1.
Montreal
–
Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
2.
Quebec
–
Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
3.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Seating capacity
–
Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
5.
Ice hockey
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
6.
Basketball
–
Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
7.
Canadian dollar
–
The Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or sometimes Can$ or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and it is divided into 100 cents. Canadas dollar is the fifth most held reserve currency in the world, accounting for approximately 2% of all global reserves, behind only the U. S. dollar, the euro, the yen and the pound sterling. In 1841, the Province of Canada adopted a new system based on the Halifax rating, the new Canadian pound was equal to four US dollars, making one pound sterling equal to 1 pound,4 shillings, and 4 pence Canadian. Thus, the new Canadian pound was worth 16 shillings and 5.3 pence sterling, the 1850s was a decade of wrangling over whether to adopt a sterling monetary system or a decimal monetary system based on the US dollar. In 1851, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly passed an act for the purposes of introducing a sterling unit in conjunction with decimal fractional coinage. The idea was that the coins would correspond to exact amounts in relation to the U. S. dollar fractional coinage. This gold standard was introduced with the gold sovereign being legal tender at £1 = US$ 4.86 2⁄3, no coinage was provided for under the 1853 act. Sterling coinage was legal tender and all other silver coins were demonetized. The British government in principle allowed for a decimal coinage but nevertheless held out the hope that a unit would be chosen under the name of royal. However, in 1857, the decision was made to introduce a decimal coinage into the Province of Canada in conjunction with the U. S. dollar unit, in 1859, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with decimal denominations for the first time. In 1860, the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia followed the colony of Canada in adopting a system based on the U. S. dollar unit. In the following year, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with the shown in dollars. The U. S. dollar was created in 1792 on the basis of the weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. As such, the Spanish dollar was slightly more than the U. S. dollar, and likewise. In 1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were united in a called the Dominion of Canada. In 1871, Prince Edward Island went decimal within the U. S. dollar unit, however, the currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards, when Prince Edward island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873. The Canadian Parliament passed the Uniform Currency Act in April 1871, tying up loose ends as to the currencies of the various provinces, the gold standard was temporarily abandoned during the First World War and definitively abolished on April 10,1933
8.
National Hockey League
–
Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
9.
Montreal Canadiens
–
The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the clubs official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens, Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux, Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club. Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, the franchise is one of the Original Six teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The teams championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup, the Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 Stanley Cups,22 of them since 1927, on a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25. Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their games at Centre Bell. The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all, the Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose OBrien on December 4,1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association, the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the community in Montreal, composed of francophone players. The teams first season was not a success, as they placed last, after the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the teams fortunes improved over the next seasons. The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season, in 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL, and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz. The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season, the club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, the Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens. Led by the Punch Line of Maurice Rocket Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979. In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by losing eight games in an 80-game season. The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the teams head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s
10.
Montreal Junior Canadiens
–
The Montreal Junior Canadiens were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Junior Hockey League from 1933 to 1961, and the Ontario Hockey Association from 1961 to 1972. They played out of the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec, the Junior Canadiens were a farm team to the NHL Montreal Canadiens from the early 1930s until the institution of the NHL Entry Draft. The Juniors originally played in the Quebec Junior Hockey League, in 1961 the franchise switched to the Ontario Hockey Association to compete at the major junior level. It was granted entry as a club in 1961. At the time, major hockey in Quebec, and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, in the Quebec Junior playoffs, the Junior Canadiens defeated the Quebec Citadels and the Halifax St. Marys. The series versus Halifax was surrendered by St. Marys when Montreal won the first two games on the road by scores of 11–3 and 10–1, after that the Junior Canadiens defeated the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters to represent eastern Canada in the Memorial Cup. The Memorial Cup of 1950 saw two teams of the Montreal Canadiens playing each other for the top junior prize. The Junior Canadiens defeated the Regina Pats in a game series by 4 games to 1. In 1955, the Quebec Junior Hockey League disbanded, with the Canadiens as the sole-survivor of the league, they elected to play an independent schedule but still compete in the Laurier Cup seasonal tournament with the teams of the OHA. The Canadiens would win the Laurier Cup that year, outplaying the best of the OHA, the Canadiens entered the Richardson Trophy playdowns as an independent team, but lost in the finals to the OHAs Toronto Marlboros 4-games-to-3 with 1 tie. In 1956, their parent team moved them to the Capital Region under the name Ottawa-Hull Canadiens, the Jr. Habs would play a series of games against the OHA, the Quebec Hockey League, and the OHA Senior A League to prepare for the playoffs. The Canadiens finished second in the Laurier Cup to the Toronto Marlboros, the Canadiens would have a great season, win the George Richardson Memorial Trophy as Eastern Canadian Junior A champions, but lose the 1957 Memorial Cup in seven games to the Flin Flon Bombers. In 1957, the Canadiens would win the Laurier Cup for the time of its four-year existence. This time around, the Canadiens would win the 1958 Memorial Cup by defeating the Regina Pats in five games, in 1958, the Canadiens dropped their series with the OHA as the Laurier Cup was abolished. They joined the OHA Senior A League as a member instead. With a mixed Senior/Junior roster, the Canadiens would finish third in the OHA Senior Leagues Eastern League, the junior portion of the squad moved on to the Richardson Trophy playdowns, where it lost the final to Peterborough Petes. In 1959, the Eastern Professional Hockey League formed the Hull-Ottawa Canadiens in the region, to avoid conflict with the new club, the Jr. Habs were moved to become the Brockville Canadiens and joined the Metropolitan Montreal Junior Hockey League. Their players still maintained affiliation with the Pro Canadiens and often played for both teams, the Canadiens dominated their new league with a 25-1-0 record and participated in the Quebec Junior championships instead of the leagues playoffs
11.
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League
–
The Quebec Major Junior Hockey League is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is often referred to as The Q. The league comprises teams across the provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Since the departure of the Lewiston Maineiacs from Lewiston, Maine, the current Commissioner of the QMJHL is Gilles Courteau. The Presidents Cup is the trophy of the league. The QMJHL champion then goes on to compete in the Memorial Cup against the OHL and WHL champions, the QMJHL had traditionally adopted a rapid and offensive style of hockey. Former QMJHL players hold many of the Canadian Hockey Leagues career, Hockey Hall of Fame alumni of the QMJHL include Mario Lemieux, Guy Lafleur, Ray Bourque, Pat LaFontaine, Mike Bossy, Denis Savard, Michel Goulet, Luc Robitaille, and goaltender Patrick Roy. The Rosemont National and Laval Saints transferred from the MMJHL, most of the teams were within a few hours drive of Montreal. From the first season in 1969–70, only Shawinigan remains in the city with an uninterrupted history. In 1972 the QMJHL had been in operation for three years, and wanted a team in the provinces largest city and it threatened a lawsuit to force the Montreal Junior Canadiens of the Ontario Hockey Association into the Quebec-based league. The OHA then reactivated the suspended franchise for the 1973–74 season in Kingston, Ontario, under new ownership and with new players, starting in 1994, the QMJHL began to expand further east, outside of Quebec. Teams in Atlantic Canada comprise the entire Eastern Division of the QMJHL, in recent seasons, the QMJHL has been scouting players from the Atlantic Canada region along with a surge in players coming out of the New England area. This is a list of Canadian Hockey League career and single season records accomplished by QMJHL players, East, Quebec City Remparts, Shawinigan Bruins, Drummondville Rangers, Sorel Éperviers, Trois-Rivières Ducs, and Sherbrooke Castors. West, Saint-Jérôme Alouettes, Cornwall Royals, Rosemont National, Verdun Maple Leafs, 1971- Rosemont National move to Laval. 1972- The Saint-Jérôme Alouettes and the Verdun Maple Leafs fold, the Montreal Junior Canadiens franchise of the OHA transfers to QMJHL, becoming the Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge. 1973- League split into two divisions, East, Sorel, Quebec, Shawinigan, Trois-Rivières, Chicoutimi, West, Cornwall, Montreal, Sherbrooke, Laval, Drummondville, Hull. Chicoutimi Saguenéens, and the Hull Festivals granted franchises, 1974- Drummondville Rangers fold, Trois-Rivières Ducs become Trois-Rivières Draveurs. 1975- Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge became Montreal Juniors, 1976- Hull Festivals became Hull Olympiques
12.
Ontario Hockey League
–
The Ontario Hockey League is one of the three major junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is for players aged 16–21, the league was formed in 1933 with the partition of Junior A and B. In 1970, the OHA Junior A League was one of five Junior A leagues operating in Ontario, the OHA was promoted to Tier I Junior A for the 1970-71 season and took up the name Ontario Major Junior Hockey League. In 1980, the league walked away from Ontario Hockey Association governance with the creation of the Canadian Major Junior Hockey League, from 1974 until 1978, Clarence Tubby Schmalz was the leagues commissioner. Then, for one season, former IHL commissioner Bill Beagan served as commissioner of the OMJHL, beginning with the 1979-80 season, David Branch has been the Commissioner of the OHL. Branch was appointed on August 11,1979, and assumed the role on September 17,1979. Since 1980 the league has grown rapidly into a marketable product, with many games broadcast on television. There are currently 20 teams in the OHL,17 are based in the Canadian province of Ontario, leagues for ice hockey in Ontario were first organized in 1890 by the newly created Ontario Hockey Association. In 1892 the OHA recognized junior hockey - referring to skill rather than age, in 1896 the OHA moved to the modern age-limited junior hockey concept, distinct from senior and intermediate divisions. Since then the evolution to the Ontario Hockey League has developed four distinct eras of junior-aged non-professional hockey in Ontario. In 1933, the division was divided into two levels, Junior A and Junior B. In 1970 the Junior A level was divided into two levels, Tier I and Tier II, in 1974 the Tier I/Major Junior A group separated from the OHA and became the independent Ontario Major Junior Hockey League. In 1980, the OMJHL became the Ontario Hockey League, the 20 OHL clubs play a 68-game unbalanced schedule, which starts in the third full week of September, running until the third week of March. Ninety percent of OHL games are scheduled between Thursday and Sunday to minimize the number of school days missed for its players. Approximately 20% of players on active rosters in the National Hockey League have come from the OHL, the J. Ross Robertson Cup is awarded annually to the winner of the Championship Series. The Cup is named for John Ross Robertson, who was president of the Ontario Hockey Association from 1901 to 1905, the OHL playoffs consist of the top 16 teams in the league,8 from each conference. The teams play a game series, and the winner of each series advances to the next round. The final two teams compete for the J. Ross Robertson Cup
13.
Nova Scotia Voyageurs
–
The Nova Scotia Voyageurs were a professional ice hockey team, based in Halifax, Nova Scotia. They played in the American Hockey League, from 1971 to 1984, originally chartered as the Houston Apollos of the Central Hockey League, the organization was relocated to Montreal after five seasons due to low attendance and travel costs. The Voyageurs played their first two seasons, as the Montreal Voyageurs and were the affiliate of the National Hockey Leagues Montreal Canadiens, in 1971, they relocated to Halifax, Nova Scotia. They were the first AHL team to be located in Atlantic Canada, the team eventually moved to Sherbrooke, Quebec to become the Sherbrooke Canadiens. The Vees won three Calder Cups, the first in 1972, the team was replaced in Halifax by the Nova Scotia Oilers, an affiliate of the Edmonton Oilers and subsequently the Halifax Citadels, an affiliate of the Quebec Nordiques. With the success of the Voyageurs in its existence of 13 seasons and this was largely due to the desire of several Canadian NHL franchises to continue to pay players sent down to the minors in Canadian dollars throughout the 1980s and 1990s. However, by the late 1990s, many of the remaining AHL teams in Atlantic Canada had disappeared, either by relocation or by the franchise being rendered dormant. The last remaining team in this period would be the St. Johns Maple Leafs. The AHL did not return to Atlantic Canada until 2011 with the St. Johns IceCaps, al MacNeil - 1971–72 to 1976–77 Frank St
14.
American Hockey League
–
The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League. Twenty-seven AHL teams are located in the United States and the three are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is David Andrews, the annual playoff champion is awarded the Calder Cup, named for Frank Calder, the first President of the NHL. The reigning champions are the Lake Erie Monsters, the AHL traces its origins directly to two predecessor professional leagues, the Canadian-American Hockey League, founded in 1926, and the first International Hockey League, established in 1929. With both leagues down to the minimum in membership, the governors of each recognized the need for action to assure their member clubs long-term survival. Their solution was to play an interlocking schedule, while the Can-Am was based in the Northeast and the IHL in the Great Lakes and Midwest, their footprints were close enough for this to be a viable option. The two older leagues eight surviving clubs began joint play in November 1936 as a new circuit of mutual convenience known as the International-American Hockey League. The four Can-Am teams became the I-AHL East Division, with the IHL quartet playing as the West Division. The IHL also contributed its former championship trophy, the F. G. Teddy Oke Trophy, the Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular-season winners of the AHLs Northeast Division. A little more than a month into that first season, the balance, the makeshift new I-AHL played out the rest of its first season with just seven teams. At the end of the 1936–37 season, a modified playoff format was devised and a new championship trophy. The Syracuse Stars defeated the Philadelphia Ramblers in the final, three-games-to-one, the Calder Cup continues on today as the AHLs playoff championship trophy. After two seasons of interlocking play, the governors of the two leagues seven active teams met in New York City on June 28,1938, maurice Podoloff of New Haven, the former head of the Can-Am League, was elected the I-AHLs first president. The former IHL president, John Chick of Windsor, Ontario, the Bears remain the only one of these eight original I-AHL/AHL franchises to have been represented in the league without interruption since the 1938–39 season. The newly merged circuit also increased its schedule for each team by six games from 48 to 54. After the 1939–40 season the I-AHL renamed itself the American Hockey League and it generally enjoyed both consistent success on the ice and relative financial stability over its first three decades of operation. The number of teams competing for players rose from six to thirty in just seven years. Player salaries at all levels shot up dramatically with the increased demand and this did not seem to affect the AHL at first, as it expanded to 12 teams by 1970
15.
Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge
–
The Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League from 1972 to 1975. They played at the Montreal Forum, the Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge were the result of several years of disputes between the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and the Ontario Hockey Association. In 1972 the QMJHL threatened a lawsuit to force the Montreal Junior Canadiens to return to the Quebec-based league, over the summer of 1972, the Junior Canadiens ownership were granted one-year suspension of operations by the OHA. The QMJHL then allowed team ownership to transfer the team and its players into the QMJHL for the 1972-73 season, to avoid litigation from the OHA by using the Junior Canadiens name, the team was renamed Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge. Neither the team nor any of its players would return to the OHA, the Bleu Blanc Rouge played for three seasons in the shadow of the Montreal Canadiens, before being renamed Montreal Juniors. Norm Dupont is the points leader for the Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge. He played 142 games, scoring 139 goals and 144 assists, jean-Luc Phaneuf is a close 2nd place. In 187 games he scored 104 goals and 172 assists for 276 points, nonetheless, the Bleu Blanc Rouge graduated 16 players to the NHL in only 3 years of play. 1972-1973 Lost to Cornwall Royals 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals, 1973-1974 Defeated Sherbrooke Castors 4 games to 1 in quarter-finals. Lost to Sorel Eperviers 4 games to 0 in semi-finals, 1974-1975 Defeated Cornwall Royals 4 games to 0 in quarter-finals. Lost to Laval National 4 games to 1 in semi-finals
16.
Montreal Juniors
–
The Montreal Juniors were a junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League from 1975 to 1982. They played at the Montreal Forum, the Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge were renamed in 1975, becoming the Montreal Juniors. The most famous graduate from the team is Denis Savard, the team played for seven seasons as the Montreal Juniors before moving to Verdun. Two members of the Montreal Juniors would be enshrined in the HHOF, one of them played for the Juniors, the other was one of the teams coaches. Denis Savard was a superstar and centreman, who played three seasons with the Juniors racking up 455 points in three years. He would go on to many years for the Chicago Blackhawks. Jacques Laperrière was a defenseman, part of many Montreal Canadiens championship teams, after retiring as a player, Laperrière took on the position of coach of the Montreal Juniors prior to the 1975-76 season. Partway through the year he resigned, as the pressure. 1975-1976 Lost to Cornwall Royals 4 games to 2 in quarter-finals, 1976-1977 Defeated Chicoutimi Saguenéens 9 points to 7 in quarter-finals. Lost to Quebec Remparts 9 points to 1 in semi-finals, 1977-1978 Defeated Verdun Eperviers 8 points to 0 in quarter-finals. Defeated Cornwall Royals 8 points to 2 in semi-finals, Lost to Trois-Rivières Draveurs 8 points to 0 in finals. 1978-1979 Defeated Quebec Remparts 8 points to 4 in quarter-finals, Lost to Trois-Rivières Draveurs 8 points to 2 in semi-finals. 1979-1980 Defeated Quebec Remparts 4 games to 1 in quarter-finals, Lost to Sherbrook Castors 4 games to 1 in semi-finals. 1980-1981 Lost to Trois-Rivières 4 games to 3 in quarter-finals, 1981-1982 Eliminated by finishing 7th place in an 8 team round-robin
17.
Montreal Manic
–
Montreal Manic were a professional soccer team based in Montreal that played in the North American Soccer League. Le Manic as they were called by the locals, were Montreals first professional team since the NASLs Montreal Olympique folded in 1973. The Montreal Manic competed from 1981 to 1983, with their home field being the Montreal Olympic Stadium, previous to Montreal, the team played as the Philadelphia Fury from 1978 through 1980. The new direction of the team meant many of the players who originated from foreign countries would be let go. More importantly, the team was allegedly in financial trouble despite the fact that the Manic had some of the highest attendances in the NASL, reports indicated that during the first two seasons, the Manic lacked profitability as they had lost $7 million. com
18.
National Historic Sites of Canada
–
Parks Canada, a federal agency, manages the National Historic Sites program. As of 2016, there are 976 National Historic Sites,171 of which are administered by Parks Canada, the sites are located across all ten provinces and three territories, with two sites located in France. There are related federal designations for National Historic Persons and National Historic Events, Sites, Events, and Persons are each typically marked by a federal plaque, but the markers do not indicate which designation a subject has been given. The Rideau Canal is a National Historic Site, while the Welland Canal is a National Historic Event, emerging Canadian nationalist sentiment in the late 19th century and early 20th century led to an increased interest in preserving Canadas historic sites. There were galvanizing precedents in other countries, in the United Kingdom, the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty was created in 1894 to protect that countrys historic and natural heritage. Domestically, Lord Dufferin, the Governor General from 1872 to 1878, initiated some of the earliest, high-profile efforts to preserve Canadas historic sites. He was instrumental in stopping the demolition of the fortifications of Quebec City, at the same time, the federal government was looking for ways to extend the National Park system to Eastern Canada. In 1914, the Parks Branch undertook a survey of sites in Canada. Fort Howe in Saint John, New Brunswick was designated a historic park in 1914. The fort was not a site of significant national historic importance, Fort Anne in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia was also designated in 1917. At the same time, the Department of Militia and Defence was anxious to transfer old forts, harkin, the first Commissioner of Dominion Parks, to develop a departmental heritage policy. On Harkins recommendation, the government created the Advisory Board for Historic Site Preservation in 1919 in order to advise the Minister on a new program of National Historic Sites. Brigadier General Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, an authority on the War of 1812 and the history of Ontario, was chosen as the Boards first chairman. Due to a lack of resources, the HSMBC limited itself to recommending sites for designation, of the 285 National Historic Sites designated by 1943,105 represented military history,52 represented the fur trade and exploration, and 43 represented famous individuals. There was also a strong bias in favour of commemorating sites in Ontario over other parts of the country, at one point, some members of the HSMBC concluded that there were no sites at all in Prince Edward Island worthy of designation. Lawrence, and in Niagara, promoting a loyalist doctrine of unity with Britain. Proposals to designate sites related to the immigration of Jews, Blacks and Ukrainians to Canada were rejected, such was the view of Canadian history by the Board in the first half of the 20th century. As time passed and the system grew, the scope of the program, by the 1930s, the focus of the heritage movement in Canada had shifted from commemoration to preservation and development
19.
French language
–
French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages, French has evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues doïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to Frances past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, a French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is a language in 29 countries, most of which are members of la francophonie. As of 2015, 40% of the population is in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas. French is the fourth-most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union, 1/5 of Europeans who do not have French as a mother tongue speak French as a second language. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 17th and 18th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. In 2015, French was estimated to have 77 to 110 million native speakers, approximately 274 million people are able to speak the language. The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie estimates 700 million by 2050, in 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese. Under the Constitution of France, French has been the language of the Republic since 1992. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called Romandie, of which Geneva is the largest city. French is the language of about 23% of the Swiss population. French is also a language of Luxembourg, Monaco, and Aosta Valley, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. A plurality of the worlds French-speaking population lives in Africa and this number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050, French is the fastest growing language on the continent. French is mostly a language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages, sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth
20.
Indoor arena
–
An arena is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events. The word derives from Latin harena, a particularly fine/smooth sand used to absorb blood in ancient arenas such as the Colosseum in Rome and it is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators. The key feature of an arena is that the event space is the lowest point, arenas are usually designed to accommodate a large number of spectators. The term arena is used as a synonym for a very large venue such as Pasadenas Rose Bowl. The use of one term over the other has mostly to do with the type of event, the home of the Duke University mens and womens basketball teams would qualify as an arena, but the facility is called Cameron Indoor Stadium. Domed stadiums, which, like arenas, are enclosed but have the larger playing surfaces, such examples of these would be terms such as the arena of war or the arena of love or the political arena. In many fighting games, the stage that opponents are fought in is called an arena. Ice hockey arena Amphitheatre List of indoor arenas by capacity List of stadiums by capacity
21.
Cabot Square, Montreal
–
Cabot Square is an urban square in Montreal, Quebec, Canada between the former Montreal Forum and the former Montreal Childrens Hospital. The square is located in the Shaughnessy Village neighbourhood, an area which has been recently re-dubbed the Quartier des Grands Jardins and has been slated for redevelopment. It is one of three statues of John Cabot in Canada, the others are found at Confederation Building in St. Johns, NF, two other statues of Cabot are both found in Bristol, England. The square opened in 1870 and the monument to Italian-born English explorer John Cabot and it takes the form of an urban green space and may otherwise be described as a park, though its status as a public square means there is a generally unenforceable curfew. It is also the location of the STMs Atwater Terminus, with bus routes connecting to the Métro station located nearby. A shelter and access point to the Underground City, Montreal can be found at the Northwestern corner of the square, the square is well-used but generally by a population of homeless or otherwise impoverished people. It remains a destination for members of those groups wishing to drink alcohol outdoors. For this reason there is generally a visible police and public security presence in the area, of late, installation artwork and conceptual sculptures have been integrated into the square as part of a broad urban beautification plan. In late summer/early fall 2013, the city began a cleanup of the square including, cleaning the statue of Cabot, pruning the trees. The Pokémon Go augmented reality game has placed a high concentration of points of interest in and around the square, Cabot Tower Cabot Trail Document de lexposition sur le Square Cabot et son quartier
22.
Canada
–
Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
23.
Brookfield Office Properties
–
Brookfield Office Properties Inc. is a North American commercial real estate company, wholly owned by Brookfield Property Partners. The company has its headquarters operations in New York, Toronto, the company owns, manages and develops office properties in the downtown core of the American cities of New York City, New York, Washington, D. C. It also operates real estate service businesses and has a land-development business primarily based in Canada, the companys roots go back to the 1900s in Montreal, Quebec. It was known then as the Canadian Arena Company, in a partnership with Toronto investors, it built the Arena Gardens in Toronto. In the 1920s, it built the Montreal Forum, from 1935 to 1957, the company owned the Montreal Canadiens National Hockey League club. The company was acquired by Edper Investments in 1970, in the 1970s, when the company was known as Carena Properties, it expanded its business into commercial real estate. After the Montreal Forum closed, the Forum was sold to competitor Canderel Properties, in 1990, Brookfield acquired a 50% interest in a portfolio of office properties in Toronto, Denver and Minneapolis from BCE Development Corporation. In 1994, this holding was increased to 100% and included BCE Place, now Brookfield Place, Brookfield Properties flagship office complex in Toronto. Brookfield lost out to Silverstein Properties, Inc. on the lease of the World Trade Center in New York City, in 2005 it acquired O&Y Properties Corporation and O&Y Real Estate Investment Trust, the revived and once power house of Olympia and York. In 2006, the company acquired Trizec Properties, which was founded in 1960 by William Zeckendorf, on Earth Day on April 22,2010, the company was listed as one of Canadas The Green 30 Organizations Based On Eco-Friendly Programs and Practices based on an employee poll. Brookfield Office Properties Inc. became the dominant office landlord in the Los Angeless financial district after acquiring MPG Office Trust Inc. As one of the wealthiest real estate companies in the country, they began to aggressively seek tenants in the technology, MPG had been one of Southern Californias most prominent real estate developers and a longtime L. A. office tower owner. They were known as a builder of top-quality office space in Southern California for decades after being founded by Robert F. Maguire in the 1960s, the MPG buildings they acquired include the Gas Company Tower and the Wells Fargo Tower on Bunker Hill. In June,2014, Brookfield Property Partners completed their acquisition of Brookfield Office Properties, BPO common shares were de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange as of June 10,2014, and from the New York Stock Exchange on June 20,2014. Brookfield Property Partners is now the owner of all of the issued. On November 15,2011, at around 1,00 a. m. the NYPD went in and cleared the park citing alleged health, later that morning, Judge Lucy Billings issued a court order for the NYPD to allow the protesters back into the park. That injunction was lifted by the NY Supreme Court and the police were allowed to keep the park cleared of tents at the request of Brookfield Properties. Brookfield Condominium Services Ltd. – a leading condominium management corporation in the greater Toronto area Brookfield Residential Properties Inc. – a developer and homebuilder in North America, list of real estate companies of Canada Boston Properties Silverstein Properties Inc
24.
Atwater Avenue
–
Atwater Avenue is a major north-south street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It links Doctor Penfield Avenue in the Ville-Marie borough to the north and it is named for Edwin Atwater. The street runs through the Atwater Tunnel near the Atwater Market in Saint-Henri, the Montreal Forum, Place Alexis-Nihon, Dawson College, Atwater and Lionel-Groulx stations of the Montreal Metro, and the Atwater Market are located on this street. Below downtown Montreal, it runs through the Little Burgundy district and, by way of the Atwater Tunnel under the Lachine Canal and it is named after Edwin Atwater. It was in 1871, that Montreal City Council named the street after Atwater
25.
Saint Catherine Street
–
Saint Catherine Street is the primary commercial artery of Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The street runs parallel to the largest segments of Montreals underground city, the series of interconnected office tower basements and shopping complexes that make up this main thoroughfare lie immediately north of the street. Educational institutions located on or near the street include Concordia University, McGill University, Université du Québec à Montréal, Dawson College, Saint Catherine Street has been home to many of Montreals prominent department stores, including such former retailers as Eatons, Morgans, Simpsons and Dupuis Freres. Today, the Morgans building is home to Hudsons Bay Company, the Simpsons building is now shared by the La Maison Simons department store and a multiplex cinema, while Eatons was converted to the Complexe Les Ailes. Dupuis Frères, located further east at Saint Catherine and Saint Hubert, is now a shopping mall, the Ogilvys department store remains a fixture on Saint Catherine Street, although it is now a collection of boutiques rather than a single store. The Montreal Forum, once home to the Montreal Canadiens, is located on Saint Catherine Street at Atwater Street. It has since turned into a shopping and movie theatre complex called the Pepsi Forum. Due to the Forums presence on this street, Saint Catherine was used as the parade route whenever the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup. This was once referred to as the route by Mayor Jean Drapeau, during the Canadiens dynasties of the mid-century. The segment in the district of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is also an important commercial area in that neighbourhood, for one weekend in July every year, Saint Catherine Street hosts Canadas largest open-air sidewalk sale. 2 km of the street between Jeanne-Mance Street and St. Mark is closed to traffic, and vendors from nearby shopping centres bring out their sale merchandise, there is also live entertainment along the street. It is estimated that over 300,000 people visit the downtown during this event, bus service is provided by the STMs 15 Sainte-Catherine and 34 Sainte-Catherine which both operate 7 days a week. Montreals Place des Arts, the primary concert venue, is located on Saint Catherine Jeanne-Mance and Saint-Urbain streets. Other churches on the street include St. James the Apostle Anglican Church, a Gay Village extends along Sainte-Catherine Street in the east end of downtown, between Saint-Hubert and Papineau. Beaudry Metro station, on the Green Line, provides the most convenient access to the Village, summer is also punctuated with special events and festivals such as the art festival FIMA, Festival International Montréal en arts, Pride Celebrations and Divers/Cité. The strip clubs which made their home on Saint Catherine have now declined in number, though a few prominent clubs, such as Supersexe and Super Contact, remain
26.
Atwater station
–
Atwater is a station on the Green Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system operated by the Société de transport de Montréal. It is located on the border between the city of Westmount and the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The station opened on October 14,1966, as part of the network of the Metro. Designed by David, Boulva et Cleve, it is a side platform station. It has a mezzanine with ticket barriers on either end. It has underground city connections to the Place Alexis Nihon, Westmount Square, the station is equipped with the MétroVision information screens which displays news, commercials, and the time till the next train. This station is named for Atwater Avenue, named for Edwin Atwater, the street was named for him in 1871. com — photos, information, and trivia 2011 STM System Map 2011 Downtown System Map Metro Map
27.
Stanley Cup
–
The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey
28.
Boston Garden
–
Boston Garden was an arena in Boston, United States. It was above North Station, a station which was originally a hub for the Boston and Maine Railroad and is now a hub for MBTA Commuter Rail. It was also used as a hall for political rallies such as the speech by John F. Kennedy in November 1960. Boston Garden was demolished in 1998, three years after the completion of its new arena, TD Garden. The Gardens first event was on November 17,1928, a card headlined by Boston Native Honey Boy Dick Finnegans defeat of Andre Routis. The first team sporting event was three days later, an ice hockey game between the Bruins and the archrival Montreal Canadiens, won by the Canadiens 1–0. The game was attended by 17,000 fans,2,000 over capacity, the game started 25 minutes late. Windows and doors were broken by the fans in the action, the first non-sporting event, a conclave featuring evangelist Rodney Gipsy Smith, was held on March 24,1929. During the Boston Gardens early years, the arena was owned by the Boston and Maine Corporation and controlled by Rickard, in 1934, the Madison Square Garden Corporation sold its interest in the Boston Garden to the Boston Arena Corporation, led by Henry G. Lapham. This resulted in the creation of the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation, george V. Brown served as general manager of the Garden under the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation until his death in 1937, when he was succeeded by his son, Walter A. Brown. During the early years of the Boston Garden, the main draws were boxing, wrestling. Johnny Indrisano, Lou Brouillard, Ernie Schaaf, Al Mello, wrestling became big due to the popularity of Gus Sonnenberg. Sonnenberg defeated Ed Strangler Lewis at the Garden in 1929 in a fight that set a record for a wrestling match. Paul Bowser promoted wrestling in Boston at this time and when the sport began to lose popularity, OMahony became a popular draw at the Garden. The Garden suffered economically during the Great Depression, during this period Sonja Henies Hollywood Ice Revue and the Ice Follies were successful draws and kept the Garden afloat. In 1939, a dispute between Henie and her managers led Walter Brown and eight other arena managers to found the Ice Capades. It was famous as the hotel of choice for people attending Garden events, and by 1958 had been purchased by the Boston and Maine Railroad, and renamed the Hotel Madison. The permanently closed black-painted skyway doors on the Gardens west-facing exterior after the hotels closure, the Tip ONeill Federal Building now stands on the site of the former hotel
29.
Chicago Stadium
–
Chicago Stadium was an indoor arena located in Chicago. It opened in 1929, and closed in 1994, the Stadium hosted the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL from 1929–1994 and the Chicago Bulls of the NBA from 1967–1994. The stadium was first proposed by Chicago sports promoter Paddy Harmon, Harmon wanted to bring an NHL team to Chicago, but he lost out to Col. Frederic McLaughlin. This team would soon be known as the Chicago Black Hawks, Harmon then went on to at least try to get some control over the team by building a stadium for the Blackhawks to play in. He spent $2.5 million and borrowed funds from friends. Opened on March 28,1929 at a cost of $9.5 million, detroits Olympia stadium, built two years earlier, was a model for the Chicago stadium and had a capacity of over 15,000 people. It was also the first arena with an air conditioning system, the Stadium sat 17,317 for hockey at the time of closure. Standees were allowed for many years, and often the official figures in the published game summaries were given in round numbers. The largest recorded crowd for an NHL game at the stadium was 20,069 for a game between the Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars on April 10,1982. Melgard played for decades during hockey games there, earning the Stadium the moniker The Madhouse on Madison, for years, it was also known as The Loudest Arena in the NBA, due to its barn-shaped features. Thats the kind of place Chicago Stadium is right now, the dressing rooms at the Stadium were placed underneath the seats, and the cramped corridor that led to the ice, with its twenty-two steps, became the stuff of legend. Legend has it a German Shepherd wandered the bowels at night as the security team. In the 1973 Stanley Cup Final against Montreal, Chicago owner Bill Wirtz had the NHLs first goal horn installed in the building and it also became traditional for Blackhawk fans to cheer loudly throughout the singing of the national anthems, especially when sung by Chicago favorite Wayne Messmer. Denizens of the second balcony often added sparklers and flags to the occasion, arguably, the most memorable of these was the singing before the 1991 NHL All-Star Game, which took place during the Gulf War. This tradition has continued at the United Center, longtime PA announcer Harvey Wittenberg had a unique monotone style, Blackhawk goal scored by #9, Bobby Hull, unassisted, at 6,13. In 1992, both the Blackhawks and the Bulls reached the finals in their respective leagues, the Blackhawks last won the Stanley Cup at the Stadium in 1938, they did not win the Cup again at home until 2015 at the United Center. It was also the last NHL arena to retain the use of an analog dial-type large four-sided clock for timekeeping in professional hockey games, the difficulty was compounded on the main central dial from the aforementioned minute and sweep-second hands being in constant motion during gameplay. The Sports Timers only digital displays were for scoring and for penalized players numbers, each comprising a six-high
30.
Bell Centre
–
The Bell Centre, formerly known as the Molson Centre, is a sports and entertainment complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It opened on March 16,1996, after three years under construction. It is best known as the home of the National Hockey Leagues Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team and it is currently owned by a partnership group headed by Geoff Molson and his brothers, Andrew and Justin. The same ownership group also owns the Montreal Canadiens and Evenko, since it opened in 1996, it has consistently been listed as one of the worlds busiest arenas, usually receiving the highest attendance of any arena in Canada. In 2012, it was the fifth-busiest arena in the based on ticket sales for non-sporting events. Construction began on the site on June 22,1993, almost two weeks after the Canadiens defeated the Los Angeles Kings at the Forum for their 24th and most recent Stanley Cup. The name of the arena initially reflected Molson, Inc. a brewing company which was owner of the Canadiens at the time. Molson elected not to keep the rights when they sold the team. The renovations, which are not expected to interfere with operations, have a budget of $100 million. Bell Centre is located in downtown Montreal, near the corner of Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal, the Lucien LAllier station, to which it is connected, is next door on that corner. In addition it is located across the street from the 1250 René-Lévesque skyscraper and it is easily accessible by public transportation, as it is linked to both Lucien-LAllier and Bonaventure Metro stations. It is also connected to the city and Central Station. The building covers an area of 1.568 hectares or 3.87 acres and it has a seating capacity of 21,288, making it the largest hockey arena in the world. It also holds four restaurants, the most popular being La Cage aux Sports, madame Diane Bibeau plays the organ on Saturday nights. A new scoreboard was installed prior of the 2008-2009 season, the new scoreboard consists of four 510 square foot video panels. It was the biggest in the NHL until 2012 when Tampa Bay installed their new scoreboard and it is one of only two NHL arenas that uses an old-style siren to mark the end of periods instead of a horn, the other is TD Garden in Boston. Each siren was inherited from each arenas predecessor facility in case, coming from the disused Montreal Forum. Unlike most North American arenas, which have generally been designed by Populous and its predecessors, Bell Centre was designed by a local consortium, the grandstands are sloped steeply, to improve sight lines
31.
TD Garden
–
TD Garden, often called Boston Garden and The Garden, is a multi-purpose arena in Boston. It is named after its sponsor, TD Bank, a subsidiary of Canadas Toronto-Dominion Bank and it opened in 1995 as a replacement for the original Boston Garden and has been known as Shawmut Center, FleetCenter, and TD Banknorth Garden. TD Garden is the arena for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League. It is owned by Delaware North, whose CEO, Jeremy Jacobs and it is the site of the annual Beanpot college hockey tournament, and hosts the annual Hockey East Championships. It is located directly above Bostons North Station, as early as the late 1970s, the team was looking for a new arena. The team nearly moved to Salem, New Hampshire around where Rockingham Park is today and that fell through and the Bruins continued to reside in Boston Garden. In 1985, Boston Garden owner Delaware North was awarded the rights to construct a new arena by the Boston Redevelopment Authority, however, poor economic conditions delayed the project. That December, a bill approving construction of the new arena was killed in the Massachusetts Senate by Senate President William M. Bulger.5 million in linkage payments. Two weeks later, after a new series of negotiations, the two finally came to an agreement, and on February 26 the Legislature passed a bill that allowed for construction of a new sports arena. Construction began on April 29,1993, plans for the new arena stated that it would be slightly north of the old facility. The term slightly north ended up meaning there was only nine inches of space between the two buildings when construction was completed. The site for the new arena occupied 3.2 acres, ground was broken on April 29,1993. In 27 months, quick by todays standards, the arena was built and that included seven weeks of delay caused by heavy snowfall. The Shawmut Center opened on September 30,1995, when constructed to replace the aging Boston Garden, the arena was called the FleetCenter. The arena opened on September 30,1995, during the construction phase, the naming rights to the New Garden were sold to a major Boston-based regional bank, Shawmut Bank. However, just as the Shawmut Center was being completed, the New Gardens sponsor, shortly before the new arena opened, every seat, which had been stamped with the Shawmut logo, had to be replaced. Also, the color scheme for the interior had to be adjusted from Shawmuts blue-and-white to Fleets green-and-gold. The name of the arena was expected to change as a result of the April 1,2004 merger of FleetBoston Financial with Bank of America
32.
Rainforest Cafe
–
Rainforest Cafe is a themed restaurant chain owned by Landrys, Inc. of Houston. It was founded by entrepreneur Steven Schussler, the first location opened in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, on February 3,1994. By 1997, the chain consisted of six restaurants, all in the United States, in 1998, it was planned to build 12 additional restaurants in the United States, seven in Mexico, and five in the UK, for a total of 22 restaurants by 2008. In 2000, the Rainforest Cafe was bought by Landrys Restaurants Inc. a company specializing in dining, hospitality, entertainment, to date, the company owns restaurants in the United States, Canada, France, the United Kingdom, the U. A. E. Rainforest Cafe focuses on tourism for a majority of their income. Most locations also have themed exteriors as well as interiors, the Rainforest Cafe in Disney Springs, Orlando, located under a large artificial volcano which erupts during the simulated thunderstorms. Others, such as the locations in Atlantic City, Anaheim, Mall locations usually have waterfalls and simulated plant growth outside of them, visible to those who pass in the mall. Nearly all locations have a pond, usually with a moving crocodile figure. The restaurants are partitioned into rooms by means of rain curtains that fall into basins running along the tops of partition walls and booths. Most locations have two connected, but at the Walt Disney World locations, three tanks are connected. One portion of most locations includes a bar located underneath an enormous mushroom, the chain is known for its characteristic bar stools, made to resemble the legs of animals, designed and sculpted by the artist Glenn Carter. There is usually a ceiling in the middle of the restaurant. Rainforest themed merchandise is sold in the shop, mostly printed by the Atlanta-based fashion apparel company. Toys including stuffed toys and action figures of the restaurant mascots are sold as well, Rainforest Cafe also has a set of mascots, called The Wild Bunch. Cha. the red eye tree frog, Iggy, the iguana, Nile, the crocodile, Rio, a macaw, Maya, the leopard, Tuki, the elephant, Bamba, the gorilla, Ozzie, the orangutan. These eight characters may be represented on childrens menus, merchandise, to enhance the theme, some of the animals are animatronic, manufactured by Russells Creative, LLC of Apopka, Florida, formerly UCFab International. Nearly all locations have elephants, tigers, gorillas, jaguars, snakes, elephants are typically found in a pair consisting of an adult and young. These face diners from, like most animatronics, an area from a wall
33.
Edward Wentworth Beatty
–
Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty GBE KC was the first Canadian-born President of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was responsible for building the Royal York Hotel and RMS Empress of Britain and he helped establish Canadian Pacific Air Lines. During World War II, he co-ordinated Canadian shipping and rail transport before ill health forced him to retire and he was Chancellor of Queens University and Chancellor of McGill University. A lifelong philanthropist, on his death he left half of his estate to charity and he left his home in the Golden Square Mile to McGill, which is today known as Chancellor Beatty Hall. Born at Thorold, Ontario, he was the son of Henry Beatty, Beattys grandfather emigrated to Thorold from Ireland with his brother in 1835, purchasing land on which they built a Grist mill, leather tannery and sawmill. By 1863, the Beattys had purchased the Parry Sound estate to add to the supplies needed for their enterprises at Thorold. Henry Beatty was described as a man of unusual ability and vision, qualities that his son, Edward. Edward Beatty was educated at Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto, for the next three years he articled with the Toronto law firm of McCarthy, Osler, Hoskin & Creelman. Beattys lifetime ambition had been to become a judge, and he at first refused the significant promotion. He was the first Canadian-born president of the CPR, a position he held until his death in 1943, and assumed the monumental task of managing the destiny of the great railway and steamship line. Lord Mount Stephen was seen as the organizer of the CPR, Sir William Van Horne as the builder, Lord Shaughnessy as the expander, and Sir Edward Beatty as the modernizer. During his term as president, Beatty was involved in building the Royal York Hotel, Edward Beatty saw the CPR through peak periods as well as the depression. In the boom years the CPR spent many millions in improving its enormous, Edward Beatty was always a believer in the great future of the Canadian West, and he was an inspiration to young Canada. He was best known as Chancellor of McGill University, a position he held from 1921 until his death, in 1919, Beatty had been elected Chancellor of Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, retiring in 1923. He was elected a member of the Corporation of Bishops University in Lennoxville, from 1927 he served as a governor of Lower Canada College in Montreal and was Chairman of the Rhodes Scholarship selection committee for the Province of Quebec. His home on Pine Avenue in the Golden Square Mile of Montreal has since been named Chancellor Beatty Hall and is now part of McGill University and he was also an early and enthusiastic supporter and donator to Martha Allans Montreal Repertory Theatre. Honorary degrees were conferred on him by leading universities in Canada, Ireland, Scotland, internationally these included Trinity College, Dublin, University of St Andrews, Dartmouth College and New York University. On the outbreak of World War II, Beatty had the CPR fighting fit and he placed its full resources at the disposal of the country and the British Empire, and it delivered
34.
Canadian Pacific Railway
–
The Canadian Pacific Railway, also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881. The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a restructuring in 2001. Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately 20,000 kilometres of track all across Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, the railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885, fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871. It was Canadas first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast, the CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position it held as late as 1975. Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978, a beaver was chosen as the railways logo because it is the national symbol of Canada and was seen as representing the hardworking character of the company. The company acquired two American lines in 2009, the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad and the Iowa, Chicago, the trackage of the ICE was at one time part of CP subsidiary Soo Line and predecessor line The Milwaukee Road. It is publicly traded on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker CP and its U. S. headquarters are in Minneapolis. The creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was a task undertaken for a combination of reasons by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald. He was helped by Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, who was the owner of the North Western Coal and his company went through several name changes during the process of the construction of the railway. British Columbia, a sea voyage away from the East Coast, had insisted upon a land transport link to the East as a condition for joining Confederation. The government however proposed to build a railway linking the Pacific province to the Eastern provinces within 10 years of 20 July 1871, Macdonald saw it as essential to the creation of a unified Canadian nation that would stretch across the continent. Moreover, manufacturing interests in Quebec and Ontario wanted access to raw materials, the first obstacle to its construction was political. The logical route went through the American Midwest and the city of Chicago, to ensure this routing, the government offered huge incentives including vast grants of land in the West. Because of this scandal, the Conservative Party was removed from office in 1873, surveying was carried out during the first years of a number of alternative routes in this virgin territory followed by construction of a telegraph along the lines that had been agreed upon. The Thunder Bay section linking Lake Superior to Winnipeg was commenced in 1875, by 1880, around 1,000 kilometres was nearly complete, mainly across the troublesome Canadian Shield terrain, with trains running on only 500 kilometres of track. With Macdonalds return to power on 16 October 1878, an aggressive construction policy was adopted. Macdonald confirmed that Port Moody would be the terminus of the transcontinental railway, in 1879, the federal government floated bonds in London and called for tenders to construct the 206 km section of the railway from Yale, British Columbia, to Savonas Ferry, on Kamloops Lake
35.
Roller skating
–
Roller skating is the traveling on surfaces with roller skates. It is a form of activity as well as a sport. 1743, First recorded use of roller skates, in a London stage performance, the inventor of this skate is unknown. 1760, First recorded skate invention, by John Joseph Merlin,1818, Roller skates appeared on the ballet stage in Berlin. 1819, First patented roller skate design, in France by M. Petitbled and these early skates were similar to todays inline skates, but they were not very maneuverable. It was difficult with these skates to do anything but move in a straight line, rest of the 19th century, inventors continued to work on improving skate design. 1823, Robert John Tyers of London patented a skate called the Rolito and this skate had five wheels in a single row on the bottom of a shoe or boot. 1857, Finally, roller skating had gained momentum to warrant the opening of the first public skating rinks. The Strand, London and Floral Hall had these first roller rinks, the skate contained a pivoting action using a rubber cushion that allowed the skater to skate a curve just by pressing his weight to one side or the other, most commonly by leaning to one side. The design of the quad skate allowed easier turns and maneuverability,1876, William Brown in Birmingham, England, patented a design for the wheels of roller skates. Browns design embodied his effort to keep the two bearing surfaces of an axle, fixed and moving, apart, Brown worked closely with Joseph Henry Hughes, who drew up the patent for a ball or roller bearing race for bicycle and carriage wheels in 1877. Hughes patent included all the elements of an adjustable system and these two men are thus responsible for modern roller skate and skateboard wheels, as well as the ball bearing race inclusion in velocipedes—later to become motorbikes and automobiles. This was arguably the most important advance in the use of roller skates as a pleasurable pastime. 1876, The toe stop was first patented and this provided skaters with the ability to stop promptly upon tipping the skate onto the toe. Toe stops are used today on most quad skates and on some types of inline skates. 1877, The Royal Skating indoor skating ring building is erected rue Veydt, 1880s, Roller skates were being mass-produced in America from then. This was the sports first of several boom periods, henley of Richmond, Indiana produced thousands of skates every week during peak sales. Henley skates were the first skate with adjustable tension via a screw,1884, Levant M. Richardson received a patent for the use of steel ball bearings in skate wheels to reduce friction, allowing skaters to increase speed with minimum effort
36.
Frank Patrick (ice hockey)
–
Francis Alexis Frank Patrick was an early Canadian professional ice hockey player, NHL head coach and manager. Raised in Montreal, Patrick moved to British Columbia with his family in 1917 to establish a lumber company, the family sold the company in 1910 and used the proceeds to establish the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the first major professional hockey league in the West. Patrick, who served as president of the league, would take control of the Vancouver Millionaires, serving as a player, coach. It was in the PCHA that Patrick would introduce many innovations to hockey that remain today, including numbers, the blue line. His Millionaires won the Stanley Cup in 1915, the first team west of Manitoba to do so, in 1926 the league, which had since been renamed the Western Canada Hockey League and later Western Hockey League due to mergers, was sold to the eastern-based National Hockey League. Patrick would later join the NHL in 1933, serving first in a role for the league. His brother Lester Patrick was also an ice hockey player, coach. Patrick was the son of a wealthy lumberman Joseph Patrick, who invented the idea of putting numbers on players uniforms, while attending McGill University, Patrick played hockey from 1904 to 1908, winning the Queens Cup championship in 1905 alongside his brother Lester Patrick. In 1907 Patrick moved with the rest of his family to Nelson, British Columbia, Patrick would spend the next several winters there, except for 1909–10 when he and his brother Lester joined the Renfrew Creamery Kings of the newly formed National Hockey Association. Well-regarded nationally as one of the top defenders in hockey, Patrick was paid $2,000 for the season and he scored 8 goals in 11 games for Renfrew, though the team failed to win the championship despite having some of the biggest names in the sport. Frank and Lester helped found the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and he played for the Vancouver Millionaires of that league from 1911–1918, winning a Stanley Cup in 1915. He also served as PCHA president until 1924, in addition, he was the owner of the Vancouver Amazons womens hockey team. In 1926 the WCHA was sold to the NHL, and Patrick retired from hockey, however he returned to the game in 1933 when he became the managing director of the NHL in. Art Ross, manager and coach of the Boston Bruins, asked Patrick to replace him as coach of the Bruins in September,1934, offering a salary of $10,500. Among Patricks contributions to hockey were the line, the penalty shot, the boarding penalty, and the raising of the stick when a goal is scored. He also made a prophecy, I dream of the day that teams will dress two goaltenders for each game and this became a reality in the NHL in 1964–65. Frank Patrick was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder in 1950, Patrick is also a member of the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame, elected in 1966. On June 29,1960, Frank died of a heart attack four weeks after his brother Lester died
37.
Lester Patrick
–
Along with his brother Frank Patrick and father Joseph Patrick, he founded the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and helped develop several rules for the game of hockey. Patrick won six Stanley Cups as a player, coach and manager, the son of a wealthy lumberman, Patrick was a great rover and defenceman who first came to prominence in 1900 when he played for McGill University. In 1904 he was the star for the Brandon team in the Northwestern and Manitoba Hockey Leagues, with Patrick at cover point, Brandon challenged the Ottawa Senators for the Stanley Cup in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. He had greater success with the famed Montreal Wanderers in the 1906 and 1907 seasons, scoring 41 goals as a rushing defenceman in just 28 scheduled games while serving as captain of the Redbands, Patrick led them to the Stanley Cup in both seasons. By 1910 the entire Patrick family would affect the Nelson, British Columbia Ladies Hockey Club, sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora Patrick were all involved with the club. In 1911 the Nelson Ladies Club was coached by Lester, the Patricks long had western ties. Patrick invented 22 new rules that remain in the NHL rulebook to this day and he introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by his father Joe, he began using numbers on players sweaters, a new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. He was responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored and its no wonder he was later called the Brains of Modern Hockey. Lester himself was the captain and star of the Victoria Aristocrats, the franchise — plagued by small crowds — was moved to Spokane, Washington and became the Spokane Canaries in 1916, and Patrick achieved his fourth and final First Team All-Star berth. After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion Seattle Metropolitans, the Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the Victoria Cougars, and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only half the games, he was named to the Second All-Star team once more before retiring as a player after the 1922 season. Patrick is famous for an incident which occurred during the Stanley Cup finals of 1928 and this is a record for the oldest goalie to play in the Stanley Cup Finals that still stands today. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory. For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use Joe Miller from the New York Americans in goal, the Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup. Patrick also guided the Rangers to another championship in 1933, Patrick finally retired as general manager in 1946, but stayed on as vice president of Madison Square Garden, finally exiting in 1950. Patrick donated a trophy to the Western Hockey League, the Lester Patrick Cup, to go to the champions of that league. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, suffering from cancer, Lester died at his Victoria home after a heart attack on June 1,1960, at the age of 76
38.
Art Ross
–
Arthur Howey Art Ross was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and executive from 1905 until 1954. Regarded as one of the best defenders of his era by his peers and he was on Stanley Cup championship teams twice in a playing career that lasted thirteen seasons, in January 1907 with the Kenora Thistles and 1908 with the Montreal Wanderers. In 1911 he led one of the first organized player strikes over increased pay, when the Wanderers home arena burned down in January 1918, the team ceased operations and Ross retired as a player. After several years as an official, he was named head coach of the Hamilton Tigers for one season. When the Boston Bruins were formed in 1924, Ross was hired as the first coach and he would go on to coach the team on three separate occasions until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954. Ross helped the Bruins finish first place in the ten times. After being hired by the Bruins, Ross, along with his wife and he died near Boston in 1964. Outside of his association with the Bruins, Ross also helped to improve the game and he created a style of hockey puck still used today, and advocated an improved style of goal nets, a change that lasted forty years. In 1947 Ross donated the Art Ross Trophy, awarded to the scorer of the NHL regular season. Ross was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1949, Ross was born January 13,1885, in Naughton, Ontario. His father, Thomas Barnston Ross, was the head of a Hudsons Bay Company trading post in the area, the ninth of ten children, Ross grew up speaking both English and Ojibwe, a native Canadian language. Ross moved to Montreal in 1902 to play in organized hockey leagues and he played high school and junior hockey with Lester and Frank Patrick, both of whom were later inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Ross and Lester had a financially successful ticket resale business at the Montreal Arena, buying tickets for thirty-five cents, the best hockey players on their high school team, Ross and the Patrick brothers were invited to play occasional games for local league teams in Montreal. Ross first played in a league in 1905, joining Montreal Westmount of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League. He scored ten goals in eight games during the season and his opponents regarded him as one of the best rushing defencemen. Most defenders at the time either shot the puck down the ice or passed to a forward, in contrast, Ross skated up the ice, taking the puck into the offensive zone. Later that year, wishing to pursue a career in banking, he moved to Brandon, Manitoba, where he joined the Brandon Elks of the Manitoba Hockey League, the senior league in the province. In 1906, his first season, he scored six goals in seven games while he recorded six goals in ten games in 1907
39.
Russell Bowie
–
Russell George Alexander Russ, Dubbie Bowie was a Canadian ice hockey player generally regarded as one of the best players of the pre-NHL era of the sport. Bowie was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, a staunch amateur, he retired from playing in 1909 when all major hockey leagues turned professional, though he continued as an on-ice official until an injury forced his retirement. In nine seasons of play, he led his league in goal scoring five times. Bowie played centre and rover for numerous amateur Montreal teams in the 1890s as a teenager and he was a five-time scoring champion and scored an unprecedented 234 goals in 80 recorded league games. Bowie played for the Vics final Stanley Cup champion club in 1898, an accomplished stickhandler who credited his skill to employing an unusually short stick, he was cited in many all-star lists as one of the very best forwards of hockeys first half-century. On February 20,1901, Bowie of the Montreal Victorias scored seven goals in a game and was positioned to dominate the CAHL. He finished the season with 24 goals,14 more than his nearest rival, over his career, Mr. Bowie would average almost three goals per game, a mark only matched by Frank McGee in major senior play. Bowie never accepted money to play hockey, famously refusing all importuning and turning down offers, and was quoted as saying, I am an amateur, was an amateur. He did play against professionals in the ECAHA and IPHL and he played in ten games for the Vics in the next two seasons in lower level amateur competition, but his retirement was punctuated by an injury in 1910, when he broke his collarbone. He became a referee in retirement, officiating for the NHA thereafter and he led the league in scoring in 1901,1903,1904,1905, and 1908. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, Volume 1, 1893–1926 inc. Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, ISBN 0-8403-2941-5 Hockey Hall of Fame, Honoured Members, Bolton, Ontario, Fenn Publishing, ISBN 1-55168-239-7 Russell Bowies biography at Legends of Hockey
40.
Montreal Victorias
–
The Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal, Quebec, Canada was an early mens amateur ice hockey club. Its date of origin is ascribed to either 1874,1877 or 1881, the club played at its own rink, the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal. The club was winners of the Stanley Cup in 1895 and held it except for a period in 1896 until 1899, the club remained amateur, splitting from the ranks of teams turned professional in 1908. The amateur hockey club was the first winner of the Allan Cup, the club often also fielded junior and intermediate teams. In 1875, the first recorded organized game took place at its rink, the Victoria Skating Rink. Until 1883, there was only exhibition matches against other teams in Montreal, tournaments would begin in 1883 at the Montreal Winter Carnival. On January 10,1882, the Victoria Hockey Club held what was described as its first annual meeting, other directors included George W. Gardner as vice-president, secretary-treasurer was Charles Lamothe. Hockey was played with balls and pucks during this period. According to McGill hockey club member W. L. Murray, by 1881 it was played with a square puck. According to Murray, the Victoria club of the 1880s is credited with eliminating the square edges, in 1886, the club helped to found the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada. The team played in league from 1887-1898. It was during this period that the team had its greatest success, winning the Stanley Cup in 1895, December 1896,1897,1898 and they also won the AHAC league in 1895,1896,1897 and 1898. In 1894, the participated in the first Stanley Cup playoff. The team resigned from the AHAC in 1898 over the proposal to allow the Ottawa Capitals into the league, the CAHL itself folded in 1905 and the team helped found the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. The league allowed amateurs and professionals to play against each other openly, the Victorias played in the league for two years as a purely amateur team leaving the ECAHA after the 1908 season to focus on amateur play. In 1908, the new Allan Cup was awarded to the Victorias as the top team at the time. The Victorias remained active in amateur play in the Interprovincial Amateur Hockey Union until 1913. From 1913–1923, the club was a member of the Montreal City Hockey League, the club then joined the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey League
_pictogram.svg)
_pictogram.svg)
