Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during the presidential election of 2004, preceded by the cabinet of Mikhail Kasyanov, who had been dismissed by President Vladimir Putin on February 24, 2004, and followed by Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet immediately after Vladimir Putin's second inauguration.

Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during most of Vladimir Putin's first presidential term. It followed Vladimir Putin's Cabinet after Vladimir Putin became President of Russia and was replaced with Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet shortly before the presidential election of 2004. It was led by Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, proposed by President Vladimir Putin after his inauguration on May 7 and approved by the State Duma and appointed Prime Minister by the President on May 17, 2000. Prior to this, Kasyanov was the Finance Minister in Vladimir Putin's Cabinet, and as Putin was promoted to acting President on December 31, 1999, de facto had led his cabinet since January 10, when he was appointed also First Deputy Prime Minister. Other 28 ministers were appointed by the President on May 18–20. Only six of them were new to the government: Gennady Bukaev, Alexander Dondukov, Alexander Gavrin, German Gref, Alexey Kudrin and Igor Shuvalov.