1.
Mobile phone
–
A mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the systems of a mobile phone operator. Most modern mobile telephone services use a network architecture, and, therefore. Mobile phones which offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones, the first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing c.4.4 lbs. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available mobile phone. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to seven billion, penetrating 100% of the global population. In first quarter of 2016, the top smartphone manufacturers were Samsung, Apple, a handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a pocket-size folding telephone with a thin carbon microphone. Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships, the race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. These 0G systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, the first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing c.4.4 lbs. The first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and this was followed in 1981 by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone system in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Several other countries followed in the early to mid-1980s. These first-generation systems could support far more simultaneous calls but still used analog cellular technology, in 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. In 1991, the digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard. This sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators, ten years later, in 2001, the third generation was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. This was followed by 3. 5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the high-speed packet access family, allowing UMTS networks to have data transfer speeds. By 2009, it had become clear that, at point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized fourth-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to ten-fold over existing 3G technologies
2.
Cannes
–
Cannes is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune of France located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, the city is known for its association with the rich and famous, its luxury hotels and restaurants, and for several conferences. On 3 November 2011 it also played host to the G20 organisation of industrialised nations, by the 2nd century BC, the Ligurian Oxybii established a settlement here known as Aegitna. Historians are unsure what the name means, the area was a fishing village used as a port of call between the Lérins Islands. In 69 AD, it became the scene of violent conflict between the troops of Otho and Vitellius, in the 10th century, the town was known as Canua. The name may derive from canna, a reed, Canua was probably the site of a small Ligurian port, and later a Roman outpost on Le Suquet hill, suggested by Roman tombs discovered here. Le Suquet housed an 11th-century tower which overlooked swamps where the city now stands, most of the ancient activity, especially protection, was on the Lérins Islands and the history of Cannes is closely tied to the history of the islands. An attack by the Saracens in 891, who remained until the end of the 10th century, the insecurity of the Lérins islands forced the monks to settle on the mainland, at the Suquet. Construction of a castle in 1035 fortified the city by then known as Cannes, one took a century to build. Around 1530, Cannes detached from the monks who had controlled the city for hundreds of years, during the 18th century, both the Spanish and British tried to gain control of the Lérins Islands but were chased away by the French. The islands were controlled by many, such as Jean-Honoré Alziary. They had many different purposes, at the end of the 19th century, henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux bought land at the Croix des Gardes and constructed the villa Eleonore-Louise. His work to improve living conditions attracted the English aristocracy, who built winter residences. At the end of the 19th century, several railways were completed, in Cannes, projects such as the Boulevard Carnot and the rue dAntibes were carried out. After the closure of the Casino des Fleurs, an establishment was built for the rich winter clientele. This casino was demolished and replaced by the new Palace in 1979, in the 20th century, new luxury hotels such as the Carlton, Majestic, Martinez, and JW Marriott Cannes were built. The city was modernised with a centre, a post office. There were fewer British and German tourists after the First World War, winter tourism gave way to summer tourism and the summer casino at the Palm Beach was constructed
3.
Trade fair
–
A few fairs are hybrids of the two, one example is the Frankfurt Book Fair, which is trade only for its first three days and open to the general public on its final two days. They are held on a basis in virtually all markets. Modern trade fairs follow in the tradition of trade fairs established in late medieval Europe, in this era, produce and craft producers visited towns for trading fairs, to sell and showcase products. From the late century, industrial exhibitions in Europe and North America became more common reflecting the technological dynamism of the Industrial Revolution. In the late 19th century, the concept of annual trade shows gained traction. Trade fairs often involve a considerable marketing investment by participating companies, costs include space rental, booth design and construction of trade show displays, telecommunications and networking, travel, accommodations, and promotional literature and items to give to attendees. In addition, costs are incurred at the show for such as electrical, booth cleaning, internet services. Consequently, cities often promote trade shows as a means of economic development, an increasing number of trade fairs are happening online, and these events are called virtual tradeshows. They are increasing in popularity due to their low cost. Large trade fair grounds, List reviewed on March 12,2014, agricultural show Buyers Market of American Craft County fair Lead retrieval List of worlds fairs Rodeo State fair Worlds fair Media related to Trade fairs at Wikimedia Commons Database
4.
UMTS
–
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency, UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes the radio access network, the core network and the authentication of users via SIM cards. The technology described in UMTS is sometimes referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access or 3GSM. Unlike EDGE and CDMA2000, UMTS requires new base stations and new frequency allocations, UMTS supports maximum theoretical data transfer rates of 42 Mbit/s when Evolved HSPA is implemented in the network. Users in deployed networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384 kbit/s for Release 99 handsets, since 2006, UMTS networks in many countries have been or are in the process of being upgraded with High-Speed Downlink Packet Access, sometimes known as 3. 5G. Currently, HSDPA enables downlink transfer speeds of up to 21 Mbit/s, work is also progressing on improving the uplink transfer speed with the High-Speed Uplink Packet Access. The first national consumer UMTS networks launched in 2002 with a emphasis on telco-provided mobile applications such as mobile TV. UMTS combines three different terrestrial air interfaces, GSMs Mobile Application Part core, and the GSM family of speech codecs, the air interfaces are called UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access. All air interface options are part of ITUs IMT-2000, in the currently most popular variant for cellular mobile telephones, W-CDMA is used. Please note that the terms W-CDMA, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA are misleading, while they suggest covering just a channel access method, they are actually the common names for the whole air interface standards. W-CDMA or WCDMA, along with UMTS-FDD, UTRA-FDD, or IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread is an air interface found in 3G mobile telecommunications networks. W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz wide channels, in contrast, the competing CDMA2000 system uses one or more available 1.25 MHz channels for each direction of communication. W-CDMA systems are criticized for their large spectrum usage, which delayed deployment in countries that acted relatively slowly in allocating new frequencies specifically for 3G services. The specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard are 1885–2025 MHz for the mobile-to-base, in the US, 1710–1755 MHz and 2110–2155 MHz are used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already used. Some carriers such as T-Mobile use band numbers to identify the UMTS frequencies, in the late 1990s, W-CDMA was developed by NTT DoCoMo as the air interface for their 3G network FOMA. Later NTT DoCoMo submitted the specification to the International Telecommunication Union as a candidate for the international 3G standard known as IMT-2000. The ITU eventually accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards, as an alternative to CDMA2000, EDGE, later, W-CDMA was selected as an air interface for UMTS. As NTT DoCoMo did not wait for the finalisation of the 3G Release 99 specification, however, this has been resolved by NTT DoCoMo updating their network
5.
Vice Media
–
Vice Media is a North American digital media and broadcasting company. The Viceland TV channel currently operates in international territories, with plans to expand to a total of 44 by the end of 2017. VICE Media broadcasts two news programs on HBO, VICE News Tonight, which premiered October 10,2016, showcases a nightly roundup of global news, technology, the environment, economics, and pop culture while eschewing traditional news anchors. HBO also broadcasts the Emmy-winning weekly documentary series VICE, which premiered on the network in April 2013, VICE features segments on global issues hosted by Shane Smith, co-founder Suroosh Alvi, and a rotating cast of correspondents. Originally based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, VICE re-located to New York City in 2001. In 2014, VICE Media was the subject of a 10%, US$200 million equity investment by U. S. broadcasting company A&E Networks, Disney made a second 10%, US$200 million investment in 2015. They changed the name to VICE in 1996, and as the magazine became increasingly popular, after being acquired in 1999 and moving to New York City, the co-founders bought VICE back and moved to new offices in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 2001. The magazine continued to gain attention and readership due to its content, commentary, and contributions from the likes of Terry Richardson, Ryan McGinley, the magazine then rapidly expanded internationally, with Andrew Creighton and Andy Capper co-founding the UK division of VICE. The magazine then expanded further into all 5 continents, in 2006, on the advice of creative director Spike Jonze, VICE began expanding into digital video, launching new video service VBS. tv as a joint venture with MTV Networks. VBS gained a fan base with shows like The VICE Guide To Travel, Epicly Later’d, the documentaries on the channel featured unusual subjects, and were hosted by young people working at VICE Media, often the founders themselves. VICE Media would later launch sites around Electronic music culture, global news, food, additionally, VICE Media launched Virtue Worldwide, a creative services agency, to expand their capabilities for work around their platforms. In 2008, co-founder Gavin McInnes left VICE Media due to differences with the company. He later co-founded Rooster, an agency, where he has since been terminated after publishing his controversial opinions on transgender issues. In 2012, VICE Media continued to expand its coverage focused around news, in mid-August 2013, Rupert Murdochs 21st Century Fox invested US$70 million in VICE Media, resulting in a 5 percent stake. Following the announcement, Smith explained, We have set ourselves up to build a global platform, in 2013 VICE Media premiered a new 30-minute news program for HBO titled VICE, executive produced by Bill Maher. In 2014, the season of the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Informational Series or Special in the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. In 2014, VICE Media launched its news channel, VICE News, as of October 2014, the leader of BBC’s Newsdesk claimed the organization was “playing catch-up” to VICE News. VICE Media has routinely advocated for their brand of journalism in the pursuit of more authentic
6.
GSMA
–
The GSM Association is a trade body that represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide. Approximately 800 mobile operators are full GSMA members and a further 300 companies in the mobile ecosystem are associate members. The GSMA represents its members via industry programmes, working groups and it also organises the mobile industry’s largest annual exhibition and conference, the GSMA Mobile World Congress, and several other events. The GSMA is headquartered in London with regional offices in Atlanta, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Barcelona, Brussels, Brasilia, Nairobi, the Director General of the GSMA is Mats Granryd. The GSMA was formed in 1995 as the GSM MoU Association as a body to support and it traces its history back to an MoU signed in 1987 by 13 operators in 12 countries that committed to deploying GSM for mobile services. Full membership of the GSMA is open to licensed mobile operators using a GSM family technology, approximately 800 such operators around the world are full GSMA members. Associate membership of the GSMA is open to non-operator companies active in the mobile ecosystem, there are approximately 300 GSMA member companies in this category. The GSMA board has 25 representatives from the world’s largest operator groups and selected smaller operators, sunil Bharti Mittal, Founder and Chairman, Bharti Enterprises, became GSMA Chair in January 2017 and will serve a two-year term. The GSMA manages industry programmes in collaboration with its members with the aim of achieving scale and it has four active programmes, Personal Data, Connected Living, Network 2020, and Digital Commerce. It also runs industry working groups covering areas such as roaming and interconnection, fraud and security, the GSMA represents the mobile industry to governments and institutions where it advocates policy and regulatory positions on behalf of its members. As part of its Industry Purpose programme, the GSMA is supporting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, the GSMA Mobile World Congress is the largest annual exhibition and conference dedicated to the mobile industry, attracting more than 100,000 visitors in 2016. The event was first held in 1987, since 2006 the event has been hosted in Barcelona and is currently located at the Fira Gran Via and Fira Montjuïc venues. The 2016 event retained a Guinness World Record as the largest carbon neutral trade show in the world, the GSMA is the global administrator of Type Allocation Code, which is used to create the IMEI number that can uniquely identify wireless devices. It allocates official IMEI number ranges to all manufacturers of 3GPP compliant devices and records these ranges and it offers a device look up and identification service based on this database that allows authorised third-party organisations to identify the manufacturer and model of a mobile device using the IMEI
.jpg)
