Minor Threat was an American hardcore punk band, formed in 1980 in Washington, D. C. by vocalist Ian MacKaye and drummer Jeff Nelson. MacKaye and Nelson had played in several other bands together, recruited bassist Brian Baker and guitarist Lyle Preslar to form Minor Threat, they added a fifth member, Steve Hansgen, in 1982, playing bass, while Baker switched to second guitar. The band was short-lived, disbanding after only four years together, but had a strong influence on the punk scene, both stylistically and in establishing a "do it yourself" ethic for music distribution and concert promotion. Minor Threat's song "Straight Edge" became the eventual basis of the straight edge movement, which emphasized a lifestyle without alcohol or other drugs, or promiscuous sex. AllMusic described Minor Threat's music as "iconic" and noted that their groundbreaking music "has held up better than most of their contemporaries."Along with the fellow Washington, D. C. hardcore band Bad Brains and California band Black Flag, Minor Threat set the standard for many hardcore punk bands in the 1980s and 1990s.

All of Minor Threat's recordings were released on MacKaye's and Nelson's own label, Dischord Records. The Minor Threat EP and their only full-length studio album Out of Step have received a number of accolades and are cited as landmarks of the hardcore punk genre. Prior to forming Minor Threat in 1980, vocalist Ian MacKaye and drummer Jeff Nelson had played bass and drums in the Teen Idles while attending Wilson High School. During their two-year career within the flourishing Washington D. C. hardcore punk scene, the Teen Idles had gained a following of around one hundred fans, were seen as only second within the scene to the contemporary Bad Brains. MacKaye and Nelson were strong believers in the DIY mentality and an independent, underground music scene. After the breakup of the Teen Idles, they used the money earned through the band to create Dischord Records, an independent record label that would host the releases of the Teen Idles, Minor Threat, numerous other D. C. punk bands. Eager to start a new band after the Teen Idles, MacKaye and Nelson recruited guitarist Lyle Preslar and bassist Brian Baker.

They played their first performance in December 1980 to fifty people in a basement, opening for Bad Brains, The Untouchables, Black Market Baby and S. O. A. all D. C. bands. The band's first 7" EPs, Minor Threat and In My Eyes, were released in 1981; the group toured the east coast and Midwest. "Straight Edge," a song from the band's first EP, helped to inspire the straight edge movement. The lyrics of the song relay MacKaye's first-person perspective of his personal choice of abstinence from alcohol and other drugs, a novel ideology for rock musicians which found a small but dedicated following. Other prominent groups that subsequently advocated the straight edge stance include SS Decontrol and 7 Seconds. Although the original song was not written as a manifesto or a "set of rules," many bands inspired by this idea used it as such, over the years since its release, the song and the term "straight edge" became the zeitgeist for an entire subculture, indeed the basis for a paradigm shift that has persisted and grown throughout the world.

The term comes as the point of the story -- he doesn't want to do drugs or drink, so therefore the writer has an edge over those who do -- a straight edge. "Out of Step", A Minor Threat song from their second EP, further demonstrates the said belief: "Don't smoke/Don't drink/Don't fuck/At least I can fucking think/I can't keep up/I'm out of step with the world." The "I" in the lyrics was only implied because it did not quite fit the rhythm of the song. Some of the other members of Minor Threat, Jeff Nelson in particular, took exception to what they saw as MacKaye's imperious attitude on the song; the song was re-recorded, the updated version of the song on the 1983 album Out of Step, slower so the first-person use of "I" would be clearer, included a bridge where MacKaye explains his personal beliefs, explaining that his ideals, which at the time were not yet known as what became a collective philosophy, or in fact, known as "straight edge," "is not a set of rules. All I'm saying is there are three things, that are like so important to the whole world that I don't happen to find much importance in, whether it's fucking, or whether it's playing golf, because of that, I feel...

I can't keep up...". Minor Threat's song "Guilty of Being White" led to some accusations of racism, but MacKaye has denied such intentions and said that some listeners misinterpreted his words, he claims that his experiences attending Wilson High School, whose student population was 70 percent black, inspired the song. There, many students bullied his friends. Thrash metal band Slayer covered the song, with the last iteration of the lyric "guilty of being white" changed to "guilty of being right." In an interview, MacKaye stated that he was offended that some perceived racist overtones in the lyrics, saying, "To me, at the time and now, it seemed clear it's an anti-racist song. Of course, it didn't occur to me at the time I wrote it that anybody outside of my twenty or thirty friends who I was singing to would have to ponder the lyrics or consider them." In the time between the release of the band's second seven-inch EP and the Out of Step record, the band split when guitarist Lyle Preslar moved to Illinois to attend college for a semester at Northwestern University.

Preslar was a member of Big Black for a few tempestuous rehearsals. During that period, MacKaye and Nelson put together a studio-only project called Skewbald/Grand

Lanny D. Schmidt is an American chemist, inventor and Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota, he is well known for his extensive work in surface science, detailed chemistry, chemical reaction engineering and renewable energy. He is well known for his work on millisecond reactors and reactive flash volatilization. Schmidt received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1960 from Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. From 1960 to 1964, he attended the University of Chicago, where he received a Ph. D. degree in physical chemistry and was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Among many research endeavors, his thesis on alkali metal adsorption was supervised by Robert Gomer. In 1965, he completed a postdoctoral year at the University of Chicago. In 1965, he joined the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of Minnesota as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.

Schmidt's research focused on various aspects of the chemistry and engineering of chemical reactions on solid surfaces. Reaction systems of recent interest are catalytic combustion processes to produce products such as syngas and oxygenates by partial oxidation, NOx removal, incineration by total oxidation. One topic of his research is the characterization of adsorption and reactions on well-defined single-crystal surfaces. A second research topic is steady state and transient reaction kinetics under conditions from ultrahigh vacuum to atmospheric pressure. Schmidt researches catalytic reaction engineering, in which detailed models of reactors are constructed to simulate industrial reactor performance, with particular emphasis on chemical synthesis and on catalytic combustion. Schmidt's research since the early 1990s has focused on the catalytic partial oxidation of alkanes and oxygenates in continuous flow fixed bed supported catalyst reactors. In 2004, Schmidt and his graduate students demonstrated that biomass-derived ethanol could be converted to molecular hydrogen for fuel cell at greater than 100% selectivity.

The significant potential of this discovery has been well-described: There is, however, a better way of storing the hydrogen needed for fuel cells: in ethanol, each molecule of which bundles six hydrogen atoms, two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom into a package far more compact than gaseous hydrogen. Until no one could figure out how to unbundle the ethanol molecules in an energy-efficient way, but Lanny Schmidt, a chemical engineer at the University of Minnesota, may now have found a silver bullet. He has developed a glass tube containing a series of metal plates about the size of a Bic lighter. Made out of the exotic metals rhodium and cerium, these plates can suck the hydrogen out of ethanol and feed it into a fuel cell." — Sam Jaffe, Washington Monthly The discovery has been referenced over 200 times, it led to Schmidt being listed among the Scientific American top 50 researchers of 2004. Schmidt has published over 350 papers in refereed journals and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

He has supervised 90 Ph. D. theses and 15 M. S. theses at Minnesota, 14 of his former students hold university teaching positions including Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Raymond Gorte and Dionisios Vlachos. In 2013, he was awarded the Neal R. Amundson Award at the 3rd North American Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering. Schmidt has been awarded the Parravano Award by the Michigan Catalysis Society, the Alpha Xi Sigma Award by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, a Humboldt Prize from Germany, he has been honored by several institutions through supported lectures including the Reilly Lectures at Notre Dame, the Dodge Lectures at Yale University, the Mason Lectures at Stanford University, the Merck Lecture at Rutgers University, the Centennial Lecture at Purdue University, the Schiut Lecture at the University of Delaware and the Hottell Lecture at MIT. In 2000, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress on Catalysis in Spain, in 1998 he served as the Fairchild Scholar at the California Institute of Technology.

Throughout his career, Schmidt has promoted the importance of reaction engineering to chemical engineering and chemistry as a separate discipline. In 2004, he published the second edition of his best-selling textbook, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, which stressed the importance of the relationships between thermodynamics and transport phenomena for a full understanding of reactor design. Since 2003, Schmidt has been a strong advocate of biomass-derived energy and a supporter of biomass processing research as a solution to the decreasing petroleum supply, he argues that thermochemical biomass conversion processes have significant advantages over biological processes that will permit small-scale efficient biomass-to-fuel chemical plants. Schmidt has authored the following journal articles describing significant advances in chemical reaction engineering: Hickman, D. A.. "Production of Syngas by Direct Catalytic Oxidation of Methane". Science. 259: 343–346. Bibcode:1993Sci...259..343H. Doi:10.1126/science.259.5093.343.

PMID 17832347. Retrieved 28 November 2008. Bodke, A. S.. "High Selectivities to Ethylene by Partial Oxidation of Ethane". Science. 285: 712–715. Doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.712. PMID 10426988. Re

Jacob Southwick is an American professional wrestler signed to Impact Wrestling under the ring name Madman Fulton, where he is part of OVE. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed on their NXT brand under the ring name Sawyer Fulton, was part of Sanity. Southwick was born on April 1990, in Toledo, Ohio, he trained under Jimmie Lee. Southwick attended Ashland University, where he is a former Greco-Roman All-American and a two-time NCAA All-American amateur wrestler, he cited Kurt Angle as his favorite wrestler growing up. Southwick trained to be a professional wrestler at the ASWA Pro Wrestling Training Center in Mansfield, Ohio, he made his professional wrestling debut for Mid-Ohio Wrestling as Big Jake South on October 16, 2009, defeating Izzy Lambert. He won the Mid-Ohio Tag Team Titles with Cyrus Poe, challenged unsuccessfully for various other championships within the promotion including as the Tri-County Heavyweight Title and the World Title. In September 2012 it was reported that Southwick had signed with WWE.

He was renamed Sawyer Fulton. He made his televised NXT debut on May 2, 2013, where he appeared as an enhancement talent in a tag-team match against The Wyatt Family, he continued to make sporadic televised appearances on NXT as an enhancement talent over the next three years as part of a tag-team with Angelo Dawkins with the duo being defeated by teams such as Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady, The Vaudevillains and Murphy and The Hype Bros. In March 2016, Fulton formed a tag-team with Alexander Wolfe at NXT live events. In September 2016, Fulton and Wolfe joined a stable named Sanity along with Eric Young and Nikki Cross; the stable made its debut on the October 12, 2016 episode of NXT, with Wolfe and Fulton defeating the team of Bobby Roode and Tye Dillinger as part of the 2016 Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic. On November 2, in the second round of the Tag Team Classic and Wolfe beat fan favourites T. J. Perkins and Kota Ibushi, they were knocked out of the tournament in the semi finals by TM61. Fulton subsequently suffered a torn pectoral muscle which ruled him out of action for several months.

At the NXT tapings on November 30, 2016, it was teased that Fulton was no longer associated with SAnitY after Eric Young stomped on Fulton's jacket before kicking it out of the ring. He was replaced in the group by Killian Dain, with no on-screen explanation provided for his absence. On November 3, 2017, Fulton was released from his NXT contract by the WWE without making another televised appearance. In Summer of 2018, Fulton began appearing as a member of Sami Callihan's Death Machines stable in Major League Wrestling, where he participated in the Battle Riot event and a War Games match. On March 22, 2019, Fulton joined oVe, he revealed an oVe shirt after taking off his jacket. Fulton made his first and only appearance as a playable character in WWE 2K18. American States Wrestling Alliance ASWA Heavyweight Championship Atomic Wrestling Entertainment / Atomic Revolutionary Wrestling AWE / ARW Tag Team Championship – with Vertigo Rivera Mid-Ohio Wrestling Mid-Ohio Tag Team Championship – with Cyrus Poe Pro Wrestling Illustrated Ranked No. 173 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2019 Madman Fulton on Twitter

James Fredrick “Jimmy” King is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, played by Nick Miles. He made his first appearance on 19 February 2004 and has appeared on the show since. Introduced alongside brothers Matthew and Carl, as well as his father Tom, Jimmy has evolved from a hard, cold businessman to a devoted husband and a comedy character; this personality transformation followed the deaths of all his brothers in 2005, 2008 and 2012 his father's demise in 2006 and a marriage to Nicola De Souza. Jimmy's storylines have included his various business dealings, a feud with the Sugden family, being stabbed by Daz Eden following an arson attack which he started, the breakdown of his marriage to Sadie King, his marriage to Nicola, becoming a father in life, suffering from amnesia following a blow to the head by Kelly Windsor, money troubles and discovering he had a son following sperm donation. Born when his father Tom was building up his empire, Jimmy didn't have the same privileges as his brothers - and it shows.

He began working for his father at fifteen. Charles Maguire was a thorn between Jimmy and Tom for some time, as an idealistic Jimmy disputed his father's business tactics. For many years, Jimmy was an awkward, dippy man, stumbling through business and a disastrous marriage; the closest enemy he had, apart from himself, was his brother Matthew, who coveted and won Jimmy's place in the family business and Sadie King's bed. As time passed and Matthew became closer and Jimmy found love with Kelly Windsor. Kelly, along with the arrival of their half-sister, Scarlett Nicholls, made him a more caring individual. Jimmy and Sadie's marriage seemed perfect, she was a stunning blonde, determined to see him succeed. Sadly, they disagreed on one issue - he was desperate to be a dad but Sadie had no intention of getting pregnant; when Jimmy found out, he was horrified. Worried about her marriage, Sadie changed her mind but her determination to get rid of Charity Tate ended their marriage for good. Sick of being made a fool of by Sadie and his family, Jimmy fell into Charity's trap.

Sadie had told Tom that Charity was cheating on him so she got revenge and cleared her name by sleeping with Jimmy and videotaped him telling her about Sadie's lies. She demanded Jimmy pay her £200,000 not to show the tape to Tom and he did but she played the tape regardless; the results were catastrophic. Sadie dumped Jimmy and Tom disowned him so he joined forces with a rival businessman - but this didn't last. Tom soon welcomed him back into the fold. Relations between Jimmy and Sadie, descended into war and Jimmy hid his assets so Sadie's settlement was reduced. Angry, she bought land. Jimmy was made it clear that their marriage was over, moving on with Kelly, they enjoyed a brief romance but Sadie ruined it by telling Jimmy about Kelly's career as a glamour model. Horrified, he dumped Kelly and started flirting with The Woolpack barmaid, Toni Daggert, who hoped to become his PA, but Paddy ruined that so he concentrated on the business. Jimmy wanted to make Tom proud. Matthew and Sadie, plotted to ruin Jimmy and their scheming cost him a deal with Don Clough.

Furious, he threw himself into launching the Kings River development but Matthew and Sadie paid Cain Dingle to damage the showhome, which he did. Jimmy had the damage assessed but wanting to open the show home on time, he had the damage patched up and planned to get it repaired properly later. Sadly no one noticed that the gas pipes had been damaged and the house exploded at the opening, killing three people and injuring others, including Jimmy, his injuries were serious enough for him to go to a convalescent home and on his return, he found Tom was dating Rosemary Sinclair. He and his brothers tried to tell Tom that she was a nasty piece of work but he wouldn't listen, their wedding was planned for Christmas Day and Tom gave Rosemary Home Farm Estates as a wedding present but the day ended tragically when Tom fell from his bedroom window. Jimmy and his brothers were suspicious of each other; the lack of evidence ensured that Tom's killer was never found but Rosemary knew one of her stepsons was responsible.

Matthew and Jimmy were horrified when their brother Carl admitted he was responsible, damaging family relations but at the reading of Tom's will, they were shocked to find out about Tom's affair with Carrie Nicholls and their half-sister, Scarlett. Matthew wanted to buy her share of the family firm and Carl ignored them. Family man Jimmy embraced his new sister. Jimmy and Kelly reconciled just before Christmas. Kelly had told her family she planned to bleed Jimmy dry in revenge for Dawn Woods' death but didn't as she fell in love with him. After dumping her when he discovered her plan, Jimmy realised Kelly did love him and they reconciled, she supported him after Tom died giving him an alibi and they got engaged. While planning their wedding, Kelly discovered, she seemed happy and asked her agent if her career would be affected by her taking a year off but her agent told her that her career would be over if she had a baby so she had an abortion, thinking she and Jimmy could have children later.

Scarlett went with Kelly but had to tell Carrie when a le

QAL is an open source development project that aims to create a collection of libraries for mixing, merging and transforming data. Sources and destinations include different database backends, file formats like.csv, XML and spreadsheets. Untidy HTML web pages can be used as both a source and destination. For SQL/RDBMS backends, it has a database abstraction layer that supports basic connectivity to Postgres, MySQL / MariaDB, DB2, Oracle and MS SQL Server, it uses XML formats for representation of queries and merging, making it all processable by scripts. With regards to SQL, QAL uses a subset of SQL features and data types, which while not complete however is sufficient for most usages, it is however easy to instead use backend-specific SQL when the queries do not have to be backend-agnostic. It is distributed as a Python Library and a Debian package file, it is related to the Optimal BPM project. The Optimal BPM SourceForge project used to be DAL/QAL; this article incorporates http://sourceforge.net/projects/qal/ text available under the CC0 license.

QAL Documentation and examples API documentation

Rapid City Regional Airport is a public use airport, nine miles southeast of Rapid City, in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility; the airport covers 1,655 acres at an elevation of 3,203 feet. It has two runways: 14/32 is 8,701 by 150 feet concrete and 5/23 is 3,601 by 75 feet asphalt. In 2015 the airport had 42,989 aircraft operations, average 118 per day: 55% general aviation, 27% air taxi, 10% military and 8% airline. In September 2017, there were 118 aircraft based at this airport: 87 single-engine, 25 multi-engine, 5 jet, 1 glider; the terminal building opened in 1988. It includes 12,000 square feet of new floor space, the addition of three jet bridges and one boarding gate, an expanded security area with room for up to three lanes and body scanners, a new rental car wing, additional seating in the concourse, larger restrooms before and after security, modernized phone and data systems, new flight information boards, improved food service and shopping areas in the concourse, a rooftop patio, energy-efficient windows and building exterior repair.

As the main gateway airport to the Black Hills, the airport provides service to 14 destinations across the United States - the most destinations of any commercial airport in the state of South Dakota. The following airlines offer scheduled passenger service: Official airport Website "Rapid City Regional Airport". Page from the South Dakota DOT Airport Directory FAA Airport Diagram, effective February 27, 2020 FAA Terminal Procedures for RAP, effective February 27, 2020 Resources for this airport: AirNav airport information for KRAP ASN accident history for RAP FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days SkyVector aeronautical chart for KRAP FAA current RAP delay information