Maytham al-Tammar
Maytham ibn Yahyā al-Tammār or Maytham al-Tammar was an early Islamic scholar, a companion and disciple of Ali ibn Abi Talib and a forefather of Sufism. Maytham ibn Yahyā was born at an area near Kufa, he was the son of Yahyā. Hence, ibn Yahyā. A lady from Banu Asad bought Maytham. Accordingly, Maytham worked for this lady until the caliphate of Imam Ali; the first title/address was Mawali. But after Maytham was freed from the shackles of slavery, he no longer was addressed as a Mawali; the second and most famous title given to Maytham was al-Tammar. Tammar stems from the Arabic word Tammer. In Arabic, Tammer means dates. Therefore, al-Tammar means "the date seller". In Hebrew, Tamar means date palm, or dates. Maytham received the title al-Tammar because he owned a market store in Kufa where he would sell dates and other types of fruit. In addition, al-Kufi was another title given to Maytham. Al-Kufi means a person from Kufa. After the time of Muhammad and the caliphate of Uthman, Imam Ali became Caliph in the year 656 AD.
As the new caliph, Imam Ali moved the Islamic capital from Medina to Kufa for two reasons: to keep Mu'awiyah in check, because Kufa had an illustrious history. Moving to Kufa, Imam Ali use to go around the city of Kufa, it is documented that if he encountered a slave he would try to free her. One day, Imam Ali saw a lady from the Banu Asad tribe. Imam Ali approached the woman and began to converse with her, in order to purchasing the slave, Salim; the two started to negotiate a price, the lady's initial asking price was 50 dinar. As Imam Ali gave her the 50 dinar she changed the price to 100 dinar, she kept raising the price, since she realized that Imam Ali was willing to pay her a much higher price. Seeing the price soar, a companion of Imam Ali asked, "O Amir al-Momineen, this man? What is he? He's a Persian, he is a slave, what the point of paying this much?" She settled at 500 dinar. Imam Ali handed her the 500 dinar, she called Salim and stated to him that Imam Ali has purchased you. After buying Salim, Imam Ali set him free from the shackles of slavery for the way of Allah.
It demonstrated the Islamic view of slavery. The only thing that differentiates a human is their Taqwa. Islam called for a gradual emancipation of slaves. Meaning that masters/owners should not just set slaves free but they should help them build a foundation financially so that they could support themselves. Thus, Imam Ali took Maytham under his wings. Moreover, a person who frees a slave is showered with blessing and would be protected from hell fire. After Imam Ali set him free, he greeted Salim by the name Maytham. Maytham was the name. Upon hearing a stranger calling him by Maytham, Salim was shocked and astonished that a person other than his parents knew about his real name, he questioned Imam Ali as to. Imam Ali replied, "Come. Allah's Apostle has told me. Still shocked, Maytham willing went with Imam Ali who would become his best friend and teacher. Salim himself narrates this event: Imam Ali: "Salamu alaykum Maytham." Salim: "What did you say?" Imam Ali: "Salamu alaykum Maytham." Salim: "Nobody knows my name except my parents.
How did you know my name?" Imam Ali: "Do not worry, there are areas of knowledge that I may know, which you do not know. Come near me. I want you to come with me." Salim: "How did you know my name? There is no one in Kufa. My mother named me Maytham. Only a person of great knowledge knows that thats my original name." Imam Ali: "Come with me do not worry. Allah's Apostle has told me that the Iranians call you Maytham." Salim: "Allah and His Apostle are truthful."Other narrations state that Imam Ali tells Salim, "Your name is Maytham, you are Iranian, you are of Iranian origin. Be proud of your Iranian origin." The caliph, Imam Ali, would at times visit the market place of Kufa. In his visits he would stop by Maytham's store to converse with him. One day, Maytham was at his market store in Kufa selling dates. Imam Ali said to him to take a prayer break. Other variants of this event state that Imam Ali told Maytham to visit his family. Another variant states. Before leaving, Maytham requested Imam Ali to sell some dates.
While Maytham was gone, Imam Ali looked over his shop. A shopper came looking to buy some dates, he looked around and them purchased four dates from Imam Ali. Some variants say, but he purchased the dates using counterfeit money. Maytham returned to his stall and asked Imam Ali if he managed to sell any dates. Imam Ali tells Maytham he sold some handed Maytham the money. Maytham was shocked that Imam Ali did not realize that the money was fake. However, Imam Ali mentions to Maytham to remain patient because the shopper would come back for a reason. Maytham became confused, he had a feeling that the shopper would not come back because he got free dates. A couple hours passed by, the man returned to Maytham's market shop upset at the taste of the dates that he purchased from th
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God, that Muhammad is the messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24% of the world's population, most known as Muslims. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 50 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful and has guided humankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs; the primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God, the teachings and normative example of Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith, revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran in its original Arabic to be the final revelation of God. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous punished in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, following Islamic law, which touches on every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment.
The cities of Mecca and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam. Aside from the theological narrative, Islam is believed to have originated in the early 7th century CE in Mecca, by the 8th century the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east; the Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century, during the Abbasid Caliphate, when much of the Muslim world was experiencing a scientific and cultural flourishing. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates, such as the Ottoman Empire and conversion to Islam by missionary activities. Most Muslims are of one of two denominations. About 13 % of Muslims live in the largest Muslim-majority country. Sizeable Muslim communities are found in the Americas, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, Mainland Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Russia. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world. Islam is a verbal noun originating from the triliteral root S-L-M which forms a large class of words relating to concepts of wholeness, submission and peace.
In a religious context it means "voluntary submission to God". Islām is the verbal noun of Form IV of the root, means "submission" or "surrender". Muslim, the word for an adherent of Islam, is the active participle of the same verb form, means "submitter" or "one who surrenders"; the word sometimes has distinct connotations in its various occurrences in the Quran. In some verses, there is stress on the quality of Islam as an internal spiritual state: "Whomsoever God desires to guide, He opens his heart to Islam." Other verses connect Islam and religion together: "Today, I have perfected your religion for you. Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith. In the Hadith of Gabriel, islām is presented as one part of a triad that includes imān, ihsān. Islam was called Muhammadanism in Anglophone societies; this term has fallen out of use and is sometimes said to be offensive because it suggests that a human being rather than God is central to Muslims' religion, parallel to Buddha in Buddhism.
Some authors, continue to use the term Muhammadanism as a technical term for the religious system as opposed to the theological concept of Islam that exists within that system. Faith in the Islamic creed is represented as the six articles of faith, notably spelled out in the Hadith of Gabriel. Islam is seen as having the simplest doctrines of the major religions, its most fundamental concept is a rigorous monotheism, called tawḥīd. God is described in chapter 112 of the Quran as: "He is God, the One and Only. Muslims repudiate polytheism and idolatry, called Shirk, reject the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. In Islam, God is beyond all comprehension and thus. God is described and referred to by certain names or attributes, the most common being Al-Rahmān, meaning "The Compassionate" and Al-Rahīm, meaning "The Merciful". Muslims believe that the creation of everything in the universe was brought into being by God's sheer command, "Be, it is" and that the purpose of existence is to worship or to know God.
He is viewed as a personal god who responds whenever a person in distress calls him. There are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God who states, "I am nearer to him than jugular vein." God consciousness is referred to as Taqwa. Allāh is the term with no plural or gender used by Muslims and Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews to reference God, while ʾilāh is the term used for a deity or a god in general. Other non-Arab Muslims might use different names as much as Allah, for instance "Tanrı" in Turkish, "Khodā" in Persian or "Ḵẖudā" in Urdu. Belief in angels is fundamental
Damascus
Damascus is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic. It is colloquially known in Syria as aš-Šām and titled the "City of Jasmine". In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world; the city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 as of 2009. Located in south-western Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area of 2.7 million people. Geographically embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres above sea level, Damascus experiences a semi-arid climate because of the rain shadow effect; the Barada River flows through Damascus. First settled in the second millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. Damascus saw a political decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods.
Today, it is all of the government ministries. As of 2018, Damascus has witnessed repeated conflicts and has been considered by Mercer as one of the most unfavorable places to live; the name of Damascus first appeared in the geographical list of Thutmose III as / T-m-ś-q in the 15th century BC. The etymology of the ancient name "T-m-ś-q" is uncertain, it is attested as Imerišú in Akkadian, T-m-ś-q in Egyptian, Dammaśq in Old Aramaic and Dammeśeq in Biblical Hebrew. A number of Akkadian spellings are found in the Amarna letters, from the 14th century BC: Dimasqa, Dimàsqì, Dimàsqa. Aramaic spellings of the name include an intrusive resh influenced by the root dr, meaning "dwelling". Thus, the English and Latin name of the city is "Damascus", imported from originated from "the Qumranic Darmeśeq, Darmsûq in Syriac", meaning "a well-watered land". In Arabic, the city is called Dimašqu š-Šāmi, although this is shortened to either Dimašq or aš-Šām by the citizens of Damascus, of Syria and other Arab neighbors and Turkey.
Aš-Šām is an Arabic term for "Levant" and for "Syria". Baalshamin or Ba'al Šamem, was a Semitic sky-god in Canaan/Phoenicia and ancient Palmyra. Hence, Sham refers to. Damascus was built in a strategic site on a plateau 680 m above sea level and about 80 km inland from the Mediterranean, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon mountains, supplied with water by the Barada River, at a crossroads between trade routes: the north-south route connecting Egypt with Asia Minor, the east-west cross-desert route connecting Lebanon with the Euphrates river valley; the Anti-Lebanon mountains mark the border between Lebanon. The range has peaks of over 10,000 ft. and blocks precipitation from the Mediterranean sea, so that the region of Damascus is sometimes subject to droughts. However, in ancient times this was mitigated by the Barada River, which originates from mountain streams fed by melting snow. Damascus is surrounded by the Ghouta, irrigated farmland where many vegetables and fruits have been farmed since ancient times.
Maps of Roman Syria indicate that the Barada river emptied into a lake of some size east of Damascus. Today it is called Bahira Atayba, the hesitant lake, because in years of severe drought it does not exist; the modern city has an area of 105 km2, out of which 77 km2 is urban, while Jabal Qasioun occupies the rest. The old city of Damascus, enclosed by the city walls, lies on the south bank of the river Barada, dry. To the south-east and north-east it is surrounded by suburban areas whose history stretches back to the Middle Ages: Midan in the south-west and Imara in the north and north-west; these neighborhoods arose on roads leading out of the city, near the tombs of religious figures. In the 19th century outlying villages developed on the slopes of Jabal Qasioun, overlooking the city the site of the al-Salihiyah neighborhood centered on the important shrine of medieval Andalusian Sheikh and philosopher Ibn Arabi; these new neighborhoods were settled by Kurdish soldiery and Muslim refugees from the European regions of the Ottoman Empire which had fallen under Christian rule.
Thus they were known as al-Muhajirin. They lay 2–3 km north of the old city. From the late 19th century on, a modern administrative and commercial center began to spring up to the west of the old city, around the Barada, centered on the area known as al-Marjeh or the meadow. Al-Marjeh soon became the name of what was the central square of modern Damascus, with the city hall in it; the courts of justice, post office and railway station stood on higher ground to the south. A Europeanized residential quarter soon began to be built on the road leading between al-Marjeh and al-Salihiyah; the commercial and administrative center of the new city shifted northwards towards this area. In the 20th century, newer suburbs developed north of the Barada, to some extent to the south, invading the Ghouta oasis. In 1956–1957 the new neighborhood of Yarmouk bec
Ammar ibn Yasir
ʻAmmār ibn Yāsir ibn ʿĀmir ibn Mālik Abū al-Yaqzān was one of the Muhajirun in the history of Islam and, for his dedicated devotion to Islam's cause, is considered to be one of the most loyal and beloved companions of Muhammad and ‘Ali. Ammar ibn Yasir is the first Muslim to build a mosque, he is referred to by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions. Some Shia consider Ammar's ultimate fate to be unique among the fates of Muhammad's companions, for they perceive his death at the battle of Siffin as the decisive distinguisher between the righteous group and the sinful one in the First Fitna. ʻAmmar belonged to Banu Makhzum tribe in Hijaz. He was born in the Year of the Elephant, the same year as Muhammad's birth, in Mecca and was one of the intermediaries in the Muhammad's marriage to Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, his father, Yasir ibn Amir, was from the tribe of Qahtan in Yemen and migrated to Mecca and settled down there by marrying Sumayyah bint Khayyat, a slave woman. Ammar's trust in and knowledge of Muhammad's credibility before his prophethood, encouraged him to follow Muhammad's prophetic visions as one of the earliest converts.
ʻAmmar converted to Islam in 614 or 615 CE under the direct influence of Abu Bakr. This coincided with the period; as Ammar told his grandson: "I met Suhayb ibn Sinan at the door of the house of Al-Arqam while the Messenger of Allah was in it. I asked him,'What do you want?' He said to me,'What do you want?' I answered,'I want to go to Muhammad and listen to what he says.' He said,'That is what I want.' We entered and he presented Islam to us and we became Muslim. We spent the day until evening and went out concealing ourselves." Ammar's father and brother became Muslims, though not at Abu Bakr's invitation. When Quraysh knew of the conversion of Yasir's family to Islam, they were among the "victims who were tortured at Makka to make them recant." The Makhzum clan used to take out Ammar ibn Yasir with his father and mother in the heat of the day and expose them to the excessively-hot environment of Mecca and torture them in the scorches of the open fire, Muhammad used to pass by them and say, "Patience, O family of Yasir!
Your meeting-place will be Paradise" and "O fire! Be cool and harmless for ‘Ammar in the same manner in which you became cool and harmless for Ibrahim. Ammar was tortured ``," as was his friend Suhayb. Afterwards he confessed his recantation. Muhammad asked, "How do you find your heart?" When Ammar replied that he was still a Muslim in his heart, Muhammad said. A verse of the Qur'an, "someone forced to do it whose heart remains at rest in its faith", refers to Ammar. Ammar's mother was murdered by Abu Jahl for her refusal to abandon Islam: she is considered the first Muslim martyr; the opening verses of Surat Al-Ankabut were revealed in response to this tragic event. To escape the torture of the Meccans at the time, it is alleged that Ammar went to Abyssinia in 616, but Ibn Ishaq doubts this, he was one of the few warriors who participated in the first major battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. Muhammad's elite forces included the closest companions of his, namely Ali, Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib, Mus`ab ibn `Umair, Az-Zubair bin Al-'Awwam,'Ammar ibn Yasir, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Abu Bakr and Umar.
Of noteworthy mention, because of the austere nature of the Muslims' living conditions at the time, they brought only some camels and few horses, meaning that they either had to walk or fit three to four men per camel. Besides his major involvement in Islam's military campaigns, this incident in Muhammad's life proved to be of most importance -historically- to Muslims: while ʻAmmār was participating in building The Prophet's Mosque in Medina, " came in when they had overloaded him with bricks saying,'They are killing me, they load me with burdens they can't carry themselves.' Umm Salama the prophet's wife said: I saw the apostle run his hand through is hair--for he was a curly-haired man--and say'Alas Ibn Sumayya! It is not they who will kill you but a wicked band of men.'... Now he had a stick in his hand and the apostle was angry and said,'What is wrong between them and ʻAmmār? He invites them to Paradise while they invite him to hell.'" These reports, viewed as valid by both Sunnis and Shi'is, would be important during the issue of succession and in interpreting ʻAmmār's death in the Battle of Siffin.
After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, ʻAmmar refused to give Bay'ah to Abu Bakr, he instead followed Ali ibn Abi Talib whom he believed to be the legitimate successor of Muhammad and the only one whom Muhammad had appointed as his successor. Under ʻUmar, he became governor of Kufa, however he was soon removed from power by Umar. On another account, Umar dismissed Ammar to avoid unrest in Kufa (because of unfair com
Muğdat Mosque
Muğdat Mosque is a large mosque in Mersin, Turkey. It is named after one of the early Muslims; the mosque was built in 1980s in the Yenişehir second-level district of Mersin. Although the official name of the neighbourhood is Gazi, it is called Muğdat after the name of the mosque; the mosque is situated at the north of the Mersin Naval Museum. Its distance to Mediterranean sea side is about 300 metres; the total area of the mosque including the yard is 7,900 square metres and the base area of the building is 3,070 square metres The mosque has a capacity to offer service to 5500 people. With this capacity it is the largest mosque in Mersin and the third largest mosque built during the Republican era of Turkey, it is one of the three six-minaret mosques of Turkey. The height of the minarets is 81 metres. On each minaret there are three minaret balconies. Muğdat mosque is a complex like the traditional Ottoman mosques. In addition to religious services, the mosque has facilities including a conference room, a library, a guest house and a health center.
The basement of the building is a supermarket. Photo gallery
Yemen
Yemen known as the Republic of Yemen, is a country at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. Yemen is the second-largest Arab sovereign state in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 square kilometres; the coastline stretches for about 2,000 kilometres. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south, the Arabian Sea and Oman to the east. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands. Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a, but the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015. Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans, a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years and included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. In 275 CE, the region came under the rule of the Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom. Christianity arrived in the fourth century. Islam spread in the seventh century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the expansion of the early Islamic conquests.
Administration of Yemen has long been notoriously difficult. Several dynasties emerged from the ninth to 16th centuries, the Rasulid dynasty being the strongest and most prosperous; the country was divided between the British empires in the early twentieth century. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established after World War I in North Yemen before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. South Yemen remained a British protectorate known as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an independent state and a Marxist-Leninist state; the two Yemeni states united to form the modern republic of Yemen in 1990. Yemen is the poorest country in the Middle East. Under the rule of President Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen was described by critics as a kleptocracy. According to the 2009 International Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International, Yemen ranked 164 out of 182 countries surveyed. In the absence of strong state institutions, elite politics in Yemen constituted a de facto form of collaborative governance, where competing tribal, regional and political interests agreed to hold themselves in check through tacit acceptance of the balance it produced.
The informal political settlement was held together by a power-sharing deal among three men: President Saleh, who controlled the state. The Saudi payments have been intended to facilitate the tribes' autonomy from the Yemeni government and to give the Saudi government a mechanism with which to weigh in on Yemen's political decision-making, it is a member of the United Nations, Arab League, Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation, G-77, Non-Aligned Movement, Arab Satellite Communications Organization, Arab Monetary Fund and the World Federation of Trade Unions. Since 2011, Yemen has been in a state of political crisis starting with street protests against poverty, unemployment and president Saleh's plan to amend Yemen's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit, in effect making him president for life. President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, formally elected president on 21 February 2012 in a one-man election.
The total absence of central government during this transitional process engendered the escalation of the several clashes on-going in the country, like the armed conflict between the Houthi rebels of Ansar Allah militia and the al-Islah forces, as well as the al-Qaeda insurgency. In September 2014, the Houthis took over Sana'a with the help of the ousted president Saleh declaring themselves in control of the country after a coup d'état; this resulted in a new civil war and a Saudi Arabian-led military intervention aimed at restoring Hadi's government. At least 56,000 civilians and combatants have been killed in armed violence in Yemen since January 2016; the conflict has resulted in a famine, affecting 17 million people. The lack of safe drinking water, caused by depleted aquifers and the destruction of the country's water infrastructure, has caused the world's worst outbreak of cholera, with the number of suspected cases exceeding 994,751. Over 2,226 people have died since the outbreak began to spread at the end of April 2017.
In 2016 the United Nations reported that Yemen is the country with the most people in need of humanitarian aid in the world with 21.2 million. The term Yamnat was mentioned in Old South Arabian inscriptions on the title of one of the kings of the second Himyarite kingdom known as Shammar Yahrʽish II; the term was referring to the southwestern coastline of the Arabian peninsula and the southern coastline between Aden and Hadramout. The historical Yemen includes much greater territory than that of the current republic of Yemen, it stretches from the northern'Asir Region in southwestern Saudi Arabia to Dhofar Governorate in southern Oman. One etymology derives Yemen from ymnt, meaning "South", plays on the notion of the land to the right. Other sources claim that Yemen is related to yamn or yumn, meaning "felicity" or "blessed", as much of the country is fertile; the Romans called it Arabia Felix, as opposed to Arabia Deserta. Latin and Greek writers used the name "India" to re
Ja'far ibn Abi Talib
Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib known as Jaʿfar aṭ-Ṭayyār, was a companion of the Islamic Nabi Muhammad, an older brother of Ali. Ja'far was the third son of Abu Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad, hence a cousin of Muhammad, his older brothers were Talib and Aqil, his younger brothers were Ali and Tulayq, his sisters were Fakhita and Raytah. When there was a drought in his birthplace of Mecca, Abu Talib could not afford to support his family, his brother Abbas therefore took charge of the young Ja'far. Ja'far was an early convert to Islam, he married Asma bint Umays, who converted to Islam in 614-615. When the Muslims were harassed in Mecca, several of them migrated to Abyssinia. Ja'far joined the second flight in 616. There they obtained the protection of the Negus, Ashama ibn Abjar, could worship God unhindered. Ja'far and Asma lived in Abyssinia for about twelve years. Three sons were born to them there: Abdullah and Awn; the Quraysh, suspicious of their motives for leaving Arabia, sent Abdullah ibn Abi Rabiah and'Amr ibn al-'As to negotiate with the Negus to bring the emigrants back to Mecca.
They gave presents of leather-goods to the Negus and his officials and gave him a bad report of the Muslims. The Negus replied that he had promised protection to the Muslims and therefore could not hand them over without hearing their side of the story; when the Muslims were called to answer to the Negus, Ja’far was their spokesman. The Negus asked them what was the religion for which they had forsaken their people, without entering into his religion or any other. Ja'far replied: "We were an uncivilised people. God sent us an apostle who commanded us to speak the truth, be faithful to our engagements, mindful of the ties of kinship and kindly hospitality, to refrain from crimes and bloodshed, he forbade us to commit abominations and to speak lies, to devour the property of orphans, to vilify chaste women. He commanded us to worship God alone and not to associate anything with Him, he gave us orders about prayer and fasting. So we believed in him and what he brought to us from Allah, we follow what he asked us to do and we avoid what he forbade us to do."The Negus asked if Ja'far had with him anything that Muhammad had received from God.
Ja'far recited for him the first portion of Surah Maryam in the Quran, which narrates the story of Isa and his mother Maryam. On hearing these words, "the Negus wept until his beard was wet and the bishops wept until their scrolls were wet." The Negus said. The two Quraysh delegates alleged that the Muslims called Jesus a created being, so the Negus asked Ja'far what he thought of Jesus. Ja'far answered: "Our prophet says he is God's slave, apostle and word, which he cast into Mary the blessed virgin."At this the Negus returned the gifts of the Quraysh, calling them "bribes," and "they left his presence crestfallen." The Muslims continued to live with the Negus “comfortably in the best security.” It is said. He accompanied Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and others in their mission to the Chittagong-Manipur-Tibet-Khotan-China region; the Muslims of the oasis-city of Khotan trace their origin to Ja'far. Thereafter Ja'far returned to Abyssinia. Arnold however claims "there is not the slightest historical base for this legend."
In summer 628, the last of the Muslim immigrants departed from Abyssinia to join the Muslim community in Medina. Ja'far and his family were among them. On arriving at Medina, Ja ` far heard. Ja'far set out to join the army, arrived just as Muhammad had won the battle. Muhammad greeted him with the words: "I do not know which event makes me happier – the arrival of Ja'far or the conquest of Khaybar!"Ja'far was famous for his acts of charity in Medina. Abu Hurairah recalled: "The most generous of all the people to the poor was Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, he used to offer us what was available therein. He would offer us an empty folded leather container which we would split and lick whatever was in it." In September 629, Muhammad mobilized an army to confront Byzantine forces in Syria, because a Byzantine governor had killed one of his emissaries. He appointed Zayd ibn Harithah as commander of the army and instructed: "If Zayd is wounded or killed, Ja’far ibn Abu Talib will take over the command. If Ja'far is killed or wounded, Abdullah ibn Rawahah will take his place.
If Abdullah is killed let the Muslims appoint themselves a commander."The Muslims met the Byzantines at Mu'tah, where they were outnumbered. Zayd was among the first Muslims to be killed in the battle, Ja'far took over his standard and assumed command. Mounted on his horse, he penetrated deep into the Byzantine ranks; as he spurred his horse on, he called out: "How wonderful is Paradise as it draws near! How pleasant and cool is its drink! Punishment for the Byzantines is not far away!" Ja'far fought until both his arms were cut off, but he was killed. "A Roman cut him in two halves. One half fell on the grape vine, thirty wounds were found on it; the body of Ja'far held seventy-two scars between his shoulders, where he had been either struck by a sword or pierced by a spear." When the news reached Muhammad, he prayed for Ja ` far's soul. He reported that the angel Jibril came down to console him, saying: "Jafar was a brave and loyal soldier. God has given him everlasting life, in place of his arms whic
