1.
Pittsburgh
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Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The city proper has a population of 304,391. The metropolitan population of 2,353,045 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the 26th-largest in the U. S. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment, Americas 1980s deindustrialization laid off area blue-collar workers and thousands of downtown white-collar workers when the longtime Pittsburgh-based world headquarters moved out. The area has served also as the federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research. The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University, the region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, sustainable energy, and energy extraction. Pittsburgh was named in 1758 by General John Forbes, in honor of British statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. The current pronunciation, which is unusual in English speaking countries, is almost certainly a result of a printing error in some copies of the City Charter of March 18,1816. The error was repeated commonly enough throughout the rest of the 19th century that the pronunciation was lost. After a public campaign the original spelling was restored by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1911. The area of the Ohio headwaters was long inhabited by the Shawnee, the first known European to enter the region was the French explorer/trader Robert de La Salle from Quebec during his 1669 expedition down the Ohio River. European pioneers, primarily Dutch, followed in the early 18th century, Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a 1717 manuscript, and later that year European fur traders established area posts and settlements. In 1749, French soldiers from Quebec launched an expedition to the forks to unite Canada with French Louisiana via the rivers, during 1753–54, the British hastily built Fort Prince George before a larger French force drove them off. The French built Fort Duquesne based on LaSalles 1669 claims, the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years War, began with the future Pittsburgh as its center. British General Edward Braddock was dispatched with Major George Washington as his aide to take Fort Duquesne, the British and colonial force were defeated at Braddocks Field. General John Forbes finally took the forks in 1758, Forbes began construction on Fort Pitt, named after William Pitt the Elder while the settlement was named Pittsborough
2.
South Side (Pittsburgh)
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South Side is an area in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Monongahela River across from Downtown Pittsburgh. The South Side is officially divided into two neighborhoods, South Side Flats and South Side Slopes, both the Flats and the Slopes are represented on Pittsburgh City Council by Bruce Kraus. The business district stretches along East Carson Street, which is home to small shops, restaurants. In 2006, more than 80 bars and pubs operated in the South Side Flats, the neighborhood has an urban fabric with rowhouses. The South Side is well-connected with public transit and its proximity and public transit connections also have attracted professionals who work downtown. Pittsburgh Fire Station #24 is located on Mary Street in the neighborhood, dr. Nathaniel Bedford planned a large part of Birmingham and named many streets after his friends and family, thus the predominance of streets named after people such as Jane, Sarah, and Carson. For many years, much of the South Side was dominated by heavy industry, the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company was located on the South Side but closed in the 1980s and has since been redeveloped. The Pittsburgh Terminal Properties building is located on the west end of Carson Street, when construction finished in 1906, it was the largest warehouse between New York and Chicago. Connections to river, rail, and road transport made it a facility for merchants who sold goods. It has since redeveloped into River Walk Corporate Centre and houses a mix of office and service businesses including Paper Products Company. In more recent years, the South Side has become home to a student population. Many students at Duquesne University, University of Pittsburgh, and Carnegie Mellon University either live in the South Side or spend a portion of their nightlife there, a walk over the South Tenth Street Bridge that crosses the Monongahela River takes students to Duquesne University. Due to the number of college students and young professionals, in addition to the thriving bar scene. Important streets in South Side are E. Carson Street, Josephine Street, the business district is located along E. Carson Street, which runs the length of South Side. The Birmingham Bridge makes South Side easily accessible from Oakland, which is around 2 miles away from South Side, Station Square is about 1.5 miles west of South Side, and Mt. Washington is 2.5 miles away. The average South Side family income in 2003 was $41,353, East Carson St. has restaurants, bars, and shops that help support the economy of the South Side. The large variety of shopping along E. Carson Street and SouthSide Works is also a factor in the South Sides economy, there are a variety of locally owned stores such as Pittsburgh Jeans Co. and widespread stores such as American Eagle, H&M, and Nine West. The Urban Redevelopment Authority started the SouthSide Works project hoping to create over 6,000 jobs, today, SouthSide Works has over 10 shopping stores and over 10 restaurants & bars
3.
Uptown Pittsburgh
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Uptown or The Bluff is a neighborhood in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to the southeast of the citys Central Business District. It is bordered in the north by the Hill District and located across the Monongahela River from South Side, the predominant area zip code is 15219. This area is home to Mercy Hospital as well as Duquesne University and it also includes a residential community that was once flourishing during the first half of the 20th century. Uptown is also the home of the Pittsburgh Fire Bureau 4 Engine and 4 Truck, the area was known to American frontiersmen and colonists as Ayers Hill in honor of a fortification built by the English commander Ayers in the mid-1700s. Sometime near the Revolutionary War and throughout the 19th century the area was referred to as Boyds Hill in the expanding frontier and than industrial city. The name is said to have given to the neighborhood after a newly arrived businessman swayed by Hugh Brackenridge, left his downtown office. The Uptown was first developed by James Tustin, an eccentric English émigré who built an estate in the area in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century. Tustin named his estate Soho after his previous residence in Britain, the neighborhood was originally part of Pitt Township, but was annexed in 1846. The addition was precipitated by the efforts at regrowth following a cataclysmic fire in 1845. The neighborhood was affected by Pittsburghs urban renewal campaign in the 1960s. Construction projects in the area include expansion by Duquesne University, fifth Avenue is home to law offices and a few restaurants, but vacant storefronts, rundown bars, and small street parking lots for Downtown commuters are prevalent as well. Brick rowhouses are common in the neighborhood, there are significant efforts in the community to reassert a sense of identity, and residents range from Downtown workers and long-time residents to university students and health professionals. Uptown borders Pittsburghs Downtown Pittsburgh, the The Hill District neighborhood, South Oakland, the South Side Flats, list of Pittsburgh neighborhoods Post Gazette article on the 19th century history of the area Toker, Franklin. Post-Gazette on residential renovations in the Bluff
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
6.
West Virginia
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West Virginia /ˌwɛst vərˈdʒɪnjə/ is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north, West Virginia is the 9th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the second lowest household income of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston, West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20,1863, and was a key Civil War border state. The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States, the unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. It is the state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission. The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries and it is one of the most densely karstic areas in the world, making it a choice area for recreational caving and scientific research. The karst lands contribute to much of the states cool trout waters and it is also known for a wide range of outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, whitewater rafting, fishing, hiking, backpacking, mountain biking, and hunting. Many ancient man-made earthen mounds from various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of village societies and they had a tribal trade system culture that crafted cold-worked copper pieces. The Iroquois drove out other American Indian tribes from the region to reserve the upper Ohio Valley as a ground in the 1670s. Siouan language tribes such as the Moneton had also recorded in the area previously. West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony from 1607 to 1776, residents of the western and northern counties set up a separate government under Francis Pierpont in 1861, which they called the restored government. Most voted to separate from Virginia and the new state was admitted to the Union in 1863, in 1864 a state constitutional convention drafted a constitution, which was ratified by the legislature without putting it to popular vote. West Virginia abolished slavery and temporarily disfranchised men who had held Confederate office or fought for the Confederacy, West Virginias history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, numerous and vast river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors driving its economy and the lifestyles of its residents, a 2010 analysis of a local stalagmite revealed that Native Americans were burning forests to clear land as early as 100 BC. Some regional late-prehistoric Eastern Woodland tribes were involved in hunting and fishing, practicing the slash. Another group progressed to the more time-consuming, advanced companion crop fields method of gardening, also continuing from ancient indigenous people of the state, field space and time was given to tobacco growing through to early historic. Maize did not make a contribution to the diet until after 1150 BP
7.
Washington County, Pennsylvania
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Washington County is a county located in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 207,820, the county was created on March 28,1781, from part of Westmoreland County. The city and county were named after American Revolutionary War leader George Washington, who eventually became the first President of the United States. Washington County is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the county is home to Washington County Airport, located three miles southwest of Washington, Pennsylvania. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 861 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 202,897 people,81,130 households, the population density was 237 people per square mile. There were 87,267 housing units at a density of 102 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 95. 27% White,3. 26% Black or African American,0. 09% Native American,0. 36% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 19% from other races, and 0. 82% from two or more races. 0. 58% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,18. 3% were of German,17. 2% Italian,10. 6% Irish,8. 6% English,7. 9% Polish and 6. 2% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 27. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96. In the county, the population was out with 22. 20% under the age of 18,7. 70% from 18 to 24,27. 20% from 25 to 44,25. 00% from 45 to 64. The median age was 41 years, for every 100 females there were 92.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.00 males, as of 1800, this county was largely settled by people of Scot-Irish heritage because prime lands were already taken by the Germans and the Quakers. The County of Washington is governed by a publicly elected commission. The three commissioners serve in both executive and legislative capacities, by state law, the commission must have a minority party guaranteeing a political split on the commission. Each term is for four years, maggi lost to Murphy and earned only 36 percent of the vote. Irey was the Republican candidate for Pennsylvanias 12th congressional district and lost to the late Democratic incumbent John Murtha in the 2006 election, the Washington County Court of Common Pleas, the Twenty-Seventh Judicial District of Pennsylvania, is the state trial court, sitting in and for Washington County. It serves as the court of jurisdiction for the region
8.
West Fork River
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The West Fork River is a principal tributary of the Monongahela River,103 miles long, in north-central West Virginia in the United States. Via the Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, the river is formed near the community of Rock Cave in southwestern Upshur County by the confluence of small headwaters tributaries known as Straight Fork and Whites Camp Fork. Among other tributaries, it collects Stonecoal Creek in Weston, Hackers Creek in southern Harrison County, Elk Creek in Clarksburg, the West Fork has a low gradient and is slow-moving throughout its course. It is locally popular for fishing, and is stocked with muskellunge by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. Other fish species in the river include carp, channel and flathead catfish, golden and rainbow trout, largemouth, smallmouth, and spotted bass, sauger, and walleye. Jacksons Mill was established along the north of Weston around the year 1800 by Edward Jackson, his grandson. The site has been operated as a 4-H facility since the 1920s, a walking trail parallels the river for 1.2 miles in Veterans Park in Clarksburg. For much of its length between Clarksburg and Fairmont, the West Fork is paralleled by a pair of rail trails on the route of a mid-19th century line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The Harrison County Trail extends northward from Clarksburg, and the West Fork River Trail connects Shinnston to Fairmont. A long-term closure of the connection between the two trails is anticipated, due to the presence of waste at an industrial site near the community of Spelter in northern Harrison County. The West Fork River is not navigable by barge traffic, it is classified by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources as recreationally navigable for canoes. Construction of a system of locks, dams, and chutes was begun by the Monongahela Navigation Company in 1817, three miles south of Weston, the river is dammed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to form Stonewall Jackson Lake. Construction of the dam was delayed by the opposition of residents and began in the mid-1980s at an ultimate cost of $208 million. The dam is 95 feet tall and forms a 2, 650-acre lake, land along the lake is leased as a wildlife management area and Stonewall Jackson Lake State Park. While the dams in later years have come to be regarded as good fishing areas, the United States Board on Geographic Names settled on West Fork River as the streams name in 1902
9.
Fairmont, West Virginia
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Fairmont is a city in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 18,704 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Marion County. Prior to the founding of Fairmont, the land that would become Marion County was part of Monongalia, in the 1700s, the earliest development of this area consisted of subsistence farming settlements. In 1789, Boaz Fleming, a Revolutionary War veteran, migrated to this area, oral history indicates that in 1808, Fleming made his annual trek to Clarksburg to pay his brothers Harrison County taxes. While in Clarksburg, Fleming attended a gathering that included his cousin, Dolly Madison. Fleming complained to Mrs. Madison about having to travel over a hundred each year from his home to pay his Monongalia County taxes. Mrs. Madison supposedly suggested that he create his own county to him all that travel. In 1814, Fleming circulated a petition to do precisely that, naming the proposed county Madison County, in honor of Dolly, Milford was the only town within the borders of Flemings proposed county, so Fleming decided to make Milford the seat of Madison County. However, Milfords citizens preferred to remain part of Monongalia County, as a result, Flemings petition failed to gain sufficient support to be presented to the Virginia General Assembly. Fleming then focused on creating a new town near his farm, in 1817, Flemings sons—William and David—began to clear land on part of their fathers farm to make way for the new town, this part of the farm would later become downtown Fairmont. In 1819, a road was built from Clarksburg to Morgantown, Flemings new town was about halfway between the two cities, making it a good resting point. The town was incorporated as Middletown on January 19,1820, the current borders of Marion County were established in 1842, and Middletown was named the countys seat. At that time, William Haymond, Jr. suggested that the name be changed to Fairmont because the town had a beautiful overlook of the Monongahela River. The Borough of Fairmont was incorporated in 1843 by the Virginia General Assembly, many of the first buildings in Fairmont were poorly constructed. By 1852—little more than 30 years after the citys founding—a large portion of Fairmont was reported to be run-down, reports from 1873 indicate that these buildings had continued to fall into disrepair. On April 2,1876, a fire destroyed a portion of the citys business district. The continuing dilapidation of the buildings may have contributed to the fire. Between 1891 and 1901—in a span of only 10 years—Fairmonts population had increased from 1,000 to 7,000, the City of Fairmont was chartered in 1899, as a result of the charter, the city absorbed the surrounding towns of Palatine and West Fairmont
10.
Ohio River
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The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States. The 981-mile river flows through or along the border of six states, through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes many of the states of the southeastern U. S. It is the source of drinking water for three million people and it is named in Iroquoian or Seneca, Ohi, yó, lit. Good River or Shawnee, Pelewathiipi and Spelewathiipi, the river had great significance in the history of the Native Americans, as numerous civilizations formed along its valley. For thousands of years, Native Americans used the river as a major transportation, in 1669, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led a French expedition to the Ohio River, becoming the first Europeans to see it. After European-American settlement, the served as a border between present-day Kentucky and Indian Territories. It was a transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U. S. In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781–82, Thomas Jefferson stated and its current gentle, waters clear, and bosom smooth and unbroken by rocks and rapids, a single instance only excepted. During the 19th century, the river was the boundary of the Northwest Territory. Where the river was narrow, it was the way to freedom for thousands of slaves escaping to the North, many helped by free blacks and whites of the Underground Railroad resistance movement. The Ohio River is a transition area, as its water runs along the periphery of the humid subtropical. It is inhabited by fauna and flora of both climates, in winter, it regularly freezes over at Pittsburgh but rarely further south toward Cincinnati and Louisville. At Paducah, Kentucky, in the south, near the Ohios confluence with the Mississippi, Paducah was founded there because it is the northernmost ice-free reach of the Ohio. The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Point State Park in Pittsburgh, from there, it flows northwest through Allegheny and Beaver counties, before making an abrupt turn to the south-southwest at the West Virginia–Ohio–Pennsylvania triple-state line. From there, it forms the border between West Virginia and Ohio, upstream of Wheeling, West Virginia, the river then follows a roughly southwest and then west-northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west-southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the borders of West Virginia and Kentucky. The Ohio drains parts of 15 states in four regions, northeast New York, a small area of the southern border along the headwaters of the Allegheny. Pennsylvania, a corridor from the corner to north central border
11.
Youghiogheny River
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The Youghiogheny River /jɒkəˈɡeɪni/, or the Yough /ˈjɒk/ for short, is a 134-mile-long tributary of the Monongahela River in the U. S. states of West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. It drains an area on the west side of the Allegheny Mountains northward into Pennsylvania, Youghiogheny is an Algonquin word meaning a stream flowing in a contrary direction. The Youghiogheny rises in northern West Virginia, in Preston County southeast of the town of Kingwood, the headwaters are approximately 10 miles north of the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac River. It flows north-northeast into Garrett County, Maryland, flowing north past Oakland and roughly parallel to the West Virginia border, the river enters southwestern Pennsylvania on the border between Fayette and Somerset counties. It flows northwest through a gap in Chestnut Ridge and then past Connellsville and it joins the Monongahela River from the southeast at McKeesport, southeast of Pittsburgh. The dam was completed in 1944 primarily for flood control, in 1754, as a militia officer of the British Colony of Virginia, George Washington followed the river in an attempt to find a water route to Fort Duquesne, then held by the French. During the uncommonly severe winter of 1787-88, American pioneers to the Northwest Territory departed New England, the pioneer town of Somerfield, Pennsylvania, was inundated by the building of the Youghiogheny Dam. Perryopolis in northern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, is the site of the George Washington Grist Mill, the Youghiogheny River Trail follows the river in southwestern Pennsylvania southeast of Connellsville. Coal mining became an important industry along the lower Youghiogheny River during the 19th century, at the time the name was often spelled Yohoghany, and during the 1860s and 1870s that spelling was used as the name of a post office near what is now Shaner in Westmoreland County. Fallingwater, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in the valley southeast of Connellsville. A portion of the river in Maryland has been set aside by the state as the Youghiogheny Scenic, the Youghiogheny is popular for whitewater canoeing, kayaking and rafting. The program was successful, so the falls are accessible to whitewater kayakers, further downstream, near Connellsville, the river is much slower, without whitewater rapids, and is able to be piloted by personal tubes, kayaks or canoes. Although the Youghiogheny is generally considered to be safe for whitewater recreation, at least five, and possibly as many as 14, of the fatalities have occurred at a rapid within the Lower Yough known as Dimple. Dimple refers to both the Class III rapid by that name, as well as a rock in the middle of the rapid by that name. Some of the deaths were attributed to preexisting conditions, with 9 of the 14 being caused by the rock itself. The Youghiogheny is also known for fishing, having brown and rainbow trout, part of the Great Allegheny Passage, a multi-use trail along the former Western Maryland Railway right-of-way, extends from Pittsburgh to Confluence. From Confluence, it connects to Washington, D. C and his 2001 story The God Of Dark Laughter is also set in Yuggogheny County
12.
River
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A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water, small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the term river as applied to geographic features. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location, examples are run in parts of the United States, burn in Scotland and northeast England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always, Rivers are part of the hydrological cycle. Potamology is the study of rivers while limnology is the study of inland waters in general. Extraterrestrial rivers of liquid hydrocarbons have recently found on Titan. Channels may indicate past rivers on other planets, specifically outflow channels on Mars and rivers are theorised to exist on planets, a river begins at a source, follows a path called a course, and ends at a mouth or mouths. The water in a river is confined to a channel. In larger rivers there is also a wider floodplain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Floodplains may be wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and floodplain can be blurred, especially in areas where the floodplain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing. Rivers can flow down mountains, through valleys or along plains, the term upriver refers to the direction towards the source of the river, i. e. against the direction of flow. Likewise, the term describes the direction towards the mouth of the river. The term left bank refers to the bank in the direction of flow. The river channel typically contains a stream of water, but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water. Extensive braided rivers are now found in only a few regions worldwide and they also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastamosing rivers are similar to braided rivers and are quite rare
Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Monongahela". The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "