1.
Third baseman
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In the scoring system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number 5. The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls, the third base position requires a strong and accurate arm, as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base. The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play, the third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory. Third base is known as the hot corner, because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter, a third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour. Third basemen often must begin in an even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected. As with middle infielders, right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base. Mike Squires, who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983, is a rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty. Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast. Players who could hit with more ability often were not suited for third base, since the 1950s the position has become more of a power position with sluggers such as Eddie Mathews, Mike Schmidt and Ron Santo becoming stars. There are fewer third basemen in the Baseball Hall of Fame than there are Hall of Famers of any other position
2.
Kingston, New York
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Kingston /ˈkɪŋstən/ is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County, New York, United States. It is 91 miles north of New York City and 59 miles south of Albany and it became New Yorks first capital in 1777, and was burned by the British on October 13,1777, after the Battles of Saratoga. In the 19th century, the city became an important transport hub after the discovery of cement in the region. As early as 1614 the Dutch had set up a factorij at Ponckhockie, at the junction of the Rondout Creek, the first recorded permanent settler in what would become the city of Kingston, was Thomas Chambers, who came from the area of Rensselaerswyck in 1653. The place was called Esopus after the local Esopus tribe, as more settlers arrived, tensions developed between the Esopus and the Dutch, in part due to the Dutch selling alcohol to the young Esopus men. In the spring of 1658 Peter Stuyvesant, Director-General of New Amsterdam, arrived and advised the residents if they wished to remain they must re-locate to high ground. Tensions continued between the Esopus and the settlers, eventually leading to the Esopus Wars, in 1661 the settlement was granted a charter as a separate municipality, Stuyvesant named it Wiltwijck. It was not until 1663 that the Dutch ended the conflict with the Esopus through a coalition of Dutch settlers, Wappinger. Wiltwyck was one of three large Hudson River settlements in New Netherland, the two being Beverwyck, now Albany, and New Amsterdam, now New York City. With the English seizure of New Netherland in 1664, relations between the Dutch settlers and the English soldiers garrisoned there were often strained, in 1669 Wiltwyck was renamed Kingston, in honor of the family seat of Governor Lovelaces mother. In 1777, Kingston became the first capital of New York, during the summer of 1777, when the New York State constitution was written, New York City was occupied by British troops and Albany was under threat of attack by the British. The seat of government was moved to Kingston, which was deemed safer, however, the British never reached Albany, having been stopped at Saratoga, but they did reach Kingston. On October 13,1777, the city was burned by British troops moving up river from New York City, the denizens of Kingston knew of the oncoming fleet. By the time the British arrived, the residents and government officials had removed to Hurley, the area was a major granary for the colonies at the time, so the British burned large amounts of wheat and all but one or two of the buildings. Kingston celebrates and re-enacts the 1777 burning of the city by the British every other year, Kingston was incorporated as a village on April 6,1805. In the early 1800s four sloops plied the river from Kingston to New York, by 1829 steamers made the trip to Manhattan in a little over twelve hours, usually travelling by night. Columbus Point was the landing for Kingston and stage lines ran from the village to the Point. The Dutch cultural influence in Kingston remained strong through the end of the nineteenth century, prior to 1825 Rondout was a small farming village
3.
Batting average
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Batting average is a statistic in cricket, baseball, and softball that measures the performance of batsmen in cricket and batters in baseball. The development of the statistic was influenced by the cricket statistic. In cricket, a batting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been out. The number is also simple to interpret intuitively, if all the batsmans innings were completed, this is the average number of runs they score per innings. If they did not complete all their innings, this number is an estimate of the average number of runs they score per innings. Batting average has been used to gauge cricket players relative skills since the 18th century, most players have career batting averages in the range of 20 to 40. This is also the range for wicket-keepers, though some fall short. All-rounders who are more prominent bowlers than batsmen typically average something between 20 and 30,15 and under is typical for specialist bowlers. Under this qualification, the highest Test batting average belongs to Australias Sir Donald Bradman, given that a career batting average over 50 is exceptional, and that only four other players have averages over 60, this is an outstanding statistic. The fact that Bradmans average is so far above that of any other cricketer has led several statisticians to argue that, statistically at least, he was the greatest sportsman in any sport. As at 21 October 2016, Adam Voges of Australia has recorded an average of 72.75 from 27 innings played and it should also be remembered, especially in relation to the ODI histogram above, that there were no ODI competitions when Bradman played. If their scores have a geometric distribution then total number of runs scored divided by the number of times out is the maximum likelihood estimate of their true unknown average, Batting averages can be strongly affected by the number of not outs. A different, and more developed, statistic which is also used to gauge the effectiveness of batsmen is the strike rate. It measures a different concept however – how quickly the batsman scores – so it does not supplant the role of batting average and it is used particularly in limited overs matches, where the speed at which a batsman scores is more important than it is in first-class cricket. Table shows players with at least 20 innings completed, in baseball, the batting average is defined by the number of hits divided by at bats. It is usually reported to three places and read without the decimal, A player with a batting average of.300 is batting three-hundred. A point is understood, in only, to be.001. If necessary to break ties, batting averages could be taken beyond the.001 measurement, henry Chadwick, an English statistician raised on cricket, was an influential figure in the early history of baseball
4.
Home run
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In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run. There is also the home run, increasingly rare in modern baseball. When a home run is scored, the batter is credited with a hit and a run scored. Likewise, the pitcher is recorded as having given up a hit, a batted ball is also a home run if it touches either foul pole or its attached screen before touching the ground, as the foul poles are by definition in fair territory. A batted ball that goes over the wall after touching the ground is not a home run. A fielder is allowed to reach over the wall to attempt to catch the ball as long as his feet are on or over the field during the attempt. If the fielder successfully catches the ball while it is in flight the batter is out, however, since the fielder is not part of the field, a ball that bounces off a fielder and over the wall without touching the ground is still a home run. A home run accomplished in any of the above manners is a home run. This stipulation is in Approved Ruling of Rule 7.10, an inside-the-park home run occurs when a batter hits the ball into play and is able to circle the bases before the fielders can put him out. Unlike with a home run, the batter-runner and all preceding runners are liable to be put out by the defensive team at any time while running the bases. This can only happen if the ball does not leave the ballfield, with outfields much less spacious and more uniformly designed than in the games early days, inside-the-park home runs are now a rarity. They are usually the result of a ball being hit by a very fast runner, either way, this sends the ball into open space in the outfield and thereby allows the batter-runner to circle the bases before the defensive team can put him out. The speed of the runner is crucial as even triples are relatively rare in most modern ballparks, all runs scored on such a play, however, still count. An example of an unexpected bounce occurred during the 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at AT&T Park in San Francisco on July 10,2007, by the time the ball was relayed, Ichiro had already crossed the plate standing up. This was the first inside-the-park home run in All-Star Game history, Home runs are often characterized by the number of runners on base at the time. A home run hit with the bases empty is seldom called a one-run homer, with one runner on base, two runs are scored and thus the home run is often called a two-run homer or two-run shot. Similarly, a home runs with two runners on base is a three-run homer or three-run shot, the term four-run homer is seldom used, instead, it is nearly always called a grand slam. Hitting a grand slam is the best possible result for the turn at bat
5.
Run batted in
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A run batted in, plural runs batted in, is a statistic in baseball and softball that credits a batter for making a play that allows a run to be scored. For example, if the batter bats a base hit, then another player on a base can go home. Prior to the 1920 Major League Baseball season, runs batted in were not a baseball statistic. Nevertheless, the RBI statistic was tabulated—unofficially—from 1907 through 1919 by baseball writer Ernie Lanigan, common nicknames for an RBI include ribby, rib, and ribeye. The plural of RBI is generally RBIs, although some commentators use RBI as both singular and plural, as it can stand for runs batted in. The official scorers judgment must determine whether a run batted in shall be credited for a run that scores when a fielder holds the ball or throws to a wrong base. The perceived significance of the RBI is displayed by the fact that it is one of the three categories that comprise the triple crown, in addition, career RBIs are often cited in debates over who should be elected to the Hall of Fame. This implies that better offensive teams—and therefore, the teams in which the most players get on base—tend to produce hitters with higher RBI totals than equivalent hitters on lesser-hitting teams, totals are current through October 8,2015
6.
New York Yankees
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The Essendon Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League, the sports premier competition. Formed in 1871 as a club and playing as a senior club since 1878. It is historically associated with Essendon, a suburb in the north-west of Melbourne, dyson Heppell is the current team captain. A founding member club of both the Victorian Football Association, in 1877, and the Victorian Football League, in 1896, the club claims to have over at least one million supporters Australia wide. Essendon has won 16 VFL/AFL premierships which, along with Carlton, is the most of any club in the competition, the club was founded by members of the Royal Agricultural Society, the Melbourne Hunt Club and the Victorian Woolbrokers. The Essendon Football Club is thought to have formed in 1872 at a meeting it the home of a well-known brewery family, the McCrackens, whose Ascot Vale property hosted a team of local junior players. Robert McCracken, the owner of several city hotels, was the founder and first president of the Essendon club and his son, Alex, Alex would later become president of the newly formed VFL. Alexs cousin, Collier, who had played with Melbourne, was the teams first captain. The club played its first recorded match against the Carlton second twenty on 7 June 1873, Essendon played 13 matches in its first season, winning seven, with four draws and losing two. The club was one of the junior members of the Victorian Football Association in 1877. During its early years in the Association, Essendon played its matches at Flemington Hill. In 1878, Essendon played in the first match on what would be considered by modern standards to be a field at Flemington Hill. In 1879 Essendon played Melbourne in one of the earliest night matches recorded when the ball was painted white, in 1883 the team played four matches in Adelaide. In 1891 Essendon won their first VFA premiership, which they repeated in 1892,1893 and 1894, one of the clubs greatest players, Albert Thurgood played for the club during this period. Essendon was undefeated in the 1893 season, at the end of the 1896 season Essendon along with seven other clubs formed the Victorian Football League. Essendons first VFL game was in 1897 was against Geelong at Corio Oval in Geelong, Essendon won its first VFL premiership by winning the 1897 VFL finals series. Essendon again won the premiership in 1901, defeating Collingwood in the Grand Final, the club won successive premierships in 1911 and 1912 over Collingwood and South Melbourne respectively. The nickname first appeared in print in the local North Melbourne Advertiser in 1889 and it was known firstly as Essendon Town and, after 1905, as Essendon
7.
1966 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1966 throughout the world. Williams receives 282 of a possible 302 votes, february 28 – Seeking an unprecedented 3-year $1.05 million to be divided evenly, the Los Angeles Dodgers pitchers Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale begin a joint holdout. March 8 – The Special Veterans Committee waives Hall of Fame election rules and inducts Casey Stengel, March 17 – Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale escalate their threat of retirement by signing movie contracts. On March 30, they end their 32-day holdout, signing for $130,000. April 3 – USC pitcher Tom Seaver signs with the New York Mets and he had been drafted by the Braves, but they had signed him to a minor league contract while he was still in college. This voided Seavers remaining eligibility, and voided the contract, the Mets won a special lottery over Cleveland and Philadelphia to win the right to sign him. April 11 – Emmett Ashford takes the field in Washington to officiate a 5–2 Washington Senators win over the Cleveland Indians and he is the first African-American umpire in Major League history. April 12 – Over 50,000 fans show up at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium to watch the Braves first home game in Atlanta, the Braves fall to the Pittsburgh Pirates in 13 innings, 3–2. May 7 – One day after the New York Yankees record falls to 4–16, general manager Ralph Houk fires Johnny Keane as manager, dan Topping, Jr. replaces Houk as general manager. Their talent and farm system both depleted, the Yankees, after finishing in place in 1965, will finish dead last—their first time doing so since 1912. May 8 The San Francisco Giants trade first baseman/outfielder Orlando Cepeda to the St. Louis Cardinals for pitcher Ray Sadecki, Cepeda will go on to win the National League Most Valuable Player award in 1967 on the Cardinals World Championship team. That same day, the Giants defeat the Cardinals 10–5 in the game at the old Busch Stadium. Frank Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles hits what will be the home run ever hit completely out of Memorial Stadium. The shot comes against Luis Tiant in the first inning of the Orioles 8-3 victory in the game of a doubleheader against the Cleveland Indians. Braves outfielder Felipe Alou delivered a pair of home runs, may 14 – The San Francisco Giants Willie Mays hits his then National League record 512th home run – topping another Giant, Mel Ott. San Francisco beat the Los Angeles Dodgers, 6–1, at Candlestick Park, june 7 – The Oakland Athletics use the second overall pick to draft Arizona State outfielder Reggie Jackson. These five home runs still stand as a Major League record for the most home runs batted in a single inning, june 10 – Sonny Siebert of the Cleveland Indians no-hits the Washington Senators 2–0 at Cleveland Stadium. The no-hitter is the first by an Indian since Bob Fellers third career no-hitter, July 3 – Atlanta pitcher Tony Cloninger hits two grand slams in a game against the Giants, he thus becomes the first National League player and only pitcher in Major League history to do so
8.
Milwaukee Brewers
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The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team and are based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The team is named for the association with the brewing industry. Since 2001, the Brewers have played their games at Miller Park. The team was founded in 1969 as the Seattle Pilots, an team of the American League, in Seattle. The Pilots played their games at Sicks Stadium. After only one season, the relocated to Milwaukee, becoming known as the Brewers. In 1998, the Brewers joined the National League and they are the only franchise to play in four divisions since the advent of divisional play in Major League Baseball in 1969. The teams only World Series appearance came in 1982, after winning the ALCS against the California Angels, the Brewers faced off against the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series, losing 4-3. In 2011, the Brewers won the NLDS versus the Arizona Diamondbacks 3–2, the Brewers were part of the American League from their creation in 1969 through the 1997 season, after which they moved to the National League Central Division. Milwaukee had previously been a National League city when its team was the Milwaukee Braves, in 1981, Milwaukee won the American League East Division in the second half of the strike-shortened season. In the playoffs, they lost the series to the New York Yankees. In 1982, Milwaukee won the American League East Division and the American League Pennant, in the Series, they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals, four games to three. In 1998, the Brewers changed leagues, going from the American League to the National League, in 2008, for the first time in the 26 years since their World Series appearance, the Brewers advanced to postseason play by winning the National League wild card. They were eliminated in the National League Division Series by the eventual World Series champion Philadelphia Phillies, on September 23,2011, the Milwaukee Brewers clinched their first division title in 29 years. The first Brewers uniforms were hand-me-downs from the Seattle Pilots, because the move to Milwaukee received final approval less than a week before the start of the season, there was no time to order new uniforms. However, the outline of the Pilots logo remained visible, the uniforms had unique striping on the sleeves left over from the Pilots days. The cap was a version of the Milwaukee Braves cap in blue. Ultimately, it was decided to keep blue and gold as the team colors, the Brewers finally got their own flannel design in 1971
9.
1972 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1972 throughout the world. 1972 was tainted by a strike over pension and salary arbitration. The strike erased the first week and a half of the season, as a result, an uneven number of games were cancelled for each team, some as few as six, some as many as nine. The lack of makeups of those games, even when they affected playoffs,1972 marked the first year for the Texas Rangers, who had moved to Arlington from Washington, D. C. after the 1971 season. There would be no baseball in D. C. until 2005, the team was one of the worst ever fielded by the franchise, losing 100 games for the first time since 1964. Manager Ted Williams hated living in the Dallas-Fort Worth area,1972 would mark the Kansas City Royals final year at Kansas City Municipal Stadium, as the next year they would move to Royals Stadium at the Truman Sports Complex in suburban Kansas City. January 19 – The Baseball Writers Association of America elects Sandy Koufax, Yogi Berra, Koufax makes it in his first try and, at age of 36, is the youngest honoree in history. January 20 – The Chicago Cubs trade Johnny Callison to the New York Yankees for Jack Aker, february 8 – Commissioner Bowie Kuhn announces that the Special Committee on the Negro Leagues has selected Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard for the Hall of Fame. March 16 – Reigning Cy Young and MVP award winner Vida Blue announces his retirement and it will be a short one as he will join the Oakland Athletics in May. April 1 –13 – The first players strike in baseball history wipes 6–8 games off the schedule of each MLB team and it is agreed that those games will be canceled. The strike results in the team owners adding salary arbitration to the collective bargaining agreement, april 2 – With the sudden death of Gil Hodges, Yogi Berra is named manager of the New York Mets. April 16 – At Wrigley Field, Burt Hooton of the Chicago Cubs no-hits the Philadelphia Phillies 4–0, april 21 – At Arlington Stadium, Frank Howard hits the first home run in Texas Rangers history, a solo shot against Clyde Wright of the California Angels. May 11 – The San Francisco Giants trade Willie Mays to the New York Mets for minor league pitcher Charlie Williams and he scores in the 1st inning on Rusty Staubs grand slam and his solo homer in the 5th inning snaps a 4–4 tie. The final score, Mets 5, Giants 4, may 28 – The Milwaukee Brewers fire manager Dave Bristol, replacing him with Del Crandall. Coach Roy McMillan takes over until Crandall arrives and guides the team to a 4–1 loss to the Boston Red Sox, june 18 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules 5–3 in favor of Major League Baseball in the lawsuit brought by Curt Flood. She resigns between games after being abused by some spectators and by some involved in the game. July 2 – San Franciscos Willie McCovey hits his 14th career grand slam home run to pace the Giants 9–3 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Pitcher Randy Moffitt wins his first major game and receives a congratulatory telegram from his sister Billie Jean King
10.
1979 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1979 throughout the world. World Series, Pittsburgh Pirates over Baltimore Orioles, Willie Stargell, MVP American League Championship Series MVP, february 3 – The Minnesota Twins trade Rod Carew to the California Angels for Ken Landreaux, Dave Engle, Paul Hartzell and Brad Havens. March 7 – The Special Veterans Committee selects Warren Giles and Hack Wilson for the Hall of Fame, april 7 – In the earliest no-hitter in major league history, the Houston Astros Ken Forsch shuts down the Atlanta Braves 6–0. His brother, St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Forsch, hurled a no-hitter the previous season against the Philadelphia Phillies — making them the first big league brothers to each toss a no-hitter. April 19 – New York Yankees closer Rich Gossage breaks his thumb in a clubhouse fight with teammate Cliff Johnson. Gossage would miss almost two months, while 1978 American League Cy Young Award winner Ron Guidry voluntarily replaced him in the bullpen for a short time. May 9 – With the score tied 4-4 in the inning, and Jimmy Sexton on first base with no outs. The Cardinals attempt to get the runner on the play, however, second base umpire Dave Pallone calls Sexton safe. Cardinals manager Ken Boyer, First baseman Keith Hernandez and catcher Ted Simmons are ejected from the game, players on the Cardinals bench begin throwing bats and helmets onto the field in protest. As a result, Pallone orders the entire Cardinals bench into the clubhouse, the Cardinals would get out of the inning without a run scoring, however would lose it in the sixteenth inning. Bill Buckner had a grand slam and seven RBIs for Chicago, the game included a then Major League record 11 home runs and 50 hits. May 25 – Starter Ross Baumgarten and reliever Randy Scarbery pitched the first combined one-hitter in Chicago White Sox history, defeating Nolan Ryan, may 28 – Texas Rangers first baseman Mike Jorgensen is hit in the head by a pitch from Boston Red Sox pitcher Andy Hassler. Dave Roberts comes into the game to run for Jorgensen. Aside from an appearance on May 31, Jorgensen does not play again until July 1. After suffering headaches, it is discovered he has a blood clot inside his head. June 8 – The Kansas City Royals use their fourth pick to draft Dan Marino. In the seventeenth round, they select Stanfords John Elway, neither player would sign with the Royals, though they would go on to record-breaking careers in the National Football League. June 12 – The Detroit Tigers hire Sparky Anderson as their new manager, June 18 – Bob Lemon is fired as manager of the defending World Series champ New York Yankees after a sluggish 34-31 start
11.
1982 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1982 throughout the world. World Series Champion, St. Aaron fell nine votes shy of becoming the first unanimous selection, february 8 – The Los Angeles Dodgers trade away Davey Lopes to the Oakland Athletics. This trade breaks up the infield of Lopes, Ron Cey, Bill Russell, and Steve Garvey, which had been together since 1974. February 11 – In a trade of shortstops, the St. Louis Cardinals acquire Ozzie Smith from the San Diego Padres for Garry Templeton. March 10 – Former New York Giants shortstop Travis Jackson and former baseball commissioner Happy Chandler are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee. Jackson hit.291 in 15 seasons between the 1920s and 1930s, while Chandler was the commissioner and oversaw – and encouraged – the dismantling of the color barrier in 1947. April 1 – The New York Mets trade Lee Mazzilli to the Texas Rangers for Ron Darling, april 6 – In Minneapolis, the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome debuts for major league baseball, as the Seattle Mariners outslug the Minnesota Twins 11-7. Muriel Humphrey, the widow of the 38th Vice President of the United States, Steve Bedrosian was the winning pitcher. The streak would reach 13 the next day as the Braves beat the Reds 4-3, may 6 – Gaylord Perry of the Seattle Mariners becomes the 15th pitcher with 300 career wins. May 9 The New York Mets Rusty Staub hits a game winning run off Greg Minton of the San Francisco Giants. The home run ends Mintons streak of 254 1⁄3 innings without allowing a long ball and this still stands as the longest streak in the live-ball era, if not ever. He returns to Olympic Stadium in the seventh and, after the game, may 25 – In the third inning against the San Diego Padres, Ferguson Jenkins, playing for the Chicago Cubs, becomes the seventh pitcher to record 3,000 strikeouts. His victim is Garry Templeton of the Padres, may 30 – Cal Ripken, Jr. starts at third base for the Baltimore Orioles against the Toronto Blue Jays. It is the first game of his record breaking 2,632 consecutive games played streak, coincidentally, tomorrow, May 31, will be the fifty-seventh anniversary of the start of Lou Gehrigs streak, which Ripken will break. June 2 – The Milwaukee Brewers, 23–24 on the season and 7 games out of first place, harvey Kuenn replaces him and will guide the Brewers to victory in 20 of their next 27 games, the Brewers taking over first place on July 11. The team soon to be known as Harveys Wallbangers will go on to win the American League East title, june 6 – While crossing a street in Arlington, Texas, umpire Lou DiMuro is struck by a car, he dies early the next day. Major League Baseball later retires his uniform number 16, june 20 – Pete Rose becomes only the fifth player in history to play in 3,000 Major League baseball games. Its the NLs 11th straight victory and 19th in the last 20 contests, July 19 – Tony Gwynn of the San Diego Padres makes his Major League debut
12.
Kansas City Royals
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The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals compete in Major League Baseball as a team of the American League Central division. The team was founded as a franchise in 1969, and has participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015. The name Royals originates from the American Royal, a show, horse show, rodeo. Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots, since April 10,1973, the Royals have played at Kauffman Stadium, formerly known as Royals Stadium. The team remained competitive throughout the early 1990s, but then had one winning season from 1995 to 2012. For 28 consecutive seasons, the Royals did not qualify to play in the Major League Baseball postseason, the team broke this streak in 2014 by securing the franchises first wild card berth and advancing to the World Series. The Royals followed this up by winning the teams first Central Division title in 2015, the Royals began play in 1969 in Kansas City, Missouri. In their inaugural game, on April 8,1969, the Royals defeated the Minnesota Twins 4–3 in 12 innings, in 1971, the Royals had their first winning season, with manager Bob Lemon leading them to a second-place finish. In 1973, under manager Jack McKeon, the Royals adopted their iconic powder blue road uniforms, the 1973 All-Star Game was hosted at Royals Stadium, with Otis and Mayberry in the AL starting lineup. The event was held at Municipal Stadium in 1960, when the Athletics were based in Kansas City. However, the Royals lost to the New York Yankees in three straight American League Championship Series encounters, after the Royals finished in second place in 1979, Herzog was fired and replaced by Jim Frey. Under Frey, the Royals rebounded in 1980 and advanced to the ALCS, the Royals vanquished the Yankees in a three-game sweep punctuated by a George Brett home run off of Yankees star relief pitcher Goose Gossage. After reaching their first World Series, the Royals fell to the Philadelphia Phillies in six games, Game 6 was also significant because it remains the most-watched game in World Series history with a television audience of 54.9 million viewers. In July 1983, while the Royals were headed for a second-place finish behind the Chicago White Sox another chapter in the rivalry with the New York Yankees occurred. After Yankee Manager Billy Martin came out of the dugout to talk to home plate umpire Tim McClelland, McClelland, McClelland then pointed to Brett in the dugout and gave the out sign, disallowing the home run. Brett stormed out of the dugout, angry and hysterical, the homer was later reinstated by AL President Lee MacPhail, and the Royals won the game after it was resumed several weeks later. The 1983 season was notable for some transitional changes in the Royals organization
13.
1986 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1986 throughout the world. Louis Cardinals Rolaids Relief Man of the Year Award Dave Righetti, New York Yankees Todd Worrell, Billy Williams falls four votes shy of the 319 needed for election. February 28 – Baseball Commissioner Peter Ueberroth suspended 11 players who had testified to cocaine involvement in the Pittsburgh drug trials of 1985. March 10 – Ernie Lombardi, the National League MVP in 1938, and Bobby Doerr, april 8 – former New York Yankee player Lou Piniella makes his managerial debut and guides the Yankees to a 4-2 victory over the Kansas City Royals at Yankee Stadium. Meanwhile, Mario Soto of the Cincinnati Reds became the 11th pitcher in league history to surrender four home runs in an inning in a 7-4 loss to the Montreal Expos. Andre Dawson, Hubie Brooks, Tim Wallach, and Mike Fitzgerald all connected, june 4 – Pitching at Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta Braves pitcher Craig McMurtry gives up Barry Bonds first career home run. June 18 – Don Sutton of the California Angels records his 300th career win, july 6 – First baseman Bob Horner of the Atlanta Braves becomes the eleventh player in history to hit four home runs in one game. Horner is, however, the player to do so in a losing effort as his Braves fall to the Montréal Expos, 11-8. July 15 – At the Houston Astrodome, the American League wins the All-Star Game 3–2, AL starter Roger Clemens pitches three perfect innings to win the Games MVP Award. July 22 – New York Mets third baseman Ray Knight incited a bench clearing brawl at Riverfront Stadium against his former teammates, eric Davis, pinch-running for Reds player/manager Pete Rose in the tenth inning, stole second and third base. Knight took the throw from Mets catcher Gary Carter late, brought his glove to Davis face, a stare-off ensued, followed by a right cross from Knight. The benches emptied and as a result of all the ejections from this fight, Mets manager brought back-up catcher Ed Hearn into the game, Roger McDowell replaced Jesse Orosco on the mound, and Orosco went into right field. They traded positions with two outs in the eleventh, and McDowell traded positions with left fielder Mookie Wilson with one out in the 12th and this rotation continued for the remainder of the game, which the Mets won in fourteen innings. July 29 – Sparky Anderson of the Detroit Tigers becomes the first in baseball to achieve 600 career wins as a manager in both the American and National League, august 1 – Bert Blyleven of the Minnesota Twins records his 3000th career strikeout. In the same game, his teammate Kirby Puckett hits for the cycle for the time in his career. August 10 – Billy Martin has his number 1 retired by the New York Yankees, august 11 – Cincinnati player-manager Pete Rose,45, singled four times and doubled to set an NL record with the 10th five-hit game of his career. Rose drove in three runs in a 13-4 loss to the San Francisco Giants, to one ahead of Max Carey for the record. August 12 – Don Baylor of the Boston Red Sox set an AL record when he was hit by a pitch for the 25th time that season, breaking the record he shared with Bill Freehan and Norm Elberfield
14.
Baltimore Orioles
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The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball as a member of the American League East division, Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns. After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by Baltimore business interests led by Clarence Miles, the franchise officially moved to Baltimore for the 1954 season and adopted the historic Orioles name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland. The Orioles name had also used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore. Nicknames for the team include the Os and the Birds, the Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them. The franchise has won a total of nine division championships, six pennants. The Orioles are also known for their successful stadium, the trend-setting Oriole Park at Camden Yards. The modern Orioles franchise can trace its roots back to the original Milwaukee Brewers of the minor Western League, the Brewers were there when the WL renamed itself the American League in 1900. At the end of the 1900 season, the American League removed itself from baseballs National Agreement, two months later, the AL declared itself a competing major league. As a result of several shifts, the Brewers were one of only two Western League teams that didnt fold, move or get kicked out of the league. In its first game in the American League, the team lost to the Detroit Tigers 14–13 after blowing a lead in the 9th inning. To this day, it is a league record for the biggest deficit overcome that late in the game. During the first American League season in 1901, they finished last with a record of 48–89 and its lone Major League season, the team played at Lloyd Street Grounds, between 16th and 18th Streets in Milwaukee. The Miles-Krieger -Hoffberger group renamed their new team the Baltimore Orioles soon after taking control of the franchise, the name has a rich history in Baltimore, having been used by a National League team in the 1890s. In 1901, Baltimore and McGraw were awarded a franchise in the growing American League. After a battle with Ban Johnson, the Head of the American League in 1902, McGraw took many of the top players including Dan McGann, Roger Bresnahan and Joe McGinnity to the New York Giants. As an affront to Johnson, McGraw kept the black and orange colors of the New York Giants, which San Francisco wears to this day. In 1903, the rest of the team was transferred to New York where they were nicknamed the Highlanders until circa 1912, as a member of the high-minor league level International League, the Orioles competed at what is now known as the AAA level from 1903 to 1953
15.
Cleveland Indians
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The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field, the teams spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. The Indians current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought, the name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season. The name referenced the nickname Indians that was applied to the Cleveland Spiders baseball club during the time when Louis Sockalexis, common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos, the latter being a reference to their logo, Chief Wahoo, a controversial Native American caricature. The teams mascot is named Slider, the franchise originated in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team in the Western League. The team moved to Cleveland in 1900 and changed its name to the Cleveland Lake Shores, one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds, the played in League Park until moving permanently to Cleveland Stadium in 1946. At the end of the 2016 season, they had a regular season record of 9. In 1857 baseball games were a spectacle in Clevelands Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, – Harold Seymour 1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland 1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland From 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities which established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was called the Forest Citys. In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, ultimately, two of the leagues western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that citys White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NAs westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded, Cleveland played their full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season. 1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys 1882–1884 Cleveland Blues In 1876, the National League supplanted the NA as the professional league. Cleveland were not among its members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries. The Cleveland Forest Citys baseball team was then re-created, the National League required distinct colors for the 1882 season, so the Cleveland Forest Citys became the Cleveland Blues
16.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
17.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
18.
Seattle Pilots
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The American professional baseball team now known as the Milwaukee Brewers spent their first season,1969, as the Seattle Pilots in Seattle, Washington. The Pilots played home games at Sicks Stadium and were a member of the West Division of Major League Baseballs American League, on April 1,1970, they moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Pilots name originated from the owners part-time job as a harbor pilot, the team colors were royal blue and gold. Seattle had long been a hotbed for minor league baseball and was home to the Seattle Rainiers, at the time, Seattle was the third-biggest metropolitan area on the West Coast. The Cleveland Indians briefly considered a move to Seattle in 1964, in 1967 Charles Finley looked to move his Kansas City Athletics to Seattle, but ended up moving the Athletics to Oakland, California. There was no competition from other professional teams at the time. While Seattle had landed the National Basketball Association s SuperSonics in 1967, the NFL would come to the city in 1976 with the addition of the expansion Seahawks. The lead man for the ownership, Pacific Northwest Sports, Inc. was Dewey Soriano. In an ominous sign of things to come, Soriano had to ask William R. Daley, in return, Soriano sold Daley 47% of the stock — the largest stake in the club. He became chairman of the board while Soriano served as president, a couple of factors were beyond the Pilots control. They were originally not set to play until 1971 along with the Kansas City Royals. However, the date was moved up to 1969 under pressure from Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, also, the Pilots had to pay the PCL $1 million to compensate for the loss of one of its most successful franchises. After King County voters approved a bond for a stadium in February 1968 with 62% in favor. California Angels executive Marvin Milkes was hired as manager, and Joe Schultz. Schultz and Milkes both optimistically stated that they thought Pilots could finish third in the formed, six-team AL West. However, the Pilots experienced the struggles of a first-year expansion team. They won their very first game, and then their home opener three days later, but only won five times in the first month. Nevertheless, the Pilots managed to stay in reasonable striking distance of.500, the Pilots were only 6 games back of the division lead as late as June 28
19.
Minnesota Twins
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The Minnesota Twins are an American professional baseball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Twins compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League Central division. The team is named after the Twin Cities area comprising Minneapolis and they played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 to 1981 and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 to 2009. They played their game at the newly completed Target Field on April 12,2010. The team was founded in Washington, D. C. in 1901 as one of the eight teams of the American League. Manager Clark Griffith joined the team in 1912 and became the owner in 1920. The franchise remained under Griffith family ownership until 1984, in 1960, Major League Baseball granted the city of Minneapolis an expansion team. Washington owner Calvin Griffith, Clarks nephew and adopted son, requested that he be allowed to move his team to Minneapolis and instead give Washington the expansion team. Upon league approval, the moved to Minnesota after the 1960 season, setting up shop in Metropolitan Stadium. Success came quickly to the team in Minnesota, through the 2016 season, the franchise has won three World Series championships, and has fielded 18 American League batting champions. The Washington Senators spent the first decade of their existence finishing near the bottom of the American League standings and their fortunes began to improve with the arrival of 19-year-old pitcher, Walter Johnson, in 1907. Johnson blossomed in 1911 with 25 victories, although the Senators still finished the season in seventh place, in 1912, the Senators improved dramatically, as their pitching staff led the league in team earned run average and in strikeouts. Johnson won 33 games while teammate Bob Groom added another 24 wins to help the Senators finish the season in second place, the Senators continued to perform respectably in 1913 with Johnson posting a career-high 35 victories, as the team once again finished in second place. The Senators then fell into another period of decline for the next decade, the Senators faced John McGraws heavily favored New York Giants in the 1924 World Series. The two teams traded wins back and forth until the reached the seventh and deciding game. Two runners scored on the play, tying the score at three, an aging Walter Johnson then came in to pitch the ninth inning, and held the Giants scoreless into extra innings. In the bottom of the inning with Ruel at bat, he hit a high. The Giants catcher, Hank Gowdy, dropped his protective mask to field the ball but, failing to toss the mask aside, stumbled over it and dropped the ball, thus giving Ruel another chance to bat
20.
Manager (baseball)
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In baseball, the field manager is an individual who is responsible for matters of team strategy on the field and team leadership. Managers are typically assisted by one and six assistant coaches, whose responsibilities are specialized. A manager is essentially equivalent to the coach in other North American professional sports leagues. How much control a manager takes in a games strategy varies from manager to manager and from game to game. Some managers control pitch selection, defensive positioning, decisions to bunt, steal, pitch out, managers are typically assisted by two or more coaches. Typically, the title of manager is used in professional baseball. In many cases, a manager is a professional, semi-professional or college player. Many current and former managers are former catchers which include Mike Matheny, John Gibbons, Brad Ausmus, Joe Torre, Mike Scioscia, Bruce Bochy, the managers responsibilities normally are limited to in-game decisions, with off-the-field and roster management decisions falling to the teams general manager. The term manager used without qualification almost always refers to the field manager, some owners carried out both GM and field managerial duties themselves. Major League Baseball managers differ from the coaches of most other professional sports in that they dress in the same uniform as the players and are assigned a jersey number. The wearing of a uniform is frequently practiced at other levels of play. The manager may be called skipper or skip informally by his players
21.
Pennant (sports)
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A pennant is a commemorative flag typically used to show support for a particular athletic team. Pennants have been used in all types of athletic levels, high school, collegiate. Traditionally, pennants were made of felt and fashioned in the colors of a particular team. Often graphics, usually the mascot symbol, as well as the name were displayed on pennants. The images displayed on pennants were either stitched on with contrasting colored felt or had screen-printing, today, vintage pennants with rare images or honoring special victories have become prized collectibles for sporting enthusiasts. While pennants are typically associated with teams, pennants have also been made to honor institutions and vacation spots. In Major League Baseball, a pennant typically refers to such a flag flown specifically by the National League or American League championship team of a given season, the last few weeks of the regular American professional baseball season are known as a pennant race. This is a holdover from the time when the championships were determined by the team with the best record at the end of the regular season. In Australian sports, the flag is used in the same context. The pennant is waved around in the crowd to support to the sport team they are cheering for
22.
Double-A (baseball)
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Double-A is the second highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States after Triple-A. There are thirty Double-A teams in three leagues at this classification, Eastern League, Southern League, and the Texas League, the Double-A classification usually hosts developing players that have been part of professional baseball for only a couple of years. These players can get to the Double-A level by earning a promotion from any of the Single-A or Rookie leagues, players often advance directly to the majors from this level, as the level of competition is higher. A small handful of players might be placed in Double-A to start, the step up to the Double-A level can be one of the hardest promotions for such players because it is the level at which pitchers need to have a good off-speed pitch in their repertoire. In addition, it is the level where fastball-only hitters need to learn how to hit off-speed pitches, Major League teams sometimes send players to play at the Double-A level to rehabilitate from injuries. Because players are not moving back and forth from the Major Leagues at this level, fans of Double-A teams have a longer amount of time to get acquainted with the players, which helps create a better relationship between the team and its fans. Unlike the major league and the Triple-A level, two of the three Double-A leagues have their season divided into two parts, the Eastern League being the exception, one team may clinch a spot in the playoffs by winning the division in first half of the season. The teams records are then cleared and another team will also clinch a playoff slot during the second half, wild cards are used to fill out the remaining teams. Usually, four teams qualify for the league playoffs and this system is used at the Class A level as well. On January 15,2015, Major League Baseball announced it will use a 20-second pitch clock during the 2015 Double-A season, Eastern League official website Southern League official website Texas League official website
23.
Triple-A (baseball)
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Triple-A is the highest level of play in Minor League Baseball in the United States and Mexico. Before 2008, Triple-A leagues also fielded teams in Canada, a total of 30 teams play in the Triple-A International League and Pacific Coast League, with 14 teams in the IL and 16 in the PCL. The MLB-independent Mexican League fields 16 teams, interleague play between the International League and Pacific Coast League occurs twice each season. In July, each leagues All-Star team competes in the Triple-A All-Star Game, in September each leagues regular season champions play each other in the Triple-A Baseball National Championship Game to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. The Triple-A classification was created before the 1946 season, prior to then, the top level of the minors had been designated as Double-A since 1912. The modern Double-A classification also dates to 1946, when the former Class A1 level was renamed, Triple-A teams main purpose is to prepare players for the Major Leagues. ESPN wrote in 2010, Winning is nice, but secondary, players on the 40-man roster of a major league team are eligible for promotion to the major league club once the major league roster expands on September 1. For teams in contention for the postseason, these create the flexibility needed to rest regular starters in late regular-season games. For those not in contention, using such players lets the teams evaluate them under game conditions, teams at this level are divided into three leagues, the International League, the Pacific Coast League, and the MLB-independent Mexican League. The Mexican League fields teams throughout Mexico, the International League traditionally fielded teams in the Northeastern United States, and now fields teams in the Midwest and South as well. The Pacific Coast League originally fielded teams on the West Coast, each of the 30 Major League Baseball teams has an affiliation with one Triple-A team in the United States. However, Mexican Triple-A teams are not included in the farm team system. The Triple-A All-Star Game is a game held between the two affiliated Triple-A leagues—the International League and the Pacific Coast League. Each league fields a team composed of the top players in their respective leagues as voted on by fans, the media, the event has taken place every year since 1988 when the first Triple-A All-Star Game was played in Buffalo, New York. Prior to 1998, a team of American League-affiliated Triple-A All-Stars faced off against a team of National League-affiliated Triple-A All-Stars, traditionally, the game has taken place on the day after the mid-summer Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The game is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the season, both Triple-A leagues share a common All-Star break, with no regular-season games scheduled for two days before the All-Star Game itself. Some additional events, such as the All-Star Fan Fest and Triple-A Home Run Derby, take each year close to. It was originally held annually at AT&T Bricktown Ballpark in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, since 2011, the game has been held in a different Triple-A city each year
24.
Coach (baseball)
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In baseball, a number of coaches assist in the smooth functioning of a team. They are assistants to the manager, who determines the lineup, beyond the manager, more than a half dozen coaches may assist the manager in running the team. Baseball is unique in that the manager and coaches typically all wear numbered uniforms similar to those of the players. After the widespread adoption of numbered uniforms in the early 1930s, Joe McCarthy, another Hall of Fame manager, wore a full uniform, coincidentally, all three men retired during or after the same season —1950. Full-time coaches in professional baseball date to 1909, when John McGraw of the New York Giants engaged Arlie Latham, by the 1920s, most Major League teams had two full-time coaches, although the manager often doubled as third-base coach and specialists such as pitching coaches were rare. Batting and bench coaches came into vogue during the 1960s and later, because of the proliferation of uniformed coaches in the modern game, Major League Baseball now restricts the number of uniformed staff to six coaches and one manager during the course of a game. There are 268 coaches in MLB, the first bench coach in baseball was George Huff, who took that helm for the Illinois Fighting Illini baseball in 1905, at the time, it meant a coach present throughout the season. More recently, the coach is a teams second-in-command. The bench coach serves as an advisor to the manager, offering situational advice. If the manager is ejected, suspended, or unable to attend a game for any reason, if the manager is fired or resigns during the season, it is usually the bench coach who gets promoted to interim manager. The bench coachs responsibilities also include helping to set up the practice and stretching routines before a game. A pitching coach mentors and trains teams pitchers and he advises the manager on the condition of pitchers and their arms, and serves as an in-game coach for the pitcher currently on the mound. When a manager makes a visit to the mound, he typically is doing so to make a change or to discuss situational defense. However, to talk about mechanics or how to pitch to a particular batter, the pitching coach is generally a former pitcher. One exception is Dave Duncan, the pitching coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. Prior to the early 1950s, pitching coaches were former catchers. The bullpen coach is similar to a coach, but works primarily with relief pitchers in the bullpen. He does not make mound visits, however, as he stays in the bullpen the entire game, generally, the bullpen coach is either a former pitcher or catcher
25.
George Steinbrenner
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George Michael Steinbrenner III was an American businessman who was the principal owner and managing partner of Major League Baseballs New York Yankees. During Steinbrenners 37-year ownership from 1973 to his death in July 2010, the longest in club history and his outspokenness and role in driving up player salaries made him one of the sports most controversial figures. Steinbrenner was also involved in the Great Lakes and Gulf Coast shipping industry, known as a hands-on baseball executive, Steinbrenner earned the nickname The Boss. He had a tendency to meddle in daily on-field decisions, former Yankees manager Dallas Green gave him the derisive nickname Manager George. He died after suffering an attack in his Tampa home on the morning of July 13,2010. Steinbrenner was born in Rocky River, Ohio, the son of Rita. His mother was an Irish immigrant who had changed her name from OHaley to Haley, the elder Steinbrenner later became a wealthy shipping magnate who ran the family firm operating freight ships hauling ore and grain on the Great Lakes. George III was named after his grandfather, George Michael Steinbrenner II. Steinbrenner had two sisters, Susan and Judy. Steinbrenner entered Culver Military Academy, in Northern Indiana, in 1944 and he received his B. A. from Williams College in 1952. While at Williams, George was a student who led an active extracurricular life. He was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and he joined the United States Air Force after graduation, was commissioned a second lieutenant and was stationed at Lockbourne Air Force Base in Columbus, Ohio. Following honorable discharge in 1954, he did post-graduate study at The Ohio State University and he met his wife-to-be, Elizabeth Joan Zieg, in Columbus, and married her on May 12,1956. The couple had two sons, Hank and Hal, and two daughters, Jessica Steinbrenner and Jennifer Steinbrenner-Swindal, while studying at Ohio State, he served as a graduate assistant to legendary Buckeye football coach Woody Hayes. The Buckeyes were undefeated national champions that year, and won the Rose Bowl, Steinbrenner served as an assistant football coach at Northwestern University in 1955, and at Purdue University from 1956 to 1957. Steinbrenner worked hard to revitalize the company, which was suffering hardship during difficult market conditions. In its return to profitability, Kinsman emphasized grain shipments over ore, a few years later, with the help of a loan from a New York bank, Steinbrenner purchased the company from his family. He later became part of a group purchased the American Shipbuilding Company
26.
Willie Randolph
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Willie Larry Randolph is an American former Major League Baseball second baseman and manager. During an 18-year baseball career, he played from 1975 to 1992 for six different teams and he has joined ESPN as a postseason baseball analyst, beginning in September 2013. He will mainly be on Baseball Tonight, and provide updates during Monday and Wednesday night September network telecasts. At the end of his career, he ranked fifth in major league history in games at second base, ninth in putouts, seventh in assists, eighth in total chances. Upon retiring as a player, he joined the Yankees as a coach for eleven years and he later served as manager of the New York Mets from 2005 to June 2008. Randolph grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Samuel J. Tilden High School and he made his major league debut in 1975, and was, at age 21, the sixth-youngest player in the National League. In December 1975 he was traded by the Pirates with Ken Brett, Randolph spent 13 of his 18 seasons as a player with the Yankees and was co-captain of the Yankees with Ron Guidry from 1986 to 1988. He later played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Oakland Athletics and he was selected to six All-Star teams over his career. As a career number 2 hitter in the order, he use of his skills as bunter. Randolph was also a defensive player, known especially for his ability to turn the double play. He was the Yankees starting second baseman on the 1977 and 1978 World Series Championship teams. In 1980 Randolph led the league in walks and was second in the AL in on-base percentage, eighth in stolen bases and ninth in runs and he also batted.332 leading off the inning, and.340 with men in scoring position. In 1987 he batted.305 and led the league in at bats per strikeout and he also batted.366 in tie games, and.345 in games that were late and close. In December 1988 he signed as an agent with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Randolph led the Dodgers in battling average and hits in 1989, in May 1990 he was traded by the Dodgers to the defending-world champion Oakland Athletics for Stan Javier. Later that year, Randolph and the As won the American League pennant, in April 1991 he signed as a free agent with the Milwaukee Brewers. That year, Randolph was second in the AL on-base percentage and he batted.373 with runners in scoring position. In December 1991 he signed as an agent with the New York Mets
27.
Out (baseball)
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In baseball, an out occurs when the umpire rules a batter or baserunner out. When three outs are recorded in an inning, a half of the inning, or their turn at batting. To signal an out, an umpire makes a fist with one hand. Home plate umpires often use a motion to signal a called third strike. The most common ways batters or runners are put out are by strikeouts, fly outs, tag outs, the ball is dead and no runner may score, nor runners advance, except runners forced to advance. In baseball statistics, each out must be credited to exactly one defensive player, when referring to outs credited to a defensive player, the term putout is used. Example, a batter hits a ball which is fielded by the shortstop. The shortstop then throws the ball to the first baseman, the first baseman then steps on first base before the batter reaches it. For this play, only the first baseman is credited with a putout, for a strikeout, the catcher is credited with a putout, because the batter is not out until the pitched ball is caught by the catcher. When an out is recorded without a direct involvement, such as where a runner is hit by a batted ball. Although pitchers seldom get credited with putouts, they are credited with their role in getting outs through various pitching statistics such as innings pitched and strikeouts. Safe Tie goes to the runner Official rules for batters, including when the batter is out Official rules for runners, including when the runner is out
28.
Dick Howser
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A native of Miami, Florida, Howser grew up in West Palm Beach, Florida, graduated from Palm Beach High School, and attended college at Florida State University. He was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, at Florida State, he received honors twice as an All-American shortstop and set a school record with a batting average of.422 in 1956. Signed by the Kansas City Athletics, he hit.280, stole 37 bases, scored 108 runs, for this he was selected to the 1961 All-Star team, and was named The Sporting News rookie of the year. As his stats declined in the two years, his only other season as a regular was with the Cleveland Indians in 1964. His major league career spanned eight seasons with three clubs – Kansas City Athletics, Cleveland Indians, and New York Yankees, immediately following his playing career, he was the third base coach with the Yankees for ten seasons. He then spent one year as head coach at his alma mater. As a manager at the league level, Howser was highly successful. He made his debut in 1978, managing one game with the Yankees between Billy Martins and Bob Lemons first tours as skipper in the Bronx, Howser was one of the few Yankee managers who refused to let owner George Steinbrenner push him around. Steinbrenner had a rule about hair, which Reggie Jackson would skirt around from time to time in 1980. Howser, thinking it was unimportant with the year Reggie was having, refused to correct Jackson, also, whenever Steinbrenner would call the managers office before or after games while Howser was meeting with coaches or reporters, Howser would pick up the phone, say Im busy. Steinbrenner, however, got the last word, in Game 2 of the 1980 ALCS, Yankee third base coach Mike Ferraro waved Willie Randolph home on a double by Bob Watson with two outs in the top of the eighth inning and the Yankees down 3-2. Randolph was thrown out at the plate on a throw by George Brett, prompting Steinbrenner to jump out of his seat. Steinbrenner wanted Ferraro fired on the spot after the game, the Yankees would go on to lose the ALCS in three games, and Steinbrenner fired Howser shortly after that. In the 2007 ESPN produced mini-series The Bronx Is Burning, Howser was portrayed by actor Max Casella, the next year, Kansas City, his postseason rival on multiple occasions in previous seasons, hired Howser to manage the last 33 games of the strike-shortened 1981 season. Under Howser, the Royals finished second in 1982 and 1983, prior to the 1984 season, their clubhouse ravaged by drug problems, the Royals started disassembling their team and starting over. Kansas City expected 1984 to be a year, but Howser guided the young team to a division title. The Royals were defeated by the Detroit Tigers in the American League Championship Series, the following year, Howser guided the Royals to their first World Series title. The Royals reached the World Series by defeating the Toronto Blue Jays in the American League Championship Series, the Royals then went on to defeat the heavily favored St. Louis Cardinals
29.
Don Zimmer
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Donald William Zimmer was an American infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball. Zimmer was involved in baseball from 1949 until his death. Zimmer signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers as a free agent in 1949. He played in MLB with the Dodgers, Chicago Cubs, New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, shortly thereafter came a stint with the Toei Flyers of Nippon Professional Baseball in 1966. In between, Zimmer saw action in all or parts of 18 minor league seasons spanning 1949–67. Zimmer led his team to the Series title, topping all hitters with a.400 batting average, during a minor league game on July 7,1953, Zimmer was struck by a pitch thrown by pitcher Jim Kirk, causing Zimmer to lose consciousness. He suffered an injury that required surgery. He woke up two weeks later, thinking that it was the day after the game where the incident took place and this led to Major League Baseball adopting batting helmets as a safety measure to be used by players when at-bat. Phil Rizzuto was the first player to use the batting helmets, following his retirement as a player, Zimmer began his coaching career. He served as manager for the Padres, Red Sox, Texas Rangers, Zimmer began his career in 1949 with the Cambridge Dodgers of the Class-D Eastern Shore League. Paul Saints of the Triple-A American Association in 1953 and 1954 and he made his major league debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1954. Zimmers big league career lasted 12 seasons, almost exclusively as a utility infielder, notably, he played for the 1955 World Series champion Brooklyn Dodgers, and with the 1962 New York Mets, who lost a record 120 games. It was later described by Zimmer as probably the best winter league club ever assembled. While with St. Paul in 1953, Zimmer nearly died after being hit in the temple with a pitch and he was not fully conscious for 13 days, during which holes were drilled in his skull to relieve the pressure of swelling. His vision was blurred, he could neither walk nor talk and he was told his career was finished at age 22, fortunately for Zimmer, the prognosis proved incorrect and he made it to the major leagues the following year. Zimmer was beaned again in 1956 when a Cincinnati Reds fastball broke his cheekbone, because of these beanings, it has been widely reported that he had a surgically implanted steel plate in his head. This rumor is false, although the holes drilled in the following the 1953 beanball were later filled with four tantalum metal corkscrew-shaped buttons. In the major leagues, Zimmer remained with the Los Angeles Dodgers after their move west in 1958, in 1960, the Dodgers traded Zimmer to the Chicago Cubs for Johnny Goryl, Ron Perranoski, Lee Handley and $25,000
30.
Joe Altobelli
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Joseph Salvatore Altobelli is an American former player, manager and coach in Major League Baseball. In 1983, he succeeded Hall of Famer Earl Weaver as manager of the Baltimore Orioles and led the team to their sixth American League pennant and their third World Series championship. In 2009, Altobelli ended his involvement in baseball, retiring after over a decade as a color commentator for the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings. Born and raised in Detroit, Altobelli earned All-City recognition in football, basketball and baseball while attending Eastern High School and he married Patsy Ruth Wooten in 1952, they had six children. As a player, Altobelli was a slugging first baseman and outfielder who enjoyed his greatest success at the AAA level and he batted only.210 in 166 games for the Cleveland Indians and Minnesota Twins, with five home runs and 28 runs batted in. However, he was frequently in the double-digits in homers as an AAA player, as a member of the Montreal Royals, he led the 1960 International League in homers and RBI. In between, Altobelli played winter baseball in Venezuela in a span of three seasons and he claimed a batting title with a.378 average for the Gavilanes de Maracaibo champion team in the 1955–56 season, and later posted two solid campaigns with the Oriente and Valencia clubs. In 1966, Altobelli began an 11-year apprenticeship as a manager in the Baltimore farm system, during his tenure, the Red Wings finished first four times. In 1977, Altobelli got his first big league managing job and he then joined the New York Yankees as manager of their AAA farm club, the Columbus Clippers. After another first-place IL finish in 1980, Altobelli became a Yankees coach from 1981 to 1982, working under Gene Michael, Bob Lemon, before the 1983 season, Altobelli was named successor to Weaver after his 14½-season career as Baltimores manager. Altobelli led the Os to 98 wins, the AL East championship, the Orioles then dominated the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1983 World Series, winning in five games. The Orioles fell to fifth in the AL East in 1984, in May 1985, when they continued to tread water at 29–26, Altobelli was let go. Weaver came out of retirement to win 53 of the remaining 105 games and he then returned to Rochester and took over as general manager of the Red Wings in 1991, a position he held for three years. He then served as assistant to the club president until 1997. In 1998 he began serving as commentator for Red Wings home-game broadcasts. In early 2009 he announced his retirement, making 2009 the first year he was out of organized baseball since 1950
31.
Clete Boyer
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Cletis Leroy Clete Boyer was a Major League Baseball player. A third baseman who played shortstop and second base occasionally, Boyer played for the Kansas City Athletics, New York Yankees. Boyer also spent 4 seasons in the Central League in Japanese baseball with the Taiyo Whales, in his 16-year career, Boyer hit 162 home runs with 654 runs batted in and a.242 batting average in 1,725 games played. Boyer was originally scouted by the New York Yankees from high school, Boyer broke into the major leagues in 1955 as a utility infielder at age 18. With no minor league experience, he played a total of 124 games for the Kansas City Athletics from 1955 to 1957, on June 4,1957 the Athletics traded Boyer to the Yankees to complete a deal that had been made prior to the start of the season. On February 19, the Athletics had dealt five players, including pitchers Bobby Shantz and Art Ditmar to the Yankees for seven players, most notably Irv Noren and Billy Hunter. The trade also involved three players to be named later, two going to the Yankees, and one to the Athletics, one of the players to be named was Boyer, succeeding Weiss original intent of making Boyer a Yankee. After joining the Yankees, Boyer spent three seasons in their farm system until he was called up late in 1959 and he became the Yankees regular third baseman in 1960, beating out three others for the starting job. He batted.242 with 14 home runs and 46 RBIs as the Yankees won the pennant, however, he had a humbling moment in the first game of the World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Yankees didn’t score in the inning and lost 6–4, ultimately losing the Series in Game 7 on Bill Mazeroskis home run off Ralph Terry in the bottom of the ninth, Boyer didnt play in the Series again until Game Six. After the Series, the Yankees fired Stengel, Ralph Houk replaced him as manager and restored some of the confidence in Boyer that Stengel had taken away. Whereas Stengel preferred other players at third base over Boyer, Houk saw something special in Boyers defensive prowess, Boyers offensive numbers improved in 1962, career bests in batting average.272, home runs and runs batted in. He also came within nine assists of the base record of 405 set by Harlond Clift of the 1937 St. Louis Browns. Once again, the Yankees won the World Series, this time in seven games over the San Francisco Giants, the Series ended with Bobby Richardson catching Willie McCoveys line drive with runners on second and third. Just a few feet to either side, and Richardson could not have gotten his hands on it, dodger ace Sandy Koufax won the first and fourth games, striking out a series record 15 batters in the opener. Boyer was the only Yankee regular not to strike out against Koufax, after the 1963 season Houk was promoted to general manager and Berra replaced him as field manager. Early on, the 1964 team slumped under Berra, especially Boyer who batted.218 on the season. As Berras managing improved, the team improved with it and won its fifth straight pennant by one game over the Chicago White Sox, the Yankees faced the St. Louis Cardinals in the World Series with Clete playing against his brother Ken
32.
Pat Corrales
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Corrales was a baseball and football star at Fresno High School in Fresno, California and a teammate of future major-league pitchers Jim Maloney and Dick Ellsworth. An offensive guard and linebacker, he was named lineman of the year by the Fresno Bee, after high school, he signed as an amateur free agent with the Phillies in 1959. He made his major league playing debut at age 23 on August 2,1964 with the Phillies and he pinch-hit for pitcher John Boozer in the fifth inning, grounding out against the Los Angeles Dodgers Larry Miller in a 6-1 Phillies loss at Connie Mack Stadium. His first career hit came the year on June 15,1965 in a 12-7 Phillies loss to the Milwaukee Braves at County Stadium when he singled in the eighth inning off Tony Cloninger and later scored. He had one of his best career games the next day when, in a 6-2 Phillies win over the Braves, he started at catcher and went 3-4 with his first major league home run. In a nine-year playing career as a catcher, Corrales played in 300 games with 166 hits, four home runs,54 runs batted in. He appeared in one game of the 1970 World Series for the Reds and batted once, Corrales spent nine years as a major league manager and finished with an overall record of 572–634 with the Texas Rangers, Phillies and Cleveland Indians. Corrales managed in both the National League and American League, and became only the manager to manage in both leagues in the same season. He is the manager ever to be fired while in first place—the Phillies fired him in 1983 when the team had a record of 43–42). Corrales is also the first major league manager of Mexican American descent, after being fired in 1987 as manager of the Indians he has had a long career as a bench coach. Shortly after being fired, he accepted a job as a consultant to the Nationals. He resumed as bench coach in July 2009 after Jim Riggleman was appointed acting manager after Manny Acta was fired, Corrales was once again appointed Nats bench coach in June,2011 by new manager Davey Johnson. Corrales replaced John McLaren, who had been reassigned to scouting duty, on November 5,2012, Corrales was hired by the Los Angeles Dodgers as a special assistant to the General Manager. Pat Corrales was married to the former Sharon Ann Grimes in Sept.24,1960. and had four children Rena, Michelle, Patricia, pats wife Sharon died just hours after giving birth to the couples fourth child in July,1969. She had developed a blood clot in her lung and died seven hours after giving birth, pat married again in 1983 to his current wife Donna. They have one son, Patrick, who was born February 24,1981. Patrick passed away unexpectedly on March 17,2014 and he was inducted as a member of the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame in 1980. Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference Baseball-Reference. com - career managing record and playing statistics
33.
Yogi Berra
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Lawrence Peter Yogi Berra was an American professional baseball catcher, manager, and coach who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball. He was an 18-time All-Star, and won 10 World Series championships as a player—more than any player in MLB history. Berra had a batting average of.285, while hitting 358 home runs and 1,430 runs batted in. He is one of five players to win the American League Most Valuable Player Award three times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest catchers in baseball history, Berra was a native of St. Louis, and signed with the Yankees in 1943 before serving in the U. S. Navy in World War II. He made his debut at age 21 in 1946 and was a mainstay in the Yankees lineup during the teams championship years beginning in 1949. Despite his short stature, Berra was a power hitter and strong defensive catcher and he caught Don Larsens perfect game in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series. After playing 18 seasons with the Yankees, Berra retired following the 1963 season and he spent the next season as their manager, then joined the New York Mets in 1965 as coach. Berra remained with the Mets for the decade, serving the last four years as their manager. He returned to the Yankees in 1976, coaching them for eight seasons and he was one of seven managers to lead both American and National League teams to the World Series. Berra appeared as a player, coach or manager in one of the 13 World Series that New York baseball teams competed in from 1957 through 1981. In all, he appeared in 21 World Series,13 on the winning side, the Yankees retired his uniform number 8 in 1972, in an unusual twist, Bill Dickey also wore number 8, and both catchers had that number retired by the Yankees. The club honored him with a plaque in Monument Park in 1988, Berra was named to the MLB All-Century Team in a vote by fans in 1999. For the remainder of his life, he was involved with the Yogi Berra Museum and Learning Center. Berra quit school after the eighth grade and he was known for his malapropisms as well as pithy and paradoxical statements, such as It aint over til its over, while speaking to reporters. He once simultaneously denied and confirmed his reputation by stating, I really didnt say everything I said, Yogi Berra was born Lorenzo Pietro Berra in a primarily Italian neighborhood of St. Louis called The Hill to Italian immigrants Pietro and Paolina Berra. Pietro was originally from Malvaglio near Milan in northern Italy, he arrived at Ellis Island on October 18,1909 at the age of 23, in a 2005 interview for the Baseball Hall of Fame, Yogi said, My father came over first. He came from the old country, and he didnt know what baseball was
