1.
Gundam
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The popularity of the first TV series and the merchandising that followed spawned a franchise that has come to include works released in numerous media. Titles have appeared in the form of television series and OVAs, movies, manga, novels. The franchise has led to the creation of one of the biggest toy. As of 2014, the Gundam franchise generates revenues of 80 billion yen a year, the 2014 retail sales of Gundam toy and hobby items totaled 18.4 billion yen. Also, Mobile Suit Gundam Wing ranked 18th and Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ ranked 20th, gunpla holds 90% of the Japanese character plastic model market. Academics in Japan have also viewed the series as inspiration, with the International Gundam Society being the first academic institution based on an animated TV series. Mobile Suit Gundam was developed by noted animator Yoshiyuki Tomino, along with a group of Sunrise creators who went under the collective pseudonym of Hajime Yatate. During its conceptual phase, the series was titled Freedom Fighter Gunboy, or simply Gunboy for the gun the robot was armed with, the Yatate team combined the English word gun with the last syllable of the word freedom to form the portmanteau name Gundom. Tomino then changed it to the current title, suggesting that Gundam signified a powerful unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies, like a hydroelectric dam holding back floods. In keeping with this concept, Gundam in all media that followed are often depicted as singularly unique or limited-production, most Gundam are large, bipedal, humanoid-shaped vehicles controlled from cockpits by a human pilot. The majority of mobile suits have a cockpit in the torso of the machine. Mobile Suit Gundam is said to have pioneered the real robot subgenre of mecha anime, unlike its super robot cousins, Mobile Suit Gundam attempted a realism in the robot design and weaponry, by running out of energy and ammunition or breaking and malfunctioning. The technology is practical and is derived from true science or at least well-explained, feasible technology. One difficulty, however, is that the designation for each ONeill cylinder does not relate to the terms for the Lagrange points. The necessity of developing humanoid robots is also explained, albeit fictional, the general narratives of Gundam shows classify as war drama. These are often framed in the series as a debate between the protagonist and antagonist over the course of a duel, as try to convince each other of the righteousness of their causes. Most of the stories are structured as coming-of-age dramas, where the main casts personalities, points of view, allegiances, goals, and actions may or may not change dramatically as events unfold. This makes the plot seem more realistic than earlier super robot animated series where the hero and cast usually act in the same predictable manner, with little connection between the episodes
2.
Amuro Ray
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Amuro Ray is a fictional character introduced in Sunrises 1979 anime series Mobile Suit Gundam. Amuro is a mechanic who becomes the pilot of the known as RX-78-2 Gundam to protect himself from the Zeon forces invading his space colony during the war. He becomes an Earth Federation pilot in the war as well as the first Newtype, the Gundam franchise explores Amuros involvement in the wars piloting the titular mecha. He returns in the sequel, Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam and the feature film Mobile Suit Gundam and he is voiced by Tōru Furuya, Brad Swaile, Michael Lindsay, Matthew Erickson, Fryda Wolff and Lucien Dodge. As the protagonist of the series, Amuro was made a teenager due to the shows sponsor, director Yoshiyuki Tomino explained Amuro became a Newtype to explain his talent when piloting the RX-78-2 Gundam despite his young age. His character became popular in Japan, earning high ranks in popularity polls involving Gundam characters as well as anime characters in general. Critical reception to the character has also been positive with comments revolving around his work as a soldier, Amuro is the hero of the anime series Mobile Suit Gundam. He is the son of Tem Ray, the leader for the Earth Federations Project V, which produces the prototype mobile suits Gundam, Guncannon. Though Amuros father wanted his mother to come with them, she declined, when Amuro reunites with his mother during the One Year War there is some animosity between them, as Kamaria could not tolerate her son taking part in the violence of a military life. Once Amuro and his made it to space, Tem was often not home for long periods of time. Amuro became a misfit and kept to himself, spending most of his time at home building and repairing gadgets. His neighbor Fraw Bow took it herself to take care of him. This trend continued into the One Year War period, Amuros first appearance is in the television series Mobile Suit Gundam. When Char Aznable sends a group of Zeon mobile suits in a mission on Side 7. In sheer desperation, Amuro ends up piloting the RX-78-2 Gundam to defend his home, using his intuition and reading the manual, Amuro manages to start up the Gundam and defeat the two attacking Zaku mobile suits. Seeing his potential, Earth Federation Captain Bright Noa assigns the reluctant Amuro to the Gundam and it is in Earth orbit that Amuro first goes into personal battle against Char. Still being a novice, Amuro fares poorly, but still manages to fend off Chars attack, when White Base finally lands on Earth, Amuro deserts the ship after overhearing Bright discussing with Mirai Yashima about replacing Amuro from piloting Gundam. Amuro abandons the crew with the Gundam, but after finding out about Zeon Ramba Rals attempted attack on White Base, he back to his friends
3.
Gundam (fictional robot)
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The RX-78-2 Gundam is a fictional manned robot, introduced in 1979 in Yoshiyuki Tominos and Sunrises anime series Mobile Suit Gundam. As the success of the series began the Gundam franchise, the design was the first of many variations in subsequent works. The design appearing in Mobile Suit Gundam serves as the symbol of the Gundam franchise and sparked the creation of its multiple sequels. The RX-78s initial concept was that of a armor, the primary design for Yoshiyuki Tominos proposed series Freedom Fighter Gunboy. The series later changed its name to Mobile Suit Gundam and Kunio Okawara was given Tominos concept to shape into a design for the anime. Okawara created multiple designs before settling on the current, samurai-styled design for the anime in 1979, enemies in the series keep referring to the RX-78-2 as White, or The White Devil while it is a mix of blue, red, and white. Tominos response in the version of Gundam is that the original design was to be a grayscale machine, made up of mostly white. However, Sunrise disapproved of the colouring and insisted the unit to be painted in colours to attract attention. The original Gundam, the RX-78-2 design was expanded to be the second in a line of eight Gundams, preceding model RX-78-1 and later models RX-78-3~8. The first and third Gundam were designed by Okawara between 1980 and 1983 for Gundam Century and Mobile Suit Variations and the 3rd appeared in the version as G-3 Gundam. The fourth through eighth Gundam is designed by Okawara in 1989 for Kunio Okawara collection, katoki redesigned the RX-78-7 for the upcoming PlayStation 3 game Mobile Suit Gundam Battlefield Record UC0081. The RX-78-2 has also been redesigned several times by other artists, Okawara himself redesigned the Gundam for original character designer Yoshikazu Yasuhikos manga Mobile Suit Gundam, The Origin, a retelling of the events of the original series. It has been referred as Ver, the continuing popularity in Japan of this mobile suit has led Bandai to create a 1. 5m tall model version, which went on sale in Japan in 2007. The Japan Self-Defense Forces built a full scale RX-78-3 Gundam with styrofoam in its show. Gundam Expo uses the RX-78s last shooting scene in its logos X, while the ultimate result of the program was the RGM-79 GM, the engineers in the project tested several design concepts for the mass-production units in the RX-78 series. Some of the developments in the RX-78 models were later incorporated into the GM line, only eight RX-78 suits were produced during the One Year War, although continual remodelling and upgrading created the impression that there were more than eight units. Although the RX-78 suits are designated RX-78-1~8, the final digit indicated the design version of the unit, in addition, the EFF started a G-4 project which consist of four RX-78s for each of its branches, and EFSF used information of the RX-78-4 to develop the RX-78NT-1. According to the production notes of Mobile Suit Gundam 0080, War in the Pocket
4.
Military science fiction
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It exists in literature, comics, film, and video games. In some stories, however, technology is fairly static, and weapons that would be familiar to present-day soldiers are used, for example, women may be accepted as equal partners for combat roles. In many military sci-fi stories, technological advances are basic to plot development, several subsets of military science fiction overlap with space opera, concentrating on large-scale space battles with futuristic weapons. The term military space opera is occasionally used to denote this subgenre, another example of military space opera would be the Battlestar Galactica franchise. The key distinction of military science fiction space opera is that the principal characters in a space opera are not military personnel. Military science fiction also does not necessarily include an outer space or multi-planetary setting like space opera. Precursors for military science fiction can be found in war stories dating back at least to George Chesneys story The Battle of Dorking. Other works of fiction followed, including H. G. Wellss The Land Ironclads, eventually, as science fiction became an established and separate genre, military science fiction established itself as a subgenre. The Vietnam War resulted in veterans with combat experience deciding to write fiction, including Joe Haldeman. Throughout the 1970s, works such as Haldemans The Forever War, short stories also were popular, collected in books like Combat SF, edited by Gordon R. Dickson. This anthology includes one of the first Hammers Slammers stories as well as one of the BOLO stories by Keith Laumer and this anthology seems to have been the first time SF-stories specifically dealing with war as a subject were collected and marketed as such. The series of anthologies with the group title There Will be War edited by Pournelle and John F. Carr helped keep the category active, a number of authors have presented stories with political messages of varying types as major or minor themes of their works. David Drake has often written of the horrors and futility of war and it is science-fiction which attempts to realistically portray the military within a science-fiction context. It is about human beings, and members of species, caught up in warfare. It isnt an excuse for simplistic solutions to problems, Military science fiction occurs in an array of media, including books, movies, TV and anime, and games. Space warfare in fiction Weapons in science fiction War novel Goodreads Military Science Fiction Book Group MilitarySciFi. com Military science fiction on gizmodo. com
5.
Yoshiyuki Tomino
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Yoshiyuki Tomino is a Japanese mecha anime creator, animator, songwriter, director, screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, and studied at Nihon Universitys College of Art and he is best known for creating the Gundam anime franchise. Tomino, began his career in 1963 with Osamu Tezukas company, Mushi Productions, scripting the storyboards and screenplay of the first Japanese anime television series, Tetsuwan Atomu. He later became one of the most important members of the anime studio Sunrise, Tomino is perhaps best known for his transformation of the Super Robot mecha anime genre into the Real Robot genre with 1979s Mobile Suit Gundam, the first in the Gundam franchise. He has also won awards, including the Best Director award at the recent 2006 Tokyo International Anime Fair. Two anime series directed by Tomino won the Animage Anime Grand Prix award, Tomino has collaborated with artists such as Yoko Kanno, Asei Kobayashi, MIO and Neil Sedaka. His newer work includes Brain Powerd, Turn A Gundam, Overman King Gainer and most recently and this show, loosely based on Osamu Tezukas manga Blue Triton, showed a different perspective than the traditional good vs. evil show. The star, Triton, a 10-year-old boy, is the last survivor of the Tritons, however the viewers learn later on that the story was not so black and white after all. In 1975, Tomino worked on Brave Raideen, his first mecha work, Tomino also later worked on 1977s Voltes V. In 1977, Tomino directed Zambot 3, in its final episode, by doing so, the main protagonist survives and the Earth is saved. In 1979, Tomino directed and wrote Mobile Suit Gundam, which was influential in transforming the Super Robot mecha genre into the Real Robot genre. 1 on TV Asahis Top 100 Anime listing in 2005, in 1980, Tomino directed Space Runaway Ideon, a series which like Mobile Suit Gundam was cancelled on its initial run, but featured movie versions later on. The final Ideon movie, 1982s Be Invoked ends with all of the characters dying, however, the series he immediately directed afterwards, Xabungle, contained a much more lighthearted and upbeat theme, with the vast majority of the characters surviving, in stark contrast to Ideon. Tomino followed Xabungle with 1983s Aura Battler Dunbine which featured an ending where a number of characters were killed. Tominos next show, 1984s Heavy Metal L-Gaim was again a stark contrast to this theme, in 1985, Tomino directed the first sequel to 1979s Mobile Suit Gundam, Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam. This show once again featured Tominos Killem All bent, particularly in the last few episodes, Tominos involvement in the following Gundam series, 1986s Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ created an upbeat, comedic theme whereas the earlier Gundams are of a darker theme. In 1988, Tomino concluded the saga begun in Mobile Suit Gundam with the Gundam motion picture Chars Counterattack and this was another Tomino feature in which most of the heroes were killed. Tomino would direct an additional Gundam motion picture, Mobile Suit Gundam F91 in 1991 and this movie, which took place 30 years after Chars Counterattack, re-launched the Gundam saga in a new direction by featuring a completely new cast
6.
Sunrise (company)
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Sunrise Inc. is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise. It is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings and its former name was Nippon Sunrise, and prior to that, Sunrise Studios. Its headquarters is located in Suginami, Tokyo, japan, Planetes, Keroro Gunso, Gin Tama, Kekkaishi and several others. Many of Sunrises original anime include similar themes, including mecha, because of the fluidity and high degree of details on much of their works, fans refer to their animation works as Sunrise Smooth. Most of their works are mostly original titles created in-house by their creative staffs that went into a pseudonym called Hajime Yatate. According to an interview with members of Sunrise the studio was founded by members of Mushi Production in 1972, under the name Sunrise Studio. Sunrises specialization on robot anime continues to this date and they produced the apocalyptic Space Runaway Ideon in 1980. They even worked alongside Tsuburaya Productions to animate the anime The Ultraman, japan, Kekkaishi, Freedom Project, Daily Lives of High School Boys and Aikatsu. As the company kept growing several sub-divisions were created, some of them housed key members which left Sunrise to found their own animation companies. The original studio created with Sunrises foundation in 1972, notable works include Mobile Suit Gundam, Space Runaway Ideon, Armored Trooper Votoms, Patlabor, and InuYasha. It was also the responsible for various later Gundam installments, Wing, X, Turn A, Unicorn, Reconguista in G. Some of its key members left the company to found studio Bones in 1998, notable works include Aura Battler Dunbine, Planetes, Soul Eater and some installments of Gundam, including Zeta, ZZ, Chars Counterattack, F91, and G. It also worked in The Vision of Escaflowne and Cowboy Bebop, the studio is currently involved in Tribe Cool Crew production. Early works include Blue Comet SPT Layzner and City Hunter, the original Studio 4 was created in 1979. Its notable works include The Ultraman, the studio fell inactive after 1987. The current Studio 4 started as support for Studio 2, and was known as Studio Iogi. Its other notable works include Code Geass, Planetes and Dirty Pair, one of its producers was Mikihiro Iwata, one of the founders of A-1 Pictures. Notable works include Crest of the Stars, the InuYasha movies, Daily Lives of High School Boys, Gin Tama, Mobile Suit SD Gundam, Operation start OsX and the Mobile Suit Gundam 0080, War in the Pocket
7.
Australasia
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Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Charles de Brosses coined the term in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes and he derived it from the Latin for south of Asia and differentiated the area from Polynesia and the southeast Pacific. The bulk of Australasia sits on the Indo-Australian Plate, together with India, physiographically, Australasia includes New Zealand, Australia, and Melanesia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands north and east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. The designation is applied to all the lands and islands of the Pacific Ocean lying between the equator and latitude 47° south. Most of Australasia lies on the portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west. Sometimes the term encompasses the island of New Guinea. Many organisations whose names include the prefix Australasian Society of, limit their scope of operation to just Australia and New Zealand. In the past, Australasia has been used as a name for combined Australia/New Zealand sporting teams, examples include tennis between 1905 and 1915, when New Zealand and Australia combined to compete in the Davis Cup international tournament, and at the Olympic Games of 1908 and 1912. From an ecological perspective the Australasia ecozone forms a region with a common geologic and evolutionary history. In this context, Australasia is limited to Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Wallace Line marks the biological divide from the Indomalaya ecozone of tropical Asia – Borneo and Bali lie on the western, Asian side. These three land masses have been separated from other continents, and from one another, for millions of years, all of Australasia shares the Antarctic flora, although the northern, tropical islands also share many plants with Southeast Asia. Mainland Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania are separated from one another by shallow continental shelves and they share a similar fauna which includes marsupial and monotreme mammals and ratite birds. Eucalypts are the predominant trees in much of Australia and New Guinea, New Zealand has no extant native land mammals aside from bats, but also had ratite birds, including the kiwi and the extinct moa. Media related to Australasia at Wikimedia Commons
8.
Madman Entertainment
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Madman Entertainment is an Australian company that distributes Australian and foreign films as well as Japanese anime and manga in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Madman is one of the entertainment companies in Australia. It employs approx 100 people and has a turnover of around A$50 million. Its headquarters is in Richmond, Victoria, Madman has secured the local release rights to popular titles including Sailor Moon, One Piece, Dragon Ball, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Akira, Steins, Gate and almost all of Studio Ghiblis catalogue. In addition to DVD sales, Madman manages the theatrical release of some of their titles, according to market research, Madman accounts for 97% of the total anime home media market in Australia. Later on in 1997, Madman started to distribute anime from ADV Films along with Siren Entertainment, in 2001 Madman Entertainment bought Sirens distribution equipment and established The AV Channel, allowing Madman to distribute their own titles. As of 2008, only some of Manga Entertainment Australias titles from the 1990s have been distributed by Madman, some of their DVD releases have been jointly mastered with Britains MVM Films or Revelation Films to save costs, and are therefore dual-region. A few DVD titles from Madman, such as the Oh My Goddess, oVAs, are all-region or multi-region DVDs in the NTSC format, imported from the US and repackaged for sale in Australia and New Zealand. Madman & Manga UK also work together on PAL DVD & Region B Blu-ray masters and video transfers, a growing selection of manga titles translated by Tokyopop in the United States and Chuang Yi in Singapore are being imported and distributed through Madman Entertainment. In February 2008, Madman announced that they would also be distributing manga titles from Viz Media, Madman currently distributes manga from Viz Media, Dark Horse Comics, Tokyopop, and recently from Yen Press with the 2012 release of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Madman launched in 1996 solely as a distribution company, but has since expanded. Madman also has a distribution arm called Madman Cinema. In addition, the company distributes original series produced by Australias Special Broadcasting Service on DVD, at the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman announced plans to explore new distribution methods. The company now offers streaming of selected anime episodes, beginning with the first episode of School Rumble. Madman now has a sub-page, Madman Scereening Room, dedicated to video streaming, Madman has also begun releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers, The Movie in June 2009. On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment released an English adaption of Tamagotchi, The Movie, Madman also intended to dub the films sequel, Tamagotchi, Happiest Story in the Universe. But the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons, in April 2008, the company announced a collaboration with British company Warp Films. Warp and Madman plan to make at least two films together over the three years, starting with Tyrannosaur
9.
Northern America
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Northern America is the northernmost subcontinent of North America. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America, consisting of Mexico, the Caribbean, the land border between the two regions coincides with the border between the United States and Mexico. Geopolitically, according to the scheme of geographic regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, maps using the term Northern America date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by France, Great Britain, and Spain. The Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America in 1813 applied to Mexico, Central America Middle America Americas Anglo-America
10.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
11.
Animax
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Animax, stylized as ANIMAX, is a Japanese anime satellite television network, dedicated to broadcasting anime programming. The channel also dubbed cartoons in Japanese language, Animax is the first and largest 24-hour network in the world dedicated to anime and cartoons. Animax has separate 24-hour TV channels for Japan, Animax Asia, and a VOD service in the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Established on May 20,1998 by Sony, Animax Broadcast Japan Inc. originally premiered in Japan on June 1, the same year, across the SKY PerfecTV. Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, and presided by Masao Takiyama, Animaxs shareholders and founders include Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sunrise, Toei Animation, TMS Entertainment and its founders also include noted anime producer and production designer Yoshirō Kataoka. The network began broadcasting in high definition from October 2009, Animax also exhibits affiliations with anime pioneer Osamu Tezukas Tezuka Productions company, Pierrot, Nippon Animation, and numerous others. Noted Japanese celebrities and personalities to have appeared on Animax with their own programs, include actress Natsuki Katō, the networks narrators are the voice actors Yukari Tamura and Kōsuke Okano, and from October 2007, Sayuri Yahagi. Apart from operating its business primarily as a network, Animax has also begun operating a mobile television service. In February 2007, Animax announced that it would be launching a television service of its network on the mobile phone company MOBAHO. From April 2007, having its programming being viewable by the mobile phone subscribers. Since July 2011 a program called STUDIO MUSIX has been transmitted the first Sunday of every month, in each episode theres a segment of Mayn and the guests on an interview and also a live stage featuring them. Cartoon series broadcast include Transformers, Generation 1, Transformers Prime, Transformers, Generation 2, Ying Yang Yo, Jackie Chan Adventures, Metalocallypse, Arms Micron, joe, Renegades, Sonic X and Digimon Adventure appears in MorningMax, released as 2015. Animax launched separate Asian versions of the channel featuring its programming within separate networks and feeds in the respective regions. The first one was launched in Taiwan and the Philippines on January 1,2004, on July 5,2004, Animax started operations across South Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives, featuring its programming within an English-language feed. On April 29,2006, Animax started its operations in South Korea, on August 31,2006, Animax launched its Malaysian feed. Animax used the latest logo launched on May 3,2010, as of 2016 Animax has separate 24-hour TV channels for Animax Asia and South Korea. Animax was launched in Latin America on July 31,2005, replacing Locomotion after Sonys purchase from Hearst Corporation and Corus Entertainment, the channels non-anime programming were removed from the lineup, which was later replaced with an all-anime lineup. Animax Latin America began operating across the region and broadcasting its anime programming
12.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
13.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
14.
Toonami
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Toonami is a brand name geared towards action-oriented programming, primarily consisting of American animation and Japanese anime. Originally an afternoon and evening block on Cartoon Network and ended on September 20,2008, the brand was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street. The name is a portmanteau of the cartoon and tsunami. Toonami initially ran on Cartoon Network from 1997 to 2008, in its original run, the block was famous for showcasing action anime that became widely popular with American audiences. It was also recognized for its distinctive space-themed backdrop, anime music videos, drum and bass-flavored soundtrack, on May 26,2012, Adult Swim relaunched Toonami as an adult-oriented animated block, which continues as a Saturday night action block from its forerunner, Midnight Run. Shows from the lineup have occasionally returned, along with newer shows. Toonami was Cartoon Networks primary action-animation block, the block premiered on March 17,1997. It initially replaced Power Zone, Cartoon Networks most recent incarnation of the Super Adventures block, Toonami was originally a weekday afternoon cartoon and action block hosted by Space Ghost villain-turned-producer Moltar at the Ghost Planet Industries building from 1997 to July 9,1999. It was originally a five-hour Saturday night block at midnight EST until March 2000, when it moved to weeknights in an hour-long format until January 2003. It ran from 1999 to 2003, broadcast from 12,00 am EST to 5,00 am from 1999 to 2000 and it consisted of anime such as Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Voltron, Robotech, Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, and Outlaw Star. Midnight Run tended to have more blood and violence than its daytime counterpart, another event was Dragon Ball Z taking over the Midnight Run for a week starting on March 26–30,2001. Starting in September 2000, Toonami presented special interactive events known as Total Immersion Events, the first TIE was The Intruder, which introduced T. O. M. s companion, an AI matrix known as S. A. R. A. The Intruder was an eight episode mini-series that aired during Toonami from September 18–27,2000 and it involved the Absolution being attacked by an alien blob known only as the Intruder, which ultimately devoured T. O. M. Though The Intruder resulted in the destruction of T. O. M and he was soon after upgraded by S. A. R. A. From a short Bomberman-esque character to a taller, sleeker, deeper-voiced incarnation dubbed T. O. M, a Saturday morning incarnation, Toonami Rising Sun, ran from 2000 to 2003 at 9,00 am to noon. It later ran from 10,00 am to 1,00 pm and this block was somewhat hampered to avoid competing with sister network Kids WB. From July 30,2001, until June 28,2002, Kids WB aired a Toonami block that was, more or less, the Kids WB lineup with the Toonami name. In spring 2002, Kids WB announced that they would drop the Toonami name from their weekday lineup, fights to save the Absolution from an attack by a giant trash compactor
15.
Yoshikazu Yasuhiko
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Yoshikazu Yasuhiko is a Japanese animator and manga artist in the anime industry. Born in Engaru, Hokkaidō, Yasuhiko dropped out of Hirosaki University and was hired by Osamu Tezukas Mushi Productions in 1970 as an animator and he later went freelance and worked on various animation productions for film and television. He began working as a manga artist in 1979, in 1981 he won the Seiun Award in Art category. In 1992 he won the Japan Cartoonists Association Award, and in 2000 and he is also known as a novelist and science fiction illustrator. Some of his most notable works as designer and director are Brave Reideen, Combattler V. Hes also worked on the designs for the video game
16.
Joe Hisaishi
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Mamoru Fujisawa, known professionally as Joe Hisaishi, is a Japanese composer and musical director known for over 100 film scores and solo albums dating back to 1981. Lesser known are the musical roles he plays, he is also a typesetter, author, arranger. He has been associated with animator Hayao Miyazaki since 1984, having composed scores for all his films save The Castle of Cagliostro and he was a student of legendary anime composer Takeo Watanabe. Hisaishi was born in Nakano, Nagano, Japan as Mamoru Fujisawa, when he started to take violin lessons at the age of five, Hisaishi discovered his passion for music. Realizing his love, he attended the Kunitachi College of Music in 1969 to major in music composition, Hisaishi collaborated with minimalist artists as a typesetter, furthering his experience in the musical world. He enjoyed his first success of the business in 1974 when he composed music for the series called Gyatoruzu. This and other works were created under his given name. During this period, he composed for Sasuga no Sarutobi and Futari Daka, in the 1970s, Japanese popular music, electronic music, and new-age music flourished, those genres, as well as the Yellow Magic Orchestra, influenced Hisaishis compositions. He developed his music from minimalist ideas and expanded toward orchestral work, around 1975, Hisaishi presented his first public performance, spreading his name around his community. His first album, MKWAJU, was released in 1981, with Information being released a year later and his first major anime scores were Hajime Ningen Gyatoruz and Robokko Beeton. As his works were becoming known, Hisaishi formulated an alias inspired by Quincy Jones. Retranscribed in Japanese, Quincy Jones became Joe Hisaishi, in 1981 Hisaishi, with his new name, released his first album of art music, MKWAJU, and in 1982 the electropop-minimalist album Information. Then, in 1983, Hisaishi was recommended by Tokuma, who had published Information, Hisaishi and the director of the animated film, Hayao Miyazaki, became great friends and would work together on many future projects. Their collaborations has invited comparisons to the collaborations of Steven Spielberg and this big break led to Hisaishis overwhelming success as a composer of film scores. In 1986, Laputa, Castle in the Sky, and later, in the 1990s, Porco Rosso and he also scored the sci-fi adventure series Mospeada, which was later reworked into the third segment of Carl Maceks compilation, Robotech. He also did theme song arrangements and composed other anime opening, closing, sandybell, Meiken Jolie, Voltron, Ai Shite Knight, Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel, Curtain Call, and Kimagure Orange Road, The Movie. As more exposure was given to Hisaishi and the anime industry and he initiated a solo career, began to produce music, and created his own label in 1988. A year later, Hisaishi released his solo album Pretender as the first album under the new label, in 1998, Hisaishi provided the soundtrack to the 1998 Winter Paralympics
17.
Japanese language
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Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 125 million speakers, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic language family, whose relation to language groups, particularly to Korean. Little is known of the prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, during the Heian period, Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese saw changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region in the Early Modern Japanese period. Following the end in 1853 of Japans self-imposed isolation, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, English loanwords in particular have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions. Nouns have no number or gender, and there are no articles. Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person, Japanese equivalents of adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener. Japanese has no relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji, in its writing system. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system uses two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. Latin script is used in a fashion, such as for imported acronyms. Very little is known about the Japanese of this period, Old Japanese is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language. Through the spread of Buddhism, the Chinese writing system was imported to Japan, the earliest texts found in Japan are written in Classical Chinese, but they may have been meant to be read as Japanese by the kanbun method. Some of these Chinese texts show the influences of Japanese grammar, in these hybrid texts, Chinese characters are also occasionally used phonetically to represent Japanese particles. The earliest text, the Kojiki, dates to the early 8th century, the end of Old Japanese coincides with the end of the Nara period in 794
18.
Hepburn romanization
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The system was originally proposed by the Romanization Club in 1885. The revised edition by Romaji-Hirome-kai in 1908 is called standard style romanization, Hepburn is based on English phonology and has competed with the alternative Nihon-shiki romanization, which was developed in Japan as a replacement of Japanese script. In 1930, a Special Romanization Study Commission was appointed to compare the two, the ordinance was temporarily overturned by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers during the Occupation of Japan, but was reissued in 1954. In 1972, a version of Hepburn was codified as ANSI standard Z39. 11-1972. It was proposed in 1989 as a draft for ISO3602, the ANSI Z39. 11-1972 standard was consequently deprecated on October 6,1994. As of 1978, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, in addition The Japan Times, the Japan Travel Bureau, and many other private organizations used Hepburn instead of Kunrei-shiki. The National Diet Library used Kunrei-shiki, although Hepburn is not a government standard, some government agencies mandate it. In many other areas where it de jure status, Hepburn remains the de facto standard. Signs and notices in city offices and police stations, at shrines, temples, English-language newspapers and media use the simplified form of Hepburn. Cities and prefectures use it in information for English-speaking residents and visitors, official tourism information put out by the government uses it, as do guidebooks, local and foreign, on Japan. Many students of Japanese as a foreign language learn Hepburn, there are many variants of Hepburn romanization. The two most common styles are, Traditional Hepburn, as defined in various editions of Hepburns dictionary and this variant is characterized by the rendering of syllabic n as m before the consonants b, m and p, e. g. Shimbashi for 新橋. Modified Hepburn, also known as Revised Hepburn, in which the rendering of syllabic n as m before certain consonants is no longer used, in Japan itself, there are some variants officially mandated for various uses, Railway Standard, which follows the Hyōjun-shiki Rōmaji. All JR railways and other major railways use this type for station names, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Standard, which follows the modified Hepburn style. This is used for road signs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Passport Standard, a permissive standard which explicitly allows the use of non-Hepburn romaji in personal names, notably for passports. In particular, rendering the syllabic n as m before b, m, p, details of these variants can be found below. The romanizations set out in the first and second versions of Hepburns dictionary are primarily of historical interest, supporters argue that Hepburn is not intended as a linguistic tool. The long vowels are indicated by macrons
19.
Anime
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Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun
20.
All-Nippon News Network
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All-Nippon News Network, or ANN, is a commercial television news network in Japan run by TV Asahi Corporation. ANN is the broadcast supplier of news programmes and news exchange to all ANN-affiliated stations and it also operates the 24-hour satellite and cable news channel Asahi Newstar. ◆ = former primary affiliate 1, KBC Television13, UMK35,20 ANN stations 6, HTB, NBN, ABC Television17, FBC Television1,31 Operating on TV and radio
21.
Mecha
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The term mecha may refer to both scientific ideas and science fiction genres that centers on robots or machines controlled by people. Mechas are typically depicted as walker types of Mobile robots and these machines vary greatly in size and shape, but are distinguished from vehicles by their humanoid or biomorphic appearance. Different subgenres exist, with varying connotations of realism, the concept of Super Robot and Real Robot are two such examples found in Japanese anime. The term may refer to real world piloted humanoid robots / non-humanoid robotic platforms. Alternatively, in the original Japanese context of the word, mecha may refer to mobile machinery/vehicles in general, the word mecha is an abbreviation first used in Japanese of the word mechanical. Outside of this usage, it has associated with large robots with limbs or other biological characteristics. While the distinction is often hazy, mecha typically does not refer to form-fitting powered armor such as Iron Mans suit and they are usually much larger than the wearer, like Iron Mans enemy the Iron Monger, and possess a cockpit from which they are operated. In most fiction in which appear, mecha are fighting machines. Often, they are the means of combat, with conflicts sometimes being decided through gladiatorial matches. Other works represent mecha as one component of a military force, supported by and fighting alongside tanks, fighter aircraft. In some continuities, special scenarios are constructed to make mecha more viable than current-day status, for example, in Gundam the fictional Minovsky particle inhibits the use of radar, making long-range ballistic strikes impractical, thus favouring relatively close range warfare of Mobile Suits. Mecha also see roles as transporters, recreation, advanced hazmat suits, Mecha have been used in fantasy settings, for example in the anime series Aura Battler Dunbine, The Vision of Escaflowne, Panzer World Galient and Maze. In those cases, the designs are usually based on some alternative or lost science-fiction technology from ancient times. In case of anime series Zoids, the machines resemble dinosaurs and animals, the 1880 Jules Verne novel La Maison à vapeur featured a steam-powered, piloted, mechanical elephant. One of the first appearances of such machines in modern literature was the tripods of H. G. Wells famous The War of the Worlds. The novel does not contain a detailed description of the tripods mode of locomotion, however it is hinted at. That was the impression those instant flashes gave, but instead of a milking stool imagine it a great body of machinery on a tripod stand. Two of the earliest uses of mecha in the United States were Kimball Kinnisons battle suit in E. E, doc Smiths Lensman novel Galactic Patrol, and the Mobile Infantry battle suits in Robert Heinleins Starship Troopers
22.
Kunio Okawara
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Kunio Okawara is a mechanical designer in the Japanese anime industry. A mechanical designer is similar to a designer, but the design is for robots, ships. Okawara was the first in the industry to be credited as a mechanical designer. He designed mecha for the Gundam and Brave Series franchises, as well as those of numerous Super Robot and he was born and currently lives in Inagi, Tokyo, where he works out of a studio in his home. Okawara attended Tokyo Zokei University as a student in its design department. This would prompt Nakamura to found the internal Tatsunoko Mechaman Design Office with Okawara, ultimately, he would go on to design of the title mecha of the show Gowappā5 Godam, hitting his stride at the company. Following the first two Time Bokan series in 1978, Okawara would leave Tatsunoko Production as an employee, striking out on his own as an independent contractor for mechanical design. In addition to handling occasional design contracts from his old employer and his first assignment from the studio would be principal mechanical design on the Super Robot show Invincible Steel Man Daitarn 3, directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino. Tomino would soon ask Okawara to continue to work with him on a new robot-oriented television project that he had tentatively named Gunboy. Following Mobile Suit Gundam, Okawara would continue to design mecha for later entries in the emerging Gundam franchise as well as many later Real Robot shows emerging from Sunrise. Notable in the 1980s alone were his works on Combat Mecha Xabungle, Fang of the Sun Dougram, Armored Trooper VOTOMS, Galactic Drifter Vifam, Okawara himself would take note, their designs in turn inspiring him to expand the scope of his own. Today, Okawara continues to design various title mecha in the Gundam franchise, interview with Kunio Okawara in Nikkei Monozukuri, October 2010 Mag2 profile of Kunio Okawara at the Wayback Machine Clements, Jonathan, Helen McCarthy. The Anime Encyclopedia, A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917, official website Kunio Okawara at Anime News Networks encyclopedia Kunio Okawara at the Internet Movie Database
23.
Manga
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Manga are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art, the term manga in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. Manga as a term used outside Japan refers to comics published in Japan. In Japan, people of all ages read manga, many manga are translated into other languages. Since the 1950s, manga has become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience, in Europe and the Middle East the market was worth $250 million in 2012. In 2008, in the U. S. and Canada, the market was valued at $175 million, the markets in France. Manga stories are printed in black-and-white, although some full-color manga exist. In Japan, manga are usually serialized in manga magazines, often containing many stories. If the series is successful, collected chapters may be republished in tankōbon volumes, frequently but not exclusively, a manga artist typically works with a few assistants in a small studio and is associated with a creative editor from a commercial publishing company. If a manga series is popular enough, it may be animated after or even during its run, sometimes manga are drawn centering on previously existing live-action or animated films. Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in parts of the world, particularly in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan. The word manga comes from the Japanese word 漫画, composed of the two kanji 漫 meaning whimsical or impromptu and 画 meaning pictures, rakuten Kitazawa first used the word manga in the modern sense. In Japanese, manga refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, among English speakers, manga has the stricter meaning of Japanese comics, in parallel to the usage of anime in and outside Japan. The term ani-manga is used to describe comics produced from animation cels, writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. One view emphasizes events occurring during and after the U. S, occupation of Japan, and stresses U. S. cultural influences, including U. S. comics and images and themes from U. S. television, film, and cartoons. Regardless of its source, an explosion of artistic creativity certainly occurred in the period, involving manga artists such as Osamu Tezuka. Astro Boy quickly became popular in Japan and elsewhere
24.
Bandai
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Bandai Co. Ltd. is a Japanese toy maker and former video game company, as well as the producer of a large number of plastic model kits. It was the worlds fourth-largest producer of toys, some ex-Bandai group companies produce anime and tokusatsu programs. Its headquarters is located in Taitō, Tokyo, after its merger with game developer and amusement facility operator Namco, Bandai Company is now under the management of Bandai Namco Holdings and a member of Bandai Namco Group. After group reorganisation in 2006, Bandai heads the groups Toys, in the 1960s Bandai expanded to include export sales. Bandais racing car set, which first appeared in 1962, became a huge success, the 1970s continued to see Bandai expand, with Bandai Models being established in 1971. Although not their most profitable range, Bandais 1/48 scale AFV models dominated that segment of the kit market. Bandai America Inc. was established as local US sales/marketing operation in 1978, spacewarp, a line of build-it-yourself toy rolling ball roller coasters was introduced by Bandai in the 1980s. Before the formation of Bandai Namco Holdings, Bandai had many subsidiaries, after group reorganization in 2006, they are managed under several strategic business units of the group. Further detail, In 1971, Bandai founded its subsidiary company Popy which helped to launch such as Chogokin. It was merged into its parent company in 1983, Bandai USA is the American distribution arm of Bandai that makes toy products for the U. S. market and manufactures Power Rangers, Big Hero 6, Digimon, and Ben 10 toys. Other past products include Alienators, Evolution Continues Astro Boy Beetleborgs Ben 10 Big Hero 6 Cardcaptor Sakura Cyclonians Dick Tracy D. I. C. E, jelly Jamm Bandai Visual Co. Ltd. produces and distributes many popular anime and tokusatsu titles. These titles include Cowboy Bebop, Big O, Outlaw Star, escaflowne, and the popular Gundam, Kamen Rider, Ultraman, and Super Sentai series. Their subsidiaries include the Emotion Music Company Limited, in which the logo is the Moai and they now head the Visual and Music Contents SBU. Their North American division, Bandai Visual USA was absorbed into Bandai Entertainment on July 1,2008 and their headquarters in the United States were located in Cypress, California. They had a European subsidiary named Beez Entertainment who handled European licensing & distribution rights to their library, the first part of Beez Entertainments name stood for Bandai Entertainment European Zone, as Bandai Entertainment had operations in Europe. Beez Entertainment was based in France, in addition, Bandai Visual also took over Beez Entertainment as their entry into the European market, and Beez Entertainment also continued to be part of Bandai as well. However, Bandai Entertainment is no longer acquiring licenses to new anime, also, Beez Entertainment is no longer releasing new anime in Europe. Carddass is the Bandai subsidiary responsible for releasing trading card based on popular Bandai franchises
25.
Gundam model
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Gundam models are model kits depicting the vehicles and characters of the fictional Gundam universe by Bandai. These kits have become popular among anime fans and model enthusiasts in Japan. Gundam modeling spread in the 1990s with North America and Europe being exposed to Gundam through television, video and manga. Gundam models, as well as the hobby of assembling and painting them, is known in Japan as Gunpla, late 1970s–1980s Mobile Suit Gundam debuted in 1979 and the first Gunpla kits came in 1980, following the shows cancellation. Nearly every mecha in the series was made into a kit, from mobile suits to support aircraft. Parts came in up to three different colored sprues and these kits lacked articulation and detail, and required glue and paint to build and finish. Following the completion of the TV series line, Bandai introduced the MSV line, One of the highlights of the line was the PF-78-1 Perfect Gundam, which introduced System Injection, which minimized the need to paint the model. The 1987 Gundam Sentinel model line introduced the concept of snap-fit models, and starting from the 1988 Mobile Suit Gundam, Chars Counterattack line, all Gunpla kits feature snap-fit assembly. In 1990, Bandai introduced the High Grade line, which featured newer 1,144 scale versions of the RX-78-2 Gundam, II, the MSZ-006 Zeta Gundam and the MSZ-010 ZZ Gundam. Each kit boasted exceptional detail and articulation, as well as features normally found in their larger-scale versions such as the Gundams Core Block System and this standardization allowed Bandai to release more models over a shorter period. As a result, the Gundam shows of the 1990s usually received sizable 1,144 model lines, in 1995, the 1,100 Master Grade line was introduced. This line features more parts, better detail and improved articulation than past kits of the same scale, following the release of the Perfect Grade Evangelion, Bandai introduced the 1,60 Perfect Grade line to the Gundam series in 1998. This line features extensive detail and articulation, as well as working skeletal systems, the PG line is the most expensive among all Gunpla kits, and only a select few mobile suits have been released in this line. To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the franchise in 1999, Bandai released 1,144 First Grade kits of mobile suits from the original series. Marketed as budget models, these kits featured the simplicity of the original kits. 2000s Mobile Suit Gundam SEED introduced a new type of non-graded 1,144 model, while these still feature snap-fit and color molding, they omit major joints, opting instead to only allow critical pieces to move—typically the neck, hips, shoulders, and feet. These are budget models, usually retailing much lower than models. Gundam SEED also featured non graded 1,100 models, identical in quality to Bandais High Grade offerings and it was also during this decade that the term Gunpla was coined by Bandai
26.
Fictional universe
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A fictional universe is a self-consistent imaginary setting with events, and often other elements, that differ from the real world. It may also be called an imagined, constructed or fictional realm, fictional universes may appear in novels, comics, films, television shows, video games and other creative works. What distinguishes a fictional universe from a setting is the level of detail. A fictional universe has a continuity and internal logic that must be adhered to throughout the work. So, for instance, many books may be set in conflicting fictional versions of Victorian London, however, the various film series based on Sherlock Holmes follow their own separate continuities, and so do not take place in the same fictional universe. The history and geography of a universe are well-defined, and maps. When subsequent works are written within the universe, care is usually taken to ensure that established facts of the canon are not violated. Even if the fictional universe involves concepts such as magic that dont exist in the real world, a famous example of a detailed fictional universe is Arda, of J. R. R. Tolkiens books The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. He created first its languages and then the world itself, which he states was primarily linguistic in inspiration and was begun in order to provide the history for the Elvish tongues. Another, more recent, famous fictional universe is that of the Avatar film series, as James Cameron has invented an entire ecosystem, also, he commissioned a linguistics expert to invent the Navi language. Virtually every successful fictional TV series or comic book develops its own universe to keep track of the episodes or issues. Writers for that series must follow the story bible, which becomes the series canon. This creates a universe that future authors can write about. These stories about the universe or universes that existed before the retcon are usually not canonical, Crisis on Infinite Earths was an especially sweeping example. Some writers choose to introduce elements or characters from one work into another, for example, the character of Ursula Buffay from American sitcom Mad About You was also a recurring guest star in Friends, despite the two series having little else in common. Fellow NBC series Seinfeld also contained references to Mad About You. L. Frank Baum introduced the characters of Capn Bill and Trot, the two characters made a number of subsequent appearances in later Oz books. Sir Thomas Mores Utopia is one of the earliest examples of a fictional world with its own rules and functional concepts
27.
Mobile Suit Gundam
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Mobile Suit Gundam is a televised anime series, produced and animated by Sunrise. It was the very first Gundam series, which has subsequently been adapted into numerous sequels, in 1981, the series was re-edited for theatrical release and split into three movies. The characters were designed by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, and Kunio Okawara was responsible for the designs, including the eponymous giant robot. The first movie was released on February 22,1981, Tomino himself also wrote a trilogy of novels that retell the events of the series. Two manga adaptations of the series have also written by two manga artists. Set in a universe in the year 2124, the Principality of Zeon has declared independence from the Earth Federation. The conflict has affected every continent on Earth, also nearly every space colony. Zeon, though smaller, has the upper hand through their use of a new type of humanoid weapons called mobile suits. After half of all humanity perishes in the conflict, the war settled into a bitter stalemate lasting over 8 months. The story begins with a newly deployed Federation warship, the White Base, however, they are closely followed by Zeon forces. A Zeon reconnaissance team member disobeys mission orders and attacks the colony, killing most of the Federation crew, out of desperation, citizen boy Amuro Ray accidentally finds the Federations new arsenal—the RX-78 Gundam, and neutralizes the situation. Scrambling everything they can, the White Base sets out with her newly formed crew of civilian recruits, on their journey, the White Base members often encounter the Zeon Lieutenant Commander Char Aznable. Although Char antagonizes Amuro in battle, he takes advantage of their position as Federation members to have them kill members from Zeons Zabi family as part of his revenge scheme, Amuro also meets ensign Lalah Sune with whom he falls in love, but accidentally kills when facing Char. When the Federation Forces invade the Fortress of A Baoa Qu to defeat the Zeon forces, having realized he forgot his true enemy, Char stops fighting to kill the last surviving Zabi member, Kycilia Zabi. Amuro then reunites with his comrades as the war reaches its end, the Mobile Suits of the show were inspired by the powered armor from the American novel Starship Troopers from 1959. Mobile suits were conceptualized as human-like robots which would not appeal only to children, in previous series Tomino worked in, villains were alien agents. Mobile Suit Gundam was the first of his work which featured humans as antagonists, the director commented he wanted to tell a story about war. He aimed to expose thoroughly starting with Japanese aggression in Manchuria in 1939, Tomino did not allow for changes to history and wanted to use the story to make viewers confront the tragic realities of war
28.
Char Aznable
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Char Aznable, born Casval Rem Deikun and also gone by the name Édouard Mass, is a fictional character from the Gundam franchise. In his final appearance in Chars Counterattack, he assumes leadership of the Neo Zeon movement, Char became one of Gundams most iconic characters, often overshadowing Amuros popularity. He also appeared as the most popular anime character in Animages Anime Grand Prix poll as well as in several other polls highlighting his popularity in the Gundam franchise. His role in the original has often been praised alongside his rivalry with Amuro. Born Casval Rem Deikun, he is the brother of Sayla Mass, and the son of late Zeon Zum Deikun. During the One Year War, Char shows great ability not only as a mobile suit pilot, but also as a tactician, Char displays his first act of betrayal against the Zabi family by luring Garmas fleet into a flight path toward the Federations White Bases line of sight. Prior to Garmas death at the hands of the White Base, Char says to him, Garma, blame this on the misfortune of your birth. Later in the war, Char begins a rivalry with Federation pilot Amuro Ray, and he develops a relationship with Lalah Sune. Char also develops into a Newtype himself, and forms bonds with both Amuro and Lalah. Chars abilities and natural charisma allow him to inspire and manipulate, Lalah is killed in battle, taking a blow meant for Char, this results in a bitter hatred between Char and Amuro. During the war, Char draws on Zeons philosophy to form his identity, the Zeon Principality is largely an authoritarian state that values independence from the Earth and later the destruction of Earths inhabitants. With his devotion to all of those who are trapped by gravitys pull he is able to face the most deadly outcomes with dignity. In the Battle of A Baoa Qu, Char and Amuros bitter rivalry reaches the level that they engage in a gunfight, in the duel, Char realizes he has been distracted by his rivalry with Amuro, and refocuses on his true enemy - the Zabi family. An ensuing explosion knocks them apart, and Char rushes to save his sister, after being told by a dying Zeon soldier that Kycilia Zabi, the last surviving Zabi, is about to leave, he finds Kycilias departing ship and kills her. He then disappears amidst the explosion and is presumed dead. Still presumed dead, Char reappears 8 years later in Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam, having left Axis Zeon, Char returns to the Earth Sphere in September 0084 and infiltrates the Earth Federation Forces ranking with the alias Quattro Bajeerna. After meeting the Federation politician Commodore Blex Forer, Char joins a group of former Earth Federation Forces soldiers and eventually becomes a leading member of the Anti-Earth Union Group. This time, rather serving as the rival of the new protagonist, Kamille Bidan
29.
Powered exoskeleton
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The earliest exoskeleton-like device was a set of walking, jumping and running assisted apparatus developed in 1890 by a Russian named Nicholas Yagin. As a unit, the apparatus used compressed gas bags to store energy that would assist with movements, although it was passive in operation and required human power. In 1917, United States inventor Leslie C. Kelley developed what he called a pedomotor, with the pedomotor, energy could be generated apart from the user. The first true exoskeleton in the sense of being a mobile machine integrated with human movements was co-developed by General Electric, the suit was named Hardiman, and made lifting 110 kilograms feel like lifting 4.5 kilograms. Powered by hydraulics and electricity, the suit allowed the wearer to amplify their strength by a factor of 25, a feature dubbed force feedback enabled the wearer to feel the forces and objects being manipulated. While the general idea sounded somewhat promising, the actual Hardiman had major limitations and it was impractical, due to its 680-kilogram weight. Another issue was that it is a system, where the operator is in a master suit. This multiple physical layer type of operation may work fine, when the goal is physical enhancement, response time matters. Its slow walking speed of 0.76 metres per second further limited practical uses, any attempt to use the full exoskeleton resulted in a violent uncontrolled motion, and as a result it was never tested with a human inside. Further research concentrated on one arm, although it could lift its specified load of 340 kg, it weighed three quarters of a ton, just over twice the liftable load. Without getting all the components to work together, the uses for the Hardiman project were limited. Legged locomotion systems were developed first, also, the first theory of these systems was developed in the same institute, in the frame of active exoskeletons. Hence, it can be said that active exoskeletons were the predecessors of the modern high-performance humanoid robots, the present-day active exoskeletons are developed as the systems for enhancing capabilities of the natural human skeletal system. One specimen was delivered to the Central Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedy, from 1991 the exoskeleton belongs to the basic fund of Polytechnic Museum and State Museum Fund of Russian Federation. It is displayed in the frame of the Museums exposition dedicated to the development of automation, los Alamos Laboratories worked on an exoskeleton project in the 1960s called Project Pitman. In 1986, a prototype called the LIFESUIT was created by Monty Reed. In 2001 LIFESUIT One was built, in 2003 LS6 was able to record and play back a human gait. In 2005 LS12 was worn in a race known as the Saint Patricks Day Dash in Seattle
30.
Starship Troopers
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Starship Troopers is a military science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published hardcover in December 1959. The story was first published as a serial in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction as Starship Soldier. The first-person narrative is about a soldier named Juan Johnny Rico and his exploits in the Mobile Infantry. Rico and the characters discuss moral and philosophical aspects of suffrage, civic virtue, juvenile delinquency, corporal punishment, capital punishment. Starship Troopers won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1960, some time during 1958 and 1959, Heinlein ceased work on the novel that would become Stranger in a Strange Land and wrote Starship Troopers. It was first published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in October and November 1959 as a two part serial called Starship Soldier, the novel was eventually published as teenage fiction by G. P. Putnams Sons. In response, Robert and Virginia Heinlein created the small Patrick Henry League in an attempt to support for the U. S. nuclear testing program. Heinlein found himself under attack both from within and outside the science community for his views. Heinlein used the novel to clarify and defend his military and political views at the time, Starship Troopers takes place in the midst of an interstellar war between the Terran Federation of Earth and the Arachnids of Klendathu. It is narrated as a series of flashbacks by space marine Johnny Rico and this is one of just a few Heinlein novels set out in this fashion. The novel opens with Rico aboard the space corvette Rodger Young, serving with the known as Rasczaks Roughnecks. Rico himself is a cap trooper in the Terran Federations Mobile Infantry, the raid itself is relatively brief, the Roughnecks land on the planet, destroy their targets, and retreat, suffering two casualties in the process. Later it becomes apparent that his attitude and display of truncated limbs are intended to scare off unmotivated applicants, interspersed throughout the book are other flashbacks to Ricos History and Moral Philosophy course, which reveal that the rights of a full Citizen must be earned through voluntary Federal service. Those who do not perform this Service retain the rights of speech, assembly, etc. This structure arose ad hoc after the collapse of the 20th century Western democracies, brought on by social failures at home, in the next section of the novel, Rico begins training at Camp Arthur Currie on the Canadian prairie. Five chapters are spent exploring Ricos experience there, under the tutelage of career Ships Sergeant Charles Zim, fewer than ten percent of the recruits finish basic training, the rest resign, are expelled, or die in training. One of the chapters displays Ted Hendrick, a recruit and constant complainer. Zim does not offer this information to his superior, but Hendrick does, another recruit, a deserter who murdered a baby girl while AWOL, is hanged by his battalion after his arrest by civilian police
31.
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam
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Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam is a 1985 Japanese television anime series, the second installment in the Gundam franchise, and a sequel to the original Mobile Suit Gundam. The series was aired on Nagoya Broadcasting Network and its sister ANN stations between 1985 and 1986. Between 2005 and 2006, the series was reproduced and compiled into a trilogy, Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam. Though still directed by Tomino, it involved many changes in the original storyline, the story of Zeta Gundam is told through the viewpoint of Kamille Bidan, a civilian teenager and amateur mobile suit pilot whose parents are engineers working for the Earth Federation and the Titans. While traveling to the Green Noa colony to meet his parents, Kamille is insulted by, the Titans, under the order of Bask Om, take Kamilles parents in an attempt to force the return of the stolen Gundam Mk-IIs. Jerid, unaware of the plot, mistakenly kills Kamilles mother. Because of this, and many reasons, Kamille eventually joins the AEUG. The AEUG eventually launch an attack on the Earth Federations assembly at Dakar. Quattro reveals himself to be Char Aznable and presents evidence of the Titans tyranny including using G3 nerve gas on a defenseless colony, the Earth Federation court soon rules the Titans actions to be illegal and backs the AEUG in hunting down Titans leader Jamitov Hymem. Axis Zeons leader Haman Karn contacts the AEUG, using the war of the Earth Federation at hand to politically ask for the control of Side 3. The war ends when Kamille, piloting the titular mobile suit Z Gundam, kills Scirocco in battle, however, Kamille himself is psychologically broken and although survives without any physical harm to him or the Zeta Gundam, becomes mentally unstable with signs of memory lapse and/or insanity. The series concludes with both the AEUG and Earth Federation, after suffering considerable losses over the course of the war, facing the force of Axis Zeon. A manga adaptation of the series was released by Kodansha under the Comic Bon Bon label in 1994, an official manga remake was also made entitled Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam Define. This remake was written and illustrated by Hiroyuki Kitazume and serialized in Gundam Ace in June 25,2011, in celebration of Gundams 25th anniversary, the 50-episode series was compiled into a movie trilogy called Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam, A New Translation. The first movie, Heirs to the Stars, opened on May 28,2005, followed by Lovers on October 29,2005, the compilations digitally remastered the television series of Zeta Gundam with new footage. Around 33% of Heir to the Stars was remastered footage, with 70% for Lovers, however, several major plot events from the TV series were either edited or removed to allow the films to flow more smoothly, unlike Tominos previous Gundam film compilations. In addition, mobile suits belonging to the Gundam timeline, Shigeaki Saegusas musical score from the TV series was reused for the films, with the addition of new songs by J-pop artist Gackt. A music video for the first films opening theme Metamorphoze featured Gackt singing inside a mobile suit cockpit during battle, majority of the original TV voice cast returned to reprise their respective roles
32.
Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack
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Mobile Suit Gundam, Chars Counterattack is a 1988 anime film set in Gundams Universal Century timeline of Gundam, specifically U. C. Based on a novel by Gundam creator Yoshiyuki Tomino, the movie marked the end of tensions between the Earth Federation and the Principality of Zeon. Chars Counterattack was released in America on DVD on August 20,2002 and was shown on January 4,2003 on Cartoon Networks Adult Swim. Still determined to make humankind fully colonize in space, he mobilizes the Neo-Zeon to drop the asteroid 5th Luna on the Federation headquarters in Lhasa, under the guise of surrendering all Neo-Zeon military forces, he plans to drop the Axis asteroid base on Earth as well. However, the Federation has assigned its own anti-insurgent task force, among the Londo Bells members are One Year War veterans Bright Noa and Amuro Ray, whom Char wants to kill in revenge for the death of Lalah Sune. A major battle around Axis breaks out as the Londo Bell struggle to stop Char before the asteroid enters Earths atmosphere, both Federation and Neo-Zeon forces look on as Axis veers off from reentry. Both Amuro and Char are presumed dead by their respective factions, Yoshiyuki Tomino adapted Chars Counterattack from the novel Hi-Streamer, and later wrote Beltorchikas Children as an alternate version. Tomino had planned previously to feature Chars return in Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ, however when he got the green light to do Chars Counterattack, Tomino does not recall his plans to bring back Char in Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ. Bandai released a limited-edition DVD of the movie in 2001, the product was a maroon slipcase edition embossed with the gold Neo Zeon logo. The DVD was later reissued as part of the Anime Legends line in 2006, due to the closure of Bandai Entertainment, the movie has been out of print for sometime. Bandai produced a Chars Counterattack 3D fighting game for the PlayStation in 1998 as part of the Big Bang Project for Gundams 20th anniversary, the game featured scenes from the film that were remade with updated animation and CGI. The game also has stages featuring Amuro and Chars classic encounters in the original Mobile Suit Gundam series, a line of Gunpla models based on the movies mobile suits was released, along with a Hobby Japan special. The model line had 1/144 kits of the Jegan, the Geara Doga, the Sazabi, Gyunei Guss and Quess Parayas Jagd Dogas, and the ν-Gundam, a 1/550 α-Azieru, many of them are also available as part of the B-Club resin line. Another company, Regulation Center, later followed suit with a 1/100 Nightingale kit, veteran mechanical designer Hajime Katoki redesigned the MG version of the Sazabi, resulting in a slightly blockier appearance more suitable for modeling. Due to the size and heft, it is one of the most expensive 1/100th-scale Master Grade kits yet manufactured, trumped only by the enormous Perfect Zeong kit. The ν-Gundam and Sazabi were the first offerings in Bandais Formania line of extensively detailed machine busts in September 2010. Some of the units were also released as action figures, with the RX-93 and the Sazabi produced in various forms. A version of the ν-Gundam produced for the Taiwanese market has a special effect where parts of the body are molded in crystal green
33.
Invincible Steel Man Daitarn 3
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The Unchallengeable Daitarn 3 is an anime series created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Hajime Yatate, and produced by Sunrise. It was first broadcast on Japanese TV in 1978, the series lasted for 40 episodes. Daitarn 3 is sung by Makoto Fujiwara, despite being relatively unsuccessful in Japan, the series became very popular abroad, especially in Italy during the early 80s. Sōzō Haran was a brilliant scientist that was conducting research on Mars and he created a form of cyborg life with the ability to think for itself. These cyborgs, dubbed the Meganoids, soon ran out of control and killed Dr. Haran along with his family, save his youngest son. Banjō escapes from Mars on a rocket with a super robot called Daitarn 3. Together they must stop the evil meganoids which aspire to turn all humans into cyborgs, some of the staff fresh from Zambot 3 worked with Tomino on the Daitarn 3 project. The presence of faithful and reliable butler Garrison also brings a touch of Batman feel in the series, Banjō Haran Garrison Tokida Beautiful Beauty Tachibana Reika Sanjō Toppo Don Zauser, also spelled Don Zauther, Don Zauker, and Don Zaucer. Koros Haran Sōzō Daitarn 3, The robot Banjō uses against the Meganoids and was built to test the Megaborgs. Power Source, Solar Energy-powered Pulse Ion Engine, Sun Attack Scattershot A modified version of the Sun Attack, which attacks at a weaker but wider arc capable of destroying large numbers of lesser enemies. Daitank, As the name suggests, the form of Daitarn. Mach Patrol, Banjōs police cruiser-like car which can transform into a plane, when in plane form, it is referred to as the Mach Attacker. Appears in Super Robot Wars Alpha 2, Powers include a Chinese sword, a green laser from the right eye, levitation, shoulder missiles, shoulder sonic bombs, right wrist crescent blades, and a mouth flamethrower. Appears in Super Robot Wars Impact, Powers include punches called the Mega Smack, levitation, a separable double sided ax that can act as a boomerang when in half, and a missile launcher on each side of the head. Appears in various Super Robot Wars titles, des Sander, Appears in episode 4. Powers include a solar powered beam from the called the Death Beam. Powers include dual shoulder cannons, launching his head and arm guns, levitation, machine guns all over his body, brick-like grenades, Aneval, Aneval Form 1, Appears in episode 6. It is not really a megaborg as much as it is a mechanical synthetic lion used by Animad, Aneval Form 2, Appears in episode 6
34.
Space Battleship Yamato
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Space Battleship Yamato is a Japanese science fiction anime series featuring an eponymous spacecraft. It is also known to English-speaking audiences as Space Cruiser Yamato, the first two seasons of this version were broadcast in Greece in 1981–82 as Διαστημόπλοιο Αργώ. It is a series in the history of anime, marking a turn towards more complex serious works and influencing works such as Mobile Suit Gundam. Hideaki Anno has ranked Yamato his favorite anime and credited it with sparking his interest in anime, Yamato was the first anime series or movie to win the Seiun Award, a feat not repeated until the film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Conceived in 1973 by producer Yoshinobu Nishizaki, the project underwent heavy revisions, there was to be much discord among the crew, many of them acting purely out of self-interest and for personal gain. The enemy aliens were originally called Rajendora, when Leiji Matsumoto was brought onto the project, many of these concepts were discarded. It is his art direction, ship designs and unique style that accredit him in fans eyes as the creator of Space Battleship Yamato. For more information about the spaceship, see Space Battleship Yamato, set in the year 2199, an alien race known as the Gamilas unleash radioactive meteorite bombs on Earth, rendering the planets surface uninhabitable. Humanity has retreated into deep underground cities, but the radioactivity is slowly affecting them as well, earths space fleet is hopelessly outclassed by the Gamilas and all seems lost until a message capsule from a mysterious crashed spaceship is retrieved on Mars. The capsule yields blueprints for an engine and an offering of help from Queen Starsha of the planet Iscandar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. She says that her planet has a device, the Cosmo-Cleaner D and this becomes the Space Battleship Yamato for which the story is titled. Using Starshas blueprints, they equip the new ship with a warp drive, called the wave motion engine. Enormously powerful, it can vaporize a fleet of enemy ships—or a small continent —with one shot, however, it takes a brief, in the English Star Blazers dub, the ship is noted as being the historical Yamato, but is then renamed the Argo. A crew of 114 departs for Iscandar in the Yamato to retrieve the radiation-removing device, the first season contained 26 episodes, following the Yamatos voyage out of the Milky Way Galaxy and back again. The foreign edits tend to play up the characters, while the Japanese original is often more focused on the ship itself. The 13 episodes would have introduced Captain Harlock as a new series character, the series was condensed into a 130-minute-long movie by combining elements from a few key episodes of the first season. Additional animation was created for the movie or recycled from the series test footage, a titanic space battle results in the crew going out on a suicide mission to save humanity. The film has been considered as a non-canonical, alternate timeline, like Farewell, the story is set in the year 2201, and expands the film story to 26 episodes
35.
Newtype
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Newtype is a monthly magazine publication originating from Japan, covering anime and manga. It was launched by publishing company Kadokawa Shoten on March 8,1985 with its April issue, Newtype Korea is published in Korea. Spin-off publications of Newtype also exist in Japan, such as Newtype Hero/Newtype the Live and NewWORDS, the name of the magazine comes from the Newtypes in the Universal Century timeline of the Gundam series, specifically Mobile Suit Gundam and its sequel Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam. Newtype magazine launched a week after Zeta Gundam began airing on March 2,1985, Newtype USA was an English language version that was published in North America between 2002 and 2008. Newtype runs several columns per month, typically written by creators within the anime, past and current contributors include Satsuki Igarashi, Mahiro Maeda, and Gilles Poitras. Newtype USA included columns from more history-minded writers as well as involved in the US anime industry. Newtype usually contains an insert with regularly serialized manga. The magazine is perhaps best known in Japan for serializing Mamoru Naganos The Five Star Stories, manga serialized in Newtype USA varied due to licensing reasons. They had included Full Metal Panic, Angel/Dust, Chrono Crusade, Lagoon Engine Einsatz, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Angelic Days, the Aoi House 4-koma, Angel/Dust Neo, and Kobato. Only several of which appeared in the Japanese Newtype. Newtype contains a tip column for working with computer graphics in manga-style illustration, the column generally centers around working with Adobe Photoshop and Corel Painter. In the Japanese version, the last page of Newtype is usually reserved for one of a series of art pieces or illustrations from a known anime illustrator. Perhaps the best known of these is the GUNDAM FIX illustration series by Hajime Katoki, other illustrators who have contributed to this back page in the past include Yoshikazu Yasuhiko and Hisashi Hirai. Newtype USA included both translated Japanese content and original U. S. material, content included anime, manga, music, game, toy and model reviews, director interviews, artist profiles, and regular columns by industry experts, tastemakers and deep-cover insiders. Newtype USA also included bonus content, such as posters, postcards, a spread, serialized manga. Newtype USA was published by A. D, about 70% of the material is translated from the Japanese release, including matching cover and front story, and articles from American writers. Subscriptions on initial release were expected to hit 50,000, the first Newtype USA issue was published in November,2002. and ended publication after the February 2008 issue. It was replaced in 2008 with PiQ magazine which ceased publication after four issues, Newtype was also published in South Korea by Daiwon C. I. under the name Newtype Korea
36.
Formula One
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Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
37.
Mobile Suit Gundam Wing
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Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, also known in Japan as New Mobile Report Gundam Wing, is a 1995 Japanese mecha anime series directed by Masashi Ikeda and written by Katsuyuki Sumizawa. It is the installment in the Gundam franchise, taking place in the After Colony timeline. As with the series, the plot of Gundam Wing centers on a war in the 2220s CE between Earth and its orbital colonies in the Earth-Moon system. The series aired in Japan on the terrestrial TV Asahi network and it ran for 49 episodes, beginning on April 7,1995 and ending on March 29,1996. It received multiple manga adaptations, as well as video games, two original video animation episodes were produced including a retelling of the series, Operation Meteor, and a direct sequel, Endless Waltz. In 2010, Sumizawa started writing the novel Frozen Teardrop, another sequel from the series, while the series fared modestly well in Japan, in the United States it found greater success and popularized the Gundam franchise in the West. In the distant future, Mankind has colonized space, with clusters of space colonies at each of the five Earth-Moon Lagrange points, down on the Earth, the nations have come together to form the United Earth Sphere Alliance. This Alliance oppresses the colonies with its vast military might, the colonies wishing to be free, join together in a movement headed by the pacifist Heero Yuy. In the year After Colony 175, Yuy is shot dead by an assassin, the assassination prompts five disaffected scientists from the Organization of the Zodiac, more commonly referred to as OZ, to turn rogue upon the completion of the mobile suit prototype Tallgeese. The story of Gundam Wing begins in the year After Colony 195, with the start of Operation Meteor, the scientists plan for revenge against OZ. The operation involves five teenage boys, who have each been chosen and trained by each of the five scientists, each Gundam is sent from a different colony, and the pilots are initially unaware of each others existence. The series focuses primarily on the five Gundam pilots, Heero Yuy, Duo Maxwell, Trowa Barton, Quatre Raberba Winner and Chang Wufei. Their mission is to use their Gundams to attack OZ directly, in order to rid the Alliance of its weapons, the making of Gundam Wing was influenced by Mobile Fighter G Gundam with the idea of having five main characters. Originally, the series was meant to be titled Gundam Meteor after Operation Meteor, Bandai suggested having a Gundam with the ability of transforming into a plane-like form. The writers worked together for one week conceptualizing the characters, mobile suits, director Masashi Ikeda reacted to their work comparing it to the first Gundam series, Zeta and G all at once. The series was focused on drama than mecha, which the staff credits as one of the reasons for the shows popularity within the female demographic. Writer Katsuyuki Sumizawa expressed difficulties in the making of the story as opposed to his work in due to the fact he relayed duties to other members. However, the handling of the five characters was made due to the setting
38.
Bandai Visual
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Most of the anime and films that has been distributed and licensed by Bandai Visual has been released under the Emotion label. Since the reorganisation of Bandai Namco Holdings in 2006, Bandai Visual now heads the groups Visual and its subsidiaries include the Emotion Music Company, Limited, and Lantis Company, Limited music publishing labels. Bandai Visual is currently a fully owned subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings, Bandai Namco announced on November 8,2007 that it would buy the voting shares it did not own between that date and December 10,2007 and turn the company into a wholly owned subsidiary. On December 18,2007, Bandai Namco announced that it owned 93. 63% of Bandai Visuals shares since the end of November, the remaining shares were delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on February 15,2008 after Bandai Namco acquired the remaining 10% of the shares. Bandai Entertainment is a subsidiary of Bandai America, founded in 1998. Their first releases were under the AnimeVillage. com label up until 1999 when Bandai Entertainment started releasing its titles, despite its name it was not directly established by Bandai Visual. Originally separate from Bandai Visual USA, Namco Holdings announced that Bandai Entertainment would absorb Bandai Visual USA in 2008, the company also licensed manga series for release with English translation, and published American-made graphic novels. As with many North American anime distributors, Bandai Entertainment offered a fan support program to public screenings of licensed content at anime clubs. The company confirmed on January 2,2012 that they would stop offering new DVD, Blu-ray disc and manga releases by February, Bandai Entertainment was restructured to focus on licensing anime to other companies. On August 30,2012, Bandai America announced that it shut down Bandai Entertainment and discontinue distributing their home video. They made their final shipment to retailers on November 30,2012, many former Bandai Entertainment titles have been re-licensed by companies like Funimation, Discotek Media, Nozomi Entertainment & Sentai Filmworks. In 2017, Bandai Entertainment was temporarily relaunched by Manga Entertainment to release both seasons of Ghost in the Shell, Stand Alone Complex on Blu-ray, Beez Entertainment was the European branch of Bandai Entertainment that also distributed anime and music and were also owned by Bandai Namco Holdings. The name is an acronym for Bandai Entertainment European Zone, following the discontinuation of Bandai Entertainment, Beez has also stopped releasing anime in the European market. Their anime releases were licensed in North America by Bandai Entertainment, Bandai Visual USA was established in 2005 to distribute and market Bandai Visuals productions in North America. Unlike Bandai Entertainment, Bandai Visual USAs releases were of high quality and were aimed at collectors and their titles were released under the Honnêamise label. Bandai Visual USAs anime products were distributed in North America initially by Image Entertainment and later, Geneon Entertainment USA, on May 23,2008, Bandai Namco Holdings announced that Bandai Visual USA would be merged into Bandai Entertainment. Bandai Visual USA was dissolved on July 1,2008, Honnêamise was Bandai Visual USAs boutique label that distributed deluxe editions of anime and artsier products. The labels namesake comes from Royal Space Force, The Wings of Honnêamise, the label was shut down on July 1,2008 when Bandai Visual USA was absorbed into Bandai Entertainment
