Micropaleontology is the branch of paleontology that studies microfossils, or fossils that require the use of a microscope to see the organism, its morphology and its characteristic details.
Marine microfossils: (diatom, ostracod, radiolarian, sponge spicule, radiolarian, planktonic foraminiferan (two), coccolith)
Diatomaceous earth is a soft, siliceous, sedimentary rock made up of microfossils in the form of the frustules (shells) of single cell diatoms. This sample consists of a mixture of centric (radially symmetric) and pennate (bilaterally symmetric) diatoms. This image of diatomaceous earth particles in water is at a scale of 6.236 pixels/μm, the entire image covers a region of approximately 1.13 by 0.69 mm.
Fusulinid (Triticites) from the Plattsmouth Chert, Red Oak, Iowa (Permian).
Fossil nummulitid foraminiferans showing microspheric and megalospheric individuals; Eocene of the United Arab Emirates; scale in mm.
The earliest known life forms on Earth may be as old as 4.1 billion years according to biologically fractionated graphite inside a single zircon grain in the Jack Hills range of Australia. The earlies
Evidence of possibly the oldest forms of life on Earth has been found in hydrothermal vent precipitates.
Zircons in metaconglomerates from the Jack Hills in Australia show carbon isotopic evidence for early life.
Stromatolite fossil showing convex-up structures.
Archaea (prokaryotic microbes) were first found in extreme environments, such as hydrothermal vents.