0% female, as of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $48,335, and the median income for a family was $60,391. The per capita income for the city was $24,261, about 9. 8% of families and 12. 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16. 8% of those under age 18 and 7. 6% of those age 65 or over. Kentwood has an Executive Mayor, who serves as the City Manager. The current mayor is Stephen Kepley, who replaced the retired Mayor Richard Clanton, the Mayor Pro Tempore is selected by the City Commission, Ward 2 Commissioner Michael Brown currently serves in this role. The mayor serves as a member of the City Commission
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Ludington, Michigan
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Ludington /ˈlʌdiŋtən/ is a city in the state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,076 and it is the county seat of Mason County. Ludington is a town located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Pere Marquette River. Many people come to Ludington year round for recreation, including boating and swimming on Lake Michigan, Hamlin Lake, and other inland lakes, as well as hunting, fishing. Nearby are Ludington State Park, Nordhouse Dunes Wilderness, and Manistee National Forest, Ludington is also the home port of the SS Badger, a vehicle and passenger ferry with daily service in the summer across Lake Michigan to Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Watching the Badger come into port in the evening from the end of the north breakwall by the Ludington lighthouse is a local pastime. Ludington has multiple golf and disc golf courses, attracting numerous players, in summer, the city hosts quite a few large events. Examples are one of the largest Gus Macker basketball tournaments, the Ludington Area Jaycees Freedom Festival, the Lakestride Half Marathon in June, and the West Shore Art Leagues Art Fair. As a result of its attractions, Ludington is the fifth-most-popular tourist city in Michigan, behind Mackinaw City, Traverse City, Muskegon. In 1675, Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer, a memorial and large iron cross mark the location. In 1845, Burr Caswell moved to the area near the mouth of the Pere Marquette River as a location for trapping and fishing, in July 1847, when he brought his family to live there, they became the first permanent residents of European ancestry. Two years later built a two-story wood-framed house on their farm. After the organization of Mason County in 1855, the first floor of building was converted into the countys first courthouse. Restored in 1976 by the Mason County Historical Society, the stands today as a part of White Pine Village. The town was originally named Pere Marquette, then named after the industrialist James Ludington. Ludington was incorporated as a City in 1873, the year that the County seat was moved from the Village of Lincoln to the City of Ludington. The area boom in the late 19th century was due to these sawmills, by 1892,162 million board feet of lumber and 52 million wood shingles had been produced by the Ludington sawmills. With all of this occurring, Ludington became a major Great Lakes shipping port
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Manistee, Michigan
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Manistee is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,226 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Manistee County. The name Manistee is from an Ojibwe word first applied to the river of the county. The derivation is not certain, but it may be from ministigweyaa, other sources claim that it was an Ojibwe term meaning spirit of the woods. Manistee Township is located to the northeast of the city, but is politically separate, the city is located at the mouth of the Manistee River on Lake Michigan. In 1751, a Jesuit Mission was established in Manistee, missionaries visited Manistee in the early 19th century, and a Jesuit mission house is known to have been located on the NW shore of Manistee Lake in 1826. In 1832, a group of traders from Massachusetts built a log house up the Manistee River, however, they were soon driven off by the Ottawa. The first white settlement and sawmill was built there in 1841, the village of Manistee was one of about 15 Ottawa villages along the shore of Lake Michigan in 1830. Much of the Manistee River Valley, including Manistee itself, was an Ottawa Reservation from 1836-1848, in 1846, the town was named Manistee but was a part of Ottawa County, with county offices 100 mies away at Grand Haven. After a series of new counties being drawn up, by 1855 it became part of a Manistee county that included modern day Manistee, Wexford. Manistee was incorporated as a city in 1882, allegations of improper procedure and irregularities in the court records appeared. Two years later and after the defendant spent four nights in jail, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.47 square miles, of which 3.29 square miles is land and 1.18 square miles is water. At the mouth of the Manistee River is the Manistee Pierhead lights that were built in 1873, Manistee is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,226 people,2,816 households, the population as of 2013 is 6117. The population density was 1,892.4 inhabitants per square mile, There were 3,599 housing units at an average density of 1,093.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 5% White,0. 5% African American,3. 8% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 7% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 4% of the population. 36. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age in the city was 43.6 years
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Muskegon, Michigan
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Muskegon /ˌmʌsˈkiːɡən/ is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan, and is the largest populated city on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan. At the 2010 census the city population was 38,401, the city is the county seat of Muskegon County. It is located at the southwest corner of Muskegon Township, but is administratively autonomous, the Muskegon Metro area had a population of 172,188 in 2010. It is also part of the larger Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Muskegon-Combined Statistical Area with a population of 1,321,557, human occupation of the Muskegon area goes back seven or eight thousand years to the nomadic Paleo-Indian hunters who occupied the area following the retreat of the Wisconsonian glaciations. During historic times, the Muskegon area was inhabited by bands of the Ottawa. In 1830 Muskegon was solely an Ottawa village, perhaps the best remembered of the Indian inhabitants of the area was Ottawa Indian Chief, Pendalouan. The name Muskegon is derived from the Ottawa tribe term Masquigon, the Masquigon River was identified on French maps dating from the late seventeenth century, suggesting that French explorers had reached Michigans western coast by that time. Sometime between 1790 and 1800, a French-Canadian trader named Joseph La Framboise established a fur trading post at the mouth of Duck Lake. Between 1810 and 1820, several French Canadian fur traders, including Lamar Andie, Jean Baptiste Recollect, euro-American settlement of Muskegon began in earnest in 1837, which coincided with the beginning of the exploitation of the areas extensive timber resources. The commencement of the industry in 1837 inaugurated what some regard as the most romantic era in the history of the region. Lumbering in the century brought many settlers, especially ones from Germany, Ireland. Some neighborhoods of Muskegon began as separate villages, bluffton was founded as a lumbering village in 1862 in Laketon Township. It had its own post office from 1868 until 1892 and it was annexed by Muskegon in 1889. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 18.12 square miles. The city is adjacent to Lake Michigan to the west and Muskegon Lake to the north, the Muskegon River empties into Muskegon Lake at the citys northeast end. Bear Lake Muskegon Lake Mona Lake Lake Michigan Muskegon River As of the census of 2010, there were 38,401 people,13,967 households, the population density was 2,702.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 16,105 housing units at a density of 1,133.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 57. 0% White,34. 5% African American,0. 9% Native American,0. 4% Asian,2. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 2% of the population
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Muskegon Heights, Michigan
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Muskegon Heights is a city in Muskegon County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,856 at the 2010 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.19 square miles, all land. The city is surrounded on the north by Muskegon and on the south by Norton Shores, roosevelt Park is a very short distance to the west. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,856 people,3,996 households, the population density was 3,403.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,842 housing units at a density of 1,517.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 16. 0% White,78. 3% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 1% Asian,1. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 2% of the population. 28. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.23. The median age in the city was 30.3 years. 32. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,10. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 4% were from 25 to 44,22. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 9. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 3% male and 53. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 12,049 people,4,507 households, and 2,970 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,804.2 per square mile, there were 5,108 housing units at an average density of 1,612. 7/sq. The racial makeup of the city was 17. 69% White,77. 77% African American,0. 45% Native American,0. 25% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 63% from other races, and 2. 19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 52% of the population,28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the family size was 3.28. In the city, the population was out with 35. 2% under the age of 18,9. 3% from 18 to 24,27. 0% from 25 to 44,17. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 29 years, for every 100 females there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.5 males, the median income for a household in the city was $21,778, and the median income for a family was $26,144. Males had an income of $30,027 versus $22,768 for females
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Norton Shores, Michigan
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Norton Shores is a city in Muskegon County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 23,994 at the 2010 census, Norton Shores is located on the shores of Lake Michigan in Muskegon County. The community of 22,527 residents encompasses over 24 square miles including Mona Lake, Norton Shores might best be described as a suburban environment with a balance of industrial and commercial development. It has also led the county in residential construction permits for the past five years, the city offers educational opportunities from the Mona Shores Public Schools to Muskegon Community College, Baker College and Grand Valley State University. The Ojibwe, Bodewadmi and Odawa Native Americans for hundreds of years occupied the wilds of Western Michigan, when European immigrants arrived they found openings in the forest made by the Native Americans, which were used to raise food. Norton Township was originally organized in 1845 by settlers of the village of Mill Point, the township was named in honor of Col. Amos Norton, a Canadian patriot who was implicated in the rebellion of 1837. Norton Township was part of Ottawa County and also included the Townships of Fruitport, in 1855 Spring Lake Township was detached from Norton and organized as a township in Ottawa County. Also in 1855 the village of Black Lake was settled with a railroad station, Norton Township was separated from Ottawa County in 1859 and became a part of Muskegon County. The population of Norton Township in 1860 was 197 and in 1864 was 229, in 1847 the first sawmill in Norton Township was built. It was known as Robinsons Mill and was located at the head of Black Lake, in 1850, Ira Porter arrived at Mona Lake. He operated Porter Sawmill and a fruit farm, one of the largest fruit farms in Norton Township was operated by G. N. Cobb who also operated a box factory for fifteen years beginning in 1869. With the closing of the sawmills and the box factory, residents turned to raising fruit which became a profitable industry. Boats would enter Lake Harbor and make a trip around the lake picking up crates of berries at the docks of the growers and they would then return to Lake Michigan with their cargo and transfer it to large steamers bound for Chicago. In 1894 a summer resort community called Hackley Park was established on Lake Michigan and it was named for Charles Hackley. The name was shortened to Hackley when it got a post office in 1895, thanks to the Norton Township Volunteer Fire Department and the cooperation of the Norton Township Board, action was taken to incorporate Norton Township into a Home Rule City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 24.62 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 23,994 people,9,977 households, the population density was 1,032.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 10,939 housing units at a density of 470.7 per square mile
41.
Spring Lake, Michigan
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Spring Lake is a village in Ottawa County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,323 at the 2010 census, the village is located within Spring Lake Township. In 1837, Captain Benjamin Hopkins purchased land in the area, the place became known as Hopkins Mill. In 1849, Thomas W. White and S. C, Hopkins recorded a plat with the name Mill Point. A post office was established with that name in May 1851, in May 1867, the post office was renamed Spring Lake, which was also the name of a station on the Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee Railway. The Village of Spring Lake was incorporated in 1869, the post office continues to operate, with ZIP code 49456. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 1.74 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,323 people,1,067 households, the population density was 1,968.6 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,301 housing units at a density of 1,102.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 7% White,0. 2% African American,0. 8% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 6% from other races, and 1. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 8% of the population,36. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the family size was 2.84. The median age in the village was 44.8 years. 21. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,6. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44,29. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 20. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47. 0% male and 53. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,514 people,1,098 households, and 666 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,372.4 per square mile, there were 1,248 housing units at an average density of 1,177.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98. 05% White,0. 32% African American,0. 44% Native American,0. 24% Asian,0. 36% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 31% of the population. 36. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 17. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.84
42.
Walker, Michigan
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Walker is a city in Kent County in the U. S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Grand Rapids. The population was 23,537 at the 2010 census, before incorporating as a city, it was known as Walker Township. The township was organized on December 30,1837, the second to be organized in Kent County, the earliest settlers of the township were Canadian immigrants. In 1867, a hall was built. However, the area where the hall was annexed into Grand Rapids in 1959. Walker was established as a city in 1962 to prevent further annexation of the area into Grand Rapids, at the time, it was made a city Walker had a population of 11,000. This was followed by an endorsement of the action by the School Superintendent Gerald Hopkins. A5,000 seat arena called The DeltaPlex currently resides on Turner Avenue and is home to the Grand Rapids Drive of the NBA Development League. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 25.48 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 23,537 people,9,684 households, the population density was 943.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 10,432 housing units at a density of 418.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 91. 3% White,2. 8% African American,0. 5% Native American,1. 9% Asian,1. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 1% of the population. 30. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 34.6 years. 22. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,12. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,26. 7% were from 25 to 44,25. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 12. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 7% male and 51. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 21,842 people,8,805 households, and 5,379 families residing in the city. The population density was 868.3 per square mile, there were 9,201 housing units at an average density of 365.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 51% White,1. 47% African American,0. 46% Native American,0. 98% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 09% from other races, and 1. 45% from two or more races
43.
Wyoming, Michigan
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Wyoming is a city in Kent County, Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 72,125. In 1832 the area was settled and organized under the Byron Township, in 1848 the township split the northern half being called Wyoming Township and then became a city in 1959 after a period of disputes surrounding annexation as well as water and sewer usage. The city has experienced growth every census since the 1890 with some of the largest occurring after major wars. The area that is now the city of Wyoming was established first in 1832 and was one of the first populated areas in the county, over the course of the next 16 years the area was incorporated as the Township of Byron. During this time the area that is now Grandville was populated at first by mills that used the Buck Creek to power its mills, in 1848 the township of Byron split with the name of Wyoming being used for the northern half. The name came from the Wyoming County, New York from which the majority of the residents came during the first 16 years. During this time the Township of Walker to the north took over a portion of the new township as it was north of the Grand River. During the ensuing 50 years the township of Wyoming grew up slowly, the Grandville settlement in the northwest corner of the township grew the most and by 1884 had become the Village of Grandville and by 1893 had separated from the township. The City of Grandville was able to expand to its present size when it was able to grab land halfway between Byron Center and Ivanrest avenues a year before the township was incorporated as a city. Only the panhandle section from south of 50th Street was allowed to stay in the township, in 1870 a settlement known as Fishers Station developed around a station on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. It got a post office in 1871 and was platted in 1873, the next major area of development occurred in the northeast section of the township. The City of Grand Rapids started annexing portions of the township and by 1891 had annexed a square mile of the city from Division to Clyde Park, a further section was annexed in 1916 that involved half-mile from Burton to Alger and from Clyde Park to Division. Further annexation attempts occurred during the ensuing 50 years and most failed, the population in the new northern areas of the city was populated mainly with workers for the furniture factories in Grand Rapids. That area was called the Urbandale neighborhood and ran along Chicago Drive from Burton northward, South of that was called the Galewood area and ran to roughly Cleveland Avenue. A final neighborhood grew up to the west of the Galewood and was called Burlingame and that area was collectively called the Galewood-Urbandale-Burlingame or GUB. That section also provided the first school district for the township with the Godfrey-Lee and it had two major developments occur that caused some annexation attempts. The first was the Pere Marquette Rail yard and the second being the Kelvinator plant, the GUB area was proposed to become the city of Lee in 1939 but failed
44.
United States presidential election, 2016
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The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8,2016. The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20,2017. Concurrent with the election, Senate, House, and many gubernatorial and state. While Clinton received about 2.9 million more votes nationwide, leading up to the election, a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts. In the Electoral College vote on December 19, seven electors voted against their pledged candidates, a further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227, Trump is the fifth person in U. S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote. It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Democrat Andrew Jackson that a vote split occurred in Maine. On January 6,2017, the United States governments intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections. A joint U. S. intelligence review stated with confidence that Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia’s goals were to undermine public faith in the U. S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Hillary Clinton, investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI, the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee. Traditionally, the elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The partys delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the partys behalf, President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U. S. The series of primary elections and caucuses took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia. With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with Ted Cruz on March 23,2015, prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1,2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul, following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1,2016, the first of four Super Tuesday primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texas, failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later. On March 15,2016, the second Super Tuesday, Kasich won his only contest in his state of Ohio
45.
Donald Trump
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Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Prior to entering politics he was a businessman and television personality, Trump was born and raised in Queens, New York City, and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He then took charge of The Trump Organization, the estate and construction firm founded by his paternal grandmother, which he ran for four. During his real career, Trump has built, renovated, and managed numerous office towers, hotels, casinos. Besides real estate, he started several ventures and has lent the use of his name for the branding of various products. He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he hosted The Apprentice, as of 2017, Forbes listed him as the 544th wealthiest person in the world with a net worth of $3.5 billion. Trump first publicly expressed interest in running for office in 1987. He won two Reform Party presidential primaries in 2000, but withdrew his candidacy early on, in June 2015, he launched his campaign for the 2016 presidential election and quickly emerged as the front-runner among 17 candidates in the Republican primaries. His final opponents suspended their campaigns in May 2016, and in July he was nominated at the Republican National Convention along with Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate. His campaign received unprecedented media coverage and international attention, many of the statements he made at rallies, in interviews, or on social media were controversial or false. Trump won the election on November 8,2016, in a surprise victory against Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton. His political positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist, protectionist, Trump was born on June 14,1946 at the Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, New York City. He was the fourth of five born to Frederick Christ Fred Trump. His siblings are Maryanne, Fred Jr. Elizabeth, and Robert, Trumps ancestors originated from the village of Kallstadt, Palatinate, Germany on his fathers side, and from the Outer Hebrides isles of Scotland on his mothers side. All his grandparents, and his mother, were born in Europe and his mothers grandfather was also christened Donald. On a visit to his village, he met Elisabeth Christ. He died from the flu pandemic of 1918 and Elizabeth incorporated the family real estate business, Elizabeth Trump and Son, which would later become The Trump Organization. Trumps father Fred was born in the Bronx, and worked with his mother since he was 15 as a real estate developer, primarily in the New York boroughs of Queens and he eventually built and sold thousands of houses, barracks and apartments
46.
United States presidential election, 2012
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The United States presidential election of 2012 was the 57th quadrennial American presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6,2012, as the incumbent president, Obama secured the Democratic nomination with no serious opposition. Romney effectively secured the nomination by early May as the economy improved, the campaign was marked by a sharp rise in fundraising, including from new nominally independent Super PACs. The campaigns focused heavily on issues, debate centered largely around sound responses to the Great Recession in terms of economic recovery. Other issues included long-term federal budget issues, the future of social programs. Obama defeated Romney, winning both the popular vote and the college, with 332 electoral votes to Romneys 206. Obama carried all states and districts that he had won in the 2008 presidential election except North Carolina, Indiana, as such, his margin of victory decreased from 2008. Consequently, Obama became the first incumbent since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 to win reelection with fewer electoral votes, nonetheless, Obama also became the first two-term president since Ronald Reagan to win both his presidential bids with an absolute majority of the nationwide popular vote. Not since 1820 had three consecutive American presidents succeeded in securing two consecutive terms, september–October 2012, Early voting begins in some states and continue as late as November 5. November 6,2012, Election Day, at around 11,15 p. m. EST, November 7,2012, Romney concedes the election to Obama at around 1,00 a. m. November 10,2012, The electoral outcomes of all 50 states, Obama won 332 electoral votes while Romney won 206 electoral votes. December 17,2012, The Electoral College formally re-elects President Obama, January 3,2013, The 113th Congress is sworn in. January 4,2013, Electoral votes are counted before a joint session of Congress. The re-election of President Obama and Vice President Biden is certified, January 20,2013, President Obama and Vice President Biden take the oaths of office, Obamas second presidential term begins at noon. January 21,2013, The inauguration ceremonies are held, Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginias state legislatures approved measures to shorten early voting periods. Florida and Iowa barred all felons from voting, kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin state legislatures passed laws requiring voters to have government-issued IDs before they could cast their ballots. This meant, typically, that people without drivers licenses or passports had to gain new forms of ID, Obama, the NAACP, and the Democratic Party fought against many of the new state laws. Clinton said the moves would effectively disenfranchise core voter blocs that trend liberal, including students, Blacks
47.
Mitt Romney
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Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, by his parents George and Lenore Romney, he spent 2½ years in France as a Mormon missionary, starting in 1966. He married Ann Davies in 1969, and they have five sons, by 1971, he had participated in the political campaigns of both parents. He earned a BA at Brigham Young University in 1971 and a joint JD–MBA at Harvard University in 1975, Romney entered the management consulting industry, and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Bains chief executive officer, he helped lead the company out of a financial crisis, in 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital, a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served during his business career as the bishop of his ward and then stake president in his home area near Boston. After stepping down from Bain Capital and his leadership role in the LDS Church. Upon losing to longtime incumbent Ted Kennedy, he resumed his position at Bain Capital, years later, a successful stint as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics led to a relaunch of his political career. He also presided over the elimination of a projected $1. 2–1.5 billion deficit through a combination of spending cuts, increased fees, and the closure of corporate tax loopholes. He did not seek re-election in 2006, instead focusing on his campaign for the Republican nomination in the 2008 U. S. presidential election and he won several primaries and caucuses, however, he lost to the eventual nominee, Senator John McCain. His considerable net worth, estimated in 2012 at $190–250 million, following his term as Governor of Massachusetts in 2007, Romney was the Republican Partys nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He won the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, becoming the first Mormon to be a major party presidential nominee and he was defeated by incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama in the November 2012 general election, losing by 332–206 electoral college votes. The popular vote margin was 51–47 percent in Obamas favor, following the election, he initially kept a low profile, and later became more visible politically. Willard Mitt Romney was born on March 12,1947, at Harper University Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, one of four born to automobile executive George W. Romney. His mother was a native of Logan, Utah, and his father was born to American parents in a Mormon colony in Chihuahua, of primarily English descent, he also has Scottish and German ancestry. Another great-great-grandfather, Parley P. Pratt, helped lead the early Church, Romney has three elder siblings, Margo, Jane, and Scott. His parents named him after a friend, businessman J. Willard Marriott, and his fathers cousin, Milton Mitt Romney. Romney was referred to as Billy until kindergarten, when he indicated a preference for Mitt, in 1953, the family moved from Detroit to the affluent suburb of Bloomfield Hills. His father became the chairman and CEO of American Motors the following year, soon helping the company avoid bankruptcy, by 1959, his father had become a nationally known figure in print and on television, and the youngster idolized him
48.
United States presidential election, 2004
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The United States presidential election of 2004, the 55th quadrennial presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 2,2004. Republican Party candidate and incumbent President George W. Bush won re-election, defeating Democratic Party candidate John Kerry, Senator from Massachusetts and eventual United States Secretary of State. Bush and incumbent Vice President Dick Cheney were renominated by their party with no difficulty, Howard Dean, former Governor of Vermont, was initially the frontrunner for the Democratic Partys nomination, but Kerry won nearly all of the primaries and caucuses. Kerry chose Senator John Edwards of North Carolina, who had himself sought that partys 2004 presidential nomination, foreign policy was the dominant theme throughout the election campaign, particularly Bushs conduct of the War on Terrorism and the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Domestic issues were debated as well, including the economy and jobs, health care, as of 2016, this was also the most recent election in which the Republican candidate won the popular vote. In the Electoral College, Bush received 286 votes to Kerrys 251, as of 2016, this marks the last election in which Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Virginia voted for the Republican candidate. Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, Bushs approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, by December, the Taliban had been removed, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow. The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. Among the stated reasons were that Saddams regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed. Both the possession of weapons of mass destruction, and the failure to account for them. The United States invaded Iraq on March 20,2003, along with a coalition of the willing that consisted of troops from the United Kingdom. Within about three weeks, the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its forces, however, the U. S. Bushs approval rating in May was at 66%, according to a CNN–USA Today–Gallup poll, however, Bushs high approval ratings did not last. Bushs popularity rose as a president, and he was able to ward off any serious challenge to the Republican nomination. Senator Lincoln Chafee from Rhode Island considered challenging Bush on a platform in New Hampshire. On March 10,2004, Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City and he accepted the nomination on September 2,2004, and retained Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate. During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes, defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society, Senator from North Carolina Howard Dean, former Governor of Vermont Wesley Clark, retired U. S
49.
George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts
Lucius Lyon
John Smith Chipman
Charles E. Stuart[6]
Henry Waldron
Fernando C. Beaman
William L. Stoughton
Edward P. Allen
Henry C. Smith
Charles E. Townsend
William Wedemeyer
Samuel Beakes
George Meader
Weston E. Vivian
Marvin L. Esch
Carl Pursell
Peter Hoekstra
Bill Huizenga.PNG)
