Mindanao, or still known as Southern Philippines, is the second-largest island in the Philippines. Mindanao and the smaller islands surrounding it make up the island group of the same name. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, as of the 2010 census, the main island was inhabited by 20,281,545 people, while the entire Mindanao island group had an estimated total of 25,537,691 residents. According to the 2015 Philippine Population Census, Davao City is the most populous city on the island, with a population of 1,632,991 residents, followed by Zamboanga City, Cagayan de Oro City, General Santos City, Iligan City, Butuan City and Cotabato City. About 70% of residents identify as Christian, 20% identify as Muslim. Mindanao is divided into six administrative regions: the Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, the Caraga region, the Davao region and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Native ethnic groups in Mindanao include the Moros. Joining them are the indigenous Visayan groups in coastal areas like the Butuanons and Kagay-anons of Northern Mindanao and the Caraga region as well as the Zamboangueños of the eponymous peninsula, along with descendants of modern settlers from the Visayas and Luzon, among them the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons.

Mindanao is considered the major breadbasket of the Philippines, with eight of the top 10 agri-commodities exported from the Philippines coming from the island group itself. Mindanao is known for its moniker being The Philippines' Land of Promise; the name "Mindanao" is derived from the Spanish corruption of the name of the Maguindanao people, the dominant ruling ethnic group in the Sultanate of Maguindanao in southwestern Mindanao during the Spanish colonial period. The name itself means "people of the lake", though it is translated to "people of the flood plains" in modern sources. Archaeological findings on the island point to evidence of human activity dating back to about ten thousand years ago. At around 1500 BC Austronesian people spread throughout the Philippines; the Subanon are believed to have established themselves on Mindanao Island during the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, the period in the development of human technology beginning around 10,000 BC according to the ASPRO chronology.

The evidence of old stone tools in Zamboanga del Norte may indicate a late Neolithic presence. Ceramic burial jars, both unglazed and glazed, as well as Chinese celadons, have been found in caves, together with shell bracelets and gold ornaments. Many of the ceramic objects are from the Ming periods. Evidently, there was a long history of trade between the Subanon and the Chinese long before the latter's contact with Islam. In the classic epoch of Philippine history, the people of Mindanao were exposed to Hindu and Buddhist influence and beliefs from Indonesia and Malaysia. Indianized abugida scripts such as Kawi and Baybayin was introduced via Sulawesi and Java, the cultural icons of the sarong, the pudong turban and batik and ikat weaving and dyeing methods were introduced. Artifacts found from this era include the Golden kinnara, Golden Tara, the Ganesh pendant; these cultural traits passed from Mindanao into the Visayas and Luzon, but were subsequently lost or modified after the Spanish arrival in the 16th century.

The Hindu-Buddhist cultural revolution was strongest in the coastal areas of the island, but were incorporated into local animist beliefs and customs tribes that resided more inland. The Rajahnate of Butuan, a Hindu kingdom mentioned in Chinese records as a tributary state in the 10th century AD, was concentrated along the northeastern coast of the island around Butuan; the Darangen epic of the Maranao people harkens back to this era as the most complete local version of the Ramayana. The Maguindanao at this time had strong Hindu beliefs, evidenced by the Ladya Lawana epic saga that survives to the modern day, albeit Islamized from the 17th century on wards; the spread of Islam in the Philippines began in the 14th century by Muslim merchants from the western part of the Malay Archipelago. The first Mosque in the Philippines was built in the mid-14th century in the town of Simunul, Tawi-Tawi. Around the 16th century, the Muslim sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao were established from Hindu-Buddhist Rajahnates.

As Islam gained a foothold over Mindanao, the natives residing within the Sultanates were either converted into Islam or obligated to pay tribute to their new Muslim rulers. The largest of the Muslim polities in mainland Mindanao was the Sultanate of Maguindanao which controlled the southern floodplains of the Rio Grande de Mindanao and most of the coastal area of the Illana Bay and the Moro Gulf; the name Mindanao was derived from this Sultanate. However, most of Mindanao remained animist the Lumad people living in the interior regions. Most of the northern and southern coastal regions inhabited by Visayans (S

King Levinsky known as Kingfish Levinsky, was an American heavyweight boxer who fought during the 1930s. He was born Harris Kraków and was a member of the Kraków fish-selling family of Maxwell Street, in Chicago's old Jewish ghetto, he has a living great-grandchild by the name of Noah Levinsky, a prolific drag queen in the Boston area. Levinsky was a rated heavyweight whose biggest wins came against ex-heavyweight champion Jack Sharkey on a 10-round decision, ex-lightheavyweight champion Tommy Loughran on a decision, he was defeated twice by Primo Carnera, lost to Max Baer. Although he never fought for the title, Levinsky faced all of the top fighters of his era. Levinsky is best remembered for "freezing" in his fight with Joe Louis, who knocked him out in the first round. On February 18, 1931, Levinsky fought a 4-round exhibition with Jack Dempsey. Dempsey was contemplating a comeback; the Levinsky fight convinced him. A May 1932 Time Magazine article stated: "If you defined the efficiency of a prize-fighter by his ability in the ring, Harry Krakow would not rate better than tenth among U. S. heavyweights.

Last year he had 15 fights, won only eight. If you defined efficiency as a fighter's ability to earn money at his trade, Kingfish Levinsky might rank as best fighter in the U. S. In the last 15 months, gates at his fights with Slattery, Camera, Paulino and an exhibition bout against Jack Dempsey have amounted to $254,124.68. He may this year earn more than Schmeling, Dempsey, Camera or Schaaf. Kingfish Levinsky's earning power is due to an engaging slapstick manner in the ring, an engaging entourage.... It is due to the fact that most of Levinsky's fights have been in Chicago, where everyone knows that he grew up on the West Side and entered the fish-peddling business with a pushcart on Maxwell Street."For a portion of his career, Levinsky was managed by his sister Lena Levy. Known as "Leapin Lena", she was a colorful character who swore like a sailor, rooted loudly for her brother during his bouts. Esquire magazine, in its February 1939 issue, included an article profiling his new career as a professional wrestler.

Some remember Levinsky as the punch drunk old ex-prizefighter selling ties and watches in front of his sister's fish market on Maxwell Street in Chicago and on the streets of Miami Beach, Florida. Levinsky was married to fan dancer Roxana Sand for just over a month in 1934. Professional boxing record for King Levinsky from BoxRec

Il Commissario Pepe or Police Chief Pepe is a 1969 Italian comedy – drama film directed by Ettore Scola. It is based on a Ugo Facco De La Garda's novel. Filmed in Vicenza, the city is never mentioned. Ugo Tognazzi was named Best Actor at Mar del Plata Film Festival. Antonio Pepe is the Chief Police Inspector of a provincial small city in North of Italy, he is forced to investigate the sexual life of the citizens to the local high society members. Ugo Tognazzi as Antonio Pepe Giuseppe Maffioli as Nicola Parigi Silvia Dionisio as Silvia Tano Cimarosa as Agent Cariddi Marianne Comtell as Matilde Carroni Dana Ghia as Sister Clementina Elsa Vazzoler as Old Prostitute Véronique Vendell as Maristella Diotallevi Rita Calderoni as Clara Cerveteri Virgilio Scapin as Count Lancillotto Elena Persiani as Marquise Norma Zaccarin Gino Santercole as Oreste Pippo Starnazza as The Drunkard Il Commisario Pepe on IMDb