1.
National League
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Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series, after the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016, the 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs. By 1875, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players was dangerously weak, additionally, Hulbert had a problem—five of his star players were threatened with expulsion from the NAPBBP because Hulbert had signed them to his club using what were considered questionable means. Hulbert had a vested interest in creating his own league. After recruiting St. Louis privately, four western clubs met in Louisville, Kentucky, Boston Red Stockings, the dominant team in the N. A. Hartford Dark Blues from the N. A. Mutual of New York from the N. A. St. Louis Brown Stockings from the N. A, the only strong club from 1875 excluded in 1876 was a second one in Philadelphia, often called the White Stockings or Phillies. The first game in National League history was played on April 22,1876, at Philadelphias Jefferson Street Grounds, 25th & Jefferson, the new leagues authority was tested after the first season. The National League operated with six clubs during 1877 and 1878, over the next several years, various teams joined and left the struggling league. By 1880, six of the eight members had folded. The two remaining original NL franchises, Boston and Chicago, remain in operation today as the Atlanta Braves, in 1883 the New York Gothams and Philadelphia Phillies began National League play. Both teams remain in the NL today, the Phillies in their original city, the NL encountered its first strong rival organization when the American Association began play in 1882. The A. A. played in cities where the NL did not have teams, offered Sunday games and alcoholic beverages in locales where permitted, the National League and the American Association participated in a version of the World Series seven times during their ten-year coexistence. These contests were less organized than the modern Series, lasting as few as three games and as many as fifteen, with two Series ending in disputed ties, the NL won four times and the A. A. only once, in 1886. Starting with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1887, the National League began to raid the American Association for franchises to replace NL teams that folded and this undercut the stability of the A. A. Other new leagues that rose to compete with the National League were the Union Association, the Union Association was established in 1884 and folded after playing only one season, its league champion St. Louis Maroons joining the NL. The NL suffered many defections of star players to the Players League, the Brooklyn, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and New York franchises of the NL absorbed their Players League counterparts. The labor strife of 1890 hastened the downfall of the American Association, after the 1891 season, the A. A. disbanded and merged with the NL, which became known legally for the next decade as the National League and American Association
2.
American League
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The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League, is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a league based in the Great Lakes states. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season,25 years after the formation of the National League. At the end of season, the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion. Through 2016, American League teams have won 64 of the 112 World Series played since 1903, the 2016 American League champions are the Cleveland Indians. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics. Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the American League later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded, in its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League, babe Ruth, noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference versus the National League, in 1902, the Milwaukee Brewers moved to St. Louis and were renamed the St. Louis Browns. In 1902, The Cleveland Bluebirds were also renamed the Cleveland Broncos, in 1903, the Broncos were renamed the Cleveland Naps. In 1915, the Naps were renamed the Cleveland Indians, in 1903, the Baltimore Orioles moved to New York and were renamed the New York Highlanders. In 1913, the Highlanders were renamed the New York Yankees, in 1904, the Chicago White Stockings were renamed the Chicago White Sox. In 1908, the Boston Americans were renamed the Boston Red Sox, in 1954, the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and were renamed as the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and were renamed as the Kansas City Athletics, in 1961, the league expanded and added two teams as the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators, expanding the league to 10 teams. The original Senators team moved to Minneapolis/St, Paul in 1961 and were renamed as the Minnesota Twins. The Angels team name changed to the California Angels in 1966, then to the Anaheim Angels in 1997, the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots were added to the American League, expanding the league to 12 teams. In 1970, the Seattle Pilots moved to Milwaukee and were renamed the Milwaukee Brewers, in 1972, the Washington Senators relocated to the Dallas/Fort Worth area and were renamed the Texas Rangers. In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the Seattle Mariners, in 1998, the Tampa Bay Rays was added to the American League and at the same time, the Milwaukee Brewers were switched to the National League, leaving the American League with 14 teams
3.
1972 in baseball
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The following are the baseball events of the year 1972 throughout the world. 1972 was tainted by a strike over pension and salary arbitration. The strike erased the first week and a half of the season, as a result, an uneven number of games were cancelled for each team, some as few as six, some as many as nine. The lack of makeups of those games, even when they affected playoffs,1972 marked the first year for the Texas Rangers, who had moved to Arlington from Washington, D. C. after the 1971 season. There would be no baseball in D. C. until 2005, the team was one of the worst ever fielded by the franchise, losing 100 games for the first time since 1964. Manager Ted Williams hated living in the Dallas-Fort Worth area,1972 would mark the Kansas City Royals final year at Kansas City Municipal Stadium, as the next year they would move to Royals Stadium at the Truman Sports Complex in suburban Kansas City. January 19 – The Baseball Writers Association of America elects Sandy Koufax, Yogi Berra, Koufax makes it in his first try and, at age of 36, is the youngest honoree in history. January 20 – The Chicago Cubs trade Johnny Callison to the New York Yankees for Jack Aker, february 8 – Commissioner Bowie Kuhn announces that the Special Committee on the Negro Leagues has selected Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard for the Hall of Fame. March 16 – Reigning Cy Young and MVP award winner Vida Blue announces his retirement and it will be a short one as he will join the Oakland Athletics in May. April 1 –13 – The first players strike in baseball history wipes 6–8 games off the schedule of each MLB team and it is agreed that those games will be canceled. The strike results in the team owners adding salary arbitration to the collective bargaining agreement, april 2 – With the sudden death of Gil Hodges, Yogi Berra is named manager of the New York Mets. April 16 – At Wrigley Field, Burt Hooton of the Chicago Cubs no-hits the Philadelphia Phillies 4–0, april 21 – At Arlington Stadium, Frank Howard hits the first home run in Texas Rangers history, a solo shot against Clyde Wright of the California Angels. May 11 – The San Francisco Giants trade Willie Mays to the New York Mets for minor league pitcher Charlie Williams and he scores in the 1st inning on Rusty Staubs grand slam and his solo homer in the 5th inning snaps a 4–4 tie. The final score, Mets 5, Giants 4, may 28 – The Milwaukee Brewers fire manager Dave Bristol, replacing him with Del Crandall. Coach Roy McMillan takes over until Crandall arrives and guides the team to a 4–1 loss to the Boston Red Sox, june 18 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules 5–3 in favor of Major League Baseball in the lawsuit brought by Curt Flood. She resigns between games after being abused by some spectators and by some involved in the game. July 2 – San Franciscos Willie McCovey hits his 14th career grand slam home run to pace the Giants 9–3 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Pitcher Randy Moffitt wins his first major game and receives a congratulatory telegram from his sister Billie Jean King
4.
Bud Selig
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Allan Huber Bud Selig is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball. Previously, he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball and he initially served as the acting commissioner beginning in 1992 before being named the official commissioner in 1998. Selig oversaw baseball through the 1994 strike, the introduction of the card, interleague play. He was instrumental in organizing the World Baseball Classic in 2006 and he is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance. Selig enjoys a level of support from baseball owners. Jerome Holtzman, MLBs official historian from 1999 until his death in 2008, during Seligs term of service, the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs became a public issue. Following the release of the Mitchell Report, Congressman Cliff Stearns called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner, Selig has pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs, and has overseen and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end. Selig was previously the owner and team president of the Milwaukee Brewers. As a Milwaukee native, he is credited for keeping baseball in Milwaukee, the Brewers went to the 1982 World Series and won seven organization of the year awards during his tenure. Selig remains a resident of Milwaukee, Selig made $14.5 million in the 12-month period ending October 31,2005. Selig announced on September 26,2013, that he would retire in January 2015, on January 22,2015, MLB announced that Selig would formally step down from the office when his current term expired on January 24,2015. On December 4,2016 it was announced Selig was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, Selig was born in Milwaukee, and grew up in a Jewish family. His father, Ben Selig, had come to the United States from Romania with his family when he was four years old, Selig graduated from the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a B. A. in American history and political science in 1956. He served two years in the U. S. Army before working with his father who owned a car leasing business in Milwaukee, Selig continues to be involved in the automotive industry, serving as president of the Selig Executive Lease Company. Seligs interest in baseball came from his mother, an immigrant from Ukraine, Marie Selig attended college, a rare accomplishment for a woman in the early 20th century, and became a school teacher. When Selig was only three, Marie began taking him and his brother, Jerry, to Borchert Field. When the Boston Braves relocated to Milwaukee in 1953, Selig switched allegiances, Selig was devastated when he learned that the Braves were going to leave Milwaukee in favor of Atlanta. In 1965, when the Braves left Milwaukee, he divested his stock in the team, as a youngster, Seligs favorite player was Hershel Martin
5.
Paul Molitor
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Paul Leo Molitor, nicknamed Molly and The Ignitor, is an American former Major League Baseball player and current manager of the Minnesota Twins, who is in the Baseball Hall of Fame. During his 21-year baseball career, he played for the Milwaukee Brewers, Toronto Blue Jays and he was known for his exceptional hitting and speed. He made seven All-Star Game appearances and was the World Series MVP in 1993, Molitor grew up in Minnesota and attended the University of Minnesota before beginning his MLB career. Molitor served as a coach for the Seattle Mariners and the Twins after his retirement as a player. In 2004, he was elected to the Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility and he was a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. On November 3,2014, Molitor was announced as the 13th manager for the Minnesota Twins, Molitor was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He was a starter for the Golden Gophers, earning All American honors as a shortstop for his sophomore. Between his junior and senior seasons, Molitor suffered a broken jaw, with his jaw wired shut for eight weeks, Molitor lost 40 pounds. After his junior year in college, he was selected third overall in the 1977 Major League Baseball draft by the Milwaukee Brewers and he signed with the Brewers and began his professional career in Iowa, playing for the Class A Burlington Bees of the Midwest League. In 64 games with Burlington, Molitor hit for a.346 batting average,8 home runs,50 runs batted in and 14 stolen bases, Molitor began as a shortstop, then moved to second base when Robin Yount returned from a brief injury. He made his MLB debut in 1978, playing in 125 games, in 1981, he spent time at center field and right field to avoid the injuries associated with infield play. Molitor was moved to base before the 1982 season. Molitor was part of a young Milwaukee Brewers team that lost the 1982 World Series in seven games to the St. Louis Cardinals, in Game 1, he had five hits, a World Series record. During the 1982 season, he hit.302 and led the American League with 136 runs scored, Molitor struggled with injuries for much of his early career, being placed on the disabled list six times between 1980 and 1986. In 1984, Molitor struggled with problems, played in only 13 games. He played in 140 games in 1985, hitting.297 with 10 home runs and 48 RBI and he followed that with a.281 average,9 home runs and 55 RBI in 1986. That year he suffered an injury, returned for a few days. He played in 105 games that season, Molitor attracted national media attention in 1987 during his 39-game hitting streak
6.
Robin Yount
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Robin R. Yount is an American former professional baseball player. He spent his entire 20-year career in Major League Baseball as a shortstop, after growing up in California, Yount spent a couple of months in minor league baseball and advanced to the major leagues at the age of 18. He won two American League Most Valuable Player awards, in his best season,1982, the Brewers made a World Series appearance. In 1999, Yount was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility, since his retirement as a player, Yount has held several roles as a baseball coach. Yount was born in Danville, Illinois, Yount lived briefly in Covington, Indiana, but his family moved to southern California when he was an infant, his father had gotten a job testing rocket engines with Rocketdyne. Robin attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills, Yount was the third pick overall in the June 1973 Major League Baseball draft, one slot ahead of fellow Hall of Famer and 3,000 Hit Club member Dave Winfield. Yount made his league debut the following April, at eighteen years old. After going hitless in his first four games, Yount hit a home run in his sixth. Yount is currently the last 18-year-old to hit a run in the Major Leagues. On September 14,1975, Yount broke Mel Otts 47-year-old record for most games played in the major leagues before turning 20, Yount courted controversy in the winter of 1978. He threatened to retire from the game and take up professional golf rather than be underpaid or moved to the outfield by the Brewers, early in the season, Paul Molitor was called up from the Brewers Class A affiliate to the major league team because of Younts absence. Younts demands were met, when he returned to the team and he was an early proponent of weight training – then uncommon in baseball – and by 1980 Younts power hitting had improved, particularly for a shortstop. Yount was an All-Star in 1980,1982, and 1983, no other Brewer was voted a starter in consecutive years until Ryan Braun started each year between 2008 and 2011. Yount led the American League with 210 hits in 1982, the 1982 AL East race was tied on the final day of the season, with the race coming down to a winner-take-all game between the Brewers and the Baltimore Orioles. With the title on the line, Yount hit home runs in each of his first two at-bats against Orioles starter Jim Palmer, Yount finished with a four-hit game, as the Brewers won 10-2. In addition to his only 200-hit season, he registered career highs with 29 home runs,114 RBI, Yount finished with a.578 slugging percentage and.957 OPS on his way to gaining 367 total bases – leading the major leagues in all three categories. His slugging percentage was the second highest ever by a shortstop and that year, Yount also won his only Gold Glove Award and his first Most Valuable Player Award. His performance garnered 27 of 28 possible first place votes in the 1982 MVP balloting, the year ended with the Brewers making their only World Series appearance
7.
Rollie Fingers
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Roland Glen Fingers is an American retired professional baseball pitcher. Fingers pitched in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres, Fingers is a three-time World Series champion, a seven-time MLB All-Star, a four-time Rolaids Relief Man of the Year, and three-time MLB saves champion. Fingers won the American League Most Valuable Player Award and Cy Young Award in 1981, in 1992, he became only the second reliever to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Fingers is also one of only a few MLB players to have his number retired by more than one club, Fingers is also known for his neatly groomed handlebar mustache. Fingers was born in Steubenville, Ohio to George Michael Fingers and his father, worked in a Steubenville steel mill. George Fingers came home from work one day, said Thats it, were moving to California. They could not afford hotels so they slept in sleeping bags beside the highway, after getting to California George Fingers had to eventually go back to work in another steel mill. Fingers attended Upland High School in the Californian city of Upland and he turned them down and signed for less money, $13,000 signing bonus, with the Kansas City Athletics, on Christmas Eve 1964. His jaw was wired shut for five weeks and when he returned he jumped every time the ball was hit, it took him half the remaining season to get used to being on the mound again. Fingers was a starter throughout his minor league career and he had started 19 games in 1970. But a May 15,1971 start against the Royals in Kansas City would be his last in regular rotation. He came in on May 21,1971 in the first inning against the Minnesota Twins in Oakland after Blue Moon Odom gave up three runs and three walks facing eight batters and he pitched 5-1/3 allowing three hits and two runs. After that his earliest entrance to a game was in the sixth inning, mainly he came in the seventh, eighth, or ninth. By the end of May 1971 his manager with the Athletics, the following season,1972, Fingers entered the game in the fifth inning on four occasions, otherwise he entered in the sixth inning or later. He did start two games in 1973, other than that he came into the game no earlier than the sixth on three more occasions, after that he rarely entered a game before the seventh inning for the rest of his career. Fingers was on the Oakland Athletics team that accomplished the first modern-day three-peat, in 1974, he won the World Series MVP Award while with Oakland, earning two saves and one win. Just prior to the start of the 1974 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Fingers, the incident lasted less than a minute, however, Fingers required six stitches on his head, and Odom sprained his ankle and had a noticeable limp. With the end of baseballs reserve clause, all players not under a contract were set to become free agents after the 1976 season.5 million in June
8.
Hank Aaron
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Henry Louis Hank Aaron, nicknamed Hammer, or Hammerin Hank, is a retired American Major League Baseball right fielder who is currently the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves. He played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves in the National League and 2 seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers in the American League, Aaron held the MLB record for career home runs for 33 years, and he still holds several MLB offensive records. He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, in 1999, The Sporting News ranked Aaron fifth on its 100 Greatest Baseball Players list. Aaron was born and raised in and around Mobile, Alabama, Aaron had seven siblings, including Tommie Aaron, who later played in MLB with him. Aaron appeared briefly in the Negro American League and in minor league baseball before starting his major league career and he played late in Negro league history, by his final MLB season, Aaron was the last Negro league baseball player on a major league roster. Aaron played the vast majority of his MLB games in right field, in his last two seasons, he was primarily a designated hitter. Aaron was an NL All-Star for 20 seasons and an AL All-Star for 1 season, Aaron holds the record for the most seasons as an All-Star, the most All-Star Game selections, and is tied with Willie Mays and Stan Musial for the most All-Star Games played. He was a Gold Glove winner for three seasons, in 1957, he was the NL Most Valuable Player when the Milwaukee Braves won the World Series. He won the NL Player of the Month award in May 1958, Aaron holds the MLB records for the most career runs batted in, extra base hits, and total bases. Aaron is also in the top five for career hits and runs and he is one of only four players to have at least seventeen seasons with 150 or more hits. Aaron is in place in home runs and at-bats. At the time of his retirement, Aaron held most of the games key career power hitting records, since his retirement, Aaron has held front office roles with the Atlanta Braves. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, in 1999, MLB introduced the Hank Aaron Award to recognize the top offensive players in each league. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002 and he was named a 2010 Georgia Trustee by the Georgia Historical Society in recognition of accomplishments that reflect the ideals of Georgias founders. Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama, to Herbert Aaron, Sr. Tommie Aaron, one of his brothers, also went on to play Major League Baseball. By the time Aaron retired, he and his brother held the record for most career home runs by a pair of siblings and they were also the first siblings to appear in a League Championship Series as teammates. While he was born in a section of Mobile referred to as Down the Bay, Aaron grew up in a poor family. His family could not afford baseball equipment, so he practiced by hitting bottle caps with sticks and he would create his own bats and balls out of materials he found on the streets
9.
Jackie Robinson
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Jack Roosevelt Jackie Robinson was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15,1947. The Dodgers, by signing Robinson, heralded the end of segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, Robinson had an exceptional 10-year baseball career. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers 1955 World Series championship, in 1997, MLB universally retired his uniform number,42, across all major league teams, he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honored. MLB also adopted a new tradition, Jackie Robinson Day, for the first time on April 15,2004. Robinsons character, his use of nonviolence, and his unquestionable talent challenged the basis of segregation which then marked many other aspects of American life. He influenced the culture of and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights Movement, Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB, and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full oNuts. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, in recognition of his achievements on and off the field, Robinson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and Presidential Medal of Freedom. Robinson was born on January 31,1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo and he was the youngest of five children born to Mallie and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew, and Willa Mae. His middle name was in honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, after Robinsons father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. The extended Robinson family established itself on a residential plot containing two small houses at 121 Pepper Street in Pasadena, Robinsons mother worked various odd jobs to support the family. Growing up in poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson. As a result, Robinson joined a gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. In 1935, Robinson graduated from Washington Junior High School and enrolled at John Muir High School, recognizing his athletic talents, Robinsons older brothers Mack and Frank inspired Jackie to pursue his interest in sports. At Muir Tech, Robinson played several sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them, football, basketball, track and he played shortstop and catcher on the baseball team, quarterback on the football team, and guard on the basketball team. With the track and field squad, he won awards in the broad jump and he was also a member of the tennis team. In late January 1937, the Pasadena Star-News newspaper reported that Robinson for two years has been the athlete at Muir, starring in football, basketball, track, baseball
10.
Seattle Pilots
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The American professional baseball team now known as the Milwaukee Brewers spent their first season,1969, as the Seattle Pilots in Seattle, Washington. The Pilots played home games at Sicks Stadium and were a member of the West Division of Major League Baseballs American League, on April 1,1970, they moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Pilots name originated from the owners part-time job as a harbor pilot, the team colors were royal blue and gold. Seattle had long been a hotbed for minor league baseball and was home to the Seattle Rainiers, at the time, Seattle was the third-biggest metropolitan area on the West Coast. The Cleveland Indians briefly considered a move to Seattle in 1964, in 1967 Charles Finley looked to move his Kansas City Athletics to Seattle, but ended up moving the Athletics to Oakland, California. There was no competition from other professional teams at the time. While Seattle had landed the National Basketball Association s SuperSonics in 1967, the NFL would come to the city in 1976 with the addition of the expansion Seahawks. The lead man for the ownership, Pacific Northwest Sports, Inc. was Dewey Soriano. In an ominous sign of things to come, Soriano had to ask William R. Daley, in return, Soriano sold Daley 47% of the stock — the largest stake in the club. He became chairman of the board while Soriano served as president, a couple of factors were beyond the Pilots control. They were originally not set to play until 1971 along with the Kansas City Royals. However, the date was moved up to 1969 under pressure from Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, also, the Pilots had to pay the PCL $1 million to compensate for the loss of one of its most successful franchises. After King County voters approved a bond for a stadium in February 1968 with 62% in favor. California Angels executive Marvin Milkes was hired as manager, and Joe Schultz. Schultz and Milkes both optimistically stated that they thought Pilots could finish third in the formed, six-team AL West. However, the Pilots experienced the struggles of a first-year expansion team. They won their very first game, and then their home opener three days later, but only won five times in the first month. Nevertheless, the Pilots managed to stay in reasonable striking distance of.500, the Pilots were only 6 games back of the division lead as late as June 28
11.
1969 Major League Baseball season
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The 1969 Major League Baseball season was celebrated as the 100th anniversary of professional baseball, honoring the first professional touring baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings. It was the first season of what is now called the Divisional Era, the winners of each division would compete against each other in a League Championship Series, then best-of-five, to determine the pennant winners that would face each other in the World Series. In a year marked by the expansion of the decade, the New York Mets. East Division with a league-best 100–62 record, and sweeping the N. L, West Division Champion Atlanta Braves in three games in the first National League Championship Series, the Miracle Mets became the first expansion team to win a pennant. East Division Champion Orioles, holders of the best record in baseball, West Division Champion Minnesota Twins in three games in the first American League Championship Series. The upstart Mets upset the heavily favored Orioles and won the World Series title in five games, in an effort to counteract a trend of low-scoring games, Major League Baseball adopted two measures during the Baseball Winter Meetings held in December 1968. The strike zone was reduced to the area over home plate between the armpits and the top of the knees of a batter. Also, the height of the mound was reduced from 15 inches to 10 inches. A save became an official MLB statistic to reward relief pitchers who preserve a lead while finishing a game, MLB called for a four-team expansion to take place in 1971 at the 1967 Winter Meetings, the first expansion since 1962. However, there was a complication, influential U. S, the Leagues agreed and moved expansion up to 1969, with the AL putting one of its new franchises in Kansas City. Ewing Kauffman won the bidding for that franchise, naming it the Kansas City Royals, the other AL team was awarded to Seattle. A consortium led by Dewey Soriano and William Daley won the bidding for the Seattle franchise, and named it the Seattle Pilots, a salute to the harbor pilots of the Puget Sound maritime industry. In the NL, one franchise was awarded to San Diego, California, arnholdt Smith, former owner of the AAA Pacific Coast Leagues San Diego Padres, won the bidding for the San Diego franchise, also naming it the Padres. Charles Bronfman, owner of Seagram, won the bidding for the Montreal franchise, naming them the Expos and this was the last NL expansion until the 1993 season. As part of the 1969 expansion, each league was to be split into two divisions of six each, with each league holding a best-of-five League Championship Series to decide the pennant. The AL was divided purely along geographic lines, but when it came to assign divisions in the NL and this alignment also addressed concerns that putting the leagues three strongest clubs—St. Louis, San Francisco, and the Cubs—in the west would result in divisional unequity, the Padres and Expos each finished with 110 losses and at the bottom of their respective divisions. The Royals did better, finishing 69–93 and in fourth in the AL West, the legal fallout of the battle would lead eventually to the expansion for the 1977 season
12.
Miller Park (Milwaukee)
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Miller Park is a baseball park located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is home to the Milwaukee Brewers and was completed in 2001 as a replacement for Milwaukee County Stadium, the park is located just southwest of the intersection of Interstate 94 and Miller Park Way. The title sponsor is the Miller Brewing Company, millers contract with the stadium was for $40 million, and runs until 2020. Miller Park features North Americas only fan-shaped convertible roof, which can open, large panes of glass allow natural grass to grow, augmented with heat lamp structures wheeled out across the field during the off-season. Miller Park is one of the largest construction projects in Wisconsin history and it was built with US$290 million of public funds from a 0. 1% sales tax that began January 1,1996, and is scheduled for retirement upon completion, sometime around 2017. The tax is applied on purchases in Milwaukee County and four surrounding counties, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, the tax was controversial, in part because of the notion of using public funds for a privately owned sports team. The state senator who cast the vote in the funding bill, George Petak of Racine. Groundbreaking took place on November 9,1996, in a lot behind County Stadium. Originally scheduled to open in 2000, Miller Parks construction was delayed after three construction workers were killed in an accident. A Lampson Transi-lift crane 3, brought in to build the roof, collapsed while lifting a 450-ton roof section, during windy conditions, on July 14,1999, killing three workers. A camera crew was filming construction of the stadium on that day, repair work and an investigation forced the Brewers to stay in County Stadium for one more year, until 2001. There was some talk of having the Brewers move to Miller Park in the middle of 2000, the complex and massive roof was a significant factor in the $392 million cost of the stadium. The idea of the stadium having a retractable roof had been considered right away in the design, as to help counter the unpredictable Wisconsin weather in the early spring. The design team was appointed after a competition in the mid-1990s. The executive architect responsible for the delivery of the stadium design was a Dallas-based team of HKS. In addition to major players there were a significant contributions from local teams including Eppstein Uhen Architects. The stadium design followed the trend of retro-designed ballparks with current amenities that began in 1992 with Oriole Park at Camden Yards in Baltimore. The original grass playing surface was installed on March 10,2001, with County Stadiums surface infield dirt, the unconventional fan-shaped retractable roof has not been without complications
13.
Milwaukee County Stadium
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Milwaukee County Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in the north central United States, located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Opened 64 years ago in 1953, it was primarily a baseball park for the major league Milwaukee Braves and it was also used for football games, ice skating, religious services, concerts, and other large events. Its final season was in 2000, when it was replaced by the adjacent Miller Park, Milwaukee County Stadium was originally built as a home for the Milwaukee Brewers of the minor league American Association, replacing the outdated and deteriorating Borchert Field. County Stadium was the first ballpark in the United States financed with public funds, construction began in October 1950 and, hampered by steel shortages during the Korean War, was completed in 1953. Construction cost was $5.9 million, with the bonds paid off in 1964, the city of Milwaukee also hoped to use the new facility to attract a Major League Baseball franchise, and in this respect their efforts were immediately successful. In fact, the minor league Brewers would never get a chance to play at the new stadium, even before it was completed, the new Milwaukee County Municipal Stadium drew the interest of major league clubs. The St. Louis Browns, who had played in Milwaukee in 1901, the Boston Braves, the parent club of the Brewers, blocked the proposed move. The Braves had long been struggling at the gate in Boston, the move to keep Milwaukee available as a new home indicated to many observers that the Braves would move to Milwaukee themselves. Three weeks before the beginning of the 1953 season, and right before the new stadium was ready to open, the other National League owners agreed, with the team becoming the Milwaukee Braves. The Braves first regular home game was on April 14 against the St. Louis Cardinals. Bill Bruton hit a 10th inning home run to win the game in dramatic style, in their first season in Milwaukee, the Braves set the National League attendance record of 1.8 million. The first published issue of Sports Illustrated on August 16,1954, featured County Stadium, on July 12,1955, County Stadium hosted the 22nd All-Star Game. The National League won, 6–5, on a 12th-inning home run by Stan Musial, the Braves hosted back-to-back World Series in 1957 and 1958, both against the New York Yankees. The Braves defeated the Yankees in seven games in 1957, the stadium continued to be the National Leagues top draw until 1959 when the Dodgers, who had moved to Los Angeles two years before, overtook the Braves. In the early 1960s attendance fell, along with the Braves standings, the Milwaukee Braves used the stadium through the 1965 season when new owners, seeking a larger television market, moved the team to Atlanta. The exhibition game attracted more than 51,000 spectators, so Seligs group contracted with Sox owner Arthur Allyn to host nine Chicago White Sox home games at County Stadium in 1968, Seligs experiment was highly successful – those nine games drew 264,297 fans. In Chicago that season, the Sox drew 539,478 fans to their remaining 58 home dates, in just a handful of games, the Milwaukee crowds accounted for nearly one-third of the total attendance at White Sox games. In light of success, Selig and Allyn agreed that County Stadium would host Sox home games again the next season
14.
2000 Major League Baseball season
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A record 5,693 home runs were hit during the regular season in 2000. Ten teams hit at least 200 home runs each, while for the first time since 1989, Commissioner Bud Selig says he will listen to what the doctors say before deciding what punishment—if any—will be handed down to the pitcher. January 11 – The baseball writers elect catcher Carlton Fisk and first baseman Tony Pérez to the Hall of Fame, Fisk is chosen in his 2nd year on the ballot, while Pérez is picked on his 9th try. January 31 – Braves reliever John Rocker is suspended from baseball until May 1 by Commissioner Bud Selig for his racial, hes also fined $20,000 and ordered to undergo sensitivity training. February 10 – The Seattle Mariners accommodate center fielder Ken Griffey, Cincinnati resisted giving up infielder Pokey Reese. February 29 – Manager Sparky Anderson, 19th-century star Bid McPhee, march 1 – Independent arbitrator Shyam Das cuts Braves pitcher John Rockers suspension from 28 days to 14 days. Rocker, who is allowed to report to spring training with the team, also has his fine cut. March 29 – The Chicago Cubs open the league season in the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan, by defeating the New York Mets 5–3. Jon Lieber gets the victory and Mike Hampton takes the loss, Shane Andrews hits the first home run of the season. Mark Grace and Mike Piazza also homer, April 3 – Andrés Galarraga hits a home run in his first game back after missing the entire 1999 season following cancer surgery. Atlanta defeat the Colorado Rockies 2–0, April 3 – The Los Angeles Dodgers defeat the Montréal Expos 10–4, behind Eric Karros grand slam. Right fielder Vladimir Guerrero hits a pair of runs for Montreal as a new major league record for Opening Day is set with five players having multiple home run games. April 4 – Expos closer Ugueth Urbina strikes out the Dodgers in the top of the inning on nine pitches. April 7 – A total of 57 home runs are hit in the 15 games played, the previous mark of 55 was set in 17 games on August 13,1999. There were 36 homers hit in the AL, eclipsing the mark for a single league. April 7 – The Tampa Bay Devil Rays open their home schedule playing home games at Tropicana Field on the new FieldTurf artificial surface and they lose to the Cleveland Indians, 14–5. April 9 – The Minnesota Twins defeat the Kansas City Royals 13–7, in the process, they become the first teams in major league history to each hit back-to-back-to-back home runs in the same game. April 10 – Colorado beats Cincinnati 7–5, despite Ken Griffey, at age of 30, Griffey is the youngest player in major league history to reach that milestone
15.
Sick's Stadium
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It was the longtime home of the Seattle Rainiers of the Pacific Coast League, and was the home of the Seattle Pilots during their only major league season in 1969. The site was previously the location of Dugdale Field, a 1913 ballpark that was the home of the Rainiers forerunners, Sicks Stadium first opened on June 15,1938 as the home field of the Pacific Coast Leagues Seattle Rainiers. It was named after Emil Sick, owner of the team, the Rainiers played at the stadium through 1964, after which they were renamed the Seattle Angels, but continued to play at Sicks through 1968. In 1946, the stadium was briefly the home of the Seattle Steelheads of the short-lived West Coast Baseball Association Negro League, the City of Seattle bought the stadium in 1965, in anticipation that part of the property was needed for a proposed freeway. On April 11,1969, Major League Baseball came to Seattle with the American League expansion Seattle Pilots debuting at Sicks Stadium, Seattle had been mentioned several times as a prospective major league city. The Cleveland Indians almost moved there in the early 1960s, charlie Finley considered moving the Kansas City Athletics to Seattle in 1967, but when he came to scout out Sicks Stadium, he quipped that it was aptly named. He advised Seattle officials to get a new stadium if it wanted a league team. It soon became obvious why Daley and Finley were wary about Sicks, the franchise agreement required the Pilots to expand Sicks Stadium to 30,000 seats by the start of the 1969 season. However, due to cost overruns, poor weather and other delays, several of the 17,150 people who showed up had to wait three innings to take their seats because workers were still putting them together by the time of the first pitch. In the Pilots defense, original plans called for them to play in 1971. However, the date was moved up two years when U. S, senator Stuart Symington demanded that the Pilots expansion brethren, the Kansas City Royals, be ready for play in 1969. This forced Seattle to start play in 1969 as well in order to balance the schedule, the stadium expanded to 25,000 seats by June, but many of those seats had obstructed views. There were no field-level camera pits, so photographers had to set up their equipment atop the grandstand roof, also, no upgrades were made to the stadiums piping, resulting in almost nonexistent water pressure after the seventh inning, especially when crowds exceeded 10,000. This forced players to shower in their rooms or at home after the game. The visiting teams announcers couldnt see any plays along third base or left field, the Pilots had to place a mirror in the press box, and the visiting announcers had to look into it and refract plays in those areas. By the middle of the season, it was obvious that Sicks Stadium was completely inadequate even for temporary use. Under the circumstances, only 678,000 fans came to see the Pilots, despite the poor stadium conditions, the ticket prices were among the highest in the major leagues. The team was out of bankruptcy court to a Milwaukee-based group on March 31
16.
Mark Attanasio
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Mark L. Attanasio is a Los Angeles businessman and owner of the Milwaukee Brewers. The deal was approved by MLB at the owners meeting on January 13,2005. Attanasio was born in The Bronx, New York and grew up in Tenafly, New Jersey and he graduated from Brown University with a B. A. in 1979 and received his J. D. from Columbia Law School in 1982. He co-founded the Dallas investment firm Crescent Capital Partners in 1991, in 2001, Attanasio joined the board of directors at the telecommunications firm Global Crossing, which filed for bankruptcy in January 2002. He resigned his position on the board shortly thereafter and he is a senior executive with the money management firms TCW/Crescent Mezzanine and Trust Company of the West. In September 2004, the Milwaukee Brewers and the Selig family announced that they had accepted Attanasios bid to buy the team, along with Brewers Assistant General Manager Gord Ash and former pitcher Ben Sheets, Attanasio is a part-owner of the Milwaukee Admirals. He was a sponsor of the widely acclaimed Andy Warhol exhibition at the Milwaukee Art Museum. Mark is the brother of television writer Paul Attanasio and his eldest son, Dan, and his rock band, Pan Am, have performed at Summerfest 2008 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. List of Major League Baseball principal owners
17.
Craig Counsell
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Craig John Counsell is an American former professional baseball player and current manager in Major League Baseball. Counsell was an infielder who played sixteen seasons for five teams, Counsell is currently the manager of the Milwaukee Brewers of the National League, a position he has held since May 2015. Counsell is best known for his performances in 1997 with the Florida Marlins. He has the distinction of having been on base for the last two times that the World Series ended with a hit, and was named the NLCS Most Valuable Player in 2001. He is also known for his batting stance, for much of his career, Counsell held his bat over his head. Late in his career, Counsell lowered his batting position significantly, Counsell was born in South Bend, Indiana. He grew up in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin, and attended Whitefish Bay High School and his father, John, worked for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball as their director of the speakers bureau and director of community relations. Counsell attended college at the University of Notre Dame, where he played for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball team, the Colorado Rockies of MLB selected Counsell in the 11th round of the 1992 MLB Draft. He made his MLB debut with the Rockies on September 17,1995, the Rockies traded Counsell to the Florida Marlins for Mark Hutton in July 1997. He immediately became the Marlins regular starting second baseman, in June 1999, the Marlins traded Counsell to the Los Angeles Dodgers for a player to be named later. The Dodgers released Counsell during 2000 spring training, and he signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks and his stay with the Diamondbacks lasted four years. Counsell batted 8-for-21 in the 2001 National League Championship Series, with the Brewers, Counsell started at shortstop in 2004. After one season with the Brewers, Counsell returned to the Diamondbacks as a agent for two more seasons. Counsell returned to the Brewers as a agent for 2007. He recorded his 1, 000th career hit on August 16,2008 against Derek Lowe of the Los Angeles Dodgers, in 2011, he was the fourth-oldest player in the National League, and had the second-best career fielding percentage of all active second basemen. In 2010, he was chosen as the 13th-smartest athlete in sports by Sporting News, the record was set by notoriously poor hitter Bill Bergen in 1909, and later tied by infielder Dave Campbell in 1973. It had been reported Bergens streak was 46 at bats, however, subsequent research definitively established that Bergens streak stopped at 45, meaning that Counsell tied but did not break the record. The record was only a few weeks after Counsell tied it, by Eugenio Vélez of the Los Angeles Dodgers.18 and 5.86
18.
Milwaukee
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Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigans western shore, Milwaukees estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of 2,046,692 as of 2015. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, large numbers of German immigrants helped increase the citys population during the 1840s, with Poles and other immigrants arriving in the following decades. Known for its traditions, Milwaukee is currently experiencing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been built in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront, the word Milwaukee may come from the Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, Gathering place. The first recorded inhabitants of the Milwaukee area are the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, many of these people had lived around Green Bay before migrating to the Milwaukee area around the time of European contact. In the second half of the 18th century, the Indians at Milwaukee played a role in all the wars on the American continent. During the French and Indian War, a group of Ojibwas, in the American Revolutionary War, the Indians around Milwaukee were some of the few Indians who remained loyal to the American cause throughout the Revolution. After American independence, the Indians fought the United States in the Northwest Indian War as part of the Council of Three Fires, during the War of 1812, Indians held a council in Milwaukee in June 1812, which resulted in their decision to attack Chicago. This resulted in the Battle of Fort Dearborn on August 15,1812, the War of 1812 did not end well for the Indians, and after the Black Hawk War in 1832, the Indians in Milwaukee signed their final treaty with the United States in Chicago in 1833. This paved the way for American settlement, Europeans had arrived in the Milwaukee area prior to the 1833 Treaty of Chicago. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries, alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac settled a trading post, therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region. Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names, Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, for many years, printed records gave the name as Milwaukie. One story of Milwaukees name says, ne day during the thirties of the last century a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, the spelling Milwaukie lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted. Milwaukee has three founding fathers, Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker, Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler but founded a town called Juneaus Side, or Juneautown, in competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side
19.
Major League Baseball
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Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
20.
Beer
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Beer is the worlds oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink, it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, the fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect, although this is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Beer is sold in bottles and cans, it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs, the brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume, archaeologists speculate that beer was instrumental in the formation of civilisations. Approximately 5000 years ago, workers in the city of Uruk were paid by their employers in beer, the earliest known chemical evidence of barley beer dates to circa 3500–3100 BC from the site of Godin Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. The Ebla tablets, discovered in 1974 in Ebla, Syria, a fermented beverage using rice and fruit was made in China around 7000 BC. Unlike sake, mould was not used to saccharify the rice, almost any substance containing sugar can naturally undergo alcoholic fermentation. It is likely that many cultures, on observing that a liquid could be obtained from a source of starch. Bread and beer increased prosperity to a level that allowed time for development of other technologies, Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC, and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today, alongside the basic starch source, the early European beers might contain fruits, honey, numerous types of plants, spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs. What they did not contain was hops, as that was an addition, first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, the development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results. Today, the industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies. As of 2006, more than 133 billion litres, the equivalent of a cube 510 metres on a side, of beer are sold per year, the process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, a company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, however, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby
21.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
22.
Houston Astros
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The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros are members of the American League West division in Major League Baseball, the Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt. 45s and entered the National League in 1962 with the expansion New York Mets. The current name—reflecting Houstons role as the center of the U. S. space program—was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the worlds first domed sports stadium. The Astros played in the NL from 1962 to 2012 and they played in the West division from 1969 to 1993, and the Central division from 1994 to 2012. The Astros have played in one World Series in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox, from 1888 until 1961, Houstons professional baseball club was the minor league Houston Buffaloes. Although expansion from the National League eventually brought an MLB team to Texas in 1962, Houston officials had been making efforts to do so for years prior. There were four men responsible for bringing Major League Baseball to Houston, George Kirksey and Craig Cullinan. They formed the Houston Sports Association as their vehicle for attaining a big league franchise for the city of Houston and they called the new league the Continental League. Wanting to protect potential new markets, both existing leagues chose to expand from eight teams to ten, however, plans eventually fell through for the Houston franchise after the Houston Buffaloes owner, Marty Marion, could not come to an agreement with the HSA to sell the team. To make matters worse, the Continental League as a whole folded in August 1960, however, on October 17,1960, the National League granted an expansion franchise to the Houston Sports Association in which their team could begin play in the 1962 season. Eventually, the Houston Sports Association succeeded in purchasing the Houston Buffaloes, at this point majority-owned by William Hopkins, the Buffs played one last minor league season as the top farm team of the Chicago Cubs in 1961 before being succeeded by the citys NL club. The new Houston team was named the Colt. 45s after a Name The Team contest was won by William Irving Neder, the Colt.45 was well known as the gun that won the west. The colors selected were blue and orange. The first team was formed mostly through a draft after the 1961 season. The Colt. 45s and their cousins, the New York Mets. Many of those associated with the Houston Buffaloes organization were allowed by the ownership to continue in the major league, Manager Harry Craft, who had joined Houston in 1961, remained in the same position for the team until the end of the 1964 season. General manager Spec Richardson also continued with the organization as business manager, similarly, the radio broadcasting team remained with the new Houston major league franchise
23.
World Series
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The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League champion team and the National League champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a playoff. As the series is played in October, during the season in North America. As of 2016, the World Series has been contested 112 times, with the AL winning 64, the 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs. Seven games were played, with the Cubs victorious after game seven, the final score was 8–7, the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6–6. This was the third World Series won by the Cubs, as well as their first title since 1908, in the National League, the St. As of 2016, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in 1998,1999, all championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, the number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884, to a high of fifteen in 1887. Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game, the series was promoted and referred to as The Championship of the United States, Worlds Championship Series, or Worlds Series for short. In his book Krakatoa, The Day the World Exploded, August 27,1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed. Until about 1960, some sources treated the 19th-century Series on a basis with the post-19th-century series. After about 1930, however, many authorities list the start of the World Series in 1903, following the collapse of the American Association after the 1891 season, the National League was again the only major league. The league championship was awarded in 1892 by a playoff between half-season champions and this scheme was abandoned after one season. Beginning in 1893—and continuing until divisional play was introduced in 1969—the pennant was awarded to the club in the standings at the end of the season. For four seasons, 1894–1897, the league played the runners-up in the post season championship series called the Temple Cup. A second attempt at this format was the Chronicle-Telegraph Cup series, in 1901, the American League was formed as a second major league. No championship series were played in 1901 or 1902 as the National and these series were arranged by the participating clubs, as the 1880s Worlds Series matches had been
24.
1982 World Series
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The 1982 World Series matched the St. Louis Cardinals against the Milwaukee Brewers, with the Cardinals winning in seven games. The Cardinals won the National League East division by three games over the Philadelphia Phillies, then defeated the Atlanta Braves by 3 games to none in the National League Championship Series. The Brewers won the American League East division by one game over the Baltimore Orioles, the 1982 World Series represented the last time that the National League won back-to-back World Series, they had, in fact, won four straight, starting in 1979. Though the teams had never met, the cities had an existing commercial rivalry in the beer market and this led to a few minor references to the Series being nicknamed the Suds Series. The cities previously had a rivalry in the National League when the Braves called Milwaukee home from 1953-65, notably, due to the Brewers move to the National League, this matchup at the World Series will not happen again. In 2011 the Cardinals and Brewers did meet for the National League Pennant, the 1982 Milwaukee Brewers hit 216 home runs during the regular season, thus earning them the nickname Harveys Wallbangers. In a sharp contrast, the 1982 St. Louis Cardinals only hit 67 home runs, fewer than Gorman Thomas 39 and this style would be the hallmark of the Cardinals through the 1980s and see them into two more World Series. The Brewers and Cardinals each boasted a dominant closer, with veteran Rollie Fingers holding the role for Milwaukee, Fingers did not pitch in this series, which would have been his fourth, due to tearing a muscle in his arm. The two teams had made a trade in December 1980 that was expected to both teams. Milwaukee traded pitchers Dave LaPoint and Lary Sorenson and outfielders Sixto Lezcano and David Green to the Cardinals, with Pete Vuckovich, the Cardinals built their team on speed, clutch hitting and pitching. The Cardinals made additional trades for Willie McGee, Ozzie Smith, George Hendrick, Joaquín Andújar and Bruce Sutter, the Brewers combined a productive farm system with additional trades as well to build their heavy hitting ball club. On June 1, with the team 23–24 and floundering in fifth place, the Brewers responded by winning at a.626 clip the rest of the way, taking first place for good on July 31 and never looking back. NL St. Louis Cardinals vs. AL Milwaukee Brewers The Brewers left-hander Mike Caldwell pitched a complete game shutout, the Brewers offense was led by Paul Molitor, who had a World Series-record five hits and two RBIs. Robin Yount added four hits and two RBIs, while former Cardinal Ted Simmons homered and Jim Gantner had a two-run triple and this was their last post-season win on the road until October 13,2011, also against the St. Louis Cardinals. The Brew Crew drew first blood in the second with an RBI double by Charlie Moore and they followed that in the third when Paul Molitor singled, stole second, went to third on a wild pitch by Cardinals starter John Stuper, and scored on a Robin Yount groundout. Ted Simmons stretched the lead to 3–0 with his solo homer in two games. The Cardinals scratched back in their half of the third when rookie Willie McGee singled, stole second, ken Oberkfell singled in Herr to cut the Brewer lead to 3–2. The Brewers made it 4–2 in the fifth when Yount doubled, Darrell Porter tied it in the sixth by doubling in two runs
2018 Milwaukee Brewers season
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