1.
Governor of Missouri
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Following is a list of Governors of Missouri since its territory became part of the United States. Missouri was part of the Louisiana Purchase, which the United States purchased from France in 1803, in its first year it was part of Louisiana. In 1804 all of the territory above what is modern-day Louisiana was broken off and administered by a governor based in St. Louis, prior to the purchase both France and Spain administered the territory in a similar manner. France initially had a commandant in charge of Upper Louisiana, Spain around 1770 began having a lieutenant governor in St. Louis and governor in New Orleans, Louisiana ruling the whole territory. For a list of governors under Spanish and French rule see Louisiana Governor, for a list of lieutenant governors ruling Upper Louisiana under French and Spanish control see List of commandants of the Illinois Country. Since the state moved to Jefferson City in 1826 the governor has lived on the same block in the Missouri Governors Mansion a block east of the Missouri State Capitol. The current governor of Missouri is Republican Eric Greitens, the act took effect October 1,1804, upon which the District of Louisiana was placed under the governance of Indiana Territory, then governed by William Henry Harrison. Congress responded by passing an act on March 3,1805 which changed the name of the District of Louisiana to the Territory of Louisiana, power was vested in a governor who was appointed by the President to a term of 3 years. During times of vacancy, the secretary would act as governor, on June 4,1812, the Territory of Louisiana was renamed to the Territory of Missouri to avoid confusion with the newly admitted state of Louisiana. Later, Arkansas Territory was separated from the Territory of Missouri on July 4,1819, parties Democratic-Republican Democratic Republican Liberal Republican Missouri, a slave state, was a border state during the Civil War under Union control. However, it was recognized as a Confederate state by the Confederate government and was represented in the Confederate Congress. There were two competing governments for the course of the war, the Emancipation Proclamation did not consider Missouri a seceding state, therefore it was not part of Reconstruction. The Missouri Provisional Government is considered the one on this list. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Missouri except where noted, * denotes those offices which the governor resigned to take. As of January 2017, there are six former U. S. governors of Missouri who are currently living, the most recent U. S. governor of Missouri to die was Joseph P. Teasdale on May 8,2014. The most recently serving U. S. governor of Missouri to die was Mel Carnahan, general Constitutions Specific Office of the Governor of Missouri
2.
Mike Parson
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Michael L. Mike Parson is an American politician who serves as the 47th and current Lieutenant Governor of Missouri. He is also a second-term Republican member of the Missouri Senate representing the 28th district, previously, Parson served three terms in the Missouri House of Representatives from the 133rd District. Parson served as the Majority Caucus Whip in the Senate during the 96th General Assembly, Mike Parson was born in Clinton, Missouri and raised on a farm in Hickory County. Following graduation from Wheatland High School in 1973 Parson served six years in the US Army and he received higher education at the University of Maryland and University of Hawaii. A third generation Missouri family farmer, Parson owns and operates a cow-calf operation near Bolivar when not busy with his legislative duties, Parson and wife Teresa have two grown children and five grandchildren. Parson served twelve years as Polk County sheriff before first being elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2004 and he was subsequently reelected in 2006 and 2008. In 2010 Parson survived a primary campaign against two fellow Republican state representatives, Ed Emery and Larry Wilson. In the November general election he defeated Constitution Party candidate Bennie Hatfield to win his first term in the Missouri Senate, no Democratic candidate ran for the 28th District seat. Committee assignments, Sen. Parson will serve on the following committees during the 96th General Assembly, Vice-Chairman - Agriculture, Vice-Chairman - Small Business, Insurance & Industry. Member - Commerce, Consumer Protection, Energy & The Environment
3.
Mike Kehoe
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Mike Kehoe is a Republican member of the Missouri Senate representing the 6th district. Mike Kehoe was born and raised in the St. Louis area by his single-parent mother, at age 25 he began working for Osage Industries, a company involved with auto parts and the manufacturing of ambulances. After selling Osage Industries in 1992 Kehoe purchased a dealership in Jefferson City, Missouri. Senator Kehoe and his wife Claudia are the parents of four children, mike Kehoe was appointed by Governor Matt Blunt to the Missouri Highway and Transportation Commission in 2005. Despite not having held elected office before Kehoe ran for the 6th District State Senate seat in 2010 to succeed Carl Vogel, in a close Republican primary he defeated three other candidates to advance to the 2010 general election, where he ran unopposed
4.
Jefferson City, Missouri
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Jefferson City is the capital of the State of Missouri and the fifteenth most populous city in the state. It is also the county seat of Cole County and the city of the Jefferson City Metropolitan Statistical Area. Jefferson City is named for Thomas Jefferson, the president of the United States. Jefferson City currently holds the title of Americas Most Beautiful Small Town, Jefferson City is on the northern edge of the Ozark Plateau on the southern side of the Missouri River in a region known as Mid-Missouri. It is also at the edge of one of the major wine-producing regions of the Midwest. Often referred to as Jeff, many of Jefferson Citys primary employers fall within the service and manufacturing industries, Jefferson City is also home to Lincoln University, a public historically black land-grant university founded in 1866 by the 62nd Regiment of U. S. Colored Troops with additional support from the 65th Regiment of U. S, in pre-Columbian times, this region was home of an ancient people known only as the Mound Builders. They were no longer present by the time of the first white settlers, when the Missouri Territory was organized in 1812, St. Louis was Missouris seat of government, and St. Charles would serve as the next capital. In the middle of the state, Jefferson City was chosen as the new capital in 1821 when Thomas Jefferson was still living, the village first was called Lohmans Landing, and when the legislature decided to relocate there, they proposed the name Missouriopolis before settling on Jefferson City. For years, this village was more than a trading post located in the wilderness about midway between St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1825, the settlement was incorporated as a city and a year later, Jefferson City was chosen as the site of a state prison. This prison, named the Missouri State Penitentiary, opened in 1836 and this prison was home to multiple infamous Americans, including former heavyweight champion Sonny Liston, assassin James Earl Ray, and bank robber Charles Pretty Boy Floyd. During the Civil War, Jefferson City was occupied by Union troops, some of the legislators later reconvened in Neosho, Missouri and passed an ordinance of secession. Missouri was claimed by both the Confederacy and the Union, just like the neighboring state Kentucky, German immigrants created vineyards in small towns on either side of the Missouri River, especially on the north from the city east to Marthasville, located outside of St. Louis. Known as the Missouri Rhineland for its vineyards and first established by German immigrants in the mid-1800s, this region has become part of the agricultural and tourist economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 37.58 square miles. Jefferson City has a climate between a humid subtropical and humid continental climate with hot, rainy summers and cold winters. Thunderstorms are common in both the spring and summer, light snow is common during the winter, although about half of wintertime precipitation falls as rain
5.
Conservatism
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Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. The term, historically associated with right-wing politics, has since used to describe a wide range of views. There is no set of policies that are universally regarded as conservative, because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place. Thus conservatives from different parts of the world—each upholding their respective traditions—may disagree on a range of issues. In contrast to the definition of conservatism, political theorists such as Corey Robin define conservatism primarily in terms of a general defense of social. In Great Britain, conservative ideas emerged in the Tory movement during the Restoration period, Toryism supported a hierarchical society with a monarch who ruled by divine right. Tories opposed the idea that sovereignty derived from the people, and rejected the authority of parliament, Robert Filmers Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of Kings, published posthumously in 1680 but written before the English Civil War of 1642–1651, became accepted as the statement of their doctrine. However, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 destroyed this principle to some degree by establishing a government in England. Faced with defeat, the Tories reformed their movement, now holding that sovereignty was vested in the three estates of Crown, Lords, and Commons rather than solely in the Crown, Toryism became marginalized during the long period of Whig ascendancy in the 18th century. Conservatives typically see Richard Hooker as the father of conservatism, along with the Marquess of Halifax, David Hume. Halifax promoted pragmatism in government, whilst Hume argued against political rationalism and utopianism, Burke served as the private secretary to the Marquis of Rockingham and as official pamphleteer to the Rockingham branch of the Whig party. Together with the Tories, they were the conservatives in the late 18th century United Kingdom, Burkes views were a mixture of liberal and conservative. He supported the American Revolution of 1765–1783 but abhorred the violence of the French Revolution and he insisted on standards of honor derived from the medieval aristocratic tradition, and saw the aristocracy as the nations natural leaders. That meant limits on the powers of the Crown, since he found the institutions of Parliament to be better informed than commissions appointed by the executive and he favored an established church, but allowed for a degree of religious toleration. Burke justified the order on the basis of tradition, tradition represented the wisdom of the species and he valued community. Burke was a leading theorist in his day, finding extreme idealism an endangerment to broader liberties, despite their influence on future conservative thought, none of these early contributors were explicitly involved in Tory politics. Hooker lived in the 16th century, long before the advent of toryism, whilst Hume was an apolitical philosopher, Burke described himself as a Whig. Shortly after Burkes death in 1797, conservatism revived as a political force as the Whigs suffered a series of internal divisions
6.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
7.
Red
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Red is the color at the longer-wavelengths end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange, at the opposite end from violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometers, light with a longer wavelength than red but shorter than terahertz radiation and microwave is called infrared. Red is one of the secondary colors, resulting from the combination of yellow. Traditionally, it was viewed as a primary colour, along with yellow and blue, in the RYB color space and traditional color wheel formerly used by painters. Reds can vary in shade from light pink to very dark maroon or burgundy. Red is the color of cyan. In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars, the color of autumn leaves is caused by pigments called anthocyanins, which are produced towards the end of summer, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced. One to two percent of the population has red hair, the color is produced by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin. Since red is the color of blood, it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger, modern surveys in the United States and Europe show red is also the color most commonly associated with heat, activity, passion, sexuality, anger, love and joy. In China, India and many other Asian countries it is the color of symbolizing happiness, since the 19th century, red has also been associated with socialism and communism. The word red is derived from the Old English rēad, the word can be further traced to the Proto-Germanic rauthaz and the Proto-Indo European root rewdʰ-. In Sanskrit, the word means red or blood. In the Akkadian language of Ancient Mesopotamia and in the modern Inuit language of Inuit, the words for colored in Latin and Spanish both also mean red. In Portuguese the word for red is vermelho, which comes from Latin vermiculus, in the Russian language, the word for red, Кра́сный, comes from the same old Slavic root as the words for beautiful—красивый and excellent—прекрасный. Thus Red Square in Moscow, named long before the Russian Revolution, in heraldry, the word gules is used for red. Red can vary in hue from orange-red to violet-red, and for each hue there is a variety of shades and tints. Red hematite powder was found scattered around the remains at a grave site in a Zhoukoudian cave complex near Beijing
8.
Missouri House of Representatives
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The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with a size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years, in 1992 Missouri approved a constitutional amendment providing term limits. No Representative may serve more than eight years in the House, each candidate for the office must be at least twenty-four years old, a registered qualified voter in the state for at least two years, and a resident of his or her district for at least one year. Missouris house is the fourth largest in the United States although the state ranks 18th in population, legislation was introduced in 2011 to cut its size to 103 in 2020. Larger legislatures in the United States are New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Georgia, from, These are the yearly recurring committees that hold hearings on legislation filed by Representatives. Once filed, legislation is assigned to one of the committees by the Missouri Speaker of the House. Legislation is typically assigned to the committee whose province envelopes the subject matter of the bill, however, there are frequently multiple relevant committees to which a bill can be assigned, and it is at the Speakers discretion to choose which committee receives the bill. The partisan makeup of each committee is intended to reflect as closely as possible the partisan makeup of the entire House, each Party caucus selects which of its members will serve on the Standing Committees, and the Chair of each committee is chosen by the Speaker of the House. Tradition in the Missouri General Assembly is that all appropriations bills initiate in the Missouri House rather than the Senate, so each year, the Chair of the House Budget Committee files legislation establishing the spending plan for the state of Missouri. This plan, which in 2007 exceeded $20 billion, may differ greatly from the Governors budget recommendations, the budget legislation is assigned to the House Budget Committee, which then assigns each bill to its respective subcommittee. Joint Committees contain members from both the Missouri House and Senate and these committees may be permanent and study ongoing issues, or may be temporary and intended to come up with suggested legislation to address a one-time issue. The Chair of these committees typically alternates annually between a Representative and a Senator to prevent unfairness to one chamber, a Representative can serve no more than four two-year terms in the house. The first time term limits prevented someone from running again was in 2002, as of March 2008, members of the Missouri House of Representatives receive an annual salary of $35,915.44. Missouri Legislature Missouri Senate Government of Missouri American Legislative Exchange Council members Missouri House of Representatives
9.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
10.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
11.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
12.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
13.
Sam Graves
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Samuel Bruce Sam Graves, Jr. is the U. S. Representative for Missouris 6th congressional district, serving since 2001 and he is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes the northern third of the state, from the Kansas border to the Illinois border. However, the bulk of its population lives in the suburbs of Kansas City. Graves was born in Tarkio, Missouri, a city not far from the Iowa and Nebraska borders. He is a resident of Tarkio. He graduated from the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri, Graves was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1992. After only one term, he was elected to the Missouri Senate in 1994, in January 2014, Graves introduced the TRICARE Family Improvement Act. The bill would allow dependents of members to stay on their parents TRICARE health plan after turning age 26. The bill would change current law, which requires those dependents to change to a health plan after turning 26. Graves is the brother of Todd Graves, former U. S. Attorney for the Western District of Missouri, Senator Kit Bond apologized to Todd Graves after a U. S. Justice Department report cited Bond forcing Graves out over a disagreement with Representative Graves. Graves had failed to mention the financial link between Hurst and Lesley Graves at the hearing, which dealt with federal subsidies for renewable fuels, a review by the independent Office of Congressional Ethics found substantial reason to believe that an appearance of conflict of interest was created. Graves said in a statement, I look forward to a review of the facts. I believe that a review will show that all the rules of the House concerning testimony in front of the Small Business Committee were followed. Representative Pat Danner suddenly retired due to breast cancer, Graves filed within the short period of time left for filing. Graves faced Representative Danners son, Steve Danner, a former State Senator, Graves referred to Danner as a tax and spend liberal and won the race with 51% of the vote largely by running up huge margins in the rural areas of the district. He was arguably helped by George W. Bush carrying the district in the 2000 presidential election, Graves faced a tougher reelection race in 2008 against Democratic nominee and former Kansas City Mayor Kay Barnes. He gained national attention early in the race for running an ad accusing Barnes of promoting San Francisco values and it was initially considered one of the hottest races in the country, however, Graves won reelection fairly handily, taking 59 percent of the vote to Barness 37 percent
14.
Roy Blunt
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Roy Dean Blunt is an American politician who currently serves as the junior United States Senator from Missouri, having been in office since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party, Blunt served as the United States Representative from Missouris 7th congressional district from 1997 to 2011. The district contains most of Southwest Missouri, anchored in the city of Springfield, as well as the cities of Joplin, Carthage, and Neosho, and the popular tourist destination of Branson. Blunt served as House Majority Whip from 2003 to 2007, and was acting House Majority Leader from September 2005 to February 2006. He was the House Minority Whip during the 110th Congress starting in 2007, Blunt successfully ran for United States Senate in 2010. The following year, he was elected vice-chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, Blunt is the current dean of Missouris Congressional Delegation. Blunt was born in Niangua, Missouri, the son of Neva Dora and Leroy Blunt and he earned a B. A. degree in history in 1970 from Southwest Baptist University. During his time in college, he received three draft deferments from the Vietnam War, two years later, he earned a masters degree in history from Missouri State University. Blunt was a school history teacher at Marshfield High School in 1972. He went on to serve as president of Southwest Baptist University, his alma mater, Blunt entered politics in 1973, when he was appointed county clerk and chief election official of Greene County, Missouri. He was subsequently elected to the three times and served a total of 12 years. Incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Bill Phelps decided to run for Governor, Blunt, the Greene County Clerk, decided to run for the open seat and won the Republican primary, but lost the general election to State Representative Ken Rothman 56%–44%. In 1984, after incumbent Democratic Missouri Secretary of State James C. Kirkpatrick decided to retire, in the general election, he defeated Democratic State Representative Gary D. Sharpe 54%–46%. He became the first Republican to hold the post in 50 years, in 1988, he won re-election against Democrat James Askew 61%–38%. Since incumbent Republican Governor John Ashcroft was term-limited, Blunt ran for the governorship in 1992, Missouri Attorney General William Webster defeated him and Missouri Treasurer Wendell Bailey 44%–40%–15%. Webster lost the election to Mel Carnahan. Blunt decided to run for the United States House of Representatives after incumbent U. S, Representative Mel Hancock honored his pledge to serve only four terms. Blunt ran in Missouris 7th congressional district, the most conservative district in Missouri, blunts political action committee is the Rely on Your Beliefs Fund
15.
Ann Wagner
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Ann Louise Wagner is an American politician who currently serves as the incumbent U. S. Representative for Missouris 2nd congressional district, serving since 2013, the district, based in St. Louis County, is heavily suburban and the wealthiest district in the state. It includes most of St. Louiss southern and western suburbs as well as some of the northern exurbs in St. Charles County, Wagner is a member of the Republican Party. Previously, she served as the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg from 2005 to 2009, prior to her diplomatic post, Wagner was Chair of the Missouri Republican Party for six years, from 1999 until 2005, and Co-chair of the Republican National Committee for four years. Wagner was born and raised in St. Louis, after college, she went to work in the private sector and held management positions at Hallmark Cards in Kansas City and Ralston Purina in St. Louis. Wagner entered Republican politics in 1990, heading the GOPs efforts during the redistricting of Missouri. In 1992, she was director of the unsuccessful campaign for the reelection of President George H. W. Bush. She was elected to her first term of office as chair of the Missouri Republican Party in 1999 and her six years as chairperson witnessed George W. Bush carry Missouri in both of his presidential bids and also saw the Republican Party win a majority of the states congressional delegation. In 2001, she took office as a co-chair of the Republican National Committee and her work with the committee took her to 48 states. In January 2005, she left her role as co-chair after one term, in 2004, Wagner was a fundraising ranger for President George W. Bush. On February 20,2005, Wagner was elected to a term as Chair of the Missouri Republican Party. On May 16, she was nominated by President Bush to the position of United States Ambassador to Luxembourg, on July 16,2005, she was confirmed in the post by a voice vote in the United States Senate, after which U. S. Senator Jim Talent said that she was, A considerate woman, whose character and abilities uniquely qualify her to represent our nation. On August 1, she was sworn in as Ambassador by U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in the Benjamin Franklin Room of the Harry S. Truman Building of the US Department of State in Washington D. C. After returning from Luxembourg, Wagner served as Chairwoman for Roy Blunts successful 2010 U. S. Senate campaign, blunt defeated Missouri Secretary of State Robin Carnahan 54%-41% to retain the seat in the Republican column following Kit Bonds retirement from the seat. On November 29,2010, Wagner sent a message to the committee members of the Republican National Committee announcing she was running for RNC Chair. The election was held in January 2011, and Wagner conceded after the round after receiving 17 votes The contest was ultimately won by Reince Priebus. Wagner announced her candidacy for Missouris 2nd congressional district after incumbent Republican U. S, Representative Todd Akin announced his unsuccessful bid to challenge incumbent Democratic U. S
16.
Missouri's 2nd congressional district
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The district includes portions of St. Louis, Jefferson and St. Charles counties. The latest U. S. Census Electorate Profile for Congressional District 2 estimates there are 581,131 citizens of voting age living in 293,984 households and its current representative is Republican Ann Wagner. Missouris congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present http, //2010. census. gov/2010census/popmap/
17.
Blaine Luetkemeyer
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William Blaine Luetkemeyer /ˈluːtkəˌmaɪər/ is an American politician currently serving as the incumbent U. S. Representative for Missouris 3rd congressional district, a seat he has held since 2009, Luetkemeyer is a member of the Republican Party. Luetkemeyer was born in Jefferson City on May 7,1952 and he attended Lincoln University in Jefferson City and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and with a minor in business administration. A lifelong farmer who is the generation of his family to own their farm, Luetkemeyer has also owned several small businesses, as well as running a bank. He also served on the Board of Trustees for the village of St. Elizabeth, in 1998, Luetkemeyer was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives from the 115th Legislative District. During his time as a representative, Luetkemeyer served as chair of the Financial Services Committee. He also worked on legislation which allowed Missourians to carry concealed firearms, banned partial-birth abortions, in addition, he has supported the deregulation of the financial industry—specifically the lending industry. In 2004, he did not seek reelection but instead was one of seven Republicans who ran for the office of State Treasurer and he finished second in the Republican primary, losing to Sarah Steelman who went on to win the general election. In 2005, Luetkemeyer was appointed by former Governor Matt Blunt to serve as Missouri Tourism Director, one of his projects was working with Blunt and Lt. Governor Peter Kinder to start the Tour of Missouri, a cycling event modeled on the Tour de France, Luetkemeyer became a candidate for the open seat in the 9th Congressional District following incumbent Republican Kenny Hulshof’s resignation in his unsuccessful bid for Governor. In the Republican primary, Luetkemeyer won with 39. 7% of the vote against rivals state representatives Bob Onder and Danie Moore, as well as Brock Olivo, Luetkemeyer managed to eke out a narrow win in the general election to keep the seat in Republican hands. Luetkemeyer defeated Charles Baker in the Republican primary and he faced token third-party opposition as the Democratic Party did not field a candidate for the districts seat and received over three-fourths of the total vote. Missouri was reduced to eight districts after the 2010 U. S. Census determined that the population growth was slower than that of the national average. Luetkemeyers district was renumbered as the 3rd Congressional District and it lost most of its northern portion to the newly drawn 6th Congressional District. To make up for the loss of population, it was pushed slightly to the west, Luetkemeyer already represented the share of the capital located in Callaway County, but picked up Cole County in the redistricting process. Luetkemeyer easily won the election in his first run in the newly created district. In the August primary, Luetkemeyer defeated two rivals with almost 80% of the vote and he proceeded to easily win the general election. The bill would direct the Federal Reserve to revise certain regulations related to small bank holding companies, current regulations allow BHCs with assets of less than $500 million that satisfy other tests to incur higher amounts of debt than larger institutions in order to acquire other banks
18.
Missouri's 3rd congressional district
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Missouris third congressional district is in the eastern and central portion of the state. It surrounds but does not include St Louis City and its current representative is Republican Blaine Luetkemeyer. The district took its current form in 2013, when Missouri lost a district as a result of the 2010 census. At that time, much of the portion of the old 9th district was added to the 6th district. Its best-known congressman was Dick Gephardt, who represented the district for over 20 years before his retirement, following dramatic drop in population of St. Louis in the 2010 United States Census, Missouri lost a Congressional Seat effective in 2013. Redistricting maps indicated that the 3rd district would be dismantled, the 3rds home base in St. Louis would be absorbed by Missouris 1st congressional district. Much of the district outside the St. Louis area would be drawn into the 8th district, meanwhile, the new 3rd included most of the territory currently in the 9th district, which was dissolved. List of representatives Missouris congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present http, //2010. census. gov/2010census/popmap/
19.
Vicky Hartzler
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Vicky Jo Hartzler is an American politician who currently serves as the incumbent U. S. Representative for Missouris 4th congressional district, the district comprises a large swath of the western-central part of the state, anchored in Columbia to the eastern and southern Kansas City suburbs, including a small portion of Kansas City itself. The district also includes the cities of Sedalia, Warrensburg, Moberly, the district takes in Ft. Leonard Wood in Pulaski County, Whiteman Air Force Base in Knob Noster, and the University of Missouri. Prior to her election to Congress, Hartzler represented District 124 in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1995 to 2000, Hartzler was raised on a farm near Archie, a rural community south of Kansas City. She attended the University of Missouri where she graduated cum laude with a B. S. in Education. Before running for State Representative in 1994, Hartzler taught high school home economics for 11 years and her accomplishments included leadership on legislation facilitating the adoption process. Hartzler left the Missouri House of Representatives in 2000 after adopting a baby daughter, in 2004, after she had left the Missouri General Assembly, Hartzler served as state spokeswoman for the Coalition to Protect Marriage, which supported banning same-sex marriages in Missouri. After almost a decade out of politics, Hartzler entered the Republican primary for Missouris 4th congressional district and she won a crowded seven-way primary with 40 percent of the vote. In the November 2,2010 general election, Hartzler won with 50. 43% of the vote and she is the first Republican to represent this district since 1955, and only the second since the Great Depression. She was also the second Republican woman elected to Congress from Missouri, after Jo Ann Emerson, with whom she served from 2011 to 2013. However, she is the first who was not elected as a stand-in for her husband, Emerson was originally elected to serve out the term of her late husband. She won primarily by running up her totals in the rural areas of the sprawling district. She ran on a platform, voicing support for tax cuts. She opposes abortion and same-sex marriage, redistricting after the 2010 U. S. Census removed Cole, Lafayette, Ray and Saline counties—including Skeltons home. The district also lost its shares of Jackson and Webster counties, in its place, the district picked up all of Boone, Cooper, Howard, and Randolph counties, part of Audrain County, and the remainder of Cass County. The district now includes the Cass County portion of Kansas City, the new map also pushed the district further into Camden County. Hartzler won nearly 75% of the party vote in the Republican congressional primary with John Webb, Hartzler won 72% of the party vote in the Republican congressional primary with John Webb, then won the general election with a more than two-to-one margin. Republican Study Committee Tea Party Caucus Congressional Cement Caucus Veterinary Medicine Caucus Abortion, family, Hartzler is a proponent of policies that promote life and family when the family consists of one man and one woman
20.
Missouri's 4th congressional district
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Missouris 4th Congressional District consists of west central Missouri. The district is rural and relatively conservative, George W. Bush defeated John Kerry 64% to 35% in Election 2004. The district is represented by Vicky Hartzler, a Republican. This district had historically been a Democratic Party stronghold, made up of white conservatives, antipathy to the Republican Party had its origins in the American Civil War and the infamous General Order 11. The Union Army ordered evacuation of the county in an attempt to support for. After the Civil War, there was disfranchisement of white males who had been active for the Confederacy until they took loyalty oaths, the area was filled with conflict between Missouris Radicals, who joined the Republicans, and Conservatives, who were Democrats. By 1880 former secessionists dominated Missouris congressional delegation and state legislature, gradually this area gradually developed a character similar to Yellow Dog Democrat districts in the South. Until 2010, only one Republican had been elected here since the Great Depression, bill Clinton, former governor of Arkansas, carried this district by a lopsided margin in 1992 and carried it again by a smaller margin in 1996. However, several demographic trends have converged to erode the Democratic base in this district, secondly, population losses in Kansas City resulted in the 4th gradually losing much of its share of heavily Democratic Jackson County to the Kansas City-based 5th district. Until the 1970s, the district stretched as far as Independence, to compensate for this, large portions of heavily Republican Southwest Missouri were reassigned from the neighboring 7th district. The result of these resulted in a dramatic collapse of Democratic support in the district. Al Gore, John Kerry, and Barack Obama won less than 40% of the vote here, in the 2010 general election, Hartzler defeated 34-year Democratic incumbent Ike Skelton. There is a total of 26 counties included in MO-04, the table below shows how individual counties in MO-04 voted in the 2008 presidential election. Senator John McCain won every county in MO-04 and swept the district with 60.58 percent of the vote while U. S. Senator Barack Obama received 37.87 percent, a 22. 71-percent margin of victory for the GOP, the table below shows how individual counties in MO-04 voted in the 2008 Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton swept the district by a margin over U. S. Clinton won every county in the district with the exception of Cole County, Missouris congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts
21.
Missouri's 6th congressional district
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Missouris 6th congressional district takes in a large swath of land in northern Missouri, stretching across nearly the entire length of the state from Kansas to Illinois. Its largest voting population is centered in the portion of the Kansas City metropolitan area. The district includes all of Kansas City north of the Missouri River, notable representatives from the district include governors John Smith Phelps and Austin A. King as well as Kansas City Mayor Robert T. Van Horn. In 1976, Jerry Litton was killed on election night as he flew to a party after winning the Democratic nomination for United States Senate. The visitors center at Smithville Lake is named in Littons memory, george W. Bush beat John Kerry in this district 57%-43% in 2004. The district is represented by Republican Sam Graves, who has held the seat since 2001, Graves easily held on to his seat what was expected to be a tough 2008 election, defeating former Kansas City mayor Kay Waldo Barnes by 22 percentage points. Historically, the 6th was not safe for either party, however, in recent years, it has trended Republican, mirroring the increasingly conservative bent of the more rural areas of Missouri that historically voted for Yellow Dog Democrats. The biggest geographic addition will be northeast Missouri, most of which was in the half of the old 9th district. Missouris congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present http, //2010. census. gov/2010census/popmap/
22.
Billy Long
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Billy Long II is an American politician currently serving as the incumbent U. S. Representative for Missouris 7th congressional district since 2011, the district includes much of the southwestern quadrant of the state and is anchored in Springfield. The district also includes Joplin and the popular tourist destination of Branson, a member of the Republican Party, he was elected to fill the districts vacant seat in the 2010 midterm elections following the successful election of its then-incumbent Roy Blunt to the U. S. Senate. Long is a native of Missouri. He was born in Springfield in 1955 and he attended the University of Missouri and was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity prior to dropping out to attend the Missouri Auction School in Kansas City. He received his Certified Auctioneer Institute designation via the National Auctioneers Association Education Institute, Long owned Billy Long Auctions, LLC. He was also a radio show host on the Springfield-based station KWTO. Long also participated in the World Poker Tour participating in professional sanctioned games including the Southern Poker Championship at the Beau Rivage, Long joined the race for the 7th Congressional District after incumbent U. S. Representative Roy Blunt chose to run for the U. S. Senate seat that was being vacated by Kit Bond, in the crowded seven-way Republican primary—the de facto real election in the most Republican district in the state—Long narrowly won with 36 percent of the vote. He easily defeated Democratic challenger Scott Eckersley by a nearly two-to-one margin of victory, in the August 5th,2014 primary race, Long defeated sole Republican challenger Marshall Works 62. 4% to 37. 6%. Since 2011 Rep. Long has sponsored 14 bills, one resolution and one concurrent resolution and he stated that “President Trump’s recent executive order on national security shows how keeping Americans safe remains one of his top priorities. Allowing agencies to reevaluate the refugee resettlement program is an approach to making sure that happens. ”Billy Long Auctions Congressman Billy Long official U. S
23.
Missouri's 7th congressional district
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Missouris 7th congressional district consists of Southwest Missouri. The district includes Springfield, the home of Missouri State University, george W. Bush defeated John Kerry 67% to 32% in the 2004 election. The district is represented by Billy Long. There are a total of 10 counties included in MO-07, the 10 largest cities in MO-07 are as follows. 2008 The table below shows how individual counties in MO-07 voted in the 2008 presidential election, senator John McCain swept the district with 63.07 percent of the vote while U. S. Senator Barack Obama received 35.39 percent, a 27. 68-percent margin of victory for the GOP, McCain received less than 60 percent in only Greene County, where Obama may have been helped by the college subplot presence of Missouri State University. 2008 Republican The table below shows how individual counties in MO-07 voted in the 2008 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary, former Governor Mike Huckabee carried every county in MO-07 over U. S. Senator John McCain and former Governor Mitt Romney, Democratic The table below shows how individual counties in MO-07 voted in the 2008 Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton carried every county in the district by convincing margins over U. S,2008 The table below shows how individual counties in MO-07 voted in the 2008 Missouri gubernatorial election. Former Attorney General and now Governor Jay Nixon lost the district to his challenger, former U. S, missouris congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present http, //www. census. gov/
24.
Jason Smith (politician)
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Jason Thomas Smith is an American politician serving as the incumbent U. S. Representative for Missouris 8th congressional district after winning an election on June 4,2013. The district comprises 30 counties, covering just under 20,000 square miles of southeastern and southern Missouri and he is the third-youngest Republican member of the U. S. House of Representatives, behind only Elise Stefanik of New York and Michael Gallagher of Wisconsin. Smith served as the Majority Whip during the 96th Missouri General Assembly, Jason Smith was born in St. Louis to Mary, a factory worker, and Bill, a minister and auto mechanic. At age 20, Smith earned two degrees from the University of Missouri, a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Economics and a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. While attending law school, Smith served as the Senator representing the law school in the Student Senate, the Vice President of the law school. Also while in law school, Smith became a real estate agent. He earned his Juris Doctorate in 2004 and returned to Missouri to take the bar exam, Smith is one of the only members of Congress that is still paying off student loans from college. The farm, located just outside Salem, Missouri, has been in Smiths family for four generations, Smith is a lifetime member of the National Rifle Association and is an avid hunter and outdoorsman. He attends Grace Community Church in Salem, an Assemblies of God Church and he used to be a board member of the Missouri Community Betterment Association, Court Appointed Special Advocates, and president of the Salem FFA Association. Smith defeated Democratic challenger Bobby Simpson 54%–44%, at the age of 25, Smith just barely made the constitutional requirements to be a state representative and became the youngest member of the Missouri House of Representatives. During his first year in office, Smith served as Majority Assistant Deputy Whip and served on the Agriculture Policy Committee, Appropriations—Education Committee, one year after being elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in a special election, Smith defeated Democrat Jim ODonnell 64%–32%. In his first full term, Smith served as the Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee on Job Creation and Economic Development. In his third election in just three years, Smith received 70% of the vote, defeating Democrat James D. Ellis in 2008 to secure his second term in the Missouri House of Representatives. In November 2010, Smith was unopposed in his campaign to his fourth full term to the Missouri House of Representatives. Following his election, Smith was elected by his peers to serve as one of the youngest Majority Whips to serve in the Missouri House of Representatives, following his 2010 election, Smith was again unopposed in his final election to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2012. Upon the start of the 97th General Assembly in 2013, Smith was elected by his peers to serve as Speaker Pro-Tem of the Missouri State House of Representatives, Smith ran for the vacant 8th congressional district of Missouri seat after incumbent Republican U. S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson resigned to accept a CEO position with the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, per Missouri statute, Smith was selected by the 8th District Republican Central Committee to be the partys nominee in the June special election
25.
Missouri's 8th congressional district
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Missouris 8th Congressional District is one of 435 congressional districts in the United States and one of eight congressional districts in the state of Missouri. The district encompasses rural Southeast Missouri and South Central Missouri as well as counties in Southwest Missouri. The district stretches from the Bootheel in the south to the St, the districts largest city is Cape Girardeau. A predominantly rural district, the district votes strongly Republican for national offices, in 2004, President George W. Bush received 63% of the vote in the district over U. S. Senator John Kerry who clinched 36%, senator John McCain carried the district with 61. 92% over U. S. Senator Barack Obama, who received 36. 42%, the district increased the margin for Republicans in 2012 when former Governor Mitt Romney gained 65. 88% of the vote over President Barack Obamas 31. 99%. Jason T. Smith, a Republican, has represented the district in the US Congress since winning an election on June 4,2013. Representative Jo Ann Emerson resigned on January 22,2013 to take a position as CEO for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, Missouri lost one of its nine congressional district seats following redistricting based on population numbers from the 2010 U. S. Census. The Republican-controlled state legislature decided to redefine Missouris 3rd Congressional District, the district included all of Ste. Genevieve and Jefferson counties and southern St. Louis County and the making up what is known as South City of St. Louis. Missouri’s 8th Congressional District lost its Taney County parts (which were redistricted to the Southwestern-based 7th Congressional District, genevieve counties, and most of the southern and western rural parts of Jefferson County. Parts of Jefferson County that are now included in Missouri’s 8th include all of the cities of Hillsboro and De Soto, Missouris 8th is a relatively diverse congressional district. Although it is conservative and Republican-leaning at the federal level, Democrats often perform well here in local. At the local level, Democrats control a majority of elected county offices in Southeast Missouri. In presidential elections, Democratic candidates often perform best in the Bootheel and it has a wide majority of whites and a significant minority of African Americans. Democrats also do well in the Lead Belt region, which contains a core constituency of voters who belong to labor unions, the district takes in a large swath of the Bible Belt with evangelical Protestantism being the dominant religion in most counties in the district. This influence is demonstrated in conservative voters positions on issues such as abortion, gay rights. In the more rural regions, hunting is common and a rite of passage for people in the district
26.
Missouri bellwether
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The Missouri bellwether is a political phenomenon that notes that the state of Missouri voted for the winner in all but one U. S. Presidential election from 1904 to 2004, while states like Ohio, Iowa, Nevada, and New Mexico have been arguably stronger indicators of political trends in recent years, Missouri was a consistent swing state throughout the 20th century. Prior to the 2008 elections, Lincoln County, Missouri was said to be the only county in a bellwether state. Missouri is also considered a bellwether of U. S. views on social issues such as stem cell research, gay rights. Some economists also consider the state a bellwether for economic trends such as consumer confidence, from 1904 to 2004, Missouris electoral votes went to the person who became President of the United States, with one exception. In 1956 during the landslide re-election of President Dwight Eisenhower, when Missouri went to neighboring Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Missouris accuracy in voting with the national consensus includes the too close to call elections of 1948,1960,1976,2000, and 2016. On Election Day 2006, both McCaskill and Amendment 2 narrowly received majority support among Missouri voters, the victories of McCaskill and five other Democratic colleagues allowed their party to regain power in the U. S. Senate. During the 2008 Presidential primaries, the state voted for the candidates who eventually secured their parties nomination, John McCain. Despite her running mate having grown-up in the state and having significant ties to the state, location and demographics are most often cited as the cause of Missouris bellwether status. In 2004, the Chicago Tribune called Missouri the bellwether state that almost exactly mirrors the demographic, economic, a microcosm of the countrys current political makeup, Missouri has its two Blue coasts of St. Louis and Kansas City with Red middle and southern areas. Missouris continuing status as a bellwether has been questioned, in 2008, Missouri very narrowly voted for the losing candidate, Republican John McCain, despite a 53% winning percentage victory for Democrat Barack Obama. Missouri giving its electoral votes to losing candidate Mitt Romney in 2012 has caused further questions over its bellwether status, Missouri, however, later gave its electoral votes to Donald Trump in 2016. As a result, Missouris accuracy rate for the last 28 presidential elections is now 89. 3%, Nevada has been carried by the winner in every presidential election since 1912, except just twice in 1976 and 2016. Also, New Mexico has voted for the winner of every election from its statehood in 1912 except in the 1976,2000 and 2016 elections. One of the important national phenomena that has not had the same impact in Missouri as in the rest of the country is the influx of immigrants. Analysts and journalists in recent times have pointed to states like Ohio, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, also, the 21st century Missouri electorate is much less urbanized than that of the 20th century. But shortly thereafter the population of St. Louis and Kansas City had declined to 14% of the population of Missouri. This shift, however, is a product of the small geographic size of St. Louis City
27.
United States presidential election, 2008
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The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4,2008, Democratic Party nominees Barack Obama, a U. S. Senator from Illinois, and his running mate Joe Biden, a long-time U. S, Senator from Delaware defeated Republican Party nominees John McCain, a long-time current U. S. Senator from Arizona, and his running mate Sarah Palin, a Governor of Alaska, Obama became the first African American ever to be elected president of the United States, and Joe Biden became the first Roman Catholic ever elected vice president. The incumbent president, George W. Bush, of the Republican Party, was ineligible to be elected to a term due to term limits in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Early campaigning had focused heavily on the Iraq War and the unpopularity of outgoing Republican President George W. Johnson in 1964, Obamas successes in obtaining a major partys nomination and winning the general election were both firsts for the African American community. She later went on to win the Democratic nomination but lose the election to Donald Trump in 2016. She also was the first woman to be an American presidential candidate in every primary, similarly, Sarah Palin became the first woman to appear on a Republican presidential ticket, and the second woman overall to appear on a major partys presidential ticket. Obamas total vote amount of 69.5 million votes is the highest number won by a presidential candidate. The total of 131 million votes cast in the election represented over 43% of the total U. S. population and this was also the first election in which neither candidate was born in the contiguous United States. Obama was born in Hawaii and McCain was born at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone. This election also made McCain currently the only Senator who previously served as a nominee and still remains incumbent. As of 2017, this is the last time Nebraska, Indiana and this election also became the first time that Missouri backed the losing candidate since 1956, with both Kentucky & Tennessee failing to do the same since 1960. In 2004, President George W. Bush won reelection, defeating the Democratic nominee, after Republican pickups in the House and Senate in the 2004 elections, Republicans maintained control of the executive and legislative branches of the federal government. Bushs approval ratings had been declining from their high point of almost 90% after the September 11 attacks. By September 2006, Bushs approval rating was below 40%, and in the November United States Congressional elections 2006, Bushs approval ratings dropped for the last two years in office to the 25–37% range. In the United States, there are two political parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are also several minor parties, usually called third parties, though most media, each major party hosts candidates who go through a nomination process to determine the presidential nominee for that party
28.
United States presidential election, 2012
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The United States presidential election of 2012 was the 57th quadrennial American presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6,2012, as the incumbent president, Obama secured the Democratic nomination with no serious opposition. Romney effectively secured the nomination by early May as the economy improved, the campaign was marked by a sharp rise in fundraising, including from new nominally independent Super PACs. The campaigns focused heavily on issues, debate centered largely around sound responses to the Great Recession in terms of economic recovery. Other issues included long-term federal budget issues, the future of social programs. Obama defeated Romney, winning both the popular vote and the college, with 332 electoral votes to Romneys 206. Obama carried all states and districts that he had won in the 2008 presidential election except North Carolina, Indiana, as such, his margin of victory decreased from 2008. Consequently, Obama became the first incumbent since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944 to win reelection with fewer electoral votes, nonetheless, Obama also became the first two-term president since Ronald Reagan to win both his presidential bids with an absolute majority of the nationwide popular vote. Not since 1820 had three consecutive American presidents succeeded in securing two consecutive terms, september–October 2012, Early voting begins in some states and continue as late as November 5. November 6,2012, Election Day, at around 11,15 p. m. EST, November 7,2012, Romney concedes the election to Obama at around 1,00 a. m. November 10,2012, The electoral outcomes of all 50 states, Obama won 332 electoral votes while Romney won 206 electoral votes. December 17,2012, The Electoral College formally re-elects President Obama, January 3,2013, The 113th Congress is sworn in. January 4,2013, Electoral votes are counted before a joint session of Congress. The re-election of President Obama and Vice President Biden is certified, January 20,2013, President Obama and Vice President Biden take the oaths of office, Obamas second presidential term begins at noon. January 21,2013, The inauguration ceremonies are held, Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginias state legislatures approved measures to shorten early voting periods. Florida and Iowa barred all felons from voting, kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin state legislatures passed laws requiring voters to have government-issued IDs before they could cast their ballots. This meant, typically, that people without drivers licenses or passports had to gain new forms of ID, Obama, the NAACP, and the Democratic Party fought against many of the new state laws. Clinton said the moves would effectively disenfranchise core voter blocs that trend liberal, including students, Blacks
29.
United States presidential election, 2016
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The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8,2016. The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20,2017. Concurrent with the election, Senate, House, and many gubernatorial and state. While Clinton received about 2.9 million more votes nationwide, leading up to the election, a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts. In the Electoral College vote on December 19, seven electors voted against their pledged candidates, a further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. Ultimately, Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227, Trump is the fifth person in U. S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote. It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Democrat Andrew Jackson that a vote split occurred in Maine. On January 6,2017, the United States governments intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections. A joint U. S. intelligence review stated with confidence that Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia’s goals were to undermine public faith in the U. S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Hillary Clinton, investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI, the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee. Traditionally, the elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The partys delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the partys behalf, President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U. S. The series of primary elections and caucuses took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia. With seventeen major candidates entering the race, starting with Ted Cruz on March 23,2015, prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1,2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul, following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1,2016, the first of four Super Tuesday primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texas, failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later. On March 15,2016, the second Super Tuesday, Kasich won his only contest in his state of Ohio
30.
George Soros
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George Soros is a Hungarian-American investor, business magnate, and philanthropist. Soros is considered by some to be one of the most successful investors in the world, as of February 2017, Soros has a net worth of $25.2 billion making him one of the 30 richest people in the world. Born in Budapest, he escaped Nazi Germany-occupied Hungary and emigrated to England in 1947 and he attended the London School of Economics graduating with a bachelors and eventually a masters in philosophy. He began his business career by taking jobs at merchant banks before starting his first hedge fund, Double Eagle. Profits from his first fund furnished the money to start Soros Fund Management, his second hedge fund. Double Eagle was renamed the Quantum Fund and was the principal firm Soros advised, at its founding, the Quantum Fund had $12 million in assets under management, and as of 2011 it had $25 billion, the majority of his overall net worth. He is a supporter of American progressive and American liberal political causes and dispenses his donations through his foundation. Between 1979 and 2011 Soros donated more than $11 billion to philanthropic causes. Soros was born in Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary to a well-to-do non-observant Jewish family, Soros has described his home as anti-Semitic. His mother Elizabeth came from a family owned a thriving silk shop. His father Tivadar was a lawyer and had been a prisoner of war during and after World War I until he escaped from Russia, Tivadar was an Esperantist writer and taught Soros to speak Esperanto in his childhood. In 1936 Soross family changed their name from the German-Jewish Schwartz to Soros, Tivadar liked the new name because it is a palindrome and because of its meaning. In Hungarian, soros means next in line, or designated successor, Soros was 13 years old in March 1944 when Nazi Germany occupied Hungary. Jewish children were barred from attending school by the Nazis, and Soros, Soros later described this time to writer Michael Lewis, The Jewish Council asked the little kids to hand out the deportation notices. I was told to go to the Jewish Council, and there I was given these small slips of paper. I took this piece of paper to my father and this was a list of Hungarian Jewish lawyers. He said, You deliver the slips of paper and tell the people if they report they will be deported. Soros did not return to that job, his family purchased documents to say that they were Christians, thereby allowing them to survive the war
31.
Republican National Committee
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The Republican National Committee is a U. S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and it is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention. Ronna Romney McDaniel is the current committee chair, the RNCs main counterpart is the Democratic National Committee. The 1856 Republican National Convention appointed the first RNC and it consisted of one member from each state and territory to serve for four years. Each national convention since then has followed the precedent of equal representation for each state or territory, from 1924 to 1952, there was a national committeeman and national committeewoman from each state and U. S. possession, and from Washington, D. C. As of 2011, the RNC has 168 members, the only person to have chaired the RNC and later become U. S. president is George H. W. Bush. A number of the chairs of the RNC have been state governors, on November 24,2008, Steele launched his campaign for the RNC chairmanship with the launching of his website. On January 30,2009, Steele won the chairmanship of the RNC in the sixth round, I think I may have some keys to open the door, some juice to turn on the lights, he said. Six people ran for the 2009 RNC Chairmanship, Steele, Ken Blackwell, Mike Duncan, Saul Anuzis, Katon Dawson, after Saltsmans withdrawal, there were only five candidates during the hotly contested balloting January 30,2009. After the third round of balloting that day, Steele held a lead over incumbent Mike Duncan of Kentucky. Shortly after the announcement of the standings, Duncan dropped out of contention without endorsing a candidate, after the fifth round, Steele held a ten-vote lead over Katon Dawson, with 79 votes, and Saul Anuzis dropped out. After the sixth vote, he won the chairmanship of the RNC over Dawson by a vote of 91 to 77, when I was chairman of the Republican National Committee the last time we lost the White House in 1992 we focused exclusively on 1993 and 1994. And at the end of time, we had both houses of Congress with Republican majorities, and wed gone from 17 Republican governors to 31. So anyone talking about 2012 today doesnt have their eye on the ball, what we ought to worry about is rebuilding our party over the next year and particularly in 2010, Barbour said at the November 2008 Republican Governors conference. Michael Steele ran for re-election at the 2011 RNC winter meeting, steeles critics increasingly called on him to step down as RNC Chair when his term ended in 2011. A debate for Chairman hosted by Americans for Tax Reform took place on January 3 at the National Press Club, the election for Chairman took place January 14 at the RNCs winter meeting with Reince Priebus winning on the seventh ballot after Steele and Wagner withdrew. He was re-elected to a term in 2015, setting him up to become the longest serving head of the party ever. Trump then recommended Ronna Romney McDaniel as RNC Chairwoman, and she was elected to that role by the RNC in January 2017
32.
Edwin D. Morgan
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Edwin Denison Morgan was the 21st Governor of New York from 1859 to 1862 and served in the United States Senate from 1863 to 1869. He was the first and longest-serving chairman of the Republican National Committee and he was also a Union Army general during the American Civil War. Morgan was born in Washington, Massachusetts on February 8,1811 to Jasper, the family moved to Windsor, Connecticut, where Morgan received his early education. Edwin Morgan was a cousin of Morgan G. Bulkeley, the Governor of Connecticut from 1889 to 1893 and he began his business career as a grocer in Hartford, Connecticut. He became a partner with his uncle and served on the city council, in 1836, he removed to New York City and became a successful wholesaler, broker and banker. Morgan & Company, a house, in partnership with George D. Morgan, his cousin, and Frederick Avery. Solon Humphreys was taken in as a partner in 1854 after working several years as an agent in St. Louis. Largely through his connections, the became the principal agent for Missouri securities. All the while the firm maintained its wholesale grocery trade, in 1849, Morgan was elected as a member of the New York City Board of Assistant Aldermen. He made a name for himself as chairman of the Sanitary Committee during the epidemic of 1848. He was also a member of the New York State Senate from 1850 to 1853, Morgan became highly influential in Republican politics of his time and twice served as chairman of the Republican National Committee,1856 to 1864 and 1872 to 1876. From 1859 until 1862, he served as Governor of New York, in February 1863, he was elected to the U. S. Senate, and served one term until 1869. In January 1869, he sought re-nomination, but was voted down by the Republican caucus of State legislators who instead nominated Ex-Governor Reuben E. Fenton, in 1876, Morgan ran again for Governor but was defeated by Democrat Lucius Robinson. In 1881, Morgan was nominated by President Chester A. Arthur as Treasury Secretary and was confirmed by the Senate, in 1833, he married Eliza Matilda Waterman, daughter of Henry Waterman. Together, they had, Edwin D. Morgan died in New York City on February 14,1883 and he was buried at the Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford. His 2x great-grandson was Edwin D. Morgan, businessman and Pioneer Fund director from 2000-2001, list of American Civil War generals Finding Aid to Edwin D. Morgan Papers, 1833-1883 at the New York State Library, accessed January 4,2016 United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, mr. Lincoln and New York, Edwin D. Morgan Eicher, John H. and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands
33.
Henry Jarvis Raymond
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Henry Jarvis Raymond was an American journalist and politician and co-founder of The New York Times with George Jones. He was an 8th generation direct descendant of Captain Richard Raymond. The first actual date given for Richard is on August 6,1629 and he was about 27 years old. He was made a Freeman of Salem in 1634 and was later a founder of Norwalk, Connecticut, Raymond gave early evidence of his superior intellectual skills, it is said that he could read by the age of three and deliver speeches when he was five. He enrolled at age twelve in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, New York and he graduated from the University of Vermont in 1840 with high honors. Between 1841 and 1851, Raymond worked for newspapers, including Horace Greeleys New York Tribune and James Watson Webbs Courier and Enquirer, as a journalist. He had known George Jones since their time at the Tribune, in 1851, Raymond convinced Jones to become his partner and publish a new paper that would report the news in a neutral manner. In 1851, Raymond formed Raymond, Jones & Company, Inc. and he was the newspapers editor until his death. On October 24,1843, in Winooski, Vermont, Raymond married Juliette Weaver, Henry and Juliette were the parents of seven children. Their son, Henry Warren Raymond, was an 1869 graduate of Yale College and he also graduated from Columbia University School of Law in 1871. He was a reporter for The New York Times from 1869 to 1872 and he entered private law practice in 1893. His father was the founder of the Rhode Island Locomotive Works in 1865 in Providence and he joined the company in 1872 and remained with the company until 1895, eventually becoming vice-president. Their daughter, Aimee Juliette Arteniese Raymond was a physician, writer and she graduated from New York Medical College in 1889. She was married to Dr. Henry Harmon Schroeder, Raymond was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1850 and 1851, and in the latter year was elected Speaker. Raymond was elected lieutenant governor, and served from 1855 to 1856, in 1862, he was again Speaker of the New York Assembly. During the Civil War, Raymond supported Lincolns policies in general and he was among the first to urge the adoption of a broad and liberal post-war attitude toward the people of the South and opposed the Radical Republicans who wanted harsher measures against the South. In 1865, he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention and he was a member of the House of Representatives from 1865 to 1867. Raymond authored the Address and Declaration of Principles issued by the Loyalist Convention at Philadelphia in August 1866 and his attack on Stevens and his prominence at the Loyalist Convention caused him to lose favor with the Republican party
34.
Marcus Lawrence Ward
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Republicans nominated Ward for Governor in 1862, but he lost to Democrat Joel Parker. Ward was nominated again in 1865 and was elected Governor of New Jersey, Ward was chosen as a delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention and was the chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1866 to 1868. Ward served a term in the United States House of Representatives from the newly created New Jerseys 6th congressional district. He died in Newark, New Jersey, and was buried there in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, there is a memorial plaque dedicated to him in the Alice Ransom Dreyfuss Memorial Garden behind the Newark Museum. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Ward Newark Archives Search Results for Marcus Ward
35.
William Claflin
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William Claflin was an American politician, industrialist and philanthropist from Massachusetts. He served as the 27th Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1869–1872 and he also served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1868–1872, serving as a moderating force between the Radical and moderate wings of the Republican Party. His name is given to Claflin University in South Carolina, a black college founded with funding from him. Claflin was educated at Brown University, and worked in his fathers manufacturing business before becoming a partner in it. An opponent of slavery, he helped establish the states Free Soil Party before dominating the states Republican Party establishment in the 1860s. He supported a number of reforms, including increased property and voting rights for women. He supported many causes, and promoted the development of the village Newtonville. William Claflin was born on March 6,1818 in Milford, Massachusetts, to Lee, Lee Claflin was a self-made proprietor of a tannery and shoe factory in Milford, and a politically active abolitionist. William was educated first in the schools and then at Milford Academy. His mother died in 1834 and his health was poor, so he left school, after three years, with his health not improving, he traveled to St. Louis, Missouri, where from 1838 to 1844 he worked in the wholesale leather goods business. He then returned to Massachusetts after his health improved, where he rejoined the family business, Claflins father had begun his shoe manufacturing in partnership with Nathan Parker Coburn, and William joined their partnership, forming a business that lasted into the 1890s. They expanded the business Lee Claflin founded, eventually building one of New Englands largest boot factories in South Framingham in 1882, the company assets, including plants in Framingham, Hopkinton, and Milford, were then taken over by younger partners. Claflin followed his father in politics and his methodist religion, opposing the expansion of slavery and promoting other social reforms. He was a member of the Bird Club, an organization formed by businessman Francis W. Bird. Its members were wealthy businessmen who favored abolition and engaged in philanthropic social reforms. In 1848 Claflin helped found the Free Soil Party in Massachusetts and he served from 1849 to 1853, when the Know Nothings swept away the old parties. He became active in 1854 and 1855 in the founding of the state Republican Party and he was elected to the state senate in 1859 as a Republican, and became Senate President in 1861. In 1865 Claflin was elected Lieutenant Governor under Governor Alexander Hamilton Bullock and he was elected governor in 1868, and served three terms in that office, defeating John Quincy Adams II each time
36.
Zachariah Chandler
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Zachariah Chandler was an American politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a senator from the state of Michigan. As a successful businessman in Detroit, Chandler supported the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War, he advocated for the Union war effort, the abolition of slavery, as Secretary of the Interior, Chandler eradicated serious corruption in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, fully endorsing President Grants Peace Policy initiative to civilize American Indian tribes. In 1879, he was re-elected U. S, Senator and was a potential Presidential candidate, but he died the following morning after giving a speech in Chicago. Zachariah Chandler was born in Bedford, New Hampshire on December 10,1813 and his father was Samuel Chandler and his mother was Margaret Orr. Samuel Chandler was a descendant of William Chandler who had migrated to Roxbury, Margaret Orr was the oldest daughter of military officer Col. John Orr. Chandler was educated in the common schools, upon graduation, deciding not to attend college, Chandler moved west in 1833 to Detroit, at that time the capital of Michigan Territory. In Detroit, Chandler opened a store and through trade, banking. On December 10,1844 Chandler married Letitia Grace Douglas, a native of Baltimore, a social entertainer, Letitia lived in Washington during the Winter throughout Chandlers career. Chandler and Letitia had one daughter, Mary Douglas Chandler, who married Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, Chandlers and Letitias grandchildren include, Frederick Hale, elected U. S. Senator from Maine, and Chandler Hale, who served as a U. S, diplomat in Rome, and Eugene Hale, Jr. Letitia died on February 19,1899 known to have a gentle and kindly disposition and to be much beloved. From his youth, Chandler had been opposed to slavery. Chandler financially supported the Detroit Underground Railroad, which helped fugitive or runaway slaves find safe haven, in 1848 Chandler began his political career by making campaign speeches for Whig party presidential candidate Zachary Taylor. In 1851, Chandler was elected Mayor of Detroit and served one year in office, in 1852, Chandler ran as a Whig candidate for the Governor of Michigan, but he was defeated. Having supported Kansas as a state without slavery, Chandler signed a petition that formed the Republican Party on July 6,1854. In 1856, Chandler was a delegate at the first Republican Party National convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in January 1857, Chandler ran as a Republican and was elected as a U. S Senator for Michigan, succeeding Lewis Cass. Chandler was reelected in 1863 and again in 1869, serving from March 4,1857, in the Senate Chandler allied himself with the anti-slavery Radicals, although he opposed Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner
37.
J. Donald Cameron
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James Donald Cameron was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant and in the United States Senate for nearly twenty years. In May,1876 Cameron was part of a Cabinet realignment by President Grant, having been appointed after a brief tenure by Secretary Alphonso Taft, whom Grant appointed U. S. Attorney General. Former Secretary William W. Belknap had resigned office, was impeached by the House for taking profit money from the Fort Sill tradership, put on trial in the Senate. Secretary Cameron was one of two combinations that served as Secretary of War. Secretary Simon Cameron was Camerons father who served under President Abraham Lincoln, the other father-son combination was Secretary Alphonso Taft and his son Secretary William Howard Taft. Military was challenged by the Great Sioux War and by the threat of a second Southern secession after the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes that ended Reconstruction. Cameron proved to be an administrator and his appointment as Secretary of War launched his lengthy political career in the Senate. Cameron was raised and educated near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, after graduating from Princeton College, Cameron worked in the banking and railroad industries. In May 1876, Cameron was appointed Secretary of War by President Ulysses S. Grant serving until March 1877, after leaving the Grant Cabinet, Cameron served as Pennsylvanias U. S. Senator from 1877 to 1897, having served as chairman on two powerful Senate committees, in 1890, Senator Cameron supported the Federal Elections Bill that enforced African American voting rights in the South. After leaving the Senate, Cameron worked in industrial businesses until his death in 1918. Cameron was the last surviving member of the Grant Administration. Cameron was commonly referred to as Don, having received his elementary education in Harrisburg, Cameron enrolled in Princeton College, he graduated with a bachelor of arts in 1852 and received a master of arts degree in 1855. After leaving Princeton, Camerons father Simon placed Cameron as a clerk at the successful Middleton Bank, whose investments were in the iron, coal. Cameron worked his way up to being Cashier and then President of the bank, from 1866 to December 1874 Cameron was President of the Northern Central. As bank President, Cameron was able to improve the condition of the railroad. After leaving the Railroad, Cameron worked in industrial enterprises in Pennsylvania. In 1876, President Ulysses S. Camerons predecessor, Alphonso Taft, had initially replaced William W. Belknap, the Secretary of War had been given control over all Indian traderships in 1870
38.
Marshall Jewell
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Marshall Jewell was a manufacturer, pioneer telegrapher, telephone entrepreneur, world traveler, and political figure who served as 44th and 46th Governor of Connecticut, the U. S. Minister to Russia, the 25th United States Postmaster General, Jewell, distinguished for his fine china skin, grey eyes, and white eyebrows, was popularly known as the Porcelain Man. As Postmaster General, Jewell made reforms and was intent on cleaning up the Postal Service from internal corruption, Postmaster Jewell aided Secretary of the Treasury Benjamin H. Bristow shut down and prosecute the Whiskey Ring. President Grant, however, became suspicious of Jewells loyalty after Jewell fired a Boston postmaster over non payment of a surety bond, a native of New Hampshire, Jewell was the son of a prominent tanner and currier, having apprenticed in his fathers tannery business. Jewell moved to Boston where he learned the art of being a currier, in 1847, Jewell moved to Hartford where he worked for his fathers business as a currier. Jewell stopped working as a currier and became a telegrapher, where he worked in New York, Ohio. Jewell was a Whig who supported the election of Zachary Taylor to the office of the Presidency, having supported Taylor, Jewell moved to Mississippi where he was elected General Superintendent of Telegraphers. Jewell moved back to New York in 1849, and in 1850 he returned to his fathers tannery business having entered into partnership with his father. Between 1859 and 1860, Jewell traveled to and visited Europe on business connected with the tannery firm, in 1865 Jewell returned to Europe and traveled to Egypt and the Holy Land. Having returned to the United States, Jewell, a Republican, ran for Connecticut state senator in 1867, however, in 1868, Jewell ran for the office of Connecticut Governor, however, he lost the election. Jewell ran again the year and was elected Governor of Connecticut having served from 1869 until 1870. Jewell was reelected to the governorship in 1871 having served until 1873, Jewell was also a presidential candidate at the 1876 Republican National Convention and served as the chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1880 until 1883. Having returned to Connecticut, Jewell became a merchant, having invested in the Hartford Evening Post. He died in 1883 in New Haven, Connecticut, and was interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Marshall Jewell was born in Winchester, New Hampshire on October 25,1825. His father, Pliny Jewell, native of Hartford, was a prominent tanner and currier and his elder brother was named Harvey Jewell. The young Marshall received an education at common schools. At an early age Jewell apprenticed for his father in the business working as a day laborer until the age of 18. Jewell moved to Woburn where he learned the skill of being a currier, Jewell returned to his fathers tannery business in Hartford where he worked in the currier shop for two years
39.
Dwight M. Sabin
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Dwight May Sabin was an American politician who served as U. S. Senator from Minnesota and in the Minnesota Legislature, Sabin was born in 1843 in Marseilles, Illinois to Horace Carver Sabin and Maria Elizabeth Webster. In 1857 his family moved back to his grandfathers farm in Windham and he briefly attended Phillips Academy studying civil engineering and mathematics but left school during the American Civil War. He acted as a clerk with the United States Treasury. After his father died in 1864 he was discharged and returned to Connecticut to manage his familys farm, in 1867 his doctor suggested Sabin relocate for the sake of his health. He moved to Minnesota, settling in Stillwater, Minnesota and becoming involved in different lumber, in 1870 he was first elected to the Minnesota Senate. Over the next 12 years he won election to both the Minnesota Senate and Minnesota House of Representatives a total of six times, in 1883 he was elected to the United States Senate from Minnesota. He served from March 4,1883, to March 4,1889 in the 48th, 49th, and 50th congresses and was involved in legislation regarding railroads, veterans pensions and he also served as the chair of the Republican National Committee from 1883 to 1884. In 1888 he was not renominated by his party and returned to his business pursuits, Sabin died on December 22,1902 in Chicago, Illinois. He is buried in Fairview Cemetery in Stillwater, Minnesota and he is the namesake of the city of Sabin, Minnesota. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
40.
Benjamin Franklin Jones (industrialist)
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Benjamin Franklin Jones, Sr. was a pioneer of the iron and steel industry in Pittsburgh. Originally involved in the barge industry, he purchased a share in American Iron Works in 1851. He later joined with James H. Laughlin to form Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, the B. F. Jones Memorial Library in Aliquippa Pennsylvania, the site of J&L Steels Aliquippa Works, was built in his honor with funds donated by his daughter. He was born on August 8,1824 in Claysville, Pennsylvania and he married Mary McMasters and had a son, Benjamin Franklin Jones, Jr. From 1884 to 1888 he was chairman of the Republican National Committee and he died on May 19,1903 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. He was executor of Laughlins estate, as chairman of the Republican National Committee 1884 to 1888, he was responsible for the James G. Blaine presidential campaign. Benjamin Franklin Jones Cottage B. F. Jones House
