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Science fiction film
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Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. The genre has existed since the years of silent cinema. The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis - being the first feature length science fiction movie, from the 1930s to the 1950s, the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies. After Stanley Kubricks landmark 2001, A Space Odyssey, the fiction film genre was taken more seriously. This definition suggests a continuum between empiricism and transcendentalism, with science fiction film on the side of empiricism, and horror film, however, there are numerous well-known examples of science fiction horror films, epitomized by such pictures as Frankenstein and Alien. The visual style of fiction film can be characterized by a clash between alien and familiar images. This clash is implemented when alien images become familiar, as in A Clockwork Orange, as well, familiar images become alien, as in the films Repo Man and Liquid Sky. For example, in Dr. Strangelove, the, distortion of the make the familiar images seem more alien. Finally, alien and familiar images are juxtaposed, as in The Deadly Mantis, Science fiction films appeared early in the silent film era, typically as short films shot in black and white, sometimes with colour tinting. They usually had a theme and were often intended to be humorous. In 1902, Georges Méliès released Le Voyage dans la Lune, generally considered the first science fiction film, several early films merged the science fiction and horror genres. Examples of this are Frankenstein, a adaptation of Mary Shelleys novel. Taking a more adventurous tack,20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a based on Jules Verne’s famous novel of a wondrous submarine. In the 1920s, European filmmakers tended to use science fiction for prediction and social commentary, as can be seen in German films such as Metropolis and Frau im Mond. In the 1930s, there were big budget science fiction films, notably Just Imagine, King Kong, Things to Come. Starting in 1936, a number of science fiction comic strips were adapted as serials, notably Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers and these serials, and the comic strips they were based on, were very popular with the general public. Other notable science fiction films of the 1930s include Frankenstein, Bride of Frankenstein, Doctor X, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, F. P. The 1940s brought us Before I Hang, Black Friday, Dr. Cyclops, The Devil Commands, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Man Made Monster, It Happened Tomorrow, It Happens Every Spring and The Perfect Woman
2.
Perry Rhodan
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Having sold approximately two billion copies worldwide alone, it is the most successful science fiction book series ever written. The first billion of sales was celebrated in 1986. When Ace cancelled its translation of the series, translator Wendayne Ackerman self-published the following 19 novels, financial disputes with the German publishers led to the cancellation of the American translation in 1979. The series and its spin-offs have captured a substantial fraction of the original German science fiction output, the series is told in an arc storyline structure. An arc—called a cycle — would have anywhere from 25 to 100 issues devoted to it, ‘Perry Rhodan, der Erbe des Universums’ was created by German science fiction authors K. H. Scheer and Walter Ernsting and launched in 1961 by German publishing house Arthur Moewig Verlag. Originally planned as a 30 to 50 volume series, it has published continuously every week since. Unlike most German Heftromane Perry Rhodan consists not of unconnected novels but is a series with a continuous, increasingly complex plotline, in addition to its original Heftroman form, the series now also appears in hardcovers, paperbacks, e-books, comics and audiobooks. Over the decades there have also been comic strips, numerous collectibles, several encyclopedias, audio plays, inspired music, the series has seen partial translations into several languages. It also spawned the 1967 movie Mission Stardust, which is considered so terrible that many fans of the series pretend it never existed. The story line starts in 1971 with the first manned landing by U. S. Space Force Major Perry Rhodan and his crew, who discover a marooned extraterrestrial space ship from the planet Arkon in the M13 cluster, appropriating the Arkonide technology, they proceed to unify Terra and carve out a place for humanity in the galaxy and the cosmos. As the series progresses, major characters, including the character, are granted relative immortality. It is relative in the sense that they are immune to age and disease, the universe in which the plot regularly takes place is called the Einstein Universe. Its laws are mostly identical to those of our real universe, newer theories about dark matter and dark energy are currently not used in the series, and sometimes the laws of nature follow old theories that have been disproven - to protect the plot. This Einstein Universe is only one in an ensemble of universes. The Einstein Universe is embedded in a manifold, called Hyperspace. This hyperspace consists of several subspaces, that are used by different technologies for faster-than-light travel, the exact traits of those higher dimensions are not thoroughly explained. The border of the universe is a called the deep
3.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
4.
Walter Ernsting
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Walter Ernsting was a German science fiction and fantasy author who mainly published under the pseudonym Clark Darlton. He grew up in Koblenz and was drafted into the German Wehrmacht shortly after the beginning of World War II and he served in an intelligence unit in Norway and on the Eastern Front where he was captured and spent several years as a prisoner of war in Siberia. After returning to Germany, Ernsting started to work as a translator for the British authorities in 1952, intrigued with this literary genre, he started working on some science fiction novels of his own, but Germanys cultural climate was apparently not ready for native science fiction authors. Ernsting finally managed to get some of his novels published by inventing a fictitious British author, Clark Darlton and his first novel, Ufo am Nachthimmel, was published in 1955 as issue 19 of Utopia Großband. Ernsting published several novels under the Darlton pseudonym and on August 4,1955, together with other science fiction authors, until the end of the 1960s, Ernsting worked as an editor for the clubs magazine, Andromeda, and became an important figure in German science fiction fandom. Over the course of his lifetime, Ernsting wrote more than 300 science fiction novels, asteroid 15265, discovered in 1990, was named after Ernsting in 2003. Ernsting started his science career in 1954 as translator for the new science fiction novel collection Utopia Großband of the publishing house Erich Pabel Verlag. In 1955 he got to be editor of this collection and started the readers column Meteoriten, in 1958 he changed to the publishing house Moewig Verlag, Munich and its series for science fiction novels Terra and its magazine Galaxis. He still wrote science fiction novels and stories using the pseudonyms Clark Darlton, in 1961, Ernsting, his colleague K. H. Scheer and other authors invented what would become the most successful German science fiction series, Perry Rhodan. Ernsting also invented a number of races and many of the series supporting characters. He stayed with the series until issue 1622, which was published in 1992
5.
Gianni Rizzo
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Gianni Rizzo was an Italian film actor. Between 1944 and 1986 he appeared in over seventy films and television productions and his screen roles included parts in a number of peplum films, such as The Vengeance of Ursus. He also appeared in Italian spy films, spaghetti westerns, and even played the villain in the cult classic 1967 Perry Rhodan movie and he died in 1992 at age 66. Cinema Italiano, The Complete Guide from Classics to Cult, gianni Rizzo at the Internet Movie Database
