1.
CSR EMU (Argentina)
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The CSR EMU is a series of electric multiple unit cars manufactured by CSR Corporation Limited for use on Buenos Aires commuter rail network. The trains operate on three of the lines as of 2015 and 705 cars were manufactured, with each line using a different number of cars per train. They were created for use on lines electrified using third rail and overhead lines. By 2013, the stock of Buenos Aires commuter rail network was ageing and deteriorating rapidly. The government thus decided to intervene, revoking concessions to such as Trenes de Buenos Aires. This was followed by a series of rolling stock purchases from China CNR Corporation, however, not all works were finished by the time the CSR EMUs arrived on their respective lines, and some works continued on while they were already functioning. The units were built at CSRs Qingdao factory, a complex with 1,640,000 m2 of covered space. In 2014, CSR then purchased the Argentine rolling stock manufacturer Emprendimientos Ferroviarios, there are very minor differences with the Roca Line trains, and the most major difference is the overhead collection which runs at a different voltage. The trains began to arrive in February 2014, just 13 months after the order was signed, the electric multiple units are used on all of Buenos Aires electrified commuter rail lines, with the exception of the Urquiza Line which uses Japanese Toshiba EMUs. The Belgrano Sur line had diesel multiple units with an appearance to the CSR electric multiple units purchased. The Sarmiento Line was the first to begin operating the CSR trains in July 2014, followed by the Mitre Line, all the trains are operated by the state-owned Trenes Argentinos, which is now a part of the larger Ferrocarriles Argentinos umbrella company
2.
Retiro Mitre railway station
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Retiro Station is a large railway terminus located in the district of Retiro of the city of Buenos Aires. The station is located just opposite Plaza San Martín, a public square. One of Argentinas largest railway stations, Retiro Mitre is the terminus for the Mitre Railway, Retiro Mitre is accessible by the C line of the Buenos Aires Metro system and by numerous local public bus services. The station will also be accessible by both Line E and Line H of the metro once their extensions are complete, the station is also near from Retiro bus station, the principal long-distance bus terminal in Buenos Aires. The French-style station building was designed by the British architects Eustace L. Conder, Roger Conder, building began in June 1909 and the station was opened on 1 August 1915 while being operated by the Central Argentine Railway. The steel structure for the building was made in Liverpool, England, for many years it was considered to be the most important example of structural engineering in South America and architecturally one of the finest buildings in the world. Other private companies operating the station were Corredores Ferroviarios and Ferrocentral, in 1997 the Retiro Mitre station was declared a National Monument. In 2015 plans were announced to expand the station new platforms to accommodate long distance services operated by Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado. The new part of the station would have new road access from Libertador Avenue, the existing buildings are also currently being renovated, including restoration of the train shed. State-owned Trenes Argentinos operates the rail services calling at José León Suárez, Tigre. Long-distance services to Rosario and Tucumán cities are operated by the same company. Media related to Retiro Mitre station at Wikimedia Commons
3.
Commuter rail
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Trains operate following a schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used and they primarily serve lower density suburban areas, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others uses fewer departures during off peak hours, average speeds are high, often 50 km/h or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved, some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains distance varies between 15 and 200 km, sometimes long distances can be explained by that the train runs between two or several cities. Distances between stations may vary, but are much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centers the train either has a station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in the same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs, however, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the standard gauge track. Some light rail systems may run on a narrower gauge, some countries, including Finland, India, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco in the USA and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries further complicates matters, most S-bahns typically behave like commuter rail with most trackage not separated from other trains, and long lines with trains running between cities and suburbs rather than within a city. The distances between stations however, are usually short, in larger systems there is usually a high frequency metro-like central corridor in the city center where all the lines converge into. Typical examples of large city S-Bahns include Munich and Frankfurt, S-Bahns do also exist in some mid-size cities like Rostock and Magdeburg but behave more like typical commuter rail with lower frequencies and very little exclusive trackage. A similar network exists in Copenhagen called the S-tog, in Hamburg and Copenhagen, other, diesel driven trains, do continue where the S-Bahn ends. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in the way inter-city rail does, Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities and it provides a service between smaller communities along the line, and also connections with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions or at larger towns along the line. Alternative names are local train or stopping train, examples include the former BRs Regional Railways, Frances TER, Germanys DB Regio and South Koreas Tonggeun services
4.
Buenos Aires Province
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Buenos Aires is the largest and most populous Argentinian province. It takes the name from the city of Buenos Aires, which used to be the capital until it was federalized in 1880. The current capital of the province is the city of La Plata, the entire province is part of the Pampas geographical region. The province has a population of about 15.6 million people, nearly 10 million people live in Greater Buenos Aires, the metropolitan area surrounding the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The area of the province,307,571 km2, makes it the largest in Argentina with around 11% of the total area. The inhabitants of the province before the 16th century advent of Spanish colonisation were aboriginal peoples such as the Charrúas and their culture was lost over the next 350 years. They were subjected to Eurasian plagues from which few survived, the survivors joined other tribes or have been mostly absorbed by Argentinas European ethnic majority. Pedro de Mendoza founded Santa María del Buen Ayre in 1536, even though the first contact with the aboriginals was peaceful, it soon became hostile. The city was evacuated in 1541, Juan de Garay re-founded the settlement in 1580 as Santísima Trinidad y Puerto Santa María de los Buenos Aires. Amidst ongoing conflict with the aboriginals, the cattle farms extended from Buenos Aires, jesuits unsuccessfully tried to peacefully assimilate the aboriginals into the European culture brought by the Spanish conquistadores. A certain balance was found at the end of the 18th century, the end to this situation came in 1879 with the Conquest of the Desert in which the aboriginals where almost completely exterminated. After the independence from Spain in 1816, the city and province of Buenos Aires became the focus of an intermittent Argentine Civil War with other provinces. A Federal Pact secured by Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1831 led to the establishment of the Argentine Confederation and to his gaining the sum of public power, which provided a tenuous unity. Ongoing disputes regarding the influence of Buenos Aires, between Federalists and Unitarians, and over the Port of Buenos Aires fueled periodic hostilities, the province was declared independent on September 11,1852, as the State of Buenos Aires. Concessions gained in the 1859 Pact of San José de Flores, intermittent conflicts with the nation did not truly cease until 1880, when the city of Buenos Aires was formally federalized and, thus, administratively separated from the province. La Plata was founded in 1882 by Governor Dardo Rocha for the purpose of becoming the provincial capital, the equivalent of a billion dollars of British investment and pro-development, education and immigration policies pursued at the national level subsequently spurred dramatic economic growth. Driven by European immigration and improved health, the population, like Argentinas, nearly doubled to one million by 1895. Rail lines connected nearly every town and hamlet in the province by 1914 and this era of accelerated development was cut short by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which caused a sharp drop in commodity prices and led to a halt in the flow of investment funds between nations
5.
Central Argentine Railway
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The Central Argentine Railway was one of the Big Four broad gauge,5 ft 6 in, private companies, owned by an american bussinessman, that built and operated railway networks in Argentina. The company was established in the 19th century, to serve the provinces of Santa Fe and Córdoba, in November 1855 the report was presented in Rosario. Campbell had been the engineer in the New York-Harlem railway line and been hired by William Wheelwright to make, the costs estimated by Campbell in the report, were the following, The distance estimated was 396 km and the costs were in Argentine Peso. The studio revealed a costos of GBP4,000 per mile built, a decree promulgated on April granted the company the lands to build roads, docks, stations and stops, that will be given to the company in perpetuity and free of lines. In 1863, the government of Argentina granted the company, led by engineer William Wheelwright, the grant included a clause to populate the lands along and around the railway that were given to the company by the national state. The construction works started in April 1863 with the establishment of the terminus in Rosario, the line, a 1,676 mm broad gauge railway. In September 1867 the line reached Villa María, Córdoba and the works ceased, minister Rawson expressed disagreement for the paralization of the works while passengers also protested against poor conditions of the service. The works for the Rosario Central station and other stations had not begun. The company alleged that they could not continue the extension of the line until the lands were given. On September 1867 the Government authorized a new disbursement of funds for $1,500,000 to conclude the pending works, finally in March 1870 the railway reached the city of Córdoba and it was officially inaugurated by then Presidente of Argentina Domingo Sarmiento on April 13. The CAR was the longest railway system at time and the first to join two provinces. During 18 years the company did not built any km else so in 1888 the railway system still had 396 km of extension, the company sent a commissioner to Europe to bring immigrants to form agricultural colonies, as required by the concession contract. They were settled first in Roldán, the first stop after Rosario, in 1891 the CA opened Fisherton Station in the west of Rosario, as well as new branch entering Rosario from the southwest and a stop on said line. Victoria station was opened in 1891. Trains to Zelaya and Capilla del Señor departed from Victoria for the first time one year later, the CAR also installed the first crossbuck and manually-operated gates in the many level crossings existing by then. The CA absorbed a company, Ferrocarril Oeste Santafesino, in 1900. In 1908, CA was merged with another company, Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway, which served the Buenos Aires–Rosario line. The fused company opened two new stops in Rosario, Parada Cruce Alberdi in the north-center of the city, and Parada Golf, in the limit of the municipality
6.
Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado
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Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado is an Argentine State-owned company created in 2008 to operate passenger services in Argentina. It is a subsidiary of the Ferrocarriles Argentinos holding company, since March 2015 SOFSE has run the Buenos Aires commuter rail services Mitre, San Martín, Roca and Belgrano Sur lines previously operated by private companies. After the Railway privatisation in Argentina at the beginning of the 1990s the railway assets that had not given in concession were taken over by Ferrocarriles Argentinos before being dissolved. From 1996 to 2000 those assets were administered by Ente Nacional de Administración de Bienes Ferroviarios created through a National Decree promulgated by the Presidency of Argentina, on June 1,2000, ENABIEF merged to Dirección Nacional de Bienes del Estado. From then on, the Organismo Nacional de Administración de Bienes began its activities as an organism created to manage the assets not directly affected to State activities. Law 26.352 promulgated in 2008 re-organized the railway operations in Argentina creating two State organisms, the Administración de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias and the Operadora Ferroviaria, Decree N° 752/08 regulated the activities by the recently established company since then. Although having been established in 2008, SOFSE became active two years later, when the took over the railway services in Chaco Province left by Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco. In 2011 the organism added the services of Salta and Buenos Aires Provinces. When Minister of Transport was created in 2012, SOFSE took over all the urban services not granted in concession of Greater Buenos Aires. The society also began to operate services such as train services to Córdoba, Tucumán cities. In June 2013, SOFSE took over the Tren de la Costa when the Government decided the company would be managed by the Argentine State after revoking the contract with Sociedad Comercial del Plata. In September 2013, the Government of Argentina designed SOFSE to operate the Mitre and Sarmiento lines and this decision was officially promulgated through Resolution N° 1083/13. SOFSE operated temporarily the Mitre line until the Government of Argentina re-privatised it, in December 2014, brand new trains acquired by the Government of Argentina to Chinese company CNR Dalian, started to run luxury services from Constitución to Mar del Plata. Classic service continued to be operated by Ferrobaires, in February 2015, services from Buenos Aires to Rufino, Santa Fe were reestablished after 22 years. The service runs with brand-new trains acquired to China on Ferrocarril San Martín tracks, trains make stops at Chacabuco, Junín, Vedia and Alberdi, among other stations. In March 2015, SOFSE started to run the CNR CKD8 trains from Retiro to Córdoba, due to the poor conditions of the tracks, trains took 19 hours to run the 700 km between terminus. It was double the time that in 1938, when operated by Central Argentine took 9 hours to connect both cities with two intermediate stops. SOFSE took over Belgrano Sur and Roca and Mitre and San Martín lines after the Government of Argentina rescinded the contracts signed with both companies on March 2,2015, the contract terms specified that the concession could be cancelled with no right to claim compensation
7.
Corredores Ferroviarios
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Since then, the Mitre and San Martín line are operated by State-owned company Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado. The company also ran services to the city of Rosario in Santa Fe Province. On May 24,2012, the contract with TBA to operate the Mitre, as a result, UGOMS took over the Mitre Line until it was granted in concession. The San Martín Line was granted to UGOFE, a formed by railway companies Ferrovías, Metrovías and TBA. On February 12,2014, the Government of Argentina announced that companies would take over the lines operated by UGOFE. Emepa Group also owned Ferrocentral, a company formed with Nuevo Central Argentino to run passenger services to Rosario, Tucumán. The company was dissolved in November 2014, when the National Government took over the services, when UGOFE was dissolved, Corredores Ferroviarios took over the Mitre / San Martín lines. In April 2014, brand new trains by Chinese company CSR were acquired by the National Government to be run in San Martín Line. The units had brought in 2008 but they were unable to run so the stations had to modify their platforms for the new coaches. Once works were concluded, the Chinese trains made their debut in Argentina, a total of 17 trains with 7 wagons each were acquired to replace local trains by Materfer, a local manufacturer. The Materfer trains had been built in the 1960s and 1970s, in November 2014, the Retiro-Tigre section of Mitre Line renewed its fleet of electric trains, adding a total of 12 brand new units for that service. The CSR trains replaced old Toshiba wagons that had brought to Argentina in the 1960s for the Mitre. The purchase cost $250 million, all paid by the National Government, the renovation of the rolling stock finished in February 2015 with the Retiro-B. On March 2,2015, the Government of Argentina rescinded the contract with Corredores Ferroviarios through its state-owned company SOFSE, the contract with the company had been signed in February 2014, committing Corredores Ferroviarios to operate the Mitre and San Martín lines. Archived from the original on January 2,2015
8.
Tigre, Buenos Aires
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Tigre is a town in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated in the north of Greater Buenos Aires,28 km north of Buenos Aires city. Tigre lies on the Paraná Delta and is an important tourist and weekend attraction, easily reached by bus and train services and it is the principal town of the Tigre Partido. The town sits on an island created by small streams and rivers and was founded in 1820, after floods had destroyed other settlements in the area. The areas name derives from the “tigres” or jaguars that were hunted there, on occasions, in its early years. The area was first settled by Europeans who came to farm the land, Tigre is still an important timber processing port. The “Puerto de Frutos” is now a crafts fair located in the old fruit market by the riverside, the Naval Museum is also nearby. Antiques shops, riverside restaurants and pubs, the casino and Parque de la Costa, Tigre is also the starting point for a visit to the Paraná Delta. For locals and tourists alike, vintage mahogany commuter launches and motorboats are the way to travel through its web of inter-connecting rivers. Tigre has, in recent years, seen an influx of people relocating to the city from other parts of Greater Buenos Aires, in recent years it has seen a rise in upmarket tourism, spawning new spa developments and clientele such as the pop star, Madonna. The town of Tigre is served by two lines, the Mitre Line and the scenic Tren de la Costa, both terminate at walking distance from all venues. Mitre Line Retiro – Tigre The Mitre Line departs from Buenos Aires Retiro Station to Tigre Station every 10 –30 minutes. The Tren de la Costa has two types of tickets, a direct Maipú – Delta service and another allows the visitor off at various stations without paying any extra. The Tren de la Costa runs every twenty minutes daily, commuter passenger boats, water taxis and ferries provide public transport within the Tigre Delta. Villa Paranacito, Entre Ríos Paraná Delta Official Municipality web site Official travel site Victorica Promenade A Jaguars Warning
9.
Olivos, Buenos Aires
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Olivos is an Argentine city in Vicente López Partido in the Province of Buenos Aires and a suburb within the Greater Buenos Aires metro area. Olivos is the site of the residence of the President of Argentina. The city is bordered on the east by the shores of the Río de la Plata, a 1905 edict subdivided San Isidro Partido in two, creating the modern Partido de Vicente López and designating Olivos as the seat. The opening of National Route 9 in the mid-1930s, west of the city, the complementing structures for the compound were built in variations on Baroque architecture. The residence hosted the Olivos Pact, an agreement signed on 14 November 1993 between then-President Carlos Menem and former President Raúl Alfonsín. The pact secured support for reforms allowing for the re-election of the President well as for the popular election of the Mayor of Buenos Aires. The city was witness to the Kheyvis nightclub fire, the deadliest such tragedy in Argentina up to that point. Olivos was selected as a stop along the Tren de la Costa tourist railway upon the opening in 1994. Municipal information, Municipal Affairs Federal Institute, Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina
10.
Rolling stock
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The term rolling stock originally referred to any vehicles that move on a railway. It has since expanded to include the vehicles used by businesses on roadways. It usually includes both powered and unpowered vehicles, for locomotives, railroad cars, coaches, and wagons. Rolling stock is considered to be an asset, or close to it, since the value of the vehicle can be readily estimated. The term contrasts with fixed stock, which is a term for the track, signals, stations, other buildings, electric wires. In Great Britain, types of rolling stock were given code names and these codes were telegraphese, somewhat analogous to the SMS language of today. List of railway vehicles Great Western Railway telegraphic codes Great Western Railway wagons The dictionary definition of rolling stock at Wiktionary
11.
Materfer CMM 400-2
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The CMM 400-2 is a diesel multiple unit produced by Materfer in Córdoba Province, Argentina. The units are produced in Argentinas three primary track gauges and the standard gauge variants were the first to be produced for General Urquiza Railway services in Entre Ríos Province. The DMUs come in 1000mm, 1435mm and 1676mm track gauges, most components are built in Argentina, with the exception of a few such as its German Knorr Bremse brakes and Swedish Scania engines. The possibility of upgrading the Scania engines to more powerful Deutz AG engines on all future, some of the passenger comforts in the cars include, air conditioning, pneumatic suspension, reclining seats and LED lighting. Each car has a capacity for 70 seated passengers and each trainset has a cabin on each side. The units can be found on a variety of different urban and inter-urban services in Argentina, the first trainsets were sent to Entre Ríos Province for inter-urban services on the General Urquiza Railways Paraná - Concepción del Uruguay line. The units on the General Roca Railway are used for services between Bragado - Realicó - General Pico in Buenos Aires and La Pampa provinces. CMM 400-2 trainsets will also be used for the Tren del Valle when it opens in 2015, CMM 400-2 trainsets on the Mitre Line are used for its diesel branch between Victoria and Capilla del Señor. These units had problems when they were incorporated into this branch since the tracks had not been replaced beforehand. Their bodywork has a different appearance to the standard and broad gauge units found on other lines. Rail transport in Argentina Emepa Alerce - another Argentine-built DMU Trenes Argentinos - primary operator Mitre Line Tren del Valle
12.
Track gauge
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In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide
13.
Government of Argentina
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The government of Argentina, within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government, Executive power is exercised by the President. Legislative power is vested in both the Executive and the National Congress, the Judiciary is independent from the Executive and from the Legislature. The President is also the Chief of the Argentine Armed Forces, the President and the Vice President are elected through universal suffrage by the nation considered as a whole. In any other case, the two leading tickets get to face a second round whose victor will be decided by a simple majority. This mechanism was not necessary in the 1995 election, when it could have first come into use, nor in the 1999 one, however, it was instrumental in the selection of Néstor Kirchner in 2003. The cabinet of ministers is appointed by the president, but is not technically part of the Executive Power, the vice-president, Gabriela Michetti, belongs to the legislative branch, since she is also the president of the Senate. President Mauricio Macri has held office since December 10,2015, the Congress consists of the Senate, presided by the Vice-President of the Nation, and the Chamber of Deputies, currently presided by Julián Domínguez, deputy for Buenos Aires province. Senators stay in office for six years, and deputies, for four, each of the Provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires elect deputies and senators directly. Deputies are representatives of the people of the Nation, while Senators represent their districts. Each district elects a number of deputies roughly proportional to their population by proportional representation. Members of both chambers are allowed indefinite re-elections, every two years, each of the 24 electoral districts elects one half of their lower chamber representatives. Districts with an odd number of Deputies elect one more or one fewer of them on each election, as for the Senators, the twenty-four districts are divided into three groups consisting of eight districts. Every two years all eight districts of one of those groups elect all their three senators, assigning two of them from the party obtains the majority, and one from the first minority party. Six years later, the group of districts will hold its next senatorial elections. Following the June 28th,2009 mid-term elections, half the Chamber of Deputies seats, among Justicialists representatives, a further 17 seats went to anti-Kirchnerites, gaining just one seat from the previous situation. The conservative Republican Proposal secured 26 seats, gaining 12 from the previous election, a further 24 seats went to smaller parties, mostly provincially oriented, but also from the center-left spectrum. Smaller, provincial parties were left with 4 seats in all and that controversial law cost the FPV16 Congressmen and 4 Senators by way of defections
14.
Line C (Buenos Aires Underground)
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Line C of the Buenos Aires Underground, that runs from Retiro to Constitución terminus, opened on 9 November 1934, and it has a length of 4.3 km. It runs under such streets as Lima Sur, Bernardo de Irigoyen, Carlos Pellegrini, Esmeralda, la Plaza San Martín and it is thus an important artery in Buenos Aires transport system. At the same time, it is also the shortest line in terms of length and number of stations. It was the line of the network to provide service to the public, after Line A. Up until 2007 with the aperture of line H, it was the line in the system providing a North-South service. The line was opened in 1934 and extended from the present terminus at Constitución to Diagonal Norte in the centre of the city. The stretch from Diagonal Norte to its present terminus at Retiro was then opened in 1936 and marked the last expansion of the line and it had advanced technology for the time, such as Automatic Train Stop. With the current extension of Line E and Line H, they both meet Line C at Retiro, where all three will terminate. The work is expected to be completed towards the end of 2016, large segments of track, as well as switches, are also being replaced. When the line was first opened, it was served by Siemens-Schuckert Orenstein & Koppel rolling stock in its entirety until 2007, in 2015, refurbished Nagoya Municipal Subway 5000 series rolling stock began to arrive, adding 50% capacity to the lines existing Nagoya trains and reducing journey times. Along with the purchase, the existing Nagoya rolling stock will also be refurbished with air conditioning, Subterráneos de Buenos Aires Metrovías S. A. Subte Operator Subterráneos de Buenos Aires, C Line System map
15.
Belgrano, Buenos Aires
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Belgrano is a leafy, northern barrio or neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The barrio of Palermo is to the southeast, Nuñez is to the northwest, Coghlan, Villa Urquiza, Villa Ortúzar, Belgrano was named after Manuel Belgrano, a politician and military leader who created the national flag of Argentina. In 1820, at Belgranos death, Buenos Aires legislature introduced a law to name the town to be founded after him. It was in Belgrano that the law declaring Buenos Aires as Argentinas federal capital was issued, in 1887, the federal district was enlarged by the annexation of the towns of Belgrano and Flores. Belgranodeutsch or Belgrano-Deutsch is a mixture of German and Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires, Belgrano is an upper-middle-class neighborhood that can be roughly divided into Belgrano R, Belgrano C, central Belgrano, and Lower Belgrano. The heart of the pulses with life on its main thoroughfare, Avenida Cabildo, which runs Northwest to Southeast. Avenida Cabildo carries heavy traffic, and features corner cafés, grocery stores, movie theaters, specialty shops, clothing boutiques, bookstores. Pedestrians are especially numerous on weekend afternoons as Porteños from various areas of the city come to shop, most of the neighborhoods densest housing is located in the vicinity of Cabildo. High-rise luxury apartment buildings are clustered on the streets surrounding the Universidad de Belgrano. West of Crámer avenue, Belgrano R is chiefly residential and lower-density in nature, characterized by calm streets lined with large, most buildings in this section are detached single-family homes that follow Anglo-Saxon architectural styles, some residences have sizable backyards with swimming pools. This section is favored by wealthy Argentines and expatriate businesspeople, Belgrano C is also home to Buenos Airess small Chinatown. The district is crowded with restaurants and specialty grocery stores catering to Asian-Argentines, Belgranos sidewalks are often busy with dogwalkers. Even though city ordinances forbid more than ten dogs to a person, Belgrano is served by the Buenos Aires metro line D, many bus lines, and two commuter rail lines. Approximately 1.5 km to the west of Belgrano lies Avenida General Paz, beyond this avenue lie the suburbs of Vicente Lopez, Florida and Olivos. International schools include, Belgrano Day School, several blocks north of the Belgrano University, Barrancas de Belgrano spans several city blocks and is overlooked by highrise upper-middle class apartment buildings. On Manuel Belgrano square, a local fair is held regularly. It features a small bust of Manuel Belgrano on its middle spot, in the edge of the plaza lies the Inmaculada Concepción church, called La Redonda by locals because of its circular plan. Many weddings are celebrated in church in the afternoon hours
16.
Line D (Buenos Aires Underground)
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Line D of the Buenos Aires Underground runs from Catedral to Congreso de Tucumán. The D Line opened on 3 June 1937 and has expanded to the north several times. The line is currently 11 km long and has 16 stations, Line D was the second line to be built by the Hispanic-Argentine Company for Public Works and Finances, following the construction of Line C in 1934. Construction began in 1935 and the first part of the line was inaugurated in 1937, three years later, the section which brought the line to Plaza Italia in Palermo was completed, bringing the length of the line to 6.5 km. The line was not properly extended until 1993 when it was extended to Ministro Caranza, over the decades it has been discussed numerous times whether to extend the line out to the limits of the city proper. The last of these proposals came forward in 2002 which would have seen an additional two added to the line. However, this was abandoned since the line was already at full capacity after the opening of Congreso de Tucumán station. Line D is the line in the network which will not be extended as part of the most recent expansion plan. Until the privatisation of the underground in the 1990s, Line D was identified by the red colour, Line D carries out cultural activities on stations Juramento, Congreso de Tucumán and Olleros. The lending of the facilities is free for the museum. Line D was originally served by Siemens-Schuckert Orenstein & Koppel rolling stock, in 1999, cars from the Nagoya Municipal Subway were purchased second hand from Japan and incorporated into the line. More 100 Series cars continued to be purchased in that decade up until 2009, the remaining Nagoya cars were moved to Line C in 2007 and replaced with the 100 Series cars and with Fiat-Materfer cars. In September 2015, at a conference in Brazil, the head of SBASE gave a presentation in which the number of new cars to be purchased for the line was 84 instead of 30. By 2016, the figure had been fixed at 60 new cars. Subterráneos de Buenos Aires Metrovías S. A. Subte Operator Subterráneos de Buenos Aires, D Line System map
17.
Colegiales
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Colegiales is a barrio or district in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located between Alvarez Thomas av and this neighborhood offers a vast amount of contrast and opportunities. There are large and tall buildings that go from the Crámer street to Avenida Cabildo and this district has become a busy one with lots of pedestrians and cars that go about on the streets. The history of Colegiales is the same as the barrio of Chacarita because it used to be called Chacarita de los Colegiales and this neighborhood had chacras and quintas, where the Jesuits hosted retreats with their students. When this order was expelled in 1767, the lands were expropriated by the Spanish Crown, beginning with the government of Bernardino Rivadavia in 1826, workers and immigrants from Europe settled in the area that later became the two neighborhoods of Chacarita and Colegiales. In this district the Club Atlético Colegiales developed, a club that plays in the regionalized third tier of Argentine football. Today, however, it is in the city of Munro, Colegiales is one of Buenos Aires smallest districts. Its main thoroughfare is Federico Lacroze avenue, where most neighborhood traffic, Alvarez Thomas avenue is a study in contrasts, lined with single-family rowhouses along one side and almost entirely with apartment blocks along the other. The avenue also separates Colegiales with its neighbor to the south, the Pasaje General Paz attracts visitors near and far, with its mature trees, bridgepath streams and ornate, balconied Andalusian-style patio. The Colegiales Athletic and Social Club is probably the favorite social venue. Located on 2860 Teodoro García Street, it was famous in decades past for Roberto Polaco Goyeneches frequent Tango recitals there, Colegiales was also home to the citys first cinema, Las Familias. The cinema was probably better-known, however, for the people who had it built than for its distinction as a historical first, though now a distant memory, the colorful Anselmis entertained generations of locals with their namesake circus on Lacroze and Cabildo Avenues. Today, sadly, none of these establishments exist, as they shut down or relocated to the more upscale Belgrano. The Argos Cinema was long the most popular in Colegiales, as it included a cinema, theatre, meeting hall and it was renovated and reopened in May 2012 as the Vorterix Theater, a music venue with a 1500 capacity theater which also houses the radio station Vorterix Rock. Another radio station, Radio Metro, is based in Colegiales. Colegiales cafés, many open, are often not unlike pool halls, frequented by night owls. Perhaps the best-known is the Café Argos, which boasts its period decor. The Federico Lacroze Area Development Council, on 3955 Maure Street, publishes its own periodical, socially and culturally invested, it provides a forum for literary circles like the Enrique Banchs Literary Society and the Chacarita-Colegiales Historical Society
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Line B (Buenos Aires Underground)
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Line B of the Buenos Aires Underground runs 11.75 kilometres from Leandro N. Alem to Juan Manuel de Rosas in Villa Urquiza. Line B opened to the public on 17 October 1930 and it was the first line in Buenos Aires whose stations had turnstiles and moving stairways. Its gauge of 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in is the same as the rest of the Buenos Aires underground system, the rolling stock currently used on the B line are former Tokyo Metro 300/500/900 stocks, which was used on Marunouchi Line and CAF5000 stock. These Japanese units were acquired in the early 1990s, and offer less sitting room than the previous setup, the Japanese trains are being phased out and replaced by newer CAF5000 and CAF6000 rolling stock acquired from the Madrid Metro.7 km tunnel. The Act provided that the works would clear in part the traffic in the area of the city. This will grant the concession of the line for passengers, parcels, the construction was done by the Argentine builder Dwight P. Robinson & Cía, and the line was called Ferrocarril Terminal Central de Buenos Aires. The first section between Federico Lacroze and Callao opened on 17 October 1930 and measured 7.021 km, the maiden voyage was made by President de facto José Félix Uriburu. On 22 June 1931, it was extended to Carlos Pellegrini station, finally, the line was completed on 1 December 1931 when the subway reached the station Leandro N. Alem. These three sections were carried out entirely below Corrientes Avenue, including 19 curves and 13 stations, according to the depth of the line, some sections were made by open ditch or gallery or tunnel. As so were performed mainly at open skies the stations Federico Lacroze, Dorrego, Canning, Río de Janeiro, when you reach the tunnel at Maipu Street the maximum depth reached 17 metres. Underneath the Rancagua park, in Chacarita, a workshop and a 10 track garage were built and this line had escalators and turnstiles for the payment of coin-operated service, initially manufactured in United States, formerly controlled by guards. It also was deeper than the Line A, and like it and this was lifted after the fire occurred on 27 November 1952. Line B was recently extended underground further west from Los Incas/Parque Chas to Echeverría, the new stations opened in July 26,2013. Each car had two 105 HP motors, the interiors had 47 wooden seats, the majority with reversible back and three slide doors on each side, at the platforms level, of opening and closure commanded by the guard. One year later,20 similar cars made by Osgood Bradley Car Company of the US were incorporated, the Japanese-built Eidan 300/400/500/900 sets, which ran on line B starting in 1996, were in service on the Marunouchi Line in Tokyo from 1959 through late 1995. In 2009, it was announced that the Madrid Metro has sold its oldest wide-profile trains to Buenos Aires. The 5000 series trains, which were in operation in Madrid since 1974, in July 2013, Madrid Metro sold 73 of its 6000 series cars to Buenos Aires for €32.6 million in exchange for the retirement of the rest of the Japanese-built trains. Until the privatization of subte in the 1990s, the B line was identified by the green color, florida and Carlos Pellegrini stations are the two busiest stations on the line, as most commuters alight there in the morning to work in the downtown financial district
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Saavedra, Buenos Aires
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Saavedra is a barrio of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the Northern end of the city, close to Belgrano and its northern border is Avenida General Paz. Among the main features of the neighbourhood is the Parque Saavedra, many inhabitants of Buenos Aires pass through Saavedra en route to their weekends in the country. The neighbourhoods most famous son is tango singer Roberto Goyeneche, also, it was the cradle of Platense football club. The main characters of Adolfo Bioy Casaress novel El Sueño de los Héroes live in Saavedra, the interchange between the Pan-American Highway and Avenida General Paz is at Saavedras northern end. Never built, the stretch was converted into Avenida Roberto Goyeneche. Saavedra is also home to an important Philips manufacturing facility, as well as the Dot Baires Shopping Center, Saavedra community newspaper Barrio de Saavedra facts Barrio de Saavedra facts history of Saavedra Historical dates
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Avenida General Paz
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Avenida General Paz is a beltway freeway surrounding the city of Buenos Aires. Roughly following the boundary between the city and Buenos Aires Province, it is one of the few motorways in Argentina that is toll-free. It carries three lanes of traffic in each direction during most of its length, and five lanes between the Pan-American Highway and the Río de la Plata. There are feeder roads in both directions and there are service areas along its length, usually with a gas station and fast food restaurants. Federal law number 2,089 of 1887 established the limits of the city of Buenos Aires, including the partidos of Belgrano, in Article 6 of that law it declared that a road was to be built to delimit these with the city of Buenos Aires. Due to the plan of drawing straight lines for the road, named after José María Paz, the freeway was designed by Pascual Palazzo and construction was directed by José María Zaballa Carbó. It was the first freeway built in the country, the crossings with the most important avenues were grade-separated, more minor cross-streets were served with traffic circles. The road had four lanes, two on each direction and lateral feeder streets of one lane on each side, the pavement was made of reinforced concrete. Work was started on 8 June 1937, and the freeway was opened to the public on 5 July 1941, in the 1970s the roundabout on Avenida del Libertador was replaced by an interchange. In 1996 the road was modernized and fully grade-separated, widening the road to three lanes on each direction and two streets with two lanes each. To facilitate traffic it was decided that the bus lines travelled on these feeder roads, except the express service buses. These streets have speed bumps that limit speed to 40 kilometers per hour, Buenos Aires government current and historical maps
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Belgrano Norte Line
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This service had previously been run by the state-owned General Belgrano Railway since nationalisation of the railways in 1948. Ferrovías also formed part of the consortium UGOFE which operated other commuter services in Buenos Aires. The Belgrano Norte line service operates from Retiro station, in the centre of Buenos Aires, during peak hours, trains run approximately every 8 minutes and an estimated 42 million passengers are transported each year. The line was part of the Córdoba Central Railway, specifically the branch from the city of Rosario to Retiro, the CCR would become part of General Belgrano Railway network when the Government of Argentina nationalised French and British companies in 1948. In 1903 the company was authorised to extend rails to Boulogne Sur Mer in Greater Buenos Aires, in 1909 the line was finally opened. The train departed from Rosario, finishing the journey in Villa Adelina, named in honour of Adelina Munro Drysdale, the train stopped in the other four stations in existence at the time, Villa Rosa, Del Viso, Los Polvorines and Don Torcuato. In 1912, the line reached Retiro in central Buenos Aires, other stations were opened, such as Munro and Kilómetro 14, later renamed Juan B. Justo in commemoration of the president of Argentina. Justo and Retiro, tracks crossed over the Maipú Avenue in Vicente López Partido and this bridge was named Puente Saavedra. A short time after that, a new station, Km.12 was built near the bridge, the current Florida station was initially opened as a simple stop along the way. In 1913, when the San Martín Avenue was paved, a property of the Narciso Agüero & Cía company was established there. For that reason, the stop was named Parada Agüero for a period, justo station changed its name to M. M. Padilla to avoid being confused with the station of the name that belongs to the Mitre Line. During the 1930s, the Km.18 station was established and many names were proposed until the National Academy of History suggested Carapachay, which was chosen in 1946. Between 1947 and 1948,50 coaches made at the Tafí Viejo workshops and 70 Whitcomb diesel locomotives were added to the Belgrano Nortes fleet, due to Córdoba Central Railways financial problems, the Government of Argentina took over the company and began operating the trains. In 1949 the line was merged into the then-recently created General Belgrano Railway, local services were operated by Ferrocarriles Argentinos under the name Belgrano Norte to distinguish it from the Belgrano Sur Line. Four years later, a fleet of 21 English Electric locomotives arrived to replace Whitcomb, in 1961 the Government led by President Arturo Frondizi closed several railway lines, with the Don Torcuato-Campo de Mayo line among them. In 1964,27 coaches built by Aerfer, an Argentine subsidiary of FIAT Ferroviaria, were added to the line
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Florida, Buenos Aires
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Florida is a mostly residential barrio of the Vicente López Partido in the northern suburbs of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is principally a middle-class neighbourhood and is located between the barrios of Olivos and Vicente López, also in the same partido, the city is located between The Autopista Pascual Palazzo highway and the Maipú Avenue. The Acceso Norte splits the district into two neighborhoods, Florida Este and Florida Oeste, Florida is served by the Mitre Line, which provides easy access to the city of Buenos Aires. Due to the lines, Este and Oeste neighborhoods are also called Florida Mitre or Florida Belgrano. Its main commercial area is centered on General San Martín avenue, Florida was founded in 1891 when the Buenos Aires and Rosario Railway opened a station in the section from Belgrano that then reached Bartolomé Mitre, Borges and San Isidro. Some versions state that the station was named Florida to commemorate a victory over Spanish army in the Paraje La Florida of Alto Perú on May 25,1814, during the War of Independence. The official date of establishment was set by a decree that gave approval to the builder of the line to divide tha lands into lots for future sells. The date was set on May 7,1891, between 1895 and 1915 the Compañía de los Ferrocarriles Pobladores and the French Bank that owned lands in the zone, sold them to families that quickly arrived to the region and settled the area. The Florida station was a point of reunion among the inhabitants of the districts, most of the residential houses grouped near the station, while the country hoses located in current Melo street. Little farms where vegetables were grown, established near Mitre Avenue, by Municipal Ordinance, Florida was declared village, in 1907. Six years after, the bishop of La Plata, Juan Terrero, the Rossi family donated an image of Virgin Mary sculpted in Carrara marble in Italy. The first priest of the region was Father José A. Coffa, the temple, finished in 1931, was named Nuestra Señora de la Guardia being the first church in Florida. In the area there are a lot of centres, as per Vicente Lopez Municipality information in 2017 the offers are, Initial education Maternity Gartens. 4513-1933 Maternal Garden N °8, Santa Rosa 4148, Florida West,10, Aristóbulo del Valle 2375, Florida. María Florencia Guerci Phones, 5197-1515 5197-1154 5197-1589 5197-1836 Facebook, / CentroUniversitarioVL Private Schools The area had a German school, platenses home ground is Estadio Ciudad de Vicente López. Other notable clubs of the neighborhood is Sportivo Balcarce that played in Primera División during the 1920s, Municipal information, Municipal Affairs Federal Institute, Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina
