The Ministry for Rural Affairs, known between 1900 and 2010 as the Ministry of Agriculture, was a ministry within the government of Sweden. The ministry was responsible for matters relating to rural areas, food and land- and water-based industries, regional development, transport and infrastructure, housing, and community planning. The ministry was headed by the minister for rural affairs (2011–2014) and the minister of agriculture (1900–2010). The ministry was disbanded on 31 December 2014, and from 1 January 2015, the matters was handled by the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation.

The Minister for Rural Affairs is a position in the Government of Sweden since November 2021 and previously from 1900 to July 2021. It was merged into the office of Minister for Business, Industry and Innovation in July 2021 but was re-established in November 2021 by newly appointed Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson. It was also kept after the government shift due to the 2022 Swedish general election, when current minister Peter Kullgren (kd) was appointed.