1.
Radio masts and towers
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Radio masts and towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two types, guyed and self supporting structures. They are among the tallest man-made structures, masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them. In the case of a mast radiator or radiating tower, the whole mast or tower is itself the transmitting antenna, the terms mast and tower are often used interchangeably. However, in engineering terms, a tower is a self-supporting or cantilevered structure. Broadcast engineers in the UK use the same terminology, in US broadcast engineering, a tower is an antenna structure attached to the ground, whereas a mast is a vertical antenna support mounted on some other structure. Masts tend to be cheaper to build but require an extended area surrounding them to accommodate the guy wires, Towers are more commonly used in cities where land is in short supply. There are a few designs that are partly free-standing and partly guyed, called additionally guyed towers. For example, The Gerbrandy tower consists of a tower with a guyed mast on top. The few remaining Blaw-Knox towers do the opposite, they have a lower section surmounted by a freestanding part. Until August 8,1991, the Warsaw radio mast was the worlds tallest supported structure on land, there are over 50 radio structures in the United States that are 600 m or taller. The steel lattice is the most widespread form of construction and it provides great strength, low weight and wind resistance, and economy in the use of materials. Lattices of triangular cross-section are most common, and square lattices are also widely used, guyed masts are often used, the supporting guy lines carry lateral forces such as wind loads, allowing the mast to be very narrow and simply constructed. When built as a tower, the structure may be parallel-sided or taper over part or all of its height, when constructed of several sections which taper exponentially with height, in the manner of the Eiffel Tower, the tower is said to be an Eiffelized one. The Crystal Palace tower in London is an example, guyed masts are sometimes also constructed out of steel tubes. This construction type has the advantage that cables and other components can be protected from weather inside the tube and these masts are mainly used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, but sometimes also as mast radiator. The big mast of Mühlacker transmitting station is an example of this. A disadvantage of this mast type is that it is more affected by winds than masts with open bodies
2.
Quezon City
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Quezon City is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it with the intention to replace Manila as the national capital. The city actually held title for 28 years starting 1948 up to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province and it is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area. Quezon City also hosts the University of the Philippines Diliman–the national university–and Ateneo de Manila University, the Quezon Memorial Circle is a national park and shrine located in Quezon City. The park is an ellipse bounded by the Elliptical Road and its main feature is a mausoleum containing the remains of Manuel L. Quezon, the second President of the Philippines, and his wife, First Lady Aurora Quezon. Before Quezon City was created, its land was settled by the individual towns of San Francisco del Monte, Novaliches. On August 23,1896, the Katipunan led by its Supremo Andrés Bonifacio, in the early 20th century, President Manuel L. Quezon dreamt of a city that would become the future capital of the country to replace Manila. It is believed that his trip to Mexico influenced his vision. In 1938, President Quezon created the Peoples Homesite Corporation and purchased 15.29 km2 from the vast Diliman Estate of the Tuason family, successfully lobbied the assembly to name the city after the incumbent president. President Quezon allowed the bill to lapse into law without his signature on October 12,1939, instead of opposing it, Caloocan residents willingly gave land to Quezon City in the belief it will benefit the countrys new capital. During the Second World War, Imperial Japanese forces occupied Quezon City in 1942 and this caused the territorial division of Caloocan into two non-contiguous parts, the South section being the more urbanized part, and the North half being sub-rural. On June 16,1950, the Quezon City Charter was revised by Republic Act No,537, changing the citys boundaries to an area of 153.59 km2. Exactly six years after on June 16,1956, more revisions to the land area were made by Republic Act No. 1575, which defined its area as 151.06 km2.33 km2, on October 1,1975, Quezon City was the actual site of the Thrilla in Manila boxing fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier. On November 7,1975 the promulgation of Presidential Decree No.824 of President Ferdinand Marcos established Metro Manila, Quezon City became one of Metro Manilas 17 cities and municipalities. The next year, Presidential Decree No.940 transferred the capital back to Manila on June 24,1976, on March 31,1978, President Marcos ordered the transfer of the remains of President Quezon from Manila North Cemetery to the completed Quezon Memorial Monument within Elliptical Road. On February 22,1986, the Quezon City portion of the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue became the venue of the bloodless People Power Revolution that overthrew Marcos, on February 23,1998, Republic Act
3.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
ABS-CBN
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ABS-CBN Corporation, commonly known as ABS-CBN, is a Filipino media and entertainment group based in Quezon City. It is the Philippines largest entertainment and media conglomerate in terms of revenue, operating income, net income, assets, equity, market capitalization, ABS-CBN was formed by the merger of Alto Broadcasting System and Chronicle Broadcasting Network. It was first founded in 1946 by Jewish American electronics engineer James Lindenberg, BEC would in turn become Alto Broadcasting System or ABS. Chronicle Broadcasting Network, on the hand, was founded in 1952 by newspaper mogul Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. The two companies were merged and incorporated as ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation on February 1,1967, shortened to simply ABS-CBN Corporation in 2010 to reflect the companys diversification, the common shares of ABS-CBN was first traded on the Philippine Stock Exchange in July 1992 under the ticker symbol ABS. The group owns and operates the ABS-CBN and ABS-CBN Sports+Action national television networks as well as the Radyo Patrol, the remaining revenue is generated from consumer sales, mainly from ABS-CBN Global Ltd. which runs The Filipino Channel and from pay TV and broadband internet provider Sky. Among the pay TV networks and channels under the ABS-CBN group are ABS-CBN News Channel, Cinema One, Myx, the nucleus of ABS-CBN Corporation began in 1946 with Bolinao Electronics Corporation. BEC was established by James Lindenberg, one of the fathers of Philippine television. At that time, the largest media company was Manila Broadcasting, in 1949, James Lindenberg shifted Bolinao to radio broadcasting with DZBC and masterminded the introduction of television to the country in 1953. In 1951, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then Philippine President Elpidio Quirino, in 1952, BEC was renamed as Alto Broadcasting System or ABS. Alto was a contraction of Quirino’s and his wife’s first names, Tony, though they had little money and resources, ABS was able to put up its TV tower by July 1953 and import some 300 television sets. The initial test broadcasts began on September of the same year, the very first full-blown broadcast, however, was on October 23,1953, of a party in Tony Quirinos home. The television station was known as DZAQ-TV, in turn, on September 24,1956, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network was organized. The network was owned by Don Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and the then Philippine Vice President Fernando Lopez, the following year, Don Eugenio acquired ABS from Quirino and Lindenberg. However, it was only on February 1,1967 that the name was changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation to reflect the merger. In the late 1950s, Don Eugenios son, Geny Lopez saw the potential of TV and radio to reach, ABS also made breakthroughs in the TV industry by achieving the countrys first color TV broadcast, first satellite feed, and first use of videotape, among others. It was also pioneering in marathon election coverage in 1967 when the TV & radio stations of the network aired election updates for 36 hours sharp - making it a national first. On June 15,1961, Eugenio Lopez, Jr. built the first provincial TV station in Cebu airing 4 hours with the tallest tower measuring 216 feet, within weeks, another TV station in Dagupan opened its doors followed by the first broadcasts in Negros Island in 1963
6.
DWWX-TV
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DWWX-TV, channel 2, is the flagship VHF station of Philippine television network ABS-CBN Corporation. Its studios and transmitter are located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center and it is the first and oldest television station in the Philippines, and it currently operates 24/7 except Tuesday mornings. DWWX-TV traces its history to the first Philippine television station DZAQ-TV, james Lindenberg, owner of BEC, was first to apply for a license to the Philippine Congress to establish a television station in 1949. His request was granted on June 14,1950, because of the strict import controls and the lack of raw materials needed to open a TV station during those days, Lindenberg branched to radio broadcasting instead. Judge Antonio Quirino, brother of then President Elpidio Quirino, also tried to apply for a license to Congress and he later bought stocks from BEC and later gained the controlling stock and renamed the company from BEC to Alto Broadcasting System. DZAQ-TV began commercial operations on October 23,1953, the first fully licensed commercial television station in the Philippines. The first program aired was a garden party at the Quirino residence in Sitio Alto. After the premiere telecast, the followed a four-hour-a-day schedule. In 1955, Manila Chronicle owner Eugenio Lopez, Sr. and Fernando Lopez acquired a franchise from Congress. On February 24,1957 Lopez called Judge Quirino to his house for breakfast, the corporate name was reverted to Bolinao Electronics Corporation immediately after the purchase of ABS. The monopoly in television was broken in 1961 when DZBB-TV7 was established by Republic Broadcasting System, by 1963, with the official launch of the first Philippine drama program, Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato, the ABS-CBN brand was officially used for the first time on the station. Channel 3 started test color broadcasts in 1963, in 1967, the company was renamed ABS–CBN Broadcasting Corporation. This company became the formal merger of the two stations DZAQ-TV3 and DZXL-TV9, in 1969, DZAQ-TV transferred to channel 2, the current and permanent positioning frequency of the station, while its sister station DZXL-TV transferred to channel 4. This was in response to frequency adjustments, so that the station of the Kanlaon Broadcasting System can occupy the Channel 9 frequency. When then President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, the station was forced to shut down, BBC2 and KBS9 later relocated to the Broadcast City complex in 1977, which is also where the Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation is today currently headquartered. As the People Power Revolution broke out and the grip on power crumbled. Thus, at 10 AM on February 24, they attacked, the station later became Peoples Television-4 that afternoon, with the broadcasts spearheaded by former ABS-CBN talents and newsreaders. When Marcos was deposed, the network was sequestered and returned Channel 2 to the Lopezes, on September 14,1986, ABS-CBN went back on the air, broadcasting from what used to be their main garage at Broadcast Center in the pre-Martial Law days
7.
DWAC-TV
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DWAC-TV, channel 23, is the flagship station of Philippine all-sports and action television network ABS-CBN Sports and Action, a fully owned subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corporation. Its studios and transmitter are located at ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center Mother Ignacia cor and it was later showing Channel V refeeds from 1994 onwards as MTV made the decision to split from STAR and form its own satellite TV portal in Asia. Just two years later in 1996, MTV Asia returned to the Philippine airwaves after establishing a new base in Singapore. ABS-CBN was picked as the broadcast arm of MTV Asia in the Philippines at the time, a month later, it launched its own programming under the station name Studio 23 and adopted the slogan Premium Television. The station initially ran MTV rebroadcasts in the day, and ran its own shows at primetime and it also ran for 24 hours, but financial limitations forced it to sign off at 3AM every day. That has been the broadcast arrangement ever since, by 2004, the channel opened its doors to Taglish programs. It also by that time adopted a new slogan, Kabarkada Mo, previous to this trend, the station was already running its own English newscast, News Central, from 2001 to 2010, effectively replacing the networks News 23. It also geared its mostly young viewers to trends in the world with Digital World. With the intensified Taglish presence, Studio 23 today now has the nightly Tagalog gag newscast Wazzup Wazzup, the interactive youth talk show Y-Speak, and several others. It even provided support shows to its highly successful local reality programs Pinoy Big Brother and Pinoy Dream Academy, in 1998, ABS-CBN, through its sports division, ABS-CBN Sports, used mainly Studio 23 to highlight its own professional basketball league, the Metropolitan Basketball Association. The league adopted the home and away format used by the American professional league the National Basketball Association and it marked the networks first serious foray into sports programming. Later, that would be added by acquiring broadcast rights to the collegiate leagues UAAP and NCAA, today, it carries a wide variety of local sporting competition, many of which involved neighborhood schools and showcasing budding Filipino sports talents. On August 29,2016, in time with the National Heroes Day celebration, ABS-CBN ABS-CBN Sports and Action Studio 23 ABS-CBN Sports and Action stations
8.
DWRR-FM
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DWRR-FM – branded as MOR101.9 For Life. – is a 24-hour music radio station of ABS-CBN, and is also the flagship FM station of My Only Radio Network in the Philippines. It was founded in 1956 as one of the stations of Chronicle Broadcasting Network. It was revived in 1986 and reformatted several times, it is broadcast live throughout the Philippine archipelago, the studios are located at ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Sgt. Esguerra Ave. Cor Mo. Ignacia St. Diliman, Quezon City and its 22.5 kW transmitter is located at the Eugenio Lopez Center, Cruz, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo City, Rizal. DZYL-FM102 MHz, later named DZYK-FM102.1 MHz, is the first FM radio station in the Philippines, DZYK-FM was founded in 1956 and played oldies music and the latest songs of that time. In 1957, CBN bought Alto Broadcasting System resulting in a merger under the name Bolinao Electronics Corporation, staffed by eight DJs, DZYK-FM102.1 MHz was popularized to listeners in Metro Manila area. DZYK-FM remained as the FM radio station of ABS-CBN until the station was forced off the air by Ferdinand Marcos under martial law. When martial law was declared in 1972, DZYK-FM along with ABS-CBNs two TV channels and six AM radio stations in Manila were shut down under strict censorship. The FM station was taken over by Roberto Benedicto and changed to DWOK-FM of the Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation, which had aired in 1973 as DWWK and it wad staffed by Jing Magsaysay, Wayne Enage, Ed Picson, Dody Lacuna, Ronnie Malig, Pinky Villarama and Ronnie Quintos. DWOK is an AM-formatted FM station which features news, public service programs, Helen Vela also came to the station in 1984 with her counselling program Lovingly Yours, Helen. However, DWOK, DWAN and BBC-2 had been dissolved since the government-controlled radio and it was given back to ABS-CBN after the 1986 EDSA Revolution, and returned on the air as DWKO, though on test broadcast. The fall of the Marcos Regime brought about the return of ABS-CBN, in July 1986, then newly formed Presidential Commission on Good Governance turned two radio stations, DWWW and DWOK-FM, over to ABS-CBN from Marcos ally Roberto Benedicto. DWOK changed its callsign to DWKO and resumed broadcasting four months later, lito Balquiedra Jr. Vice-President for Radio, spearheaded the return of the giant network to the local broadcasting scene. The stations former disc jockey Peter Musngi has been the networks voice-over sjnce the reopening in 1986, the slogan of the station is Panalo Ka Talaga. The network started recruiting both experienced and new employees and DJs, prior to the adoption of masa format, all FM stations are English based with the use of the English language during the 1980s and 1990s.9 in October 1986 and playing the hits during that time. Since then, KO-Radio has aired Pinoy hits from singers of the 1970s and 1980s such as Rico J. Puno, Yoyoy Villame, APO Hiking Society. When it was debuted, Original Pilipino Music stars like Gary V, Regine Velasquez, Janno Gibbs and Donna Cruz, dWKO-FM was re-changed after its broadcast ended on February 28,1987 as DZOO. On March 1,1987, the station reformatted and became known as Zoo FM101.9 Hayop Talaga, which is best known for its diamond logo and a slightly uptrend pop sound led to the introduction of OPM and disco hits
9.
Color
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Color or colour is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, yellow, purple, or blue. This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them and this reflection is governed by the objects physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc. By defining a color space, colors can be identified numerically by coordinates, there may also be more than three color dimensions in other color spaces, such as in the CMYK color model, wherein one of the dimensions relates to a colours colorfulness). The photo-receptivity of the eyes of species also varies considerably from our own. Honeybees and bumblebees for instance have trichromatic color vision sensitive to ultraviolet but is insensitive to red, papilio butterflies possess six types of photoreceptors and may have pentachromatic vision. The most complex color vision system in the kingdom has been found in stomatopods with up to 12 spectral receptor types thought to work as multiple dichromatic units. The science of color is sometimes called chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science and it includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength and its intensity, when the wavelength is within the visible spectrum, it is known as visible light. Most light sources emit light at different wavelengths, a sources spectrum is a distribution giving its intensity at each wavelength. Although the spectrum of light arriving at the eye from a given direction determines the color sensation in that direction, in each such class the members are called metamers of the color in question. The table at right shows approximate frequencies and wavelengths for various pure spectral colors, the wavelengths listed are as measured in air or vacuum. A common list identifies six main bands, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, Newtons conception included a seventh color, indigo, between blue and violet. It is possible that what Newton referred to as blue is nearer to what today is known as cyan, the color of an object depends on both the physics of the object in its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain. Some objects not only light, but also transmit light or emit light themselves. This effect is known as color constancy, opaque objects that do not reflect specularly have their color determined by which wavelengths of light they scatter strongly. If objects scatter all wavelengths with roughly equal strength, they appear white, if they absorb all wavelengths, they appear black. Opaque objects that reflect light of different wavelengths with different efficiencies look like mirrors tinted with colors determined by those differences
10.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
11.
Martial law in the Philippines
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Martial law is declared either when there is near-violent civil unrest or in cases of major natural disasters, however most countries use a different legal construct like state of emergency. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunals, Bonifacio planned to capture El Polvorin, the San Jose del Monte powder magazine along with El Depósito, a water station supplying Manila. The defending Spaniards were outnumbered, but fought the rebels until reinforcements arrived, once reinforced, the Spaniards drove Bonifacios forces back with heavy casualties. Elsewhere rebels attacked Mandaluyong, Sampaloc, Santa Ana, Pandacan, Pateros, Marikina, balintawak in Caloocan saw intense fighting. Rebel troops tended to gravitate towards fighting in San Juan del Monte, South of Manila, a thousand-strong rebel force attacked a small force of civil guards. In Pandacan Katipuneros attacked the church, making the parish priest run for his life. After their defeat in San Juan del Monte, Bonifacios troops regrouped near Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban and they captured these areas but were driven back by Spanish counterattacks, and Bonifacio eventually ordered a retreat to Balara. On the way, Bonifacio was nearly killed shielding Emilio Jacinto from a Spanish bullet that grazed his collar, despite his reverses, Bonifacio was not completely defeated and was still considered a threat. North of Manila, the towns of San Francisco de Malabon, Noveleta, in Nueva Ecija rebels in San Isidro led by Ivan Pilien attacked the Spanish garrison on September 2–4, they were repulsed. These provinces were Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and these would later be represented in the eight rays of the Sun in the Philippine flag. He was encouraged to return by the Americans, who saw in him as an opportunity in their war against Spain. After five days, on May 23, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation in which he assumed command of all Philippine military forces, on 12 June, at Aguinaldos ancestral home in Cavite, Philippine independence was proclaimed and The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence was read. The act had been prepared and written in Spanish by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, on 18 June, Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government. On 23 June another decree signed by Aguinaldo was issued, replacing the Dictatorial Government with a Revolutionary Government, President José P. Laurel of the wartime Second Philippine Republic placed the Philippines under martial law in 1944 through Proclamation No. Martial law came into effect on September 22,1944, Proclamation No.30 was issued the next day, declaring the existence of a state of war between the Philippines and the US and Great Britain. This took effect on September 23,1944, around 1970, student activism was raging and many student activists joined the ranks of the communists. KM members protested in front of Congress, throwing a coffin, a stuffed alligator, in front of the US embassy, protesters vandalized, arsoned and damaged the embassy lobby resulting to a strong protest from the U. S. Ambassador. The KM protests ranged from 50,000 to 100,000 in number per weekly mass action, in the aftermath of the January 1970 riots, at least two activists were confirmed dead and several were injured by the police
12.
Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
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The Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation was a Philippine television network that began operations in November 4,1973 and ceased transmission on March 20,1986. DWWX-TV station owned by ABS-CBN was shut down following the declaration of Martial Law in 1972, the new network was named the Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation after Mount Banahaw, a dormant volcano located in southern Luzon known for its hot springs and mystical associations. This left Channel 4 at the ABS-CBN Broadcast Center complex, then renamed MBS Broadcast Plaza, by December 1973, the network also operated DYCB-TV3 in Cebu and DYXL-TV4 in Bacolod, both of which were also originally owned by ABS-CBN. Their call signs were changed to DYCW-TV and DYBW-TV, respectively. The Cebu and Bacolod stations switched affiliations to GTV in 1978, BBC-2 was rebranded as City 2 Television from 1980 to 1984, but reverted to BBC-2 with a different logo in its last years of broadcast. DWWX-TV was returned to ABS-CBN on September 14,1986, as were the Cebu, the network became well-remembered for its trademark jingle, Big Beautiful Country, composed by José Mari Chan and sung by various OPM singers of the 70s. Call letters were changed to DWAN, it was owned by Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation. The frequency was awarded to ABS-CBN in 1986, V Office of the Ombudsman, Roberto S. Benedicto, Exequiel B. Garcia, Miguel V. Gonzales, and Salvador Tan Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation v Pacana III, et al
13.
People's Television Network
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Peoples Television Network, Inc. is the flagship government television network owned by the Philippine Government under the helm of the Presidential Communications Office. Its head office, studios and transmitter are located at Broadcast Complex, Visayas Avenue, Barangay Vasra, Diliman, the countrys government television network began operations in April 1974 as Government Television through the National Media Production Center. The government channel was first headed by Lito Gorospe and later by the then-Press Secretary during the Marcos administration, by then, it began expanding with the opening of provincial stations nationwide, including 2 stations in Cebu and Bacolod who once owned by pre-martial law ABS-CBN. It later became the network for the broadcasts of the 1988 Summer Olympics along with RPN. On March 26,1992, President Cory Aquino signed Republic Act 7306 turning PTV Network into a government corporation known formally as Peoples Television Network, Inc. Shortly after he took over the mantle of government in June 1992, the Network was given a one-time equity funding for capital outlay. Since 1992, PTV has been operating on revenues it generates on its own, Republic Act 7306 stipulates that the government shall not appropriate funds for the operations of the Network. PTNI is on full satellite transmission nationwide since 1992 using PALAPA C2 and its flagship station PTV-4, which is based in Quezon City, boasts of a 40-kilowatt brand-new transmitter sitting on a 500 ft tower. With its 32 provincial stations across the country, the network has extended its reach and it has, to its name, several pioneering and award-winning educational, cultural and public service programs for their relevance and production excellence. In 1996, PTV won the award for Best TV Station ID in the PMPC Star Awards for Television, PTNI has pioneered educational and cultural programming. Some of its programs were Tele-aralan ng Kakayahan, Ating Alamin, Small World Kidsongs, For Arts Sake, Coast to Coast. PTNI has also been the broadcaster of major international sports competitions. It has covered the Olympic Games, starting with the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, except Barcelona Olympics in 1992, the Beijing Olympics in 2008, London Olympics in 2012, during these coverage, PTNI has received commendations from various sports organizations. In 1996, it received a citation from then President Fidel V. Ramos for the successful coverage of the Atlanta Olympic Games. On July 16,2001, under the new management appointed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, PTNI adopted the new image, One Vision. for a new image in line with its new programming thrusts, they continued the new name until the Aquino administration in 2010. NBN expanded its broadcast reach with the launching of NBN World on February 19,2003 in cooperation with the Television and this global expansion signals new directions for NBN as it becomes accessible to the rest of the world, particularly the millions of Filipinos overseas. NBN can be seen in Australia, North America and the Asia-Pacific, NBN is previously transmitting via satellite nationwide using Agila 2 then moved to ABS1 last September 2011. Also, a new Harris Transmitter has been installed, nBNs transmitter power shall be increased from 40 kW to 60 kW
14.
People Power Revolution
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The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25,1986. There was a campaign of civil resistance against regime violence. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos and it is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. The majority of the demonstrations took place on a stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym EDSA. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of governance by Marcos. Corazon Aquino was proclaimed as the President of the Philippines after the revolution, some authors praised Marcos decision not to attack the protesters and to voluntarily leave the country for preventing a bloody civil war. Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected president in 1965, defeating incumbent Diosdado Macapagal by a margin of 52 to 43 percent, during this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they built more roads than all his predecessors combined, Marcos second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal Party of widespread graft and corruption. On September 23,1972, citing more than 15 bombing incidents, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum in 1973 though the referendum was marred by controversy. The referendum had the results, As Marcos was barred from running for a third term as president in 1973. Rigoberto Tiglao, former secretary and a former communist incarcerated during the martial law, argued that the liberal. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary, the constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite. Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos government, Marcos also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. In his undelivered speech upon his return from the US on August 21,1983, Aquino said, I am not a communist, never was and never will be. In 1978, while still in prison, Aquino founded his political party, despite warnings from the military and other pro-Marcos groups, Ninoy Aquino was determined to return to the Philippines. Asked what he thought of the threats, Ninoy Aquino responded, “The Filipino is worth dying for. ”At that time, Ninoys passport had expired. The passport carried the alias Marcial Bonifacio, Aquino became allies with Rashid Lucman as he supported the Muslim rebellion in Mindanao against the government. On August 21,1983, after an exile in the United States
15.
Harris Corporation
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Headquartered in Melbourne, Florida, the company has approximately $6 billion of annual revenue. The company is the largest private-sector employer in Brevard County, Florida, the company was the parent of Intersil. Most of the wireless start-ups in South Brevard County were founded and are staffed by former Harris Corporation engineers, the companys Digital Telephone Systems division was sold to Teltronics. In 2016, Harris was named one of the top hundred federal contractors by Defense News, in January 2015, Wired Magazine ranked Harris Corporation—tied with U. S. Marshals Service—as the number two threat to privacy and communications on the Internet. The Harris Automatic Press Company was founded by Alfred S. Harris in Niles, the company spent the next 60 years developing lithographic processes and printing presses before acquiring typesetting company Intertype Corporation. In 1959, they acquired microwave technology company PRD Electronics of Brooklyn, in 1960, they merged with Radiation, Inc. of Melbourne, Florida, a developer of antenna, integrated circuit, and modem technology used in the space race. The company headquarters was moved from Cleveland to Melbourne in 1978, in 1969, Harris Corporation acquired RF Communications and Farinon, furthering its microwave assets. The printing operations were sold off in 1983 and are now known as GSS Printing Equipment, GSS Printing Equipment later acquired Lanier Worldwide, which itself was spun off from Harris Corporation in the late 1990s. In 1979, Harris formed a joint venture Matra Harris Semiconductors. After further changes MHS was taken over by Atmel, in 1988, Harris acquired GEs semiconductor business, which at this time, also incorporated the Intersil and RCA semiconductor businesses. These were combined with Harris existing semiconductor businesses, which were spun off in 1999 as an independent company. In 1996, Harris Corporation formed a joint venture with Shenzhen Telecom Company to produce and sell Harris digital microwave radios and integrate them with other systems. In November 1998, Harris sold its commercial and standard military logic product lines to Texas Instruments, which included the HC/HCT, CD4000, AC/ACT, Harris retained production of the Radiation Hardened versions of these products. In 2005, the corporation spent $870 million on research and development, Harris Corporation developed a Hand Held Computer for use during the address canvassing portion of the 2010 United States Census. Secured access via a fingerprint swipe guaranteed only the verified user had access to the unit. A GPS capacity was integral to the daily management and the transfer of information that was gathered. Of major importance was the security and integrity of the personal, in January 2011, Harris re-opened its Calgary, Alberta avionics operation, Harris Canada Inc. On December 2012, Harris Corporation sold its broadcast equipment operations to the Gores Group which operates as Harris Broadcast, Harris received $225M for the transaction, exactly half of what it paid seven years earlier for Leitch Technology, its final acquisition for the Broadcast division
16.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
17.
Tower of Power (transmitter)
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Tower of Power is a 777 ft,100,000 watt TPO transmitter of GMA Network located in Tandang Sora, Barangay Culiat, Quezon City. It serves as a facility for GMA, GMA News TV. The transmitters construction uses 600 tons of steel from a steel mill. Antennas are also provided to enhance signal strength, a grand TV special was started after the inauguration. The slogan GMA-7-POWER was used from November 7 to December 1,1988 as a station ID, the Tower of Power uses its high-gain corner reflector antennas to produce a wide coverage of VHF TV reception in Metro Manila, Region 3 and 4-A. It is including Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Tarlac, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Batangas, Cavite, Quezon, Aurora and it also serves as a repeater for the transmissions of Channel 27 in Cebu and Davao to relay Channel 11s programmes. The transmitter facility houses both DZBB-TV, DZOE-TV and DWLS containing sets of transmitter equipment imported by Harris and RCA of the United States, at the same time, the satellite downlink facility housed all satellite broadcasts directly to the United States and other countries to produce foreign programmes. GMA Network DZBB-TV DWLS DZOE-TV Millennium Transmitter List of famous transmission sites List of tallest towers in the world
18.
ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center
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The ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines is the oldest headquarters of ABS-CBN. It occupies an area of approximately 34,000 square meters adjacent to ELJ Communications Center and it was originally built in 1968 and was then the most advanced broadcast facility in Asia. Today it is now the countrys largest and most technologically advanced media facility, the broadcasting center, conceptualized by ABS-CBNs then-President Eugenio Lopez Jr. was constructed on December 18,1968 and was opened on March 21,1969. With the opening, ABS-CBNs radio and TV operations were housed in one building, when it was opened, it was the most advanced TV broadcasting facility in Asia. ABS-CBN mentioned that before Martial Law, it was once the ground of TV electronics engineers from other countries. The new TV transmitter tower known as the Millennium Transmitter in the complex would begin beaming Channel 2, on September 22,1972, ABS-CBN was shut down after then-President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. All of its properties, which included the Broadcast Center, were seized from the network, the facility was not to be used again at least until RPN, whose first facility given by ABS-CBN was destroyed by a fire, took over the facility in 1973. It also became the new home of IBC, and two newly formed networks, BBC which took Channel 2 and GTV which took Channel 4, the facility was also renamed as the Broadcast Plaza. RPN, IBC, BBC, and GTV were all owned by Roberto Benedicto, Benedicto owned the facility without any compensation. In 1986, the complex was stormed by rebel soldiers that attacked. Channel 4 then went back on the air to serve the people, after Marcos was deposed, MBS became PTV. The same year, RPN, IBC, and BBC were sequestered by the government from Benedicto, BBC was dissolved and its frequencies were given to ABS-CBN, which was turned back to the Lopezes and was relaunched on September 14,1986. Channel 4 remained with PTV, while Channel 2 of the former BBC was given back to ABS-CBN, at that time, the facility was dilapidated. The network did get back the facility but it occupied a small portion of the facility as PTV took the rest of the space. In just two years after reopening, ABS-CBN would soon regain ratings leadership and propel itself back to financial stability, in the same year, a fire hit one of the studios in the compound, injuring a few people and slightly damaging the broadcast equipment. It was also the site of a military coup in 1989 that attempted to overthrow the then current Aquino government. DZMM, ABS-CBNs flagship AM radio station, soon moved to the Broadcast Center in 1987, along with DWRR, prior to this, DZMM was once housed at the Chronicle Building in Ortigas Center. After six years in 1992, ABS-CBN finally regained control of the facility after PTV moved out of the complex for a new broadcasting complex
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ELJ Communications Center
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The Eugenio Lopez Junior Communications Center is the corporate headquarters of ABS-CBN and its subsidiaries. The center has a floor area of 101,608.32 square meters, almost seventy thousand square meters of office space. The construction of the began in 1998 and was opened in 2000 for a cost of 6 billion pesos. It is named in honor of the late Eugenio Lopez, Jr. the chairman emeritus of ABS-CBN, the dedication of the building was held on November 4,2010 in a ceremony that was attended by the then-Philippine President Benigno Aquino III. The offices of ELJ Communications Center are composed of two interconnecting building structures and these are the four thousand square meter, fifteen-storey and the two thousand square meter, twelve-storey buildings joint together by steel and glass structures. The fourth to seventh floors of the building are leased to other companies, restaurant 9501, the executive dining restaurant of ABS-CBN is located on the fourteenth floor of the building. ABS-CBN Film Archives, the film archives of ABS-CBN which holds the biggest film collection in the country is located in the basement of the building. An area in the building called The Loop is home to retail shops, dining outlets. In 2013, the center became one of the first 4G LTE zone in the country after Globe. ABS-CBNs subsidiary, The Big Dipper Digital Content & Design, Inc. is an economic zone enterprise of PEZA, making the company eligible for tax holiday. In 2010, the company has availed an income tax incentives of 472 million pesos. In 2011 and 2012, the company has availed 188 million and 204 million pesos respectively, in 2014, PEZA approved the application of Big Dipper for the entitlement of the Pioneer Status. The Studio Annex is a four storey high,4,000 square meter ultra-modern soundstage and it is an extension of ELJ office buildings. It is further divided into three studios, Studio 10, the largest studio of ABS-CBN, is used by the musical variety show ASAP, the comedy talk show Gandang Gabi, Vice. The drama anthology Maalaala Mo Kaya and the documentary program Rated K. This studio is home for the program The Score of S+A. An elephant door is located in the Studio Annex that leads to the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center
20.
ABS-CBN Film Archives
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The ABS-CBN Film Archives is a state-of-the-art film archive in the Philippines located at the basement of ELJ Communications Center in Eugenio Lopez Drive, Diliman, Quezon City. ABS-CBN Film Archives is a member of the Southeast Asia-Pacific Audio-Visual Archive Association, rudy Fernandez, Ramon Revilla, Armida Siguion-Reyna among others. ABS-CBN Film Archives holds the largest film collection in the country and it is currently headed by Leo Katigbak. The film storage facility features insulated walls covering around 500 square meters and it has two film vaults, the medium-term vault and the long-term vault. The medium term vault holds betacam tapes, U-matic, 16mm prints, the facility is also protected with a specialized fire suppression system. Acclimatization rooms are located between the vaults and the exit, the air-conditioning system of the facility operates 24 hours a day. The facility is accessible to visitors for academic and research purposes, ABS-CBN Film Restoration Project is a digital film restoration project of ABS-CBN Film Archives in partnership with Central Digital Lab, Inc. The aim of the project is to restore and remaster over 2,400 films in the archives of ABS-CBN. The process includes an audio and video restoration and remastering process in 1080p pixel resolution at 24 frames per second. The first film that has been restored was Ishmael Bernals 1982 film Himala which was screened at the 69th Venice International Film Festival as part of its 30th year anniversary and it was followed by Peque Gallagas 1982 film Oro, Plata, Mata. Followed by Olivia Lamasans Maalaala Mo Kaya and Madrasta, Laurice Guillens Tanging Yaman, Rory Quintos Anak, Marilou Diaz-Abaya’s Bagong Buwan, and Chito S. Roños Dekada 70. As of 2015, the project has restored and remastered over 100 films with restoration cost ranging anywhere from two hundred pesos to ten million pesos for each film
21.
GMA Network Center
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The GMA Network Center is the headquarters of the GMA Network, a major radio and television network in the Philippines. It is located at EDSA corner Timog Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City and it is the networks main television and radio production center, and its main transmission facility for most of Metro Manila. The building houses Super Radyo DZBB594 AM, Barangay LS-FM97.1, GMA-7, the center housed the UHF channel DWDB-TV27. GMA inaugurated the facility on June 14,2000, the birthdate of GMA Network, although the Network Center was inaugurated in 2000, GMA has held office in its current EDSA headquarters since 1957, having moved from the Calvo Building in Escolta, Manila. The Center serves as the Corporate Headquarters for the network and also houses radio stations Super Radyo DZBB594 AM and Barangay LS97.1 FM, a convenience store and a coffee shop services the employees who work in the center. On the buildings courtside is a sculpture by artist Eduardo Castrillo, in 2006, on an 18, 404-square-meter complex, GMA built a 3, 000-square meter 4-storey structure beside the old network complex. The structure houses two state-of-the art soundstages, one of which can accommodate up to 1,000 studio audience, a bridge also connects the new building to the rest of the compound. The new structure costs as much as PhP1 billion, the new GMA Network Studios was unveiled on Friday, October 17,2008 with a red carpet event. And the tour of the new studio was shown in GMA Pinoy TV, worldwide by the famous Bubble Gang characters, Angelina and Yaya, theyve shown the features of the studio and theyve shown the dance studio where the audience including Felipe Gozon watched them dance. The Studio 6 of the Annex currently houses Wowowin, and the Studio 7 used for Sunday PinaSaya, on March 24,2014, GMA Network launched its own version of Walk of Fame outside Network Center, over 190 celebrities and news & public affairs personalities received the plaque. The concept of this Walk of Fame was done by the late German Kuya Germs Moreno who was also behind the Eastwood Citys Walk of Fame
22.
TV5 Media Center
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The TV5 Media Center is modernized corporate and broadcast complex in Mandaluyong City, opened in 2013. It serves as the headquarters of TV5 and also houses its affiliates Cignal Digital TV, Philex Mining Corporation and Voyager Innovations, the construction of the new facility will include two phases. The first phase is the construction of the department and the target completion was in the fourth quarter of 2011. The second phase involves the entertainment department which is targeted to completed on the following year, ₱6 billion of capital expenditures from the parent MediaQuest was used in the construction of the facilities. However, the cash flow in the earlier years of construction caused the delay in the completion. The first phase is completed in December 2013, while the second phase is targeted to completed in November 2016
23.
UNTV Broadcast Center
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The UNTV Broadcast Center is a mixed-use skyscraper and broadcast facility, currently under construction, located along Epifanio delos Santos Avenue in Quezon City. It will serve as the new headquarters of UNTV-37, also known as UNTV News and Rescue/Public Service and it will also house UNTV Radio La Verdad 1350 kHz and Wish 1075. The building is owned by Breakthrough and Milestones Productions International, the exclusive blocktimer and operator of UNTV and it is also located near the UNTV Building, the stations headquarters since July 2008. The groundbreaking ceremony for the UNTV Broadcast Center was held in June 26,2014 and it was aired live in UNTVs morning shows Good Morning Kuya and Get It Straight with Daniel Razon. The event is part of the stations 10th anniversary celebration with the theme UNTV Big 10, headed by UNTV-BMPI Chairman and CEO Daniel Razon. Guest speakers during the event were Architect Jose Pedro Bong Recio of Rchitects Inc. also present during the event were UNTV-PBC President Alfredo Atom Henares and UNTV Chairman Emeritus Hilarion Larry Henares. The UNTV Broadcast Center will be a mixed-use skyscraper, a whole floor at the lower portion of the building will be designated for public service purposes such as legal, dental and medical services. A400 square metres broadcast studio for news and public affairs programs along with photo, a bike and jogging lane will be on the roof deck surrounded by glass panels. An accommodations area will be hosted at the 16th floor with free suites for employees and talents, three disc structures will be constructed on top of the 16-storey building. The lower disc will have floating restaurant which can accommodate up to 200 guests, the middle disc will be a floating AM and FM radio studio for UNTV Radio La Verdad 1350 kHz and Wish 1075. The top disc will serve as a 360-degree observatory deck with coffee bar, the buildings facade will be covered with LED panels to serve as advertising space for UNTV programs and other third-party advertisers
