The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes
Toby "Winema" Riddle (Modoc, 1848–1920)
Photo of Modoc Yellow Hammer taken by Joseph Andrew Shuck before 1904. From the Lena Robitaille Collection at the Oklahoma Historical Society Photo Archives.
Chief Yellow Hammer painted in traditional clothing by E.A Burbank, 1901.
L to R, standing: US Indian agent, Winema (Tobey) Riddle, a Modoc; and her husband Frank Riddle, with four Modoc women sitting in the front two rows. Photographed by Eadweard Muybridge, 1873.
Toby "Winema" Riddle was a Modoc woman who served as an interpreter in negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the Modoc War. She warned the peace commis
Modoc people
…Modoc Toby "Winema" Riddle (Modoc, 1848–1920) Total population 800 (2000) Regions with significant populations United States Oregon 600 Oklahoma 200 California 500 Languages…
Left to right, standing: US Indian agent, Winema (Toby) and her husband Frank Riddle; other Modoc women in front, 1873