A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet or biofilm of microbial colonies, composed of mainly bacteria and/or archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on
The cyanobacterial algal mat, salty lake on the White Sea seaside
Stromatolites are formed by some microbial mats as the microbes slowly move upwards to avoid being smothered by sediment.
Chemosynthetic microbial mats covering photosynthetic red algae and coral. Hydrothermal vent and coral reef communities overlap at 190 m depth, at the Mariana arc. A golden hind swims nearby.
Wrinkled Kinneyia-type fossil sedimentary structures formed beneath cohesive microbial mats in peritidal zones. The image shows the location, in the Burgsvik beds of Sweden, where the texture was first identified as evidence of a fossil microbial mat.
Stromatolites or stromatoliths are layered sedimentary formations that are created mainly by photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and Pseudomonadota. These m
Microbial mat
…some of the bacteria form tangled webs of filaments which make the mat tougher. The best known physical forms are flat mats and stubby pillars called stromatolites, but there are also spherical forms. Microbial mats are the earliest form of life on Earth for which there is good fossil evidence, from 3,500 million…
Fossilized stromatolite in Strelley Pool chert, about 3.4 billion years old, from Pilbara Craton, Western Australia
Paleoproterozoic oncoids from the Franceville Basin, Gabon, Central Africa. Oncoids are unfixed stromatolites ranging in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters
Fossilized stromatolites, about 425 million years old, in the Soeginina Beds (Paadla Formation, Ludlow, Silurian) near Kübassaare, Estonia