1.
Penny Mordaunt
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Penelope Mary Mordaunt is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth North since winning the seat at the 2010 United Kingdom general election. Mordaunt was born in Torquay, Devon and studied philosophy at the University of Reading, before entering Parliament, she worked in business and communications, working in the private, public and charitable sectors, including as communications director for Kensington and Chelsea Council. She is currently the female who is a Royal Naval Reservist in the House of Commons. Mordaunt was appointed as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Communities, in May 2015 Prime Minister David Cameron appointed her Minister of State for the Armed Forces at the MoD, the first woman to take this post. In July 2016, the new Prime Minister Theresa May appointed her to a newly created Minister of State position at the Department for Work, the daughter of a former paratrooper, one of twins born in Torquay, Devon, Mordaunt was named after the Leander-class frigate HMS Penelope. Her father, who had born in Hilsea barracks, had left the Parachute Regiment. He taught in Torquay before the family moved to Portsmouth in 1975 and he taught at Oak Park school and later became a youth worker for Hampshire Council. Her mother was a special teacher at several Purbrook schools. Mordaunt has two brothers, James, and a brother, Edward. She is a descendant of Philip Snowden, the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mordaunt was educated at Oaklands Roman Catholic Comprehensive School, Waterlooville, Hampshire, and studied drama at the Victoryland Theatre School. When Mordaunt was 15, her mother died of breast cancer, mordaunts twin brother left school, whilst she became carer to Edward. The following year her father was diagnosed cancer, and survived. To pay her way through college, Mordaunt became a magicians assistant to Portsmouth magician Will Ayling. She has attributed her interest in politics to her experiences working in hospitals and orphanages of post-revolutionary Romania in her gap year and she read philosophy at the University of Reading, becoming the first member of her family to attend university. After leaving university, Mordaunt began a career in business and communications, working in the private, public. In 2006 Mordaunt became Director of Diabetes UK – the largest patient organisation in Europe, Mordaunt has also worked with several high-profile politicians. Under Prime Minister John Major she was Head of Youth for the Conservative Party, in 2000, she was Head of Foreign Press for George W. Bushs presidential campaign, and she worked for the Bush campaign again in 2004. After the 2005 election she worked as chief of staff for David Willetss aborted leadership campaign, in November 2003, Mordaunt was selected as Conservative candidate to contest Portsmouth North in the 2005 general election
2.
Government Equalities Office
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The Government Equalities Office is part of the Department for Education of HM Government. It was created in October 2007 when the Women and Equality Unit, based within the Department for Communities, the department was subsequently merged into the Home Office, before transferring to the DCMS on 4 September 2012 following a Cabinet reshuffle. In July 2014, it was transferred to the Department for Education in that Cabinet reshuffle and it has lead responsibility for gender equality within the UK government, together with a responsibility to provide advice on all other forms of equality to other UK government departments. The day-to-day responsibility for policy on these issues was not transferred to GEO when it was created, the Equalities Office currently leads the Discrimination Law Review, which developed the Equality Act 2010 that replaced previous anti-discrimination legislation. The Government Equalities Office Ministers are as follows, The budget for the Equalities Office reached £76 million in 2010-11, following the spending review this is set to decrease each year, to £47.1 million in 2014-15. In June 2011 it emerged that female staff at the Equalities Office received 7. 7% more pay then males on average, the information came to light following a Freedom of Information request by MP Dominic Raab. The enquiry also revealed that almost two thirds of the departments 107 staff were female, the differences between the genders became marked from 2008 under the leadership of Harriet Harman with the pay gap almost doubling from that time and six out of seven new jobs going to women
3.
Elizabeth II
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Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
4.
Harriet Harman
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Born in London to physician John B. Harman and his wife Anna, a solicitor, Harriet Harman attended St Pauls Girls School and obtained a BA in Politics from Goodricke College, University of York. She qualified as a solicitor and worked for Brent Law Centre from 1978 to 1982, under Blair, Labour won the 1997 general election, he became Prime Minister and Harman was re-elected for the new constituency of Camberwell and Peckham. Blair appointed her Secretary of State for Social Security and the first ever Minister for Women, serving until 1998, in 2001, she was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, serving until 2005 when she became Minister of State for Constitutional Affairs. In 2007, Blair resigned as Prime Minister and John Prescott resigned as Deputy Prime Minister, Harman ran in the subsequent deputy leadership election and defeated five other candidates, ultimately winning over Secretary of State for Health Alan Johnson by 50. 43% to 49. 56%. Gordon Brown, who was elected Leader, appointed Harman Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal, Minister for Women and Equality, however she was not appointed Deputy Prime Minister. She held all of government positions until Labour lost the 2010 general election. On defeat, Brown resigned as Leader and Harman became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition until Ed Miliband was elected leader, after Labours defeat in the 2015 general election, Miliband resigned as Leader and Harman once again became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition. She announced that she would resign as Deputy Leader, prompting a concurrent deputy leadership election. Harman holds the record as the longest-ever continuously-serving female MP in the House of Commons and she is married to former trade union leader Jack Dromey, who became Treasurer of the Labour Party in 2004 and MP for Birmingham Erdington in 2010. They have two sons and a daughter, Harman was born Harriet Ruth Harman at 108 Harley Street in London, to Anna Harman, a solicitor, married to a Harley Street physician John Bishop Harman. Her parents each had non-conformist backgrounds – her grandfather, an ophthalmic surgeon Nathaniel Bishop Harman, was a prominent Unitarian and her aunt was Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, and her cousins include writers Lady Antonia Fraser, Rachel Billington, and Thomas Pakenham. Harman is a niece of Joseph Chamberlain and is also related to Richard Chamberlain. Harman attended a public school, St Pauls Girls School. During her time at York, she was a member of Goodricke College and was involved with student politics. In 2017, she claimed that her tutor at York told her that she would get a 2,1 degree if she had sex with him, after York, Harman went on to qualify as a solicitor. Harman worked for Brent Law Centre in London, between 1978 and 1982, Harman was employed as a legal officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties. In this capacity, and just before becoming MP for Peckham in a by-election in 1982, Harman subsequently took the case to the European Court of Human Rights, successfully arguing that the prosecution had breached her right to freedom of expression
5.
Department for Education
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The Department for Education is a department of Her Majestys Government responsible for child protection, education, apprenticeships and wider skills in England. The DfE is also responsible for women and equalities policy, the DfE was formed on 12 May 2010 by the incoming Cameron ministry, taking on the responsibilities and resources of the Department for Children, Schools and Families. In July 2016, the Department took over responsibilities for higher and further education and for apprenticeship from the dissolved Department for Business, Innovation, the Permanent Secretary is Jonathan Slater. DfE is responsible for education, children’s services, higher and further education policy, apprenticeships and wider skills in England, and equalities. The predecessor department employed the equivalent of 2,695 staff as of April 2008 and as at June 2016, in 2015-16, the DfE has a budget of £58. 2bn, which includes £53. 6bn resource spending and £4. 6bn of capital investments. The EFA was formed on 1 April 2012 by bringing together the functions of two non-departmental public bodies, the Young Peoples Learning Agency and Partnerships for Schools and it was established on 1 April 2013, when the Teaching Agency merged with the National College for School Leadership. The Skills Funding Agency is responsible for funding skills training for further education in England, as well as running the National Apprenticeship Service, the SFA was formed on 1 April 2010, following the closure of the Learning and Skills Council. It shares a Chief Executive, Peter Lauener, and Chief Financial Officer with the Education Funding Agency, the Standards and Testing Agency is responsible for developing and delivering all statutory assessments for school pupils in England. It was formed on 1 October 2011 and took over the functions of the Qualifications, the STA is regulated by the examinations regulator, Ofqual. The DfE is also supported by 10 public bodies, Education, youth, following Michael Goves speech in 2012, the subject of Information Communication Technology has been disapplied and replaced by Computing. With the new curriculum, materials have been written by companies, to support non-specialist teachers. The Computing at Schools organisation has created a Network of Teaching Excellence to support schools with the new curriculum, deflecting European Union influence on national education policy-making, the case of the United Kingdom. Official website Official department YouTube channel Official Flickr presence
6.
Tony Blair
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Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and the Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. From 1983 to 2007, Blair was the MP for Sedgefield, under Blairs leadership, the party used the phrase New Labour, to distance it from previous Labour policies and the traditional conception of socialism. Critics of Blair denounced him for having the Labour Party abandon genuine socialism, in May 1997, the Labour Party won a landslide general election victory, the largest in its history, allowing Blair, at 43 years old, to become the youngest Prime Minister since 1812. In September 1997, Blair attained early personal popularity, receiving a 93% public approval rating, the Labour Party went on to win two more elections under his leadership, in 2001, in which it won another landslide victory, and in 2005, with a reduced majority. In the first years of the New Labour government, Blairs government introduced the National Minimum Wage Act, Human Rights Act, Blairs government also devolved power, establishing the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly. In Northern Ireland, Blair was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, Blair has faced strong criticism for his role in the invasion of Iraq, including calls for having him tried for war crimes and waging a war of aggression. In 2016, the Iraq Inquiry strongly criticised his actions and described the invasion of Iraq as unjustified, Blair also intervened militarily in Kosovo and Sierra Leone. Blair was succeeded as the leader of the Labour Party and as Prime Minister by Gordon Brown in June 2007. On the day that Blair resigned as Prime Minister, he was appointed the official Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East and he now runs a consultancy business and has set up various foundations in his own name, including the Tony Blair Faith Foundation. Anthony Charles Lynton Blair was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 6 May 1953 and he was the second son of Leo and Hazel Blair. Leo Blair was the son of two entertainers and adopted as a baby by Glasgow shipyard worker James Blair and his wife. Hazel Corscadden was the daughter of George Corscadden, a butcher, in 1923 he returned to Ballyshannon, County Donegal. In Ballyshannon Corscaddens wife, Sarah Margaret, gave birth above the grocery shop to Blairs mother. Blair has one brother, Sir William Blair, a High Court judge. Blairs first home was with his family at Paisley Terrace in the Willowbrae area of Edinburgh, during this period, his father worked as a junior tax inspector whilst also studying for a law degree from the University of Edinburgh. Blairs first relocation was when he was 19 months old, at the end of 1954 Blairs parents and their two sons moved from Paisley Terrace to Adelaide, South Australia. His father lectured in law at the University of Adelaide and it was when in Australia that Blairs sister Sarah was born. The Blairs lived in the suburb of Dulwich close to the university, the family returned to the UK in summer 1958
7.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majestys Government in the United Kingdom. The prime minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party, the office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current prime minister, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016. The position of Prime Minister was not created, it evolved slowly and erratically over three hundred years due to acts of Parliament, political developments, and accidents of history. The office is therefore best understood from a historical perspective, the origins of the position are found in constitutional changes that occurred during the Revolutionary Settlement and the resulting shift of political power from the Sovereign to Parliament. The political position of Prime Minister was enhanced by the development of political parties, the introduction of mass communication. By the start of the 20th century the modern premiership had emerged, prior to 1902, the prime minister sometimes came from the House of Lords, provided that his government could form a majority in the Commons. However as the power of the aristocracy waned during the 19th century the convention developed that the Prime Minister should always sit in the lower house. As leader of the House of Commons, the Prime Ministers authority was further enhanced by the Parliament Act of 1911 which marginalised the influence of the House of Lords in the law-making process. The Prime Minister is ex officio also First Lord of the Treasury, certain privileges, such as residency of 10 Downing Street, are accorded to Prime Ministers by virtue of their position as First Lord of the Treasury. As the Head of Her Majestys Government the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet, in addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons. As such the incumbent wields both legislative and executive powers, under the British system there is a unity of powers rather than separation. In the House of Commons, the Prime Minister guides the process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party. The Prime Minister also acts as the face and voice of Her Majestys Government. The British system of government is based on an uncodified constitution, in 1928, Prime Minister H. H. Asquith described this characteristic of the British constitution in his memoirs, In this country we live. Our constitutional practices do not derive their validity and sanction from any Bill which has received the assent of the King, Lords. They rest on usage, custom, convention, often of slow growth in their early stages, not always uniform, the relationships between the Prime Minister and the Sovereign, Parliament and Cabinet are defined largely by these unwritten conventions of the constitution. Many of the Prime Ministers executive and legislative powers are actually royal prerogatives which are still vested in the Sovereign
8.
Cabinet Office
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The Cabinet Office is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for supporting the Prime Minister and Cabinet of the United Kingdom. It is composed of units that support Cabinet committees and which co-ordinate the delivery of government objectives via other departments. It currently has just over 2,000 staff, most of work in Whitehall. Staff working in the Prime Ministers Office are part of the Cabinet Office and this also includes working with the Treasury to drive efficiency and reform across the public sector. Other functions include oversight of the Crown Commercial Service and the accreditation of Social Impact Contractors, the department was formed in December 1916 from the secretariat of the Committee of Imperial Defence under Sir Maurice Hankey, the first Cabinet Secretary. Traditionally the most important part of the Cabinet Offices role was facilitating collective decision-making by the Cabinet and it also contains miscellaneous units that do not sit well in other departments. For example, The Historical Section was founded in 1906 as part of the Committee for Imperial Defence and is concerned with Official Histories, the Joint Intelligence Committee was founded in 1936 and transferred to the department in 1957. It deals with intelligence assessments and directing the national organisations of the UK. The Ceremonial Branch was founded in 1937 and transferred to the department in 1981 and it was originally concerned with all ceremonial functions of state, but today it handles honours and appointments. In modern times the Cabinet Office often takes on responsibility for areas of policy that are the priority of the Government of the time, the units that administer these areas migrate in and out of the Cabinet Office as government priorities change. The Cabinet Office Ministers are as follows, All of the Cabinet Offices ministers are Cabinet members, the Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Home Civil Service is Sir Jeremy Heywood, the Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive of the Home Civil Service is John Manzoni. The Cabinet Office also supports the work of, the Leader of the House of Commons, the Leader of the House of Lords, and the Whips Office. Cabinet Committees have two key purposes, To relieve the burden on the Cabinet by dealing with business that does not need to be discussed at full Cabinet. Appeals to the Cabinet should be infrequent, and Ministers chairing Cabinet Committees should exercise discretion in advising the Prime Minister whether to allow them. To support the principle of responsibility by ensuring that, even though a question may never reach the Cabinet itself. In this way, the judgement is sufficiently authoritative that Government as a whole can be expected to accept responsibility for it. In this sense, Cabinet Committee decisions have the authority as Cabinet decisions. The main building of the Cabinet Office is at 70 Whitehall, remains of Henry VIIIs tennis courts from the Palace of Whitehall can be seen within the building
9.
United Kingdom cabinet committee
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The British government is directed by the Cabinet, a group of senior government ministers led by the Prime Minister. Most of the work of the Cabinet is carried out by Cabinet committees. Each committee has its own area of responsibility, and their decisions are binding on the entire Cabinet, the details of the committee structure and membership are at the discretion of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is free to reorganize committees and their responsibilities however he or she wishes, the sole limitation is the requirement that Cabinet ministers must be sworn members of the Privy Council, since the Cabinet itself is a sub committee of the Privy Council. These and many committees are standing committees, which have a broad remit, others are ad hoc committees. Ad hoc committees are rarer now than throughout most of the twentieth century, many matters are now expected to be resolved bilaterally between departments, or through more informal discussion, rather than requiring the formation of a committee. The 2015 government introduced Implementation Taskforces to address specific cross-cutting priorities and these are to report to the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and Cabinet approval is still required if collective agreement is needed. Committee membership is limited to ministers, but non-ministers may attend in some cases, in particular, the National Security Council is routinely attended by senior military, intelligence and security officials. Members of the Prime Ministers office - including the Prime Minister himself - may attend any committee, the Prime Ministers attendance does not mean that he will chair the committee, despite being the most senior Cabinet member present, though he may choose to do so. In the 2010 coalition government, each Cabinet committee included members of both the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats, furthermore, the general pattern was for committees to have a Chair and a Deputy Chair, one from each party. There was a Coalition Committee, and a working group, to handle appeals over coalition disputes. Former committees with non-ministers as full members include the Economic Advisory Council, whose membership was made up of a combination of ministers and experts in economics. The Committee of Imperial Defence, a parallel Cabinet for military policy which existed from 1904 until 1939, included ministers, heads of the armed services, and civil servants. Between 1997 and 2001, there was a Ministerial Consultative Committee with the Liberal Democratic Party which included senior Liberal Democrats as well as Labour ministers, until 1992, the list of cabinet committees, their membership, and their terms of reference were secret, with rare exceptions. The existence and membership of the Defence and Overseas Policy Committee was announced in 1963, margaret Thatcher confirmed the continuing existence of this committee in the House of Commons in 1979, along with standing committees for Economic Strategy, Home and Social Affairs, and Legislation. Whether decisions were made by the entire Cabinet, or by a committee, is not revealed at present, Cabinet committees are shadowed by official committees made up of civil servants from the relevant departments. Official committees follow a thirty-year secrecy rule with respect to their existence, most committees exist for the coordination of policy in some specific area. Some committees, however, have a role in managing government business
10.
Gordon Brown
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James Gordon Brown is a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010. He previously served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Blair Government from 1997 to 2007, Brown was a Member of Parliament from 1983 to 2015, first for Dunfermline East and later for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. A doctoral graduate of the University of Edinburgh, Brown spent his career working as both a lecturer at a further education college and a television journalist. He entered Parliament in 1983 as the MP for Dunfermline East and he joined the Shadow Cabinet in 1989 as Shadow Secretary of State for Trade, and was later promoted to become Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1992. After Labours victory in 1997, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 2007, Tony Blair resigned as Prime Minister and Labour Leader and Brown was chosen to replace him in an uncontested election. Brown remained in office as Labour negotiated to form a government with the Liberal Democrats. On 10 May 2010, Brown announced he would stand down as leader of the Labour Party, Labours attempts to retain power failed and on 11 May, he officially resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by David Cameron, and as Leader of the Labour Party by Ed Miliband, later, Brown played a prominent role in the campaign surrounding the Scottish independence referendum of 2014, galvanising support behind maintaining the union. Brown was born at the Orchard Maternity Nursing Home in Giffnock, Renfrewshire and his father was John Ebenezer Brown, a minister of the Church of Scotland and a strong influence on Brown. He died in December 1998, aged 84 and his mother, Jessie Elizabeth Brown, known as Bunty, died on 19 September 2004, aged 86. She was the daughter of John Souter, a timber merchant, the family moved to Kirkcaldy – then the largest town in Fife, across the Firth of Forth from Edinburgh – when Gordon was three. Brown was brought up there with his elder brother John and younger brother Andrew Brown in a manse, in common with many other notable Scots, he is therefore often referred to as a son of the manse. At age sixteen he wrote that he loathed and resented this ludicrous experiment on young lives and he was accepted by the University of Edinburgh to study history at the same early age of sixteen. During an end-of-term rugby union match at his old school, he received a kick to the head and this left him blind in his left eye, despite treatment including several operations and weeks spent lying in a darkened room. Later at Edinburgh, while playing tennis, he noticed the symptoms in his right eye. Brown underwent experimental surgery at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and his eye was saved. In his youth at the University of Edinburgh, Brown was involved in a relationship with Margarita. Margarita said about it, It was a solid and romantic story
11.
David Cameron
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David William Donald Cameron is a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016. He served as the Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016 and was Member of Parliament for Witney from 2001 to 2016, Cameron identifies as a One-Nation Conservative, and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies. Born in London to wealthy upper middle-class parents, Cameron was educated at Heatherdown School, Eton College, from 1988 to 1993 he worked at the Conservative Research Department, assisting the Conservative Prime Minister John Major, before leaving politics to work for Carlton Communications in 1994. Becoming an MP in 2001, he served in the shadow cabinet under Conservative leader Michael Howard. Cameron sought to rebrand the Conservatives, embracing an increasingly liberal position. The 2010 general election led to Cameron becoming Prime Minister as the head of a government with the Liberal Democrats. His administration introduced large-scale changes to welfare, immigration policy, education and it privatised the Royal Mail and some other state assets, and legalised same-sex marriage. When the Conservatives secured a majority in the 2015 general election he remained as Prime Minister. To fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a referendum on the UKs continuing membership of the EU, Cameron supported continued membership, following the success of the Leave vote, he resigned to make way for a new Prime Minister and was succeeded by Theresa May. Cameron has been praised for modernising the Conservative Party and for decreasing the United Kingdoms national deficit, conversely, he has been criticised by figures on both the left and right, and has been accused of political opportunism and elitism. Cameron is the son of Ian Donald Cameron a stockbroker, and his wife Mary Fleur, a retired Justice of the Peace. Camerons parents were married on 20 October 1962, the journalist Toby Young has described Camerons background as being upper-upper-middle class. Cameron was born in Marylebone, London, and raised in Peasemore, Berkshire and he has a brother, Alexander Cameron, QC, a barrister, and two sisters, Tania Rachel and Clare Louise. Blairmore was built by Camerons great-great-grandfather, Alexander Geddes, who had made a fortune in the trade in Chicago, Illinois. Blairmore was sold soon after Ians birth, Cameron has said, On my mothers side of the family, her mother was a Llewellyn, so Welsh. Im a real mixture of Scottish, Welsh, and English and he has also referenced the German Jewish ancestry of one of his great-grandfathers, Arthur Levita, a descendant of the Yiddish author Elia Levita. From the age of seven, Cameron was educated at two independent schools, at Heatherdown School in Winkfield in Berkshire, which counts Prince Andrew, owing to good grades, Cameron entered its top academic class almost two years early. At the age of thirteen, he went on to Eton College in Berkshire and his early interest was in art
12.
Justine Greening
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Justine Greening PC MP is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as Secretary of State for Education since 2016 and has been the Member of Parliament for Putney since 2005. In 2013, she was listed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Womans Hour on BBC Radio 4, Greening was first elected as a member of parliament at the 2005 general election. She was appointed Economic Secretary to the Treasury in May 2010, in September 2012, she was replaced by Patrick McLoughlin at the Department for Transport, and became Secretary of State for International Development. On 14 July 2016, she replaced Nicky Morgan as Secretary of State for Education in Theresa Mays first government, Greening was born in Rotherham, where she attended Oakwood Comprehensive School. She is a graduate of the University of Southampton, where she studied Economics, before entering parliament, she trained and qualified as an accountant, before working as an accountant/finance manager for, amongst others, Price Waterhouse Coopers, GlaxoSmithKline and Centrica. Greening contested the constituency of Ealing, Acton & Shepherds Bush in 2001 and she won the seat of Putney in the 2005 general election on 5 May 2005. Greening won 15,497 votes giving her a majority of 1,766 and she unseated Tony Colman, who had held the seat for Labour since defeating David Mellor in 1997. She was the youngest female Conservative MP in the House of Commons until Chloe Smith was elected to Parliament on 12 October 2009. Greening was appointed a vice-chair of the Conservative Party on 15 December 2005, having earlier that year appointed an member of the Work. In July 2007 following a shadow ministerial reshuffle, she was promoted to be a Junior Shadow Minister for The Treasury, within this brief, she focussed on transport and local community benefits. In March 2010 she was put in charge of co-ordinating the Conservative campaign for the 2010 general election in London and she became Economic Secretary to the Treasury. In October 2011 she was appointed Secretary of State for Transport and was sworn of the Privy Council, Greening represents the London constituency of Putney and had always campaigned against a third runway at Heathrow Airport. In the run up to the 2012 Cabinet reshuffle Greening said it would be difficult to serve in a Cabinet which was in favour of a third runway. On 4 September 2012 she was replaced by Patrick McLoughlin at the Department for Transport, the move was attacked by Boris Johnson. As Secretary of State for International Development, Greening became a member of the National Security Council, Greening failed to vote in a critical parliamentary division about military action in Syria. Although in the Houses of Parliament at the time, she was chatting to another Minister in a room behind the House of Commons. Greening was appointed Secretary of State for Education by Theresa May on 14 July 2016, in June 2016, Greening revealed on Twitter that she was in a happy same-sex relationship. Referring to the EU membership referendum, she added, I campaigned for Stronger In but sometimes youre better off out. dft. gov. uk Debretts People of Today
13.
Nicky Morgan
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She was removed from these positions on 14 July 2016. She previously served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from October 2013 to April 2014, Morgan was born in Kingston upon Thames, London. She grew up in Surbiton and attended Surbiton High School before studying jurisprudence at St Hughs College and she was also involved in the Oxford Union society. She was elected treasurer, but failed in her bid for its presidency, Morgan joined the Conservative Party in 1989 and was the chair of Wessex Young Conservatives from 1995 to 1997 and vice-chair of Battersea Conservatives from 1997 to 1999. She unsuccessfully contested the Islington South and Finsbury constituency in the 2001 general election, Morgan was reselected for the Loughborough seat in 2006. In the 2010 general election, Morgan was elected as the MP for Loughborough on a swing of 5. 5% with a majority of 3,744 votes and she made her maiden speech in a debate on Economic Affairs and Work and Pensions on 8 June 2010. She was appointed assistant whip in September 2012, and Economic Secretary to the Treasury on 7 October 2013, in 2013, Morgan voted against the introduction of same-sex marriage in England and Wales, arguing that marriage could only be between a man and a woman. Following the resignation of Maria Miller from the Cabinet, she became Minister for Women on 9 April 2014 and was appointed a Privy Councillor, however, the equalities brief went to Sajid Javid, the culture secretary. The separation of the portfolio was seen by some as a response to Morgans vote against the governments proposal to introduce legislation allowing same-sex marriages. This led to accusations that Morgan was merely minister for straight women, on her promotion, she retained her post as Minister for Women and also added the equalities brief to it, thus also becoming Minister for Women and Equalities. In October 2014, she clarified her views saying she had voted against gay marriage as she believed her constituents were opposed to it. However she would now support it and she wished supporters of same-sex marriage had been vocal about their position before vote in July last year. She expressed support for Irelands yes vote on marriage in May 2015. Morgan was appointed Secretary of State for Education in Prime Minister David Camerons reshuffle in July 2014, the report failed to find evidence that academies were undertaking competitive tendering or that they were being properly monitored by the Education Funding Agency. It also said that previous reports had also questioned the capability of the EFA to fund, Graham Stuart, chairman of the committee, acknowledged that there were loopholes but said the public needed to be sure that sponsors acted exclusively in the interests of their school. Following concerns from business leaders that children were leaving school without good teamwork skills, in December 2014, she announced £3.5 million of funding to promote the building of grit and resilience. Some schemes were likely to involve ex-servicemen teaching pupils – particularly those with behaviour problems – the importance of discipline, the Daily Telegraph reported potential concerns about maths, English and science being effectively downgraded. Morgan was removed from her position of Education Secretary on 14 July 2016 under the new Prime Minister Theresa May, Morgan had claimed that one third of children under the previous Labour government had left primary school unable to read or write
14.
Secretary of State for Education
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Her Majestys Principal Secretary of State for Education is the chief minister of the Department for Education in the United Kingdom government. The position was re-established on 12 May 2010, a committee of the Privy Council was appointed in 1839 to supervise the distribution of certain government grants in the education field. The members of the committee were the Lord President of the Council, the Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Treasury, from 1857 a vice-president was appointed who took responsibility for policy. On 1 April 1900, the Board of Education Act 1899 abolished the committee and instituted a new board, the Education Act 1944 replaced the Board of Education with a new Ministry of Education. The Department of Education and Science was created in 1964 with the merger of the offices of Minister of Education, in 1992 the responsibility for science was transferred to Cabinet Offices Office of Public Service, and the department was renamed Department of Education. As of 14 July 2016, the position is held by Justine Greening as her predesseccesor, in 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Colour key, Labour Labour Co-operative The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010. Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, colour key, Conservative Department for Education Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
15.
Theresa May
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Theresa Mary May is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party, having served as both since July 2016. She has been the Member of Parliament for Maidenhead since 1997, may identifies as a one-nation conservative and has been characterised as a liberal conservative. She is the second female Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader after Margaret Thatcher, the daughter of a vicar, May grew up in Oxfordshire. From 1977 until 1983, she worked for the Bank of England, after unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons in 1992 and 1994, she was elected as the MP for Maidenhead in the 1997 general election. She was also Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2002 to 2003, after the formation of a coalition government following the 2010 general election, May was appointed Home Secretary and Minister for Women and Equalities, giving up the latter role in 2012. Reappointed after the Conservative victory in the 2015 general election, she went on to become the longest-serving Home Secretary since James Chuter Ede over 60 years previously. She won the first and second ballot of Conservative MPs by a significant margin and was due to face a vote of Conservative Party members in a contest with Andrea Leadsom, leadsoms withdrawal from the election on 11 July led to Mays appointment as party leader the same day. She was appointed Prime Minister on 13 July, as Prime Minister, Mays focus has primarily been on withdrawing the UK from the European Union. Born on 1 October 1956 in Eastbourne, Sussex, May is the child of Zaidee Mary. Her father was a Church of England clergyman who was chaplain of an Eastbourne hospital and he later became vicar of Enstone with Heythrop and finally of St Marys at Wheatley, to the east of Oxford. Mays mother was a supporter of the Conservative Party. May was educated primarily in the sector but with a short spell at an independent Catholic school. She initially attended Heythrop Primary School, a school in Heythrop, followed by St. Julianas Convent School for Girls, a Roman Catholic independent school in Begbroke. At the age of 13, May won a place at the former Holton Park Girls Grammar School, during her time as a pupil, the Oxfordshire education system was reorganised and the school became the new Wheatley Park Comprehensive School. May then attended the University of Oxford where she read geography at St Hughs College, between 1977 and 1983 May worked at the Bank of England, and from 1985 to 1997 as a financial consultant and senior advisor in International Affairs at the Association for Payment Clearing Services. Both Mays parents died during this period, her father in a car accident in 1981, may served as a councillor for Durnsford ward on the London Borough of Merton from 1986 to 1994, where she was Chairman of Education and Deputy Group Leader and Housing Spokesman. May then stood at the 1994 Barking by-election, which was prompted by the death of Labour MP Jo Richardson. The seat had been held by Labour since it was created in 1945 and Labour candidate Margaret Hodge was expected to win easily
16.
Maria Miller
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Maria Frances Lewis Miller is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Basingstoke since 2005. She is the Chair of the Women and Equalities Select Committee and she was the Minister for Disabled People from 2010 to 2012, and from 2012 to 2014 a member of the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and Minister for Women and Equalities. Miller was forced to resign from the cabinet in April 2014 because she had over-claimed expenses, the daughter of John Lewis, she was born in Wolverhampton, but was brought up in Bridgend, South Wales. She was educated at the Brynteg Comprehensive School before reading Economics at the London School of Economics from where she graduated in 1985 and she joined Greys Advertising Ltd as an advertising executive, leaving in 1990 to become a marketing manager with Texaco. She rejoined Greys in 1994 and served for five years as a director, Miller joined the Conservative Party in 1983 and contested Wolverhampton North East at the 2001 general election but was defeated by the sitting Labour MP, Ken Purchase. She has served as the chairman of Wolverhampton North East Conservative Association since 2001 and she was chair of the Wimbledon Conservative Association for a year from 2002. In Parliament she served for a year from 2005 as a member of the Trade, later in 2005, David Cameron appointed her a spokesperson for the Shadow Education and Skills team. She was appointed Shadow Minister for Families in 2007, following the 2010 general election she was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State and Minister for Disabled People at the Department for Work and Pensions. On 4 September 2012, Miller was appointed Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and Minister for Women, in February 2013 she was assessed as the 17th most powerful woman in the United Kingdom by Womans Hour on BBC Radio 4. On 19 June 2015, she was returned unopposed to the chairmanship of the Women, Miller was opposed to Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum. She was subsequently reported to Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards John Lyon by MP John Mann, lyons term as commissioner finished at the end of the December, thus it would essentially be his successor, Kathryn Hudson, who undertook the investigation. He also noted how Miller struggled in an interview with the Evening Standard to explain why she stopped claiming in 2009, prime Minister David Cameron was satisfied with her excellent explanation. According to the paper, the pair issued a threat by reminding it of Millers role in enacting proposals in the Leveson report on press regulation. Downing Street denied that any threats were made, the newspaper later released the recording they had made of Hindleys call. Hudsons investigation lasted more than a year, and was handed in to the Commons Select Committee on Standards in February 2014, in it, the standards commissioner had concluded Miller had been in the wrong, and recommended she pay back £45,000. She made her Commons statement the day, the apology lasted just 32 seconds. Miller was believed to be the first serving minister to be forced to apologise for their misuse of expenses, David Cameron expressed his full, strong, very warm support for her. Unfortunately for Miller, the row did not die down, and her case was referred to the police by MP Thomas Docherty, alistair Graham described Millers intervention and threats as fairly exceptional, pretty shocking
17.
Financial Secretary to the Treasury
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Financial Secretary to the Treasury is a junior Ministerial post in the British Treasury. It is the 4th most significant Ministerial role within the Treasury after the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, and it is almost never a Cabinet office. The incumbent as of July 2016 is Jane Ellison, MP, the previous office holder was David Gauke, who was promoted to the position of Chief Secretary to the Treasury in July 2016. The first Junior Secretary to the Treasury is recorded as Thomas Harley who was appointed on 11 June 1711, the position has continued without any major interruption to the present day. The Junior Secretary however remained a substantive position working in the Treasury, while the exact date this change occurred is disputed it is agreed that by 1830 the distinction was complete. Notable former Financial Secretaries to the Treasury include Lord Frederick Cavendish, Austen Chamberlain, Stanley Baldwin, Enoch Powell, Nigel Lawson, the current responsibilities of the Financial Secretary to the Treasury include Departmental responsibility for the Office for National Statistics, and the Royal Mint. The Financial Secretary to the Treasury had Departmental responsibility for HM Customs & Excise until the merger with the Inland Revenue to form HM Revenue, ^ Between June 1917 and May 1919 Lever and Baldwin jointly held the position of Financial Secretary. Note 2. ^ As Baldwin was both Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer Joynson-Hicks was a member of the Cabinet, colour key, Conservative Labour Secretary to the Treasury British History Online List of Secretaries to the Treasury Treasury Ministerial responsibilities
18.
Sajid Javid
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Sajid Javid PC MP is a British Conservative Party politician and former managing director at Deutsche Bank. He has been the Member of Parliament for Bromsgrove since 2010 and he was Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills and President of the Board of Trade from 2015 to 2016. Javid was born in Rochdale, Lancashire, one of five sons of parents of Pakistani descent and his father was a bus driver. His family moved from Lancashire to Stapleton Road, Bristol, at Exeter he studied economics and politics and became a member of the Conservative Party. Javid joined Chase Manhattan Bank in New York City immediately after university, aged 25, he became the youngest vice-president in the history of the bank. He returned to London in 1997, and later joined Deutsche Bank as a director in 2000, in 2004 he became a managing director at Deutsche Bank and, one year later, global head of Emerging Markets Structuring. He left Deutsche Bank in 2009 to pursue a career in politics and his earnings at Deutsche Bank would have been roughly £3m a year at the time he left. Her resignation was confirmed in December 2009, after she attempted to withdraw it, in the election held on 6 May 2010, Javid received 22,558 votes, winning the seat by a majority of 11,308. Javid was also one of six new MPs profiled by the Financial Times, in October 2012, Iain Dale in The Daily Telegraph included Javid in his list of Top 100 most influential figures from the Right. Dale wrote, His fast rise up the pole into George Osbornes inner circle is not only proof of this mans ambition. Nicholas Watt in The Guardian has also suggested that Javid could rise to the top, a Conservative Home poll conducted in December 2014 marked Javid as the Conservative to Watch in 2015. The responses to the survey were tested against a control panel supplied by YouGov, in July 2014, Forbes magazine compared Sajid Javid to Barack Obama and suggested that Javid could become the next Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Javid was one of the first new MPs to become a Parliamentary Private Secretary and he remained in this position until 4 September 2012, when he joined Osbornes ministerial team as Economic Secretary to the Treasury. He was later promoted to Financial Secretary to the Treasury on 7 October 2013. At a Conservative Friends of Israel lunch in 2012, The Jewish Chronicle reported Javid as stating that if he had to leave Britain to live in the Middle East, only there, he said, would his children feel the warm embrace of freedom and liberty. This made him the first MP to have been elected in 2010 to join the Cabinet, shortly after his appointment, he was made a Privy Councillor. Javid defended media freedom and the right of the press to investigate wrongdoing by politicians, the public were right to judge her on how she responded, theres absolutely nothing wrong with that, he said. And the media … I dont think you can blame this on Leveson or the media or something and it was reported in May 2015 that in March Javid had opposed plans by Theresa May to give Ofcom counter-extremism powers to vet British television programmes before they were broadcast
19.
Nick Boles
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Nicholas Edward Coleridge Boles is a British Conservative Party politician who is the Member of Parliament for the Grantham and Stamford constituency in Lincolnshire. Boles served as Minister of State for Skills from 2014 to 2016, before entering Parliament he was a Westminster City councillor and the Director of Policy Exchange, a think tank based in Westminster. Boles is the son of Sir Jack Boles, the Head of the National Trust from 1975 to 1983, in 1995, he founded a small DIY supply business, Longwall Holdings Limited, where he is non-executive chairman, having served as the chief executive until 2000. In 1998, he was elected to Westminster City Council for the West End ward comprising Mayfair and he was chairman of the Housing Committee from 1999 to 2001, before stepping down in 2002. During much of time, Boles shared a flat with fellow Conservative activists Michael Gove. He and Gove, along with fellow MPs Ed Vaizey, David Cameron, George Osborne and he founded the think tank Policy Exchange in 2002 and served as the Director until leaving the organisation in 2007 to avoid a potential conflict of interest. Boles was the Conservative Party candidate for the Labour-held marginal seat of Hove for the May 2005 general election and he received some media attention during 2005 election by being an openly gay Conservative candidate for a winnable seat. However, Celia Barlow retained the seat for Labour, the share of the Conservative vote fell by two percent. He was a candidate in the Conservative primary for the London mayoral election,2008, in May 2008, he was appointed as the Chief of Staff for the new Conservative Mayor of London Boris Johnson for a period of three months. He was elected as member for Grantham and Stamford on 6 May 2010 with a majority of 14,826 votes and he was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Schools Minister, Nick Gibb in 2010. In August 2014 Boles was appointed Minister for Skills, which included responsibilities for education and construction, Boles is a member of the Cambridge-based think tank the Henry Jackson Society, which advocates a pro-active approach to the spread of democracy in the world. In 2012 Boles was listed as being a participant in that years Bilderberg Group meeting, Boles supported the Remain campaign in the European Union membership referendum in 2016. Boles is gay, and in May 2011, he entered a civil partnership and he is the brother-in-law of former Conservative MP Dudley Fishburn. In August 2012, he was criticised for claiming £678.80 in Parliamentary expenses for Hebrew lessons so that he could talk to his partner, on 26 October 2016, Boles announced that a cancerous tumour been had found in his head and he expected to undergo treatment soon. The following February, he took a trip out of hospital after a round of chemotherapy in order to vote for the governments bill on withdrawal from the European Union
20.
Secretary of State for Social Security
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Her Majestys Principal Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, or informally Work and Pensions Secretary is a post in the British Cabinet, responsible for the Department for Work and Pensions. It was created on 8 June 2001 by the merger of the Employment division of the Department for Education and Employment, the Ministry of Pensions was created in 1916 to handle the payment of war pensions to former members of the Armed Forces and their dependants. In 1944 a separate Ministry of National Insurance was formed, the two merged in 1953 as the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance, confusingly, the Secretary of State responsible for this Department was titled the Secretary of State for Social Services. The Department was de-merged in 1988, creating the separate Department of Health, colour key, Labour Conservative Liberal National Labour National Independent Posts of Minister of Pensions and Minister of National Insurance merged in 1953
21.
Joan Ruddock
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Dame Joan Mary Ruddock, DBE is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Lewisham Deptford from 1987 to 2015. Ruddock was Minister of State for Energy at the Department of Energy and she stood down at the 2015 General Election. Ruddock was educated at Pontypool Girls grammar school and at Imperial College London where she studied Botany, prior to her election to Parliament, she was chair of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, a UK pressure group, she resigned in 1985. Ruddock fought the safe Conservative seat of Newbury in 1979, coming third and she was elected for Lewisham Deptford in 1987, succeeding John Silkin. She was initially a member of the Campaign Group but resigned in 1988 in protest at Tony Benns decision to challenge Neil Kinnock for the leadership, during the government of Tony Blair, she briefly served as Minister for Women. In October 2008 she was transferred to the newly created Department of Energy and Climate Change, in the June 2009 reshuffle she was promoted to Minister of State level, with responsibility for energy policy, which she held until the fall of the Labour Government in 2010. During her time in parliament Ruddock was responsible for introducing two private members bills on fly tipping and ensuring local authorities provided doorstep recycling. She is an Honorary Fellow of Goldsmiths, University of London, an Honorary Fellow of Laban London and she was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2012 New Year Honours for public, ruddocks first husband, Professor Keith Ruddock, whom she married in 1963, died in a traffic accident in 1996, the couple had separated some years earlier. She is now married, since 2010, to the former Labour MP for Aberdeen North, Frank Doran
22.
Labour Party (UK)
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The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Labour later served in the coalition from 1940 to 1945. Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then James Callaghan. The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, beginning with a majority of 179. Having won 232 seats in the 2015 general election, the party is the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the party also organises in Northern Ireland, but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Labour Party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party, the first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. In the 1895 general election, the Independent Labour Party put up 28 candidates, Keir Hardie, the leader of the party, believed that to obtain success in parliamentary elections, it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. Hardies roots as a lay preacher contributed to an ethos in the party led to the comment by 1950s General Secretary Morgan Phillips that Socialism in Britain owed more to Methodism than Marx. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, the meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations—trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates. This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee, meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and it had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the task of keeping the various strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 Khaki election came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively, only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby. Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, the judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. In their first meeting after the election the groups Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name The Labour Party formally, the Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement, the Peoples History Museum in Manchester holds the minutes of the first Labour Party meeting in 1906 and has them on display in the Main Galleries. Also within the museum is the Labour History Archive and Study Centre, the governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation
23.
Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington
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Margaret Ann Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington, PC is a British politician for the Labour Party and former BBC television producer and presenter. Her father was James Callaghan, a Labour politician and Prime Minister, between 1965 and 1977 she held production posts within the BBC, working on current affairs and further education television programmes. She then became a journalist on the BBCs prestigious Panorama programme and she has a strong interest in health issues, notably as a campaigner on HIV and AIDS. She was a director of the National Aids Trust in 1987 and is also a patron of Help the Aged. Between 1994 and 1997, Baroness Jay was the Chairman of the charity Attend, in 2003, she was elected Vice-President of Attend. She was appointed a peer on 29 July 1992 with the title of Baroness Jay of Paddington, of Paddington in the City of Westminster. In association with the workers union, she led opposition to the liberalisation of Sunday trading hours. After her partys victory in 1997, she became Health Spokesman. From 1998 she was Leader of the House of Lords, playing a role in the major reform that led to the removal of most of its hereditary members. On 11 November 1999 the governments bill was given Royal Assent and more than 660 hereditary peers lost their right to sit. She retired from politics in 2001. Among numerous non-executive roles that she has taken on since retiring from politics and she is currently co-chair of the cross-party Iraq Commission which was established by the Foreign Policy Centre think-tank and Channel 4. Before her resignation, Jay gave an interview in which she said she attended a pretty standard grammar school, which was actually Blackheath High School, an independent school. Peter Jay was appointed ambassador to the United States by his friend David Owen, Foreign Secretary in her fathers government, while in the USA, she met journalist Carl Bernstein, who had helped expose Watergate, with whom she had a much-publicised extramarital relationship in 1979. Bernsteins then-wife, Nora Ephron, fictionalised the story in her novel, Heartburn, peter Jay then had an affair with their nanny, fathering a child in the process. The Jays divorced in 1986 after 25 years of marriage, and she lived for a while with Robert Neild, in 1994, she married AIDS specialist Michael Adler, who had been chair of the National AIDS Trust when she was its director. She retained her surname from her first marriage and she has three children, Tamsin, Alice and Patrick. 1939–1961, Ms Margaret Callaghan 1961–1987, Ms Margaret Jay 1987–1992, The Honourable Margaret Jay 1992–1998, the Baroness Jay of Paddington 1998–, The Rt Hon
24.
Leader of the House of Lords
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The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Lords. The role is held in combination with a formal Cabinet position, usually one of the sinecure offices of Lord President of the Council. Unless the Leader is also a minister, being Leader constitutes the bulk of his or her government responsibilities. The Office of the Leader of the House of Lords is a ministerial department, though the Leader of the House is a member of the cabinet and remains a partisan figure, he or she also has responsibilities to the House as a whole. In contrast to the House of Commons, where proceedings are controlled by the Speaker, proceedings in the Lords are controlled by peers themselves, under the rules set out in the Standing Orders. The Leader is often called upon to advise on procedures and points of order, however, like the Lord Speaker, the Leader of the House has no power to rule on points of order or to intervene during an inappropriate speech. Those functions were transferred to the Lord Speaker, however, it may have been used as early as 1689, applied to George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, when he was Speaker of the House of Lords during the Convention Parliament of that year. The role developed during the first quarter of the century, at the same time as the role of Prime Minister. It was therefore necessary for a member of the government to take responsibility for steering government legislation through each House, the Earl of Sunderland, initiated aspects of the role during the Whig Junta under Queen Anne. Sunderland and the other Whigs were dismissed from office in reaction to their co-ordination of government matters, Sunderland returned to power under George I, as Lord Privy Seal. When the Prime Minister sat in the House of Lords, which was common until the beginning of the twentieth century, when the Prime Minister sat in the Commons, the position of Leader of the Lords was often held by the Foreign Secretary or Colonial Secretary. In some coalition governments, it was held by the party leader who was not Prime Minister, since the end of the Marquess of Salisburys last government, in 1902, the position clearly exists in its own right as a member of the cabinet. The first female Leader of the Lords was Janet Young, Baroness Young in 1981–1983, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury served as Leader of the House of Lords from 1885 to 1886, from 1886 to 1892 and from 1895 to 1902. His son James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury served as Leader from 1925 to 1929 and his grandson, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, served as Leader from 1994 to 1997, as Viscount Cranborne, again by means of a writ of acceleration. Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham served as Leader of the House of Lords from 1931 to 1935 and his son Quintin Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham served as Leader from 1960 to 1963. Because the post is a one and not a ministerial office in its own right, it is not always included in official lists of government offices. This can make it difficult to determine who the Leader of the House of Lords was in a particular ministry, House of Lords Leader of the House of Commons Leader of the House of Lords Official site
25.
Tessa Jowell
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Tessa Jane Helen Douglas Jowell, Baroness Jowell, DBE, PC is an English Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Dulwich and West Norwood from 1992 to 2015. She held a number of major government ministerial positions, as well as opposition appointments and her most senior position in Government was as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, a post she held from 2001 to 2007. A Privy Counsellor since 1998, she was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2012 and she stood down from the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. She was nominated for life peerage in the 2015 Dissolution Honours and was raised to the peerage as Baroness Jowell, of Brixton in the London Borough of Lambeth, on 27 October 2015. Jowell served as a Richard L. and Ronay A. Menschel Senior Leadership Fellow at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in 2016. In this role, she taught a course in the Department of Health Policy and Management called, Health Policy and Leadership, Why do we know so much and do so little. Tessa Jane Helen Palmer was born at Middlesex Hospital in Marylebone, London, to Dr. Kenneth Palmer, a physician and his wife, Rosemary and she was educated at the independent St Margarets School for Girls in Aberdeen, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh. She became a worker, initially working in the Craigmillar area of Edinburgh and as a childcare officer in Lambeth. She subsequently worked at the Maudsley Hospital, and later assistant director of the mental health charity Mind. In 1978, she was the Labour Party candidate in a by-election in Ilford North and she stood again in Ilford North at the 1979 general election, also unsuccessfully. Jowell was appointed as Minister of State in the Department of Health after the 1997 Labour electoral landslide and she moved, again as Minister of State, to the Department for Education and Employment in 1999. She was appointed Secretary of State at the Department for Culture, Media and Sport after the 2001 election, one of her main concerns as Culture Secretary was television broadcasting. She was responsible for the Communications Act 2003 which established a new media regulator and it also relaxed regulations on ownership of British television stations, though, following a rebellion in the House of Lords, a public interest test was introduced as a compromise. In 2004, Jowell faced resistance to proposals for a series of so-called super casinos, former Labour Welfare Minister Frank Field said her comments were crass, declaring, I think this whole New Labour line that you insult people rather than engage in argument is deeply disturbing. She dealt with complaints that the National Lottery had been directed to fund programmes that should have been covered by mainstream taxation, in 2007, Jowell introduced a new governance system for the BBC, the BBC Trust, which replaced the long-established Board of Governors. In 2012, the BBC Trust was shown to be not fit for purpose, Jowell was a zealous supporter of the then Prime Minister Tony Blair, reportedly saying on one occasion that she would jump under a bus for him. In Gordon Browns reshuffle in June 2007, following his succession as Labour leader and Prime Minister, Jowell was demoted from her position as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. She retained her Olympics portfolio, however, and was also appointed Paymaster General and Minister for London, being allowed to attend Cabinet, although not as a full member
26.
Patricia Hewitt
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Patricia Hope Hewitt is an Australian-born British Labour politician, who served in the Cabinet until 2007, most recently as Secretary of State for Health. Hewitts political career began in the 1970s as a high-profile left-winger and supporter of Tony Benn, after nine years as General Secretary of the National Council for Civil Liberties, she became press secretary to Neil Kinnock, whom she assisted in the modernisation of the Labour Party. In 1997, she became the first female MP for Leicester West, a safe Labour seat, in 2001, she joined Blairs cabinet as President of the Board of Trade and Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, before becoming Health Secretary in 2005. During her tenure, the ban on smoking in public places became legally enforceable, in March 2010, Hewitt was suspended from the Parliamentary Labour Party over the question of political lobbying irregularities, alleged by the Channel 4 Dispatches programme. Born in Canberra, Australia, she is the daughter of Sir Lenox Hewitt, a civil servant. She was educated at Canberra Girls Grammar School and she studied for her undergraduate degree in English Literature at Cambridge where she received a BA/MA. She later became a fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford and was awarded an honorary MA. She speaks French and is a keen gardener and she married David Julian Gibson-Watt, second son of David Gibson Watt, Conservative MP for Hereford, and Diana Hambro, in 1970. By this time she had moved to the left, becoming a committed feminist, MI5 classified her a Communist sympathiser in the 1970s because of her relationship with William Jack Birtles, a lawyer. In 1981, she married Birtles in Camden, they have a daughter, in 1990 the Council of Europe ruled MI5 surveillance of both Hewitt and the NCCL legal officer, Harriet Harman had breached the European Convention of Human Rights. She is a school governor at the Kentish Town Primary School. She was selected as the Labour candidate in Leicester East constituency at the 1983 General Election following the defection of the sitting Labour MP Tom Bradley to the Social Democratic Party. Bradley stood for the SDP at the election, but it was the Conservative candidate Peter Bruinvels who defeated Hewitt, following her defeat in Leicester, she became press secretary to the Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock. Following Labour’s defeat in 1992, Hewitt was asked by the new Labour Leader, John Smith, to establish the Commission on Social Justice. She became head of research with Andersen Consulting, remaining in the post during the period 1994–1997, Hewitt was elected to the House of Commons as the first female MP for Leicester West at the 1997 General Election following the retirement of the Labour MP Greville Janner. She was elected with a majority of 12,864 and remained the constituency MP until stepping down in 2010 and she made her maiden speech on 3 July 1997. Hewitts constituency of Leicester West is a safe Labour seat, with a majority of 9,070 votes in the 2005 General Election. She was promoted in 1999 to become a Minister of State for Small Business and E-Commerce at the Department of Trade and Industry, Hewitt was then responsible for appointing its first chairman, Lord Currie
27.
Barbara Roche
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The daughter of Barnet and Hanna Margolis she was educated at the Jews Free School, Camden Town and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford where she read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. She trained to be a barrister and was called to the bar at the Middle Temple,1977 and she first stood for Parliament in the 1984 Surrey South-West by-election, before standing in Hornsey and Wood Green in 1987. First elected to Parliament in 1992, she saw her majority soar to 20,500 in 1997, however, by 2001 her majority had almost halved to 10,500, and in 2005 she unexpectedly lost her seat on a large 14. 6% swing. Factors in her defeat include her association with many of the more unpopular policies. A local newspaper described her in 2005 as a fiercely loyal Labour MP, the Daily Mail, in its serialization, commented thus on the book, The most incredible revelations concern Barbara Roche, a little-known MP who was immigration minister between 1999 and 2001. Stephen Boys Smith, who was head of the Home Office’s immigration directorate, said. They Work For You - Barbara Roche Barbara Roche Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Barbara Roche
28.
Jacqui Smith
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Jacqueline Jill Smith is a British former politician. Smith was one of the MPs investigated by the commissioner for standards over a variety of inappropriate expense claims. On 5 June 2009, she ceased to be Home Secretary in the Cabinet reshuffle, born in Malvern, Worcestershire, Smith attended Dyson Perrins High School in Malvern. Smith also worked as secretary of the National Organisation of Labour Students and she won the seat as part of a record number of female MPs elected to the House of Commons who were dubbed Blair Babes. Smith was re-elected in 2001 and 2005, following the 2005 election she had a majority of just 1,948, owing to boundary changes. Smith entered the Government in July 1999 as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Education and Employment and she then became a Minister of State at the Department of Health following the 2001 general election. She was appointed as the Governments deputy Minister for Women in 2003, following the 2005 general election, Smith was appointed to serve as the Minister of State for Schools in the Department for Education and Skills, replacing Stephen Twigg who had lost his seat. Teacher trade union sources stated that Smith talked to us on our level, in the 2006 reshuffle she was appointed as the Governments Chief Whip. In a period when supporters of Gordon Brown were pushing Prime Minister Tony Blair to resign, the BBCs political editor Nick Robinson described her as being effective at making peace between the warring Blair and Brown factions. Smith was regarded as a loyal Blairite during Tony Blairs premiership, a reflected in her voting record. Smith was appointed Home Secretary in Gordon Browns first Cabinet reshuffle of 28 June 2007, just one day into her new job bombs were found in London and a terrorist attack took place in Glasgow the following day. In the same month Smith said that she would not feel safe on the streets of London at night, critics suggested her statements were an admission that the government had failed to tackle crime effectively. Smith introduced a crime mapping scheme to allow citizens of England and Wales to access local crime information, as Home Secretary, she was able to announce that minor crime dropped year-on-year under the Labour government, and continued to do so in 2008. Smith managed to pass the 42-day detention law plans in the House of Commons, in March 2009, Smith published the first ever public Counter Terror Strategy. When Conservative MP Damian Green was arrested in his Commons office, a junior Home Office official, Christopher Galley, was later arrested regarding the same alleged offences as Green, and was released on bail. He was not charged, but he was suspended from his Home Office job while the investigation continued and he was later dismissed from his position for gross misconduct. Green did not dispute having dealings with the Home Office official and it was planned that the cards would be made available from high-street shops at an estimated cost of £60. Smith defended her decision to use high-street shops, and stated that the hope was to make enrolment in the scheme a less intimidating experience and she claimed, despite evidence to the contrary, that the majority of the population was in favour of the scheme
29.
Meg Munn
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Margaret Patricia Munn is a non-executive director of the Phone-paid Services Authority, a non-executive director of the Esh Group and a Governor of Sheffield Hallam University. She encourages women to consider careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. She also works as a professional consultant with a focus on parliamentary processes, political party development, gender mainstreaming. She was Lead drafter for the Compendium of Good Practises for Advancing Womens Political Participation in the OSCE Region, Office for Democratic Institutions, Munn was the British Member of Parliament for Sheffield Heeley from 2001 to 2015. On 24 January 2014 she advised Heeley constituency Labour party that she had decided not to seek reselection to stand at the 2015 general election. Munn went to Mundella Primary School on Mundella Place in Norton Woodseats then the comprehensive Rowlinson School on Dyche Lane in Jordanthorpe and she studied languages at the University of York receiving a BA in 1981, later gaining an MA in Social Work at the University of Nottingham in 1986. She joined the Labour Party at fifteen, and was a Councillor on Nottingham City Council from 1987–91, Munn was on the Barnsley Regional Board of the Co-operative Group, the UKs largest co-operative society, and the management committee of Wortley Hall, a national co-operative conference centre. She was elected President of the 2006 Co-operative Congress She is a member of USDAW, the Labour Party, Munn was Patron of Heeley City Farm, Patron of Home-Start Sheffield and Patron of Sheffield Young Carers. As a backbencher, Munn served on the Education and Skills Select Committee 2001–03, and she also served as Chair of the Womens Committee of the Parliamentary Labour Party and Chair of the Parliamentary Co-operative Group. She has been Vice-Chair of Labour Friends of Israel, a Vice-Chair of the group Progress, Munn served as Parliamentary Private Secretary at the Department for Education and Skills July 2003 to May 2005. She was Minister for Women and Equality, based at the Department for Communities, Munn introduced Civil Partnerships in the UK in December 2005. She was responsible for the Equality Act 2006, and involved in the Work and she established the Equality and Human Rights Commission. On 29 June 2007, Munn was appointed as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the Foreign and she had responsibility for Overseas Territories, South East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Caribbean and Central America among other things. She stood down from the government in October 2008 and she was Chair of the Westminster Foundation for Democracy October 2008 to July 2010, Vice-Chair July 2010 to October 2012. With the Foundation, Munn worked in the Middle East and North Africa, leading workshops and mentoring MPs in Egypt, the Foundation was established in 1992 to promote democracy mainly in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. It is a cross-party political organisation that provides funds, supports projects, Munn charged the taxpayer for the tax advice she received herself from her own husband. It was alleged that when she published the receipt on her website, however the blacking out had been done by the House of Commons authorities, presumably in error as they only blacked out his name for one year but left the other three years alone. Munn stated none of the information available on her website had information blacked out by her or any of her staff, the purpose of this is to ensure all tax liabilities connected with parliamentary duties are properly dealt with
30.
Ruth Kelly
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Ruth Maria Kelly is a former British Labour Party politician, serving as Member of Parliament for Bolton West from 1997 until she stood down in 2010. Kelly was born in Limavady, Northern Ireland and she also lived briefly in the Republic of Ireland before moving to England where she attended Edgarley Hall, the preparatory school for Millfield School. She was educated at the independent Sutton High School, run by the Girls Day School Trust, after being moved up a year and sitting O-levels at Sutton High School at the age of 15, she decided to move back to Ireland to look after her ill grandmother. Her grandmother died after six weeks, but Kelly stayed for a year, living with her aunt and she returned to England on winning a scholarship to the sixth-form of Westminster School. Kelly taught at University of Navarra, after she joined the Labour Party in 1990, becoming a member of the partys Bethnal Green and Stepney constituency party. She was a writer for The Guardian from 1990, before becoming deputy head of the Inflation Report Division of the Bank of England in 1994. She married Derek John Gadd, a government officer, in 1996. Kellys grandfather, Philip Murphy, served as an officer in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence, in 1922 he was interned by the Government of Northern Ireland. Murphys detention file refers to him as quartermaster of the West Fermanagh IRA Battalion and he went on hunger strike to protest at his detention. He was released unconditionally in June 1924, when internment ended, Kelly is a practising Roman Catholic, a member of Opus Dei and regular attender at their meetings and events. Her brother, Ronan Kelly, is a supernumerary in the Opus Dei organisation, in the 1997 general election, Kelly gained the seat of Bolton West from the Conservatives while heavily pregnant, and gave birth to her first son eleven days later. She gained her place in parliament as Tony Blair became Prime Minister with Labours landslide election victory and she served on the Treasury Select Committee, she was also appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Agriculture Minister, Nick Brown from 1998. Kelly was a member of a set up by the Institute for Public Policy Research into the Private Finance Initiative. After Labour won the 2001 general election, Kelly was appointed as Economic Secretary to the Treasury and her role focused on competition policy and small businesses. After a year she was promoted to be Financial Secretary to the Treasury, in both positions her principal task was in the thorough revision of the Financial Services regulation system which was introduced by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Kelly brought in new regulations to tackle the funding of terrorism after 11 September 2001 attacks, Kelly was assigned the task of dealing with Equitable Life after the Penrose Report into the life insurance company was published. Equitable policyholders continued to demand redress, as a mother of four young children, she refused to work the long hours normally associated with such positions and refused to take a red box in the evening whilst at the Treasury. In a minor reshuffle, she was promoted to be Minister for the Cabinet Office on 9 September 2004, Kelly guided the Civil Contingencies Bill through its final stages in Parliament, which faced serious objections from some civil liberties campaigns
31.
Leader of the House of Commons
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The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons. This office does not attract a ministerial salary, and as such it is held jointly with another ministerial position. The Leader is assisted in the Office of the Leader of the House of Commons by the Deputy Leader of the House of Commons, at times the nominal leadership was held by the Prime Minister but the day-to-day work was done by a Deputy. At other times a Deputy was appointed merely to enhance an individual politicians standing within the government, however, since 2010 the Deputy Leader of the House of Commons has been a ministerial role at the level of Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State. The House of Commons devotes approximately three-quarters of its time to Government business, such as introduced by the government. The Leader of the House, with the chief whips, is responsible for organising Government business. The Leader of the House additionally announces the next weeks debate schedule in the Business Statement every Thursday, when there is either no Deputy Prime Minister or First Secretary of State, the Leader of the House may stand in for an absent Prime Minister at Prime Ministers Questions
32.
Barbara Follett (politician)
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Daphne Barbara Follett was the British Labour Party Member of Parliament for Stevenage from 1997 until 2010. During this time she held several parliamentary and, despite having voted 19 times against her own government, in the decade before entering Parliament she played a major part in transformation of the Labour Party. Follett was a case in the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal. She stood down in 2010 in order to take over the running of her husband, bestselling author Ken Folletts and she was born Daphne Barbara Hubbard in Kingston, Jamaica, where her father was an insurance executive. In 1946 the family returned to Britain, first to Jersey then in 1947 to Billericay, in 1952 the family moved to Ethiopia where her father set up the country’s first insurance company in partnership with Emperor Haile Selassie. In 1957 after an incident involving her alcoholic father, a toast and a drinks trolley. She began a University degree in Art, but in 1962 had to give it up and she married Richard Turner in 1963 and they moved to Paris where Turner studied for his doctorate and she taught at the Berlitz School of Languages. In 1964 her first daughter, Jann, was born and they returned to South Africa in 1966 to run his mothers fruit farm in Stellenbosch, where they had their second daughter, Kim. It also provided health and education. In 1970, on the breakdown of her marriage Follett moved back to Cape Town and she worked again for Kupugani from 1971 to 1978, first as Regional Manager for the Cape and South-West Africa – then as National Health Education Director. After a brief marriage to Gerald Stonestreet, she married architect Les Broer in 1974 and their son Adam was born in 1975. In January 1978 her ex-husband Richard Turner, a prominent anti-apartheid activist, was assassinated, three months later, Barbara, who was then running the Women’s Movement for Peace was told that she too was about to be banned. She and her children fled to England and lived in Farnham, Barbara found work as Assistant Course Organiser and lecturer on Africa for the Farnham-based Centre for International Briefing and joined the local Labour Party. Follett stood as Labour candidate for Woking in the 1983 general election, in 1985 she married author Ken Follett. From 1984 to 1992 she was a lecturer and consultant, contesting Epsom and Ewell for Labour in 1987. Inspired by women in the US, Follett imported the idea of EMILYs List and she became the Director of EMILY’s List UK in 1993. The organisation has since backed more than 80 women seeking selection, during this period she obtained a BSc in Economic History from the London School of Economics. She was selected as the candidate in Stevenage before her postgraduate course could get under way and she concentrated instead on work as Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Public Policy Research
33.
Maria Eagle
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Maria Eagle MP is a British Labour Party politician who is the Member of Parliament for Garston and Halewood and former Shadow Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. She has held the rank of Minister of State at the Government Equalities Office and she had been a Minister at the Department for Work and Pensions, the Department for Education and Skills, and the Northern Ireland Office. After the 2010 general election she became the Shadow Solicitor General, on 14 September 2015, Eagle was confirmed as the Shadow Defence Secretary in Jeremy Corbyns first Shadow Cabinet. She was moved to the position of Shadow Culture Secretary in January 2016, Eagle is the twin sister of fellow Labour MP Angela Eagle. Eagle was born in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, the daughter of Shirley, a worker, and André Eagle. In 1992 she became a solicitor with Goldsmith Williams in Liverpool, and later a Solicitor at Stephen Irving & Co also in Liverpool and she contested the Crosby seat at the 1992 general election where she lost to the sitting Conservative MP Malcolm Thornton by 14,806 votes. For the following election in 1997 Eagle was selected through an all-women shortlist to stand for Labour in Garston and she was elected to the House of Commons with a majority of 18,417 and remains an MP, now for Garston & Halewood, following boundary changes in 2010. She joined her sister Angela in Parliament, and are the pair of sisters in the Commons. She made her speech on 17 June 1997. As part of the reshuffle of Gordon Browns government in October 2008, in the June 2009 reshuffle she was promoted to Minister of State within the justice department. Her proposed ban on fur farming was defeated as a Private Members Bill but subsequently picked up by the government. After Labour lost the 2010 general election she served in interim Labour leader Harriet Harmans front bench as Shadow Solicitor General and Shadow Justice Minister. In October 2010 Eagle was elected to the Shadow Cabinet of new Labour Party leader Ed Miliband as Shadow Secretary of State for Transport in the Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election. Eagle was nominated for the Stonewall Politician of the Year Award in 2008 for her work to support equality for lesbian, gay and she was given a score of 93% in favour of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality by Stonewall. On 5 February 2013 Eagle voted in favour in the House of Commons Second Reading vote on marriage equality in Britain, Eagle was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Defence in September 2015 by the newly elected Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn. Eagle said she was surprised by her appointment as she disagrees with Corbyns advocacy of nuclear disarmament. In January 2016, she was moved to the position of Shadow Culture Secretary and she resigned from the shadow cabinet on 27 June 2016 in the mass resignation of the Shadow Cabinet following the Brexit referendum. Eagle voted in favour of legislation which would have kept MPs expenses information secret, maria describes herself as Im the straight one
34.
Home Secretary
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The office is a British Cabinet level position. The Home Secretary is responsible for the affairs of England and Wales. The remit of the Home Office also includes policing in England and Wales and matters of security, as the Security Service. The current Home Secretary is Amber Rudd, appointed formally by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of her Prime Minister Theresa May on 13 July 2016. Mrs. May had been the incumbent, appointed on 12 May 2010 by Prime Minister, David Cameron. May was reappointed by Cameron on 8 May 2015 to serve as Home Secretary in the Conservative government and she stood down from this role on 13 July 2016 upon assuming the office of Prime Minister, succeeding Cameron
35.
Lynne Featherstone
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Lynne Choona Featherstone, Baroness Featherstone, PC is a British Liberal Democrat parliamentarian and member of the House of Lords. She was created Baroness Featherstone, of Highgate in the London Borough of Haringey, previously she was Liberal Democrat spokesman for Youth and Equality issues, and chair of the Liberal Democrats technology board. Featherstone took her seat as a member of the House of Lords on the Opposition benches on 26 November 2015 and her family business started by her parents was the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in the London. The business was sold over a decade ago. In 1998 Featherstone was elected a Councillor for the London Borough of Haringey representing Muswell Hill Ward and she and her two colleagues were the first three Liberal Democrats to be elected borough councillors. She became Leader of Liberal Democrat Group on the Council 1998–2003, from 2000 until 2005, Featherstone was a Member of the London Assembly, during this time, she was Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee. She was also a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority for all five years she was on the London Assembly and she was replaced as MLA by Geoff Pope. Featherstone was promoted by some as a potential Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London in the 2008 election. In response to a poll on the Liberal Democrat Voice website, she ruled out, stating that, of the other people in the poll. Lynne Featherstone first contested the Hornsey and Wood Green seat at the 1997 general election where she finished in place some 25,998 votes behind the winner Barbara Roche. She again fought Hornsey and Wood Green at the 2001 general election, moving into second place, in one of the largest swings at the 2005 general election, Featherstone defeated Roche with a majority of 2,395 votes. She made her speech in Parliament on 24 May 2005. She was appointed as a LibDem junior Home Affairs spokesperson by Charles Kennedy in 2005 and she was co-chair of Chris Huhnes unsuccessful campaign to be leader of the Liberal Democrats following the resignation of Kennedy in January 2006. In March, following the election of Menzies Campbell as party leader, in December 2006, she succeeded Susan Kramer as the Liberal Democrat Shadow International Development Secretary, and two months later was succeeded by Tom Brake as London spokesperson. In 2007, following the resignation of Sir Menzies Campbell, she again chaired Chris Huhnes leadership election campaign, on 20 December 2007 the new Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg, who defeated Chris Huhne, made her Youth and Equalities spokesperson. She was given a score of 93% in favour of lesbian, gay, in the 2015 general election, she lost her seat to Labours Catherine West MP. Following the death of 17-month-old Peter Connelly, Haringey Council initiated an internal audit Serious Case Review, although the actual report was completed months earlier, the Executive Summary of the report was released immediately after the resulting court case had completed. The full details of the report have been kept confidential, I was promised action – but despite repeated subsequent requests for news on progress – I was just stonewalled. In November 2008, at Prime Ministers Questions, Featherstone asked the Prime Minister to order an enquiry into the Connelly Case and she was Liberal Democrat Leader of the Opposition on Haringey Council at the time of the murder of Victoria Climbié
36.
Liberal Democrats (UK)
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The Liberal Democrats are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, at the 2015 general election, the party was reduced to eight MPs. Nick Clegg resigned as leader and Tim Farron won the subsequent leadership election, the party currently has nine MPs, following the Richmond Park by-election. The Alliance was led by David Steel and Roy Jenkins, Jenkins was replaced by David Owen, the two parties had their own policies and emphases, but produced a joint manifesto for the 1983 and 1987 general elections. Following disappointing results in the 1987 election, Steel proposed to merge the two parties, although opposed by Owen, it was supported by a majority of members of both parties, and they formally merged in March 1988, with Steel and Robert Maclennan as joint interim leaders. The new party was initially named Social and Liberal Democrats with the short form The Democrats being used from September 1988. The name was changed to Liberal Democrats in October 1989. The new party logo, the Bird of Liberty, was adopted in 1989, the party is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Liberal International. The then-serving Liberal MP Paddy Ashdown was elected leader in July 1988, at the 1989 European Elections, the party received only 6% of the vote, putting them in fourth place after the Green Party. They failed to gain a single Member of the European Parliament at this election, over the next three years, the party recovered under Ashdowns leadership. They performed better at the 1990 local elections and in by-elections—including at Eastbourne in 1990, Ribble Valley in 1991, the Lib Dems did not reach the share of national votes in the 1990s that the Alliance had achieved in the 1980s. At their first election in 1992, they won 17. 8% of the vote, in the 1994 European Elections, the party gained its first two Members of European Parliament. The election was, however, something of a point for the Liberal Democrats. Ashdown retired as leader in 1999 and the party elected Charles Kennedy as his replacement, the party improved on their 1997 results at the 2001 general election, increasing their number of seats to 52 and their share of the vote to 18. 3%. The party won seats from Labour in by-elections in Brent East in 2003 and Leicester South in 2004, under Kennedys leadership the majority of Pro-Euro Conservatives, a group of former members of the Conservatives, joined the Liberal Democrats on 10 December 2001. At the 2005 general election, the Lib Dems gained their highest share of the vote since the SDP–Liberal Alliance and won 62 seats. Many had anticipated that this election would be the Lib Dems breakthrough at Westminster, party activists hoped to better the 25% support of the 1983 election, or to reach 100 MPs. Much of the apparent lack of success resulted from the first-past-the-post electoral system, controversy became associated with the campaign when it became known that Michael Brown had donated £2.4 million to the Liberal Democrats
37.
Conservative Party (UK)
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The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the party, having won a majority of seats in the House of Commons at the 2015 general election. The partys leader, Theresa May, is serving as Prime Minister. It is the largest party in government with 8,702 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival. The Conservative Partys platform involves support for market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the Labour Party became the Conservatives main rivals, Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the twentieth century, including Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Thatchers tenure led to wide-ranging economic liberalisation, the Conservative Partys domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to them being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world. The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the European Parliament, with twenty MEPs, the party is a member of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe Europarty and the International Democrat Union. The party is the second-largest in the Scottish Parliament and the second-largest in the Welsh Assembly, the party is also organised in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th century Whig Party and they were known as Independent Whigs, Friends of Mr Pitt, or Pittites. After Pitts death the term Tory came into use and this was an allusion to the Tories, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name Tory was commonly used for the newer party, the term Conservative was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the Quarterly Review in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was adopted under the aegis of Sir Robert Peel around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the Tamworth Manifesto, the term Conservative Party rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845. In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party, in Ireland, the Irish Unionist Alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged anti-Home Rule Unionists into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and in essence formed the Irish wing of the party until 1922. The Conservatives served with the Liberals in an all-party coalition government during World War I, keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914, especially on the issue of Irish Unionism and the experience of three consecutive election losses
38.
Jo Swinson
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She was also formerly a junior Equalities Minister. She was previously the Liberal Democrats spokeswoman on Scotland and has chaired the Liberal Democrats Campaign for Gender Balance since 2004, from 2005 to July 2009 she was the Baby of the House. Swinson was raised in East Dunbartonshire and was educated at Douglas Academy in Milngavie and the London School of Economics, Swinson signed up as an active member of the Liberal Democrats at the age of seventeen. In 2001, at the age of 21, Swinson stood as a Liberal Democrat for the Hull East constituency in the UK General Election, gaining a 6% swing from John Prescott, deputy leader of the Labour Party. In 2003, she contested the Strathkelvin and Bearsden seat in the Scottish Parliament. She was the youngest MP in the House of Commons when elected and she became the first ever Member of Parliament born in the 1980s. She remained the youngest MP until 2009, when Chloe Smith won a by-election to become the Conservative MP for Norwich North and she was vocal in her opposition to the Iraq War and the Labour governments proposals for national identity cards. She supports reducing the age to 16 as one way of engaging young people in politics. She believes more women should be involved in politics but that encouragement is better than coercion in achieving this. Swinson has also called for an index to be introduced, to be compared against GDP. She found support from MPs such as Vince Cable and Angela Eagle, Swinson cited the fact that although standard of living had increased, peoples level of wellbeing had been virtually static for some time, according to polls. She feels strongly that new prisons ought not to be built and had campaigned vocally and she had said that if a prison was built it must not be built cheaply, and that it must not be named after the town in which is to be sited. The campaign to give the prison its original name was ultimately successful and she has named Guylian as the worst offender, followed by Lindt, Baileys and Cadbury. Following an emergency injection of adrenaline, and a stay in hospital. Swinson lost her seat in the 2015 General Election. On 13 May 2011 Swinson married fellow Lib Dem MP Duncan Hames, in June 2013, the couple announced they were expecting their first child. On 22 December 2013, their son Andrew Lennox Marshall Hames was born, weighing 7lb 10oz
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