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Middle Kingdom of Egypt
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The Middle Kingdom of Egypt is the period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom lasted from approximately 2040 to 1782 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the reign of Mentuhotep II in the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. The kings of the Eleventh Dynasty ruled from Thebes and the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty ruled from el-Lisht.
A painted relief depicting pharaoh Mentuhotep II, from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari
A painted relief depicting pharaoh Mentuhotep II, from his mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari
An Osiride statue of the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, Mentuhotep II
An Osiride statue of the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, Mentuhotep II
The head of a statue of Senusret I.
The head of a statue of Senusret I.
A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and whose face appears to reflect the features of the reigning king, most probably Amenemhat II or Senwo
A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt and whose face appears to reflect the features of the reigning king, most probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II. It functioned as a divine guardian for the imiut, and it is wearing a divine kilt, which suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler.
Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
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The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt is a series of rulers reigning from 1991–1802 BC, at what is often considered to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom. The dynasty would periodically expand its territory from the Nile delta and valley South beyond the second cataract and East into Canaan.
Fragment of a statue of Amenemhat III 12th Dynasty c. 1800 BC State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich
Head of Senusret III with youthful features, 12th Dynasty, c. 1870 BC, State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich
Head of Senusret III with youthful features, 12th Dynasty, c. 1870 BC, State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich
Sobekneferu was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty
Sobekneferu was the last ruler of the 12th Dynasty