Monthon
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Monthon, also known as Monthon Thesaphiban, were administrative subdivisions of Thailand at the beginning of the 20th century. The Thai word monthon is a translation of the word mandala, in its sense
Administrative Division of Siam in 1900
The Establishment of Monthons in 1893
Mandala (political model)
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In the historiography of premodern Southeast Asia, a mandala is a pattern of political organization characterized by overlapping spheres of influence rather than fixed territorial boundaries. Mandala
Monthon
…at the beginning of the 20th century. The Thai word monthon is a translation of the word mandala (maṇḍala, literally "circle"), in its sense of a type of political formation. The monthon were created as a part of the Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล, literally "local government") bureaucratic administrative system, introduced by…
Bunga mas (Flowers of Gold), tribute from northern Malay states in Malay peninsula for Siam. National Museum, Kuala Lumpur.)