1.
Radio masts and towers
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Radio masts and towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two types, guyed and self supporting structures. They are among the tallest man-made structures, masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them. In the case of a mast radiator or radiating tower, the whole mast or tower is itself the transmitting antenna, the terms mast and tower are often used interchangeably. However, in engineering terms, a tower is a self-supporting or cantilevered structure. Broadcast engineers in the UK use the same terminology, in US broadcast engineering, a tower is an antenna structure attached to the ground, whereas a mast is a vertical antenna support mounted on some other structure. Masts tend to be cheaper to build but require an extended area surrounding them to accommodate the guy wires, Towers are more commonly used in cities where land is in short supply. There are a few designs that are partly free-standing and partly guyed, called additionally guyed towers. For example, The Gerbrandy tower consists of a tower with a guyed mast on top. The few remaining Blaw-Knox towers do the opposite, they have a lower section surmounted by a freestanding part. Until August 8,1991, the Warsaw radio mast was the worlds tallest supported structure on land, there are over 50 radio structures in the United States that are 600 m or taller. The steel lattice is the most widespread form of construction and it provides great strength, low weight and wind resistance, and economy in the use of materials. Lattices of triangular cross-section are most common, and square lattices are also widely used, guyed masts are often used, the supporting guy lines carry lateral forces such as wind loads, allowing the mast to be very narrow and simply constructed. When built as a tower, the structure may be parallel-sided or taper over part or all of its height, when constructed of several sections which taper exponentially with height, in the manner of the Eiffel Tower, the tower is said to be an Eiffelized one. The Crystal Palace tower in London is an example, guyed masts are sometimes also constructed out of steel tubes. This construction type has the advantage that cables and other components can be protected from weather inside the tube and these masts are mainly used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, but sometimes also as mast radiator. The big mast of Mühlacker transmitting station is an example of this. A disadvantage of this mast type is that it is more affected by winds than masts with open bodies
2.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
3.
ABS-CBN
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ABS-CBN Corporation, commonly known as ABS-CBN, is a Filipino media and entertainment group based in Quezon City. It is the Philippines largest entertainment and media conglomerate in terms of revenue, operating income, net income, assets, equity, market capitalization, ABS-CBN was formed by the merger of Alto Broadcasting System and Chronicle Broadcasting Network. It was first founded in 1946 by Jewish American electronics engineer James Lindenberg, BEC would in turn become Alto Broadcasting System or ABS. Chronicle Broadcasting Network, on the hand, was founded in 1952 by newspaper mogul Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. The two companies were merged and incorporated as ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation on February 1,1967, shortened to simply ABS-CBN Corporation in 2010 to reflect the companys diversification, the common shares of ABS-CBN was first traded on the Philippine Stock Exchange in July 1992 under the ticker symbol ABS. The group owns and operates the ABS-CBN and ABS-CBN Sports+Action national television networks as well as the Radyo Patrol, the remaining revenue is generated from consumer sales, mainly from ABS-CBN Global Ltd. which runs The Filipino Channel and from pay TV and broadband internet provider Sky. Among the pay TV networks and channels under the ABS-CBN group are ABS-CBN News Channel, Cinema One, Myx, the nucleus of ABS-CBN Corporation began in 1946 with Bolinao Electronics Corporation. BEC was established by James Lindenberg, one of the fathers of Philippine television. At that time, the largest media company was Manila Broadcasting, in 1949, James Lindenberg shifted Bolinao to radio broadcasting with DZBC and masterminded the introduction of television to the country in 1953. In 1951, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then Philippine President Elpidio Quirino, in 1952, BEC was renamed as Alto Broadcasting System or ABS. Alto was a contraction of Quirino’s and his wife’s first names, Tony, though they had little money and resources, ABS was able to put up its TV tower by July 1953 and import some 300 television sets. The initial test broadcasts began on September of the same year, the very first full-blown broadcast, however, was on October 23,1953, of a party in Tony Quirinos home. The television station was known as DZAQ-TV, in turn, on September 24,1956, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network was organized. The network was owned by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and the then Philippine Vice President Fernando Lopez, the following year, Don Eugenio acquired ABS from Quirino and Lindenberg. However, it was only on February 1,1967 that the name was changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation to reflect the merger. In the late 1950s, Don Eugenios son, Geny Lopez saw the potential of TV and radio to reach, ABS also made breakthroughs in the TV industry by achieving the countrys first color TV broadcast, first satellite feed, and first use of videotape, among others. It was also pioneering in marathon election coverage in 1967 when the TV & radio stations of the network aired election updates for 36 hours sharp - making it a national first. On June 15,1961, Eugenio Lopez, Jr. built the first provincial TV station in Cebu airing 4 hours with the tallest tower measuring 216 feet, within weeks, another TV station in Dagupan opened its doors followed by the first broadcasts in Negros Island in 1963
4.
Martial law in the Philippines
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Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or in cases of major natural disasters, however most countries use a different legal construct like state of emergency. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunals, Bonifacio planned to capture El Polvorin, the San Jose del Monte powder magazine along with El Depósito, a water station supplying Manila. The defending Spaniards were outnumbered, but fought the rebels until reinforcements arrived, once reinforced, the Spaniards drove Bonifacios forces back with heavy casualties. Elsewhere rebels attacked Mandaluyong, Sampaloc, Santa Ana, Pandacan, Pateros, Marikina, balintawak in Caloocan saw intense fighting. Rebel troops tended to gravitate towards fighting in San Juan del Monte, South of Manila, a thousand-strong rebel force attacked a small force of civil guards. In Pandacan Katipuneros attacked the church, making the parish priest run for his life. After their defeat in San Juan del Monte, Bonifacios troops regrouped near Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban and they captured these areas but were driven back by Spanish counterattacks, and Bonifacio eventually ordered a retreat to Balara. On the way, Bonifacio was nearly killed shielding Emilio Jacinto from a Spanish bullet that grazed his collar, despite his reverses, Bonifacio was not completely defeated and was still considered a threat. North of Manila, the towns of San Francisco de Malabon, Noveleta, in Nueva Ecija rebels in San Isidro led by Ivan Pilien attacked the Spanish garrison on September 2–4, they were repulsed. These provinces were Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and these would later be represented in the eight rays of the Sun in the Philippine flag. He was encouraged to return by the Americans, who saw in him as an opportunity in their war against Spain. After five days, on May 23, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation in which he assumed command of all Philippine military forces, on 12 June, at Aguinaldos ancestral home in Cavite, Philippine independence was proclaimed and The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence was read. The act had been prepared and written in Spanish by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, on 18 June, Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government. On 23 June another decree signed by Aguinaldo was issued, replacing the Dictatorial Government with a Revolutionary Government, President José P. Laurel of the wartime Second Philippine Republic placed the Philippines under martial law in 1944 through Proclamation No. Martial law came into effect on September 22,1944, Proclamation No.30 was issued the next day, declaring the existence of a state of war between the Philippines and the US and Great Britain. This took effect on September 23,1944, around 1970, student activism was raging and many student activists joined the ranks of the communists. KM members protested in front of Congress, throwing a coffin, a stuffed alligator, in front of the US embassy, protesters vandalized, arsoned and damaged the embassy lobby resulting to a strong protest from the U. S. Ambassador. The KM protests ranged from 50,000 to 100,000 in number per weekly mass action, in the aftermath of the January 1970 riots, at least two activists were confirmed dead and several were injured by the police
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center
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The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines is the oldest headquarters of ABS-CBN. It occupies an area of approximately 34,000 square meters adjacent to ELJ Communications Center and it was originally built in 1968 and was then the most advanced broadcast facility in Asia. Today it is now the countrys largest and most technologically advanced media facility, the broadcasting center, conceptualized by ABS-CBNs then-President Eugenio Lopez Jr. was constructed on December 18,1968 and was opened on March 21,1969. With the opening, ABS-CBNs radio and TV operations were housed in one building, when it was opened, it was the most advanced TV broadcasting facility in Asia. ABS-CBN mentioned that before Martial Law, it was once the ground of TV electronics engineers from other countries. The new TV transmitter tower known as the Millennium Transmitter in the complex would begin beaming Channel 2, on September 22,1972, ABS-CBN was shut down after then-President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. All of its properties, which included the Broadcast Center, were seized from the network, the facility was not to be used again at least until RPN, whose first facility given by ABS-CBN was destroyed by a fire, took over the facility in 1973. It also became the new home of IBC, and two newly formed networks, BBC which took Channel 2 and GTV which took Channel 4, the facility was also renamed as the Broadcast Plaza. RPN, IBC, BBC, and GTV were all owned by Roberto Benedicto, Benedicto owned the facility without any compensation. In 1986, the complex was stormed by rebel soldiers that attacked. Channel 4 then went back on the air to serve the people, after Marcos was deposed, MBS became PTV. The same year, RPN, IBC, and BBC were sequestered by the government from Benedicto, BBC was dissolved and its frequencies were given to ABS-CBN, which was turned back to the Lopezes and was relaunched on September 14,1986. Channel 4 remained with PTV, while Channel 2 of the former BBC was given back to ABS-CBN, at that time, the facility was dilapidated. The network did get back the facility but it occupied a small portion of the facility as PTV took the rest of the space. In just two years after reopening, ABS-CBN would soon regain ratings leadership and propel itself back to financial stability, in the same year, a fire hit one of the studios in the compound, injuring a few people and slightly damaging the broadcast equipment. It was also the site of a military coup in 1989 that attempted to overthrow the then current Aquino government. DZMM, ABS-CBNs flagship AM radio station, soon moved to the Broadcast Center in 1987, along with DWRR, prior to this, DZMM was once housed at the Chronicle Building in Ortigas Center. After six years in 1992, ABS-CBN finally regained control of the facility after PTV moved out of the complex for a new broadcasting complex
7.
Quezon City
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Quezon City is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it with the intention to replace Manila as the national capital. The city actually held title for 28 years starting 1948 up to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province and it is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area. Quezon City also hosts the University of the Philippines Diliman–the national university–and Ateneo de Manila University, the Quezon Memorial Circle is a national park and shrine located in Quezon City. The park is an ellipse bounded by the Elliptical Road and its main feature is a mausoleum containing the remains of Manuel L. Quezon, the second President of the Philippines, and his wife, First Lady Aurora Quezon. Before Quezon City was created, its land was settled by the individual towns of San Francisco del Monte, Novaliches. On August 23,1896, the Katipunan led by its Supremo Andrés Bonifacio, in the early 20th century, President Manuel L. Quezon dreamt of a city that would become the future capital of the country to replace Manila. It is believed that his trip to Mexico influenced his vision. In 1938, President Quezon created the Peoples Homesite Corporation and purchased 15.29 km2 from the vast Diliman Estate of the Tuason family, successfully lobbied the assembly to name the city after the incumbent president. President Quezon allowed the bill to lapse into law without his signature on October 12,1939, instead of opposing it, Caloocan residents willingly gave land to Quezon City in the belief it will benefit the countrys new capital. During the Second World War, Imperial Japanese forces occupied Quezon City in 1942 and this caused the territorial division of Caloocan into two non-contiguous parts, the South section being the more urbanized part, and the North half being sub-rural. On June 16,1950, the Quezon City Charter was revised by Republic Act No,537, changing the citys boundaries to an area of 153.59 km2. Exactly six years after on June 16,1956, more revisions to the land area were made by Republic Act No. 1575, which defined its area as 151.06 km2.33 km2, on October 1,1975, Quezon City was the actual site of the Thrilla in Manila boxing fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. On November 7,1975 the promulgation of Presidential Decree No.824 of President Ferdinand Marcos established Metro Manila, Quezon City became one of Metro Manilas 17 cities and municipalities. The next year, Presidential Decree No.940 transferred the capital back to Manila on June 24,1976, on March 31,1978, President Marcos ordered the transfer of the remains of President Quezon from Manila North Cemetery to the completed Quezon Memorial Monument within Elliptical Road. On February 22,1986, the Quezon City portion of the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue became the venue of the bloodless People Power Revolution that overthrew Marcos, on February 23,1998, Republic Act
8.
Color
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Color or colour is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, yellow, purple, or blue. This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them and this reflection is governed by the objects physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc. By defining a color space, colors can be identified numerically by coordinates, there may also be more than three color dimensions in other color spaces, such as in the CMYK color model, wherein one of the dimensions relates to a colours colorfulness). The photo-receptivity of the eyes of species also varies considerably from our own. Honeybees and bumblebees for instance have trichromatic color vision sensitive to ultraviolet but is insensitive to red, papilio butterflies possess six types of photoreceptors and may have pentachromatic vision. The most complex color vision system in the kingdom has been found in stomatopods with up to 12 spectral receptor types thought to work as multiple dichromatic units. The science of color is sometimes called chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science and it includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength and its intensity, when the wavelength is within the visible spectrum, it is known as visible light. Most light sources emit light at different wavelengths, a sources spectrum is a distribution giving its intensity at each wavelength. Although the spectrum of light arriving at the eye from a given direction determines the color sensation in that direction, in each such class the members are called metamers of the color in question. The table at right shows approximate frequencies and wavelengths for various pure spectral colors, the wavelengths listed are as measured in air or vacuum. A common list identifies six main bands, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, Newtons conception included a seventh color, indigo, between blue and violet. It is possible that what Newton referred to as blue is nearer to what today is known as cyan, the color of an object depends on both the physics of the object in its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain. Some objects not only light, but also transmit light or emit light themselves. This effect is known as color constancy, opaque objects that do not reflect specularly have their color determined by which wavelengths of light they scatter strongly. If objects scatter all wavelengths with roughly equal strength, they appear white, if they absorb all wavelengths, they appear black. Opaque objects that reflect light of different wavelengths with different efficiencies look like mirrors tinted with colors determined by those differences
9.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
10.
People Power Revolution
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The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25,1986. There was a campaign of civil resistance against regime violence. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos and it is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. The majority of the demonstrations took place on a stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym EDSA. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of governance by Marcos. Corazon Aquino was proclaimed as the President of the Philippines after the revolution, some authors praised Marcos decision not to attack the protesters and to voluntarily leave the country for preventing a bloody civil war. Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected president in 1965, defeating incumbent Diosdado Macapagal by a margin of 52 to 43 percent, during this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they built more roads than all his predecessors combined, Marcos second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal Party of widespread graft and corruption. On September 23,1972, citing more than 15 bombing incidents, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum in 1973 though the referendum was marred by controversy. The referendum had the results, As Marcos was barred from running for a third term as president in 1973. Rigoberto Tiglao, former secretary and a former communist incarcerated during the martial law, argued that the liberal. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary, the constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite. Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos government, Marcos also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. In his undelivered speech upon his return from the US on August 21,1983, Aquino said, I am not a communist, never was and never will be. In 1978, while still in prison, Aquino founded his political party, despite warnings from the military and other pro-Marcos groups, Ninoy Aquino was determined to return to the Philippines. Asked what he thought of the threats, Ninoy Aquino responded, “The Filipino is worth dying for. ”At that time, Ninoys passport had expired. The passport carried the alias Marcial Bonifacio, Aquino became allies with Rashid Lucman as he supported the Muslim rebellion in Mindanao against the government. On August 21,1983, after an exile in the United States
11.
ELJ Communications Center
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The Eugenio Lopez Junior Communications Center is the corporate headquarters of ABS-CBN and its subsidiaries. The center has a floor area of 101,608.32 square meters, almost seventy thousand square meters of office space. The construction of the began in 1998 and was opened in 2000 for a cost of 6 billion pesos. It is named in honor of the late Eugenio Lopez, Jr. the chairman emeritus of ABS-CBN, the dedication of the building was held on November 4,2010 in a ceremony that was attended by the then-Philippine President Benigno Aquino III. The offices of ELJ Communications Center are composed of two interconnecting building structures and these are the four thousand square meter, fifteen-storey and the two thousand square meter, twelve-storey buildings joint together by steel and glass structures. The fourth to seventh floors of the building are leased to other companies, restaurant 9501, the executive dining restaurant of ABS-CBN is located on the fourteenth floor of the building. ABS-CBN Film Archives, the film archives of ABS-CBN which holds the biggest film collection in the country is located in the basement of the building. An area in the building called The Loop is home to retail shops, dining outlets. In 2013, the center became one of the first 4G LTE zone in the country after Globe. ABS-CBNs subsidiary, The Big Dipper Digital Content & Design, Inc. is an economic zone enterprise of PEZA, making the company eligible for tax holiday. In 2010, the company has availed an income tax incentives of 472 million pesos. In 2011 and 2012, the company has availed 188 million and 204 million pesos respectively, in 2014, PEZA approved the application of Big Dipper for the entitlement of the Pioneer Status. The Studio Annex is a four storey high,4,000 square meter ultra-modern soundstage and it is an extension of ELJ office buildings. It is further divided into three studios, Studio 10, the largest studio of ABS-CBN, is used by the musical variety show ASAP, the comedy talk show Gandang Gabi, Vice. The drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya and the documentary program Rated K. This studio is home for the program The Score of S+A. An elephant door is located in the Studio Annex that leads to the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center
12.
GMA Network Center
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The GMA Network Center is the headquarters of the GMA Network, a major radio and television network in the Philippines. It is located at EDSA corner Timog Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City and it is the networks main television and radio production center, and its main transmission facility for most of Metro Manila. The building houses Super Radyo DZBB594 AM, Barangay LS-FM97.1, GMA-7, the center housed the UHF channel DWDB-TV27. GMA inaugurated the facility on June 14,2000, the birthdate of GMA Network, although the Network Center was inaugurated in 2000, GMA has held office in its current EDSA headquarters since 1957, having moved from the Calvo Building in Escolta, Manila. The Center serves as the Corporate Headquarters for the network and also houses radio stations Super Radyo DZBB594 AM and Barangay LS97.1 FM, a convenience store and a coffee shop services the employees who work in the center. On the buildings courtside is a sculpture by artist Eduardo Castrillo, in 2006, on an 18, 404-square-meter complex, GMA built a 3, 000-square meter 4-storey structure beside the old network complex. The structure houses two state-of-the art soundstages, one of which can accommodate up to 1,000 studio audience, a bridge also connects the new building to the rest of the compound. The new structure costs as much as PhP1 billion, the new GMA Network Studios was unveiled on Friday, October 17,2008 with a red carpet event. And the tour of the new studio was shown in GMA Pinoy TV, worldwide by the famous Bubble Gang characters, Angelina and Yaya, theyve shown the features of the studio and theyve shown the dance studio where the audience including Felipe Gozon watched them dance. The Studio 6 of the Annex currently houses Wowowin, and the Studio 7 used for Sunday PinaSaya, on March 24,2014, GMA Network launched its own version of Walk of Fame outside Network Center, over 190 celebrities and news & public affairs personalities received the plaque. The concept of this Walk of Fame was done by the late German Kuya Germs Moreno who was also behind the Eastwood Citys Walk of Fame
