Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Of the fifty states, it is the 34th largest by area, the seventh most populous, the tenth most densely populated; the state's capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo', meaning "good river", "great river" or "large creek". Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, the first under the Northwest Ordinance. Ohio is known as the "Buckeye State" after its Ohio buckeye trees, Ohioans are known as "Buckeyes". Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier, to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union, to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transmogrifying to a more information and service based economy in the 21st.
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected. Ohio is an industrial state, ranking 8th out of 50 states in GDP, is the second largest producer of automobiles behind Michigan. Ohio's geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic expansion; because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo and business traffic passes through its borders along its well-developed highways. Ohio has the nation's 10th largest highway network and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North America's population and 70% of North America's manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline. Ohio's southern border is defined by the Ohio River, much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohio's neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Lake Erie to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, West Virginia on the southeast.
Ohio's borders were defined by metes and bounds in the Enabling Act of 1802 as follows: Bounded on the east by the Pennsylvania line, on the south by the Ohio River, to the mouth of the Great Miami River, on the west by the line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami aforesaid, on the north by an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan, running east after intersecting the due north line aforesaid, from the mouth of the Great Miami until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line, thence with the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid. Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1980, the U. S. Supreme Court held that, based on the wording of the cessation of territory by Virginia, the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky is the northern low-water mark of the river as it existed in 1792. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the river's 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark.
The border with Michigan has changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated till plains, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp; this glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills and forests; the rugged southeastern quadrant of Ohio, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West Virginia Panhandle to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct socio-economic unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area's coal mining legacy, dependence on small pockets of old manufacturing establishments, distinctive regional dialect set this section off from the rest of the state.
In 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, an attempt to "address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region." This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia. While 1/3 of Ohio's land mass is part of the federally defined Appalachian region, only 12.8% of Ohioans live there Significant rivers within the state include the Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, Scioto River. The rivers in the northern part of the state drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence River, the rivers in the southern part of the state drain into the Gulf of Mexico via the Ohio River and the Mississippi; the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, including the downtown business district of Dayton; as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States.
Grand Lake St. Marys in the west-central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for ca
Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio
Turtlecreek Township is one of the eleven townships of Warren County, United States. It surrounds the county seat of Lebanon. Turtlecreek is the largest township in the county containing sixty-three whole and seven fractional sections, it had a population of 12,617 in 2000, up from 10,383 in 1990. Of those, 12,114 lived in the unincorporated part of the township, 456 in Middletown, 47 in Monroe. Located in the central and western parts of the county, it borders the following townships: Clearcreek Township - north Wayne Township - northeast Washington Township - east, across the Little Miami River Salem Township - southeast Union Township - south Deerfield Township - southwest Lemon Township, Butler County - west, north of Liberty Township Liberty Township, Butler County - west, south of Liberty Township Franklin Township - northwestThe city of Lebanon withdrew from the township in the 1960s and formed a paper township. Portions of the township have been lost to annexations by the cities of Monroe and Mason.
Those areas within Monroe, remain in the township. Most of the township was in the Symmes Purchase, but the two northernmost rows of sections were not, though they are surveyed in the same manner as the Purchase; the township is named for a stream named for Indian chief Little Turtle. It is the only Turtlecreek Township statewide, although there is a Turtle Creek Township in Shelby County. Turtlecreek Township was established by the Warren County Commissioners on August 15, 1804; the township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
There are two large state prisons located in the western part of the township: Lebanon Correctional Institution and Warren Correctional Institution. Both Interstate 75 and Interstate 71 cross the township, as do U. S. Route 42 and State Routes 48, 63, 123, 350, 741; the Lebanon-Warren County Airport is located in Turtlecreek Township on Greentree Road between Lebanon and Greentree Corners. Most of the township is in the Lebanon City School District but a portion of the north center is in the Springboro Community City School District; the portion within the city of Monroe was detached circa 2002 and placed in the new Monroe Local School District. A part in the northwest is in the Middletown City School District, a part in the southwest is in the Mason City School District, a part in the southeast is in the Little Miami School District. Most of Turtlecreek Township is served by the Lebanon and Oregonia post offices, but parts are served by Middletown, Monroe and Franklin. Most of the township is in the Lebanon telephone exchange but parts are within the Mason, Morrow and Middletown exchanges.
County website
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most identify, indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the US Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino".
However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights. In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government; the development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.
The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census. Race data are critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require these data to meet legislative redistricting requirements; the data are needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes. Data on Ethnic Groups are needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements." The 1790 United States Census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and applicable laws."The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in'two of the most public places within, there to remain for the inspection of all concerned...' and that'the aggregate amount of each description of persons' for every district be transmitted to the president."
This law along with U. S. marshals were responsible for governing the census. One third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation; the data was lost in 1790–1830 time period and included data from: Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Delaware, New Jersey, Virginia. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as follows: free white males at least 16 years of age, free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons, slaves. Thomas Jefferson the Secretary of State, directed marshals to collect data from all thirteen states, from the Southwest Territory; the census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. There was some doubt surrounding the numbers, President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted; the potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread out population, restraints of current technology.
No microdata from the 1790 population census is available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed; the 1820
Cincinnati metropolitan area
The Cincinnati metropolitan area, informally known as Greater Cincinnati or the Greater Cincinnati Tri-State Area, is a metropolitan area that includes counties in the U. S. states of Ohio and Indiana around the Ohio city of Cincinnati. The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati–Middletown, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area; as of the 2010 U. S. Census, this MSA had a population of 2,114,580, making Greater Cincinnati the 29th most populous metropolitan area in the United States, the first largest metro area in Ohio, followed by Cleveland and Columbus; the Census lists the Cincinnati–Wilmington–Maysville, OH–KY–IN Combined Statistical Area, which adds Clinton County and Mason County, Kentucky for a 2014 estimated population of 2,208,450. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis; the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN, MSA was formed by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted of the Kentucky counties of Campbell and Kenton and the Ohio county of Hamilton.
As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Hamilton County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Hamilton–Middletown, OH MSA was formed in 1950 and consisted of Butler County, Ohio. In 1990, the Census changed designation of the areas known as MSAs to Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area, a new Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area grouping was created. From 1990 through 2005, the Cincinnati–Hamilton–Middletown CMSA included the Cincinnati–Hamilton, OH–KY–IN PMSA and the Hamilton–Middletown, OH PMSA; as of December 2005, Census terminology changed again. Consolidated Statistical Areas combine more than one Core Based Statistical Area. Newly defined MSAs and µSAs Statistical Areas are CBSAs. From 2005 to 2013, the Cincinnati–Middletown–Wilmington CSA included the Cincinnati–Middletown MSA, Wilmington, OH µSA. In 2013, the CSA was redefined again; the Cincinnati–Middletown MSA was renamed the Cincinnati MSA.
The Wilmington, OH µSA remained in the CSA. The Maysville, KY µSA, which had consisted of Mason and Lewis Counties in Kentucky, was redefined as consisting of Mason County and added to the CSA; the name of the CSA accordingly changed to the Cincinnati–Wilmington–Maysville CSA. The metropolitan area's population has grown 8.1 percent between Census 2000 and the 2009 Census population estimate, just under the national population growth rate of 9.2 percent over the same period. This growth rate is about in the middle of the growth rates of other sized mid western metropolitan areas. For example, the Cleveland metropolitan area lost 2% of population, while Louisville gained 8%, Columbus gained 12%, Indianapolis gained 14% over the same time period; the 2009 population estimate from the US Census classifies population changes between natural population increases and net migration. Natural population increase contributes fundamentally all of Greater Cincinnati's population growth. A small amount of net international migration to the region is offset by a small amount of net domestic migration out of the region.
The Cincinnati Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes seven counties in Northern Kentucky and three in Southeast Indiana, is the largest metropolitan area that includes parts of Ohio, exceeding the population of Greater Cleveland, though both Greater Cleveland and metropolitan Columbus have larger populations within the state of Ohio as of 2013. Most of the region's population growth has occurred in the northern counties, leading to speculation that the Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky metropolitan area will merge with Greater Dayton. Cincinnati is located close to other metropolitan areas, such as Louisville and Frankfort, Columbus, Ohio. Notes 1For comparison purposes, population data is summarized using 2008 Census CSA/MSA county definitions. 2Butler County, Ohio was known as the Hamilton–Middletown, OH PMSA and was separate from the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN PMSA until the 1990 Census, when the Cincinnati–Hamilton, OH–KY–IN CMSA designation was used to consolidate the two PMSAs. The CMSA/PMSA designation is no longer used by the US Census.
Brown County, Ohio Butler County, Ohio Clermont County, Ohio Clinton County, Ohio Hamilton County, Ohio Warren County, Ohio Boone County, Kentucky Bracken County, Kentucky Campbell County, Kentucky Gallatin County, Kentucky Grant County, Kentucky Kenton County, Kentucky Mason County, Kentucky Pendleton County, Kentucky Dearborn County, Indiana Franklin County, Indiana Ohio County, Indiana In order of 2010 census population: Cincinnati, Ohio Hamilton, Ohio Middletown, Ohio Fairfield, Ohio Covington, Kentucky Mason, Ohio Florence, Kentucky Independence, Kentucky Oxford, Ohio Lebanon, Ohio Norwood, Ohio Forest Park, Ohio Erlanger, Kentucky Springboro, Ohio Fort Thomas, Kentucky Newport, Kentucky Sharonville, Ohio Blue Ash, Ohio Wilmington, Ohio Loveland, Ohio Springdale, Ohio Maysville, Kentucky Interstate 71 Interstate 74 Interstate 75 Interstate 275 Interstate 471 U. S. Route 22 & State Route 3 U. S. Route
Lemon Township, Butler County, Ohio
Lemon Township is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, United States. Located in the northeastern part of the county, it includes most of the city of Monroe, it had a population of 13,875 at the 2010 census. It is the only Lemon Township statewide; the township as created was 36 square miles and included all of the Butler County portions of what is Middletown and most of the Butler County part of Monroe, the remainder being in Liberty Township. The southern part of the township was within the limits of the Symmes Purchase, the northern boundary today being marked by Todhunter Road, 2.25 miles north of the southern boundary. It was bounded on the east by the Warren County line and on the west and north by the Great Miami River. Lemon Township was erected by the Butler County Court of Quarter Sessions on May 10, 1803, with these boundaries: Beginning on the west bank of the Great Miami, at the southwest corner of fractional township No. 1 in the fourth range west of the Miami. 11, township 3, in the third entire range.
The original boundaries included all of what is now Madison Township, Madison being divided from Lemon on May 7, 1810. 1900—1,743 1910—1,534 1920—1,583 1930—1,988 1940—2,109 1950—2,545 1960—6,236 1970—12,795 1980—13,553 1990—6,056 2000—8,607 2010—13,875 Located in the eastern part of the county, it borders the following townships and city: Middletown - north Turtlecreek Township, Warren County - east Liberty Township - south Madison Township - westThe Miami and Erie Canal passed through the township, parallelling the eastern shore of the Great Miami and linking Hamilton to Middletown. Remains of the canal, including the lock at Excello, are preserved as parks in the township; the Norfolk Southern Railway has a main line through the center of the township. Major roads include Interstate 75 and State Routes 4, 63, 73; the old Dixie Highway U. S. Route 25, passed through the township and is now an unnumbered road sharing the name of Main Street through the center of Monroe; the community of Excello lies in the central part of the township, the community of Blue Ball was on the Dixie Highway where it crossed the Warren County line.
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees; the township is served by the Monroe and Middletown post offices and lies in the Monroe and Middletown telephone exchanges. The newly created Monroe Local School District serves the southern portion of the township and the Middletown City School District the remainder. Duke Energy provides power and natural gas service. Bert S. Barlow, W. H. Todhunter, Stephen D. Cone, Joseph J. Pater, Frederick Schneider, eds. Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio.
Hamilton, Ohio: B. F. Bowen, 1905. Jim Blount; the 1900s: 100 Years In the History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: Past Present Press, 2000. Butler County Engineer's Office. Butler County Official Transportation Map, 2003. Fairfield Township, Butler County, Ohio: The Office, 2003. John W. Hauck. Narrow Gauge in Ohio. Boulder, Colorado: Pruett Publishing, 1986. ISBN 0-87108-629-8 A History and Biographical Cyclopaedia of Butler County, Ohio with Illustrations and Sketches of Its Representative Men and Pioneers. Cincinnati, Ohio: Western Biographical Publishing Company, 1882. Ohio. Secretary of State; the Ohio municipal and township roster, 2002-2003. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 2003. County website
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is applied to living organisms, most of the time to humans, it is a key geographical term. In simple terms population density refers to the number of people living in an area per kilometer square. Population density is population divided by total land water volume, as appropriate. Low densities may lead to further reduced fertility; this is called the Allee effect after the scientist. Examples of the causes in low population densities include: Increased problems with locating sexual mates Increased inbreeding For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area quoted per square kilometer or square mile; this may be calculated for a county, country, another territory or the entire world. The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area is 510,000,000 square kilometers. Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per km2. If only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account human population density is 50 per km2.
This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is excluded population density rises to over 55 people per km2. However, over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human habitation, such as deserts and high mountains, population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh-water sources. Thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states and dependencies; these territories have a small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation The potential to maintain the agricultural aspects of deserts is limited as there is not enough precipitation to support a sustainable land. The population in these areas are low. Therefore, cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai, have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace.
Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa fall into this category. City population and area are, however dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are invariably higher for the central city area than when suburban settlements and the intervening rural areas are included, as in the areas of agglomeration or metropolitan area, the latter sometimes including neighboring cities. For instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, the surrounding suburbs excluded. In comparison, based on a world population of seven billion, the world's inhabitants, as a loose crowd taking up ten square feet per person, would occupy a space a little larger than Delaware's land area; the Gaza Strip has a population density of 5,046 pop/km.
Although arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide a more accurate measure of population density over a specific area. Arithmetic density: The total number of people / area of land Physiological density: The total population / area of arable land Agricultural density: The total rural population / area of arable land Residential density: The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land Urban density: The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land Ecological optimum: The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources Demography Human geography Idealized population Optimum population Population genetics Population health Population momentum Population pyramid Rural transport problem Small population size Distance sampling List of population concern organizations List of countries by population density List of cities by population density List of city districts by population density List of English districts by population density List of European cities proper by population density List of United States cities by population density List of islands by population density List of U.
S. states by population density List of Australian suburbs by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density Duncan Smith / UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. "World Population Density". Exploratory map shows data from the Global Human Settlement Layer produced by the European Commission JRC and the CIESIN Columbia University
Great Miami River
The Great Miami River is a tributary of the Ohio River 160 miles long, in southwestern Ohio and Indiana in the United States. The Great Miami flows through Dayton, Troy and Sidney; the river is named for the Miami, an Algonquian-speaking Native American people who lived in the region during the early days of European settlement. They were forced to relocate to the west to escape European-American settlement pressure; the region surrounding the Great Miami River is known as the Miami Valley. This term is used in the upper portions of the valley as a moniker for the economic-cultural region centered on the Greater Dayton area; as the lower portions of the Miami Valley fall under the influence of Cincinnati and the Ohio River Valley, residents of the lower area do not identify with the Miami in the same way. The main course of the Great Miami River rises from the outflow of Indian Lake in Logan County, about 1 mile southeast of the village of Russells Point 15 miles southeast of Lima. Indian Lake is an artificial reservoir which receives the flow from the North and South forks of the Great Miami River.
It flows south and southwest, past Sidney, is joined by Loramie Creek in northern Miami County. It flows south past Piqua and Troy, through Taylorsville Dam near Tipp City and Vandalia, it continues through Dayton, where it is joined by the Mad rivers and Wolf Creek. From Dayton it flows southwest past Miamisburg, Franklin and Hamilton in the southwest corner of Ohio. In southwestern Hamilton County, it is joined by the Whitewater River 5 miles upstream from its mouth on the Ohio River, just east of the Ohio-Indiana state line 16 miles west of Cincinnati; the river meanders across the state line near Lawrenceburg, Indiana in the last two miles before reaching its mouth ¼ mile east of the border in Ohio. The border of Ohio and Indiana was based on where the confluence of the Ohio and Great Miami Rivers was in 1800. In the 1700s, the French called the river Riviere a la Roche; the Miami and Erie Canal, which connected the Ohio River with Lake Erie, was built through the Great Miami watershed. The first portion of the canal, from Cincinnati to Middletown, was operational in 1828, extended to Dayton in 1830.
Water from the Great Miami fed into the canal. A extension to the canal, the Sidney Feeder, drew water from the upper reaches of the Great Miami from near Port Jefferson and Sidney; the canal served as the principal north-south route of transportation from Toledo to Cincinnati for western Ohio until being supplanted in the 1850s by railroads. As was common in early industrial days, beginning in the 19th century the river served as a source of water and a method to dispose of wastes for a variety of major industrial firms, including Armco Steel, Champion International Paper, Black Clawson and many others. Heightened attention to water pollution in the late 1950s and 1960s has led to significant improvements in waste disposal and water quality. Following a catastrophic flood in March 1913, the Miami Conservancy District was established in 1914 within Ohio to build dams and storage areas, to dredge and straighten channels to control flooding of the river; the Great Miami River has been known as: Assereniet River Big Miami River Gran Miammee Fiume Grande Miami Riviere Great Miama River Great Miamia River Great Miammee River Great Mineami River Miami River Riviere à la Roche Rocky Fiume Rocky River Big Mineamy River Great Miamis River Great Miyamis River Miamis River Riviere La Rushes Rockey River Clear Creek Loramie Creek Mad River Stillwater River Twin Creek Whitewater River Wolf Creek Indian Creek Taylor Creek Four Mile Creek List of rivers of Indiana List of rivers of Ohio Little Miami River Arthur Benke & Colbert Cushing, Rivers of North America, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005 ISBN 0-12-088253-1
Middletown travel guide from Wikivoyage
