Mile run

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For the tributary stream, see Mile Run (New Jersey).

Gunder Hägg (right) defeats Arne Andersson with a world record for the mile of 4:06.2 min in Gothenburg in 1942.

The mile run (1,760 yards[1] or exactly 1,609.344 metres) is a middle-distance foot race.

The history of the mile run event began in England, where it was used as a distance for gambling races. It survived track and field's switch to metric distances in the 1900s and retained its popularity, with the chase for the four-minute mile in the 1950s a high point for the race.

In spite of the roughly equivalent 1500 metres race, the mile run is present in all fields of athletics and it remains the only imperial distance for which the IAAF records an official world record. Although the mile does not feature at any major championship competition, the Wanamaker Mile, Dream Mile, and Bowerman Mile races are among the foremost annual middle-distance races indoors and outdoors, respectively.

The current mile world record holders are Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj with 3:43.13 and Svetlana Masterkova of Russia with the women's record of 4:12.56.

History[edit]

The distance of the English mile gained its current definition of 1,760 yards through a statute of the Parliament of England in 1593.[2] Thus, the history of the mile run began in England and it initially found usage within the wagered running contests of the 18th and 19th century. Such contests would attract large numbers of spectators and gamblers – so many that the activity became a professional one for its more-established participants.[3]

The mile run was at the heart of the divide between professional and amateur sports in the late 19th century. Separate world record categories were kept for amateurs and professionals, with professional runners providing the faster times. High-profile contests between Britons William Cummings and Walter George brought much publicity to the sport, as did George's races against the American Lon Myers. The mile run was also one of the foremost events at the amateur AAA Championships.[3] The categories remained distinct but the respective rise in amateurism and decline of the professional sector saw the division become irrelevant in the 20th century.[4]

A statue commemorating Roger Bannister and John Landy's Miracle Mile in 1954.

The mile run continued to be a popular distance in spite of the metrication of track and field and athletics in general. It was the 1500 metres – sometimes referred to as the metric mile – which was featured on the Olympic athletics programme. The International Amateur Athletics Federation formed in 1912 and ratified the first officially recognised world record in the mile the following year (4:14.4 minutes run by John Paul Jones).[5] The fact that the mile run was the only imperial distance to retain its official world record status after 1970 reflects its continued popularity in the international (and principally metric) era.[6]

The top men's middle distance runners continued to compete in the mile run in the first half of the 1900s – Paavo Nurmi, Jack Lovelock and Sydney Wooderson were all world record holders over the distance.[5] In the 1940s, Swedish runners Gunder Hägg and Arne Andersson pushed times into a new territory, as they set three world records each during their rivalry over the decade.[7] The act of completing a sub-four-minute mile sparked further interest in the distance in the 1950s. Englishman Roger Bannister became the first person to achieve the feat in May 1954 and his effort, conducted with the help of Chris Brasher and Chris Chataway, was a key moment in the rise of the use of pacemakers at the top level of the sport – an aspect which is now commonplace at non-championship middle and long-distance races.[8][9]

Augustine Choge running the Dream Mile in Oslo in 2008.

The 1960s saw American Jim Ryun set world records near the 3:50-minute mark and his achievements popularised interval workout techniques.[7] From this period onwards, African runners began to emerge, breaking the largely white, Western dominance of the distance. Kenya's Kip Keino won the mile at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (which was among the last mile races to be held at a major multi-sport event).[10] Filbert Bayi of Tanzania became Africa's first world record holder over the distance in 1975, although New Zealander John Walker broke the record further a few months later to become the first man under 3:50 minutes for the event. The 1980s was highlighted by the rivalry between British runners Sebastian Coe and Steve Ovett, who improved the record five times between them, including two records at the Oslo Dream Mile race. Noureddine Morceli brought the mile record back into African hands in 1993 and Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj set the current record of 3:43.13, which has stood since 1999.[5]

Mile run contests remain a key feature of many annual track and field meetings, with long-running series such as the Wanamaker Mile at the Millrose Games, Dream Mile at the Bislett Games, the British Emsley Carr Mile, and the Bowerman Mile at the Prefontaine Classic being among the most prominent. Aside from track races, mile races are also occasionally contested in cross country running and mile runs on the road include the Fifth Avenue Mile in New York City

Records[edit]

See also: Mile run world record progression
Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj (left) is the world record holder indoors and out.

Outdoor[edit]

Area Men's Women's
Time Athlete Time Athlete
World 3:43.13  Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 4:12.56  Svetlana Masterkova (RUS)
Continental records
Africa 3:43.13  Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 4:16.71  Faith Kipyegon (KEN)
Asia 3:47.97  Daham Najim Bashir (QAT) 4:17.75  Maryam Yusuf Jamal (BHR)
Europe 3:46.32  Steve Cram (GBR) 4:12.56  Svetlana Masterkova (RUS)
North, Central America
and Caribbean		 3:46.91  Alan Webb (USA) 4:16.71  Mary Slaney (USA)
Oceania 3:48.98  Craig Mottram (AUS) 4:21.40  Linden Hall (AUS)
South America 3:51.05  Hudson de Souza (BRA) 4:30.05  Soraya Vieira Telles (BRA)

Indoor[edit]

Area Men's Women's
Time Athlete Time Athlete
World 3:48.45  Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 4:13.31  Genzebe Dibaba (ETH)
Continental records
Africa 3:48.45  Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) 4:13.31  Genzebe Dibaba (ETH)
Asia 3:57.05  Mohamed Suleiman (QAT) 4:24.71  Maryam Yusuf Jamal (BHR)
Europe 3:49.78  Eamonn Coghlan (IRL) 4:17.14  Doina Melinte (ROM)
North, Central America
and Caribbean		 3:49.89  Bernard Lagat (USA) 4:20.5  Mary Slaney (USA)
Oceania 3:51.46  Nick Willis (NZL) 4:24.14  Kim Smith (NZL)
South America 3:56.26  Hudson de Souza (BRA) 4:42.24  Valentina Medina (VEN)
  • Updated 12 June 2011.[11]

All-time top 25[edit]

Steve Cram's former world record set in 1985 still makes him the fourth fastest ever.

Men[edit]

  • Correct as of September 2018.[12]
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 3:43.13 Hicham El Guerrouj  Morocco 7 July 1999 Golden Gala
2 3:43.40 Noah Ngeny  Kenya
3 3:44.39 Noureddine Morceli  Algeria 5 September 1993 Rieti Meeting
4 3:46.32 Steve Cram  Great Britain 27 July 1985 Bislett Games
5 3:46.38 Daniel Komen  Kenya 28 August 1998 ISTAF Berlin
6 3:46.70 Vénuste Niyongabo  Burundi
7 3:46.76 Saïd Aouita  Morocco 2 July 1987 Helsinki
8 3:46.91 Alan Webb  United States 21 July 2007 Brasschaat
9 3:47.28 Bernard Lagat  Kenya 29 June 2001 Golden Gala
10 3:47.32 Ayanleh Souleiman  Djibouti 31 May 2014 Eugene [13]
11 3:47.33 Sebastian Coe  Great Britain 28 August 1981 Brussels
12 3:47.65 Laban Rotich  Kenya 4 July 1997 Oslo
13 3:47.69 Steve Scott  United States 7 July 1982 Oslo
14 3:47.79 José Luis González  Spain 27 July 1985 Oslo
15 3:47.88 John Kibowen  Kenya 4 July 1997 Oslo
3:47.88 Silas Kiplagat  Kenya 31 May 2014 Eugene
17 3:47.94 William Chirchir  Kenya 28 July 2000 Oslo
18 3:47.97 Dahame Najem Bashir  Qatar 29 July 2005 Oslo
19 3:48.17 Paul Korir  Kenya 8 August 2003 London
20 3:48.23 Ali Saidi-Sief  Algeria 13 July 2001 Oslo
21 3:48.28 Daniel Kipchirchir Komen  Kenya 10 June 2007 Eugene
22 3:48.38 Andrés Manuel Díaz  Spain 29 June 2001 Rome
23 3:48.40 Steve Ovett  Great Britain 26 August 1981 Koblenz
William Kemei  Kenya 21 August 1992 Berlin
25 3:48.50 Asbel Kiprop  Kenya 7 June 2009 Eugene

Notes[edit]

Below is a list of all other times superior to 3:45.00:

Women[edit]

  • Correct as of July 2018.[14]
Ireland's Sonia O'Sullivan is the 11th fastest woman over the mile.
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 4:12.56 Svetlana Masterkova  Russia 14 August 1996 Zürich
2 4:13.31 i Genzebe Dibaba  Ethiopia 17 February 2016 Stockholm (indoors) [15]
3 4:14.71 Sifan Hassan  Netherlands 22 July 2018 London [16]
4 4:15.61 Paula Ivan  Romania 10 July 1989 Nice
5 4:15.8 Natalya Artyomova  Soviet Union 5 August 1984 Leningrad
6 4:16.14 Gudaf Tsegay  Ethiopia 22 July 2018 London [17]
7 4:16.15 Hellen Obiri  Kenya 22 July 2018 London [18]
8 4:16.71 Mary Slaney  United States 21 August 1985 Zürich
4:16.71 Faith Kipyegon  Kenya 11 September 2015 Brussels [19]
10 4:17.14 i Doina Melinte  Romania 9 February 1990 East Rutherford (indoors)
11 4:17.25 Sonia O'Sullivan  Ireland 22 July 1994 Oslo
12 4:17.30 Jenny Simpson  United States 22 July 2018 London [20]
13 4:17.33 Maricica Puica  Romania 21 August 1985 Zürich
14 4:17.57 Zola Budd  Great Britain 21 August 1985 Zürich
15 4:17.75 Maryam Yusuf Jamal  Bahrain 14 September 2007 Brussels
16 4:18.03 Laura Muir  Great Britain 9 July 2017 London [21]
17 4:18.23 Gelete Burka  Ethiopia 7 September 2008 Rieti Meeting
18 4:19.30 Gabriela Szabo  Romania 1 July 1998 Bellinzona
19 4:19.41 Kirsty McDermott  Great Britain 27 July 1985 Oslo
20 4:19.55 Winny Chebet  Kenya 9 July 2017 London [22]
21 4:19.58 Angelika Cichocka  Poland 9 July 2017 London [23]
22 4:20.23 Gulnara Galkina  Russia 29 June 2007 Moscow
23 4:20.34 Shannon Rowbury  United States 7 September 2008 Rieti
24 4:20.35 Lisa Dobriskey  Great Britain 7 September 2008 Rieti
25 4:20.49 Laura Weightman  Great Britain 22 July 2018 London [24]

Notes[edit]

Below is a list of other times superior to 4:20.00:

All-time top 10, indoor[edit]

Men indoor[edit]

  • Correct as of February 2018.[25]
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 3:48.45 Hicham El Guerrouj  Morocco 12 February 1997 Indoor Flanders Meeting
2 3:49.44 Edward Cheserek  Kenya 9 February 2018 David Hemery Valentine Invitational [26]
3 3:49.78 Eamonn Coghlan  Ireland 27 February 1983 Meadowlands Arena
4 3:49.89 Bernard Lagat  United States 11 February 2005 Randal Tyson Track Center
5 3:50.63 Matthew Centrowitz Jr.  United States 20 February 2016 Millrose Games
6 3:50.70 Noureddine Morceli  Algeria 20 February 1993 Arena Birmingham
7 3:50.92 Galen Rupp  United States 26 January 2013 Boston University Track and Tennis Center
8 3:50.94 Marcus O'Sullivan  Ireland 13 February 1988 Meadowlands Arena
9 3:51.06 Nick Willis  New Zealand 20 February 2016 Millrose Games
10 3:51.20 Ray Flynn  Ireland 27 February 1983 Meadowlands Arena

Women indoor[edit]

  • Correct as of February 2018.[27]
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 4:13.31 Genzebe Dibaba  Ethiopia 17 February 2016 Globen Galan
2 4:17.14 Doina Melinte  Romania 9 February 1990 Meadowlands Arena
3 4:18.99 Paula Ivan  Romania 10 February 1989 Meadowlands Arena
4 4:19.89 Sifan Hassan  Netherlands 11 February 2017 Millrose Games
5 4:20.5 Mary Decker-Tabb  United States 19 February 1982 San Diego Sports Arena
6 4:21.79 Regina Jacobs  United States 8 January 2000 New Balance Mile Challenge
7 4:22.66 Shannon Rowbury  United States 31 January 2015 Wake Forest Invitational
8 4:22.93 Kate Grace  United States 11 February 2017 Millrose Games
9 4:23.00 Carla Sacramento  Portugal 24 February 2002 Meeting Pas de Calais
10 4:23.19 Gabriela Szabo  Romania 4 February 2001 Sparkassen Cup

Youth age records[edit]

Key:    Incomplete information

Boys[edit]

Age Time Athlete Nation Birthdate Date Location Ref
5 6:33.3 Daniel Skandera  United States 2 November 2007 23 July 2013 Santa Rosa
6 5:44.4 Daniel Skandera  United States 2 November 2007 5 August 2014 Santa Rosa
7 5:20.3 Daniel Skandera  United States 2 November 2007 9 June 2015 Santa Rosa
8 5:12.1 Daniel Skandera  United States 2 November 2007 9 August 2016 Santa Rosa
9 5:02.5 Daniel Skandera  United States 2 November 2007 27 June 2017 Santa Rosa
10 5:01.55 Jonah Gorevic  United States 21 August 2003 14 June 2014 New York
11 4:51.85 Jonah Gorevic  United States 21 August 2003 13 June 2015 New York [28]
12 4:36.80 Jeremy Kain  United States 18 August 2004 13 July 2017 Los Gatos, California
13 4:29.0 Andrew Barnett  United Kingdom 22 June 1955 1 June 1969 London
14 4:19.73 Ryan Silva  United States 27 June 1995 12 June 2010 Portland
15 4:08.8 Jim Arriola  United States 10 June 1958 22 April 1972 Long Beach
16 3:56.29 Jakob Ingebrigtsen  Norway 19 September 2000 15 June 2017 Oslo [29]
3:54.63 Victor Torres  United States 19 April 1989 14 June 2005 New York
17 3:50.90 Hamza Driouch  Qatar 16 November 1994 7 June 2012 Oslo [30]
18 3:49.77 Caleb Ndiku  Kenya 9 October 1992 4 June 2011 Eugene [31]
19 3:49.29 William Biwott Tanui  Kenya 5 March 1990 3 July 2009 Oslo [32]

Girls[edit]

Age Time Athlete Nation Birthdate Date Location Ref
7 6:05.1 Kristina Wilson  United States 5 December 1963 5 June 1971
8 5:59.1 Anne Berry  United States 23 August 1963 30 July 1972
9 5:32.2 Renee Quigley  United States 28 December 1960 6 December 1970
10
5:17.1 Renee Quigley  United States 28 December 1960 23 October 1971
5:14.7 Sandra Beach  United States 25 March 1973
11
5:07.8 Sydney Tullai  United States 1 February 1999 22 January 2011 Downey
5:00.1 Davida Jackson  United States 12 June 1977
12
4:57.51i Claudia Francis  United States 14 November 1993 12 March 2006 New York
4:54.4 Carol Lantry  United States 1964 22 May 1976
13 4:48.8 Katharina Denz   Switzerland 9 September 1963 12 June 1977 Los Angeles
14 4:40.1 i Mary Decker  United States 4 August 1958 16 March 1973 Richmond
15 4:36.0 Gunvor Hilde  Norway 13 November 1963 14 September 1979 London
16 4:28.25i Mary Cain  United States 3 May 1996 16 February 2013 New York
17 4:24.11i Mary Cain  United States 3 May 1996 24 January 2014 Boston
18 4:24.10i Kalkidan Gezahegne  Ethiopia 8 May 1991 20 February 2010 Birmingham
19 4:17.57 Zola Budd  United Kingdom 26 May 1966 21 August 1985 Zurich

Season's bests[edit]

  • "i" indicates performance on 200m indoor track

References[edit]

  1. ^ It has always been customary to give horizontal distances in yards and vertical distances in feet
  2. ^ Mile (unit of measurement). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  3. ^ a b Bryant, John (2005). 3:59.4: The Quest to Break the 4 Minute Mile. Random House. ISBN 9780099469087.
  4. ^ McMillan, Ken. "Classic weekend notebook: Running for a good cause". Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  5. ^ a b c 12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. (p. 546, 549–50). IAAF. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  6. ^ World Outdoor Records. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  7. ^ a b Mile - Introduction. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  8. ^ 1954: Bannister breaks four-minute mile. BBC On This Day. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  9. ^ Butcher, Pat (4 May 2004). Completely off pace. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2011-06-12.
  10. ^ Commonwealth Games Medallists - Men. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  11. ^ One Mile Records. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 June 2011.
  12. ^ "World Records". International Association of Athletics Federations. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  13. ^ "Bowerman Mile Results" (PDF). www.diamondleague-eugene.com. 31 May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  14. ^ "All-time women's best Mile run". alltime-athletics.com. 9 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  15. ^ Mike Rowbottom (17 February 2016). "Dibaba and Souleiman break world indoor records in Stockholm". IAAF. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  16. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  18. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  19. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  20. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  21. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  22. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  24. ^ "Mile Run Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  25. ^ "All-time men's best Mile Run indoor". IAAF. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  26. ^ "Mile Run Invitational Results". lancertiming.com. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  27. ^ https://www.iaaf.org/records/all-time-toplists/middlelong/one-mile/indoor/women/senior?regionType=world&page=1&bestResultsOnly=true&oversizedTrack=regular&firstDay=1899-12-31&lastDay=2018-02-09
  28. ^ "11-year old Jonah Gorevic runs sub-five minute mile at world record speed". 26 June 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  29. ^ "Dream Miles results" (PDF). 15 June 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  30. ^ "2012 Bislett Games--Oslo Diamond League". Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  31. ^ "2011 Prefontaine Classic Results". Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  32. ^ "Search Mile History – Mile History". Retrieved 14 November 2016.

External links[edit]

  1. ^ McMillan, Ken. "Classic weekend notebook: Running for a good cause". recordonline.com. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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