1.
Rio de Janeiro
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Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 and this is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, the home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the city is divided into 33 administrative regions. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502, by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabrals fleet, allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo, in 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony, Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc, on 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdoms capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, as there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, from the colonial period until the first independent decades, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was an influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, in 1819. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire and it was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic, until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre, on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rios streetcar transit system after 1905, though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960
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Rio de Janeiro (state)
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Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo, the state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast. Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the states in the same Southeast macroregion, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo. It is bounded on the east and south by the Atlantic Ocean, Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km². The archaic demonym meaning for the Rio de Janeiro State is fluminense, taken from the Latin word flumen, from 1783 and during all the Imperial Regime, carioca remained only as a nickname by which other Brazilians called the inhabitants of Rio. During the first years of the Brazilian Republic, carioca was the given to those who lived in the slums or a pejorative way to refer the bureaucratic elite of the Federal District. Only when the City of Rio lost its status as Federal District and became a Brazilian State when the capital was moved to Brasilia, carioca was made a co-official demonym with guanabarino. In 1975, the Guanabara State was extinct by President Geisel becoming the present City of Rio de Janeiro, nowadays, social movements like Somos Todos Cariocas try to achieve the official recognition of carioca as a co-official demonym of Rio de Janeiro State. Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion, in the Brazilian flag, the state is represented by the Beta star in the Southern Cross. European presence in Rio de Janeiro is as old as Brazil itself, Rio de Janeiro originated from parts of the captainships of de Tomé and São Vicente. Between 1555 and 1567, the territory was occupied by the French, aiming to prevent the occupation of the Frenchmen, in March 1565, the city of Rio de Janeiro was established by Estácio de Sá. In 1763, Rio de Janeiro became the capital of Colonial Brazil, with the flight of the Portuguese royal family from Portugal to Brazil in 1808, the region soon benefited from urban reforms to house the Portuguese. The following years witnessed the creation of the Jardim Botânico and the Academia Real Militar, during this same time, the Escola Real de Ciências, Artes e Ofícios was founded as well. In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro was transformed into a city, remaining as capital of the state, while the captainships became provinces, with headquarters in Niterói. In 1889, the city became the capital of the Republic, the city became the federal district. In 1894, Petrópolis became the capital of Rio de Janeiro, with the relocation of the federal capital to Brasília in 1960, the city of Rio de Janeiro became Guanabara State. Niterói remained the capital for Rio de Janeiro state, while Rio de Janeiro served the same status for Guanabara. In 1975, the states of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro were merged under the name of Rio de Janeiro, the symbols of the former State of Rio de Janeiro were preserved, while the symbols of Guanabara were kept by the city of Rio de Janeiro
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Brazil
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Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the worlds fifth-largest country by area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to wildlife, a variety of ecological systems. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, in 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a state governed under a constitutional monarchy. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, the country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup détat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, Brazils current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, Brazils economy is the worlds ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the worlds fastest growing economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition. Brazils national development bank plays an important role for the economic growth. Brazil is a member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP. Brazil is a power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. One of the worlds major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years and it is likely that the word Brazil comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology red like an ember, formed from Latin brasa and the suffix -il. As brazilwood produces a red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name, early sailors sometimes also called it the Land of Parrots. In the Guarani language, a language of Paraguay, Brazil is called Pindorama
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Juilliard School
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The Juilliard School located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. It is informally referred to as Juilliard, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the leading music schools. In 2016, QS Quacquarelli Symonds ranked it as the worlds best institution for Performing Arts in their global ranking of the discipline. The Institute opened in the former Lenox Mansion, Fifth Avenue and 12th Street and it moved in 1910 to 120 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, onto a property purchased from Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus D. Juilliard, in 1924, the foundation purchased the Vanderbilt family guesthouse at 49 E. 52nd Street and established the Juilliard Graduate School. In 1926, the Juilliard School of Music was created through a merger of the Institute of Musical Art, the two schools shared a common Board of Directors and President but retained their distinct identities. The conductor and music-educator Frank Damrosch continued as the Institutes dean, in 1937, Hutcheson succeeded Erskine as president of the two institutions, a job he held until 1945. In 1946, the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School completely merged to form a single institution, the president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Schuman established the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946 and the Dance Division in 1951, William Schuman graduated from Columbias Teachers College and attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932,1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in counterpoint. L&M was Schumans reaction against more formal theory and ear training, the general mandate was to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music. The quality and degree of each students education in harmony, music history or ear training was dependent on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate, William Schuman resigned as president of Juilliard after being elected president of Lincoln Center in 1962. Peter Mennin, another composer with experience at the Peabody Conservatory, was elected as his successor. Mennin made significant changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, in 1968, Mennin hired John Houseman to manage a new Drama Division, and in 1969 oversaw Juilliards relocation from Claremont Avenue to Lincoln Center. Polisis many accomplishments include philanthropic successes, broadening of the curriculum, in 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in 2006, Juilliard received a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist Bruce Kovner. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations,2, and manuscripts of Brahmss Symphony No.2 and Piano Concerto No.2
5.
Austin Chick
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Austin Chick is an American film director, screenwriter and producer, who made the films XX/XY, released in 2002, and August, which premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. Although born in Hartford, Connecticut, Chick moved to New Hampshire as a youngster, in the late 1980s he attended high school at High Mowing School, a boarding school in Wilton, NH. He went on to Sarah Lawrence College in Yonkers, where he specialized in literature, Chick spent a number of years unsure of what he wanted to do with his life and took on a life of a wanderer for some time. He said watching Kings of the Road helped him find direction, I wanted to be doing something that was a little bit more, I don’t know, populist. I felt like a narrative interested me, and it wasn’t until I saw Kings of the Road that I realized that film was a place that make sense for me. In 1998, Chick graduated in cinematography from SUNY Purchase Film School in Purchase and his first major film, which he wrote and directed, was released in 2002. It was titled XX/XY, and it starred Mark Ruffalo and Kathleen Robertson and it examined the complex relationship between three Sarah Lawrence College students, both during their time at the school and then many years later. It was an independent production, which was shown at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival and his most recent movie, called August, was released by ContentFilm International in 2008. The cast list is headed by Josh Hartnett, and features Adam Scott, Naomie Harris, Rip Torn, and David Bowie. The plot centered on two brothers, with one of them, Tom, involved in a struggle to save his company on the stock market just before the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Chick directed the film and was executive producer. Chick married actress Morena Baccarin over Thanksgiving in 2011 and their son Julius was born October 22,2013, in Glendale, California. Chick filed for divorce in 2015, citing irreconcilable differences, Austin Chick at the Internet Movie Database Austin Chicks first student film
6.
Ben McKenzie
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Ben McKenzie is an American actor. He is known as Ryan Atwood in the television series The O. C. and he appeared in the films Junebug and 88 Minutes. His first starring role in a film was in the 2008 indie release Johnny Got His Gun. Since 2014, McKenzie has been starring as James Gordon in the television series Gotham, McKenzie was born in Austin, Texas, as Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan, one of three boys born to Frances Victory Schenkkan, a poet, and Pieter Meade Pete Schenkkan, an attorney. His middle name, McKenzie, is his grandmothers maiden name. His grandfather, Robert F. Schenkkan, was a professor at the University of Texas at Austin and he is a nephew of Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Robert Schenkkan, Jr. For middle school, he attended St. Andrews Episcopal School and he attended Austin High School, playing wide receiver and defensive back for the schools football team. From 1997–2001, he attended the University of Virginia, his father and paternal grandfathers alma mater and he uses his middle name as his stage name to avoid confusion with actor Ben Shenkman. From 2001 to 2003 McKenzie worked in jobs and sought acting work in New York. On August 5,2003, Fox premiered the series, about affluent teenagers with stormy personal lives in Orange County. The show became a success and made McKenzie famous. McKenzie reportedly earned about $15,000 and $25,000 per episode throughout the shows run, the O. C. was the first time McKenzie played what The New York Times later described as the quiet, guarded leading man role he would repeatedly portray. As a result of the success, McKenzie appeared in magazines including People, In Touch Weekly. He was ranked No.5 in Independent Onlines 100 Sexiest Men Alive, McKenzie was also voted one of InStyles 10 Hottest Bachelors Of Summer in July 2005. The O. C. dropped in ratings dramatically during its third and fourth seasons, McKenzie made his feature film debut in Junebug alongside Amy Adams and Embeth Davidtz. The film was nominated for Best International Film and Outstanding Ensemble Acting in the Amanda Awards and it also received high praise at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival. According to Production Weekly, McKenzie was set to star in the thriller Snakes On A Plane, formerly known as Pacific Air 121, but later dropped out to film 88 Minutes, which starred Al Pacino. In 2008, McKenzie earned critical acclaim for his performance in the live on stage, on film version of Dalton Trumbos 1939 novel Johnny Got His Gun
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Inara Serra
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This page lists characters from the television series Firefly. Malcolm Reynolds, played by Nathan Fillion, is owner and captain of the Firefly-class spaceship Serenity and he got the name for his spaceship from a famous battle he fought and commanded in, the Battle of Serenity Valley. When asked why he named his ship after a lost battle, Zoe comments Once youre in Serenity and you just learn how to live there. He is fiercely loyal to those he calls his crew, malcolms main mission is to keep his crew alive and to keep his ship flying. As Firefly writer Tim Minear stated in an interview, Its just about getting by, thats always been the mission statement of what the show is – getting by. In Serenity, Mal says of himself, Wind blows northerly, Mal was raised by his mother and about 40 hands on a ranch on the planet Shadow. Mal volunteered for the Independents army during the Unification War against the Alliance and his loyal second-in-command Zoe was by his side for most of the war, surviving many dangerous conflicts with him. The show mentions three such battles, including the Battle of Du-Khang in 2510 and a winter campaign in New Kashmir where he commanded a platoon. Mal was also involved in the campaign during the Battle of Sturges. Mal fought in more battles, but the turning point for him. This might explain why, in one of the scenes from the Firefly pilot. After the war, Mal acquired his own ship, a derelict 03-K64 Firefly-class transport whose previous owner was a man named Captain Harbatkin, Mal named the ship Serenity after the Battle of Serenity Valley, the decisive battle of the Unification War. Zoe Washburne was played by Gina Torres, born February 15,2484, Vesselside, Zoe served in the Unification War under Sergeant Malcolm Reynolds and continues under his command on his spaceship, Serenity. She shares his belief in the corruption of the Alliance and wants freedom for the Border Planets, a loyal first mate and a tough, deadly fighter, Zoe is the only member of Mals crew to regularly call him sir, a vestige of their past as soldiers. She trusts Mal unconditionally, but has known to disobey orders in serious situations when she disagrees with him. Zoe married Serenitys pilot Wash sometime after he joined the crew, in the DVD commentary for the episode Shindig, costume designer Shawna Trpcic mentions that the leather necklace Zoe always wears is a symbol of her marriage bond. However, she is wearing the necklace in the flashback sequences of Out of Gas. In the book Firefly, The Official Companion – Vol.1, although Zoe and Wash worked a very dangerous sort of lifestyle, they managed to retain a rather happy marriage with one another
8.
Firefly (TV series)
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Firefly is an American space western drama television series created by writer and director Joss Whedon, under his Mutant Enemy Productions label. Whedon served as a producer, along with Tim Minear. The series is set in the year 2517, after the arrival of humans in a new system and follows the adventures of the renegade crew of Serenity. The ensemble cast portrays the nine characters who live on Serenity, Whedon pitched the show as nine people looking into the blackness of space and seeing nine different things. In this future, the two surviving superpowers, the United States and China, fused to form the central federal government, called the Alliance. According to Whedons vision, nothing will change in the future, technology will advance, but we still have the same political, moral. Firefly premiered in the U. S. on the Fox network on September 20,2002, by mid-December, Firefly had averaged 4.7 million viewers per episode and was 98th in Nielsen ratings. It was canceled after eleven of the fourteen produced episodes were aired, despite the relatively short life span of the series, it received strong sales when it was released on DVD and has large fan support campaigns. It won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2003 for Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series, TV Guide ranked the series at No.5 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were Cancelled Too Soon. The series takes place in the year 2517, on a variety of planets, the TV series does not reveal whether these celestial bodies are within one star system, only saying that Serenitys mode of propulsion is a gravity-drive. The film Serenity makes clear that all the planets and moons are in one large system, the emigrants established themselves in this new star system, with dozens of planets and hundreds of moons. Many of these were terraformed, a process in which a planet or moon is altered to resemble Earth and this resulted in many of the border planets and moons having forbidding, dry environments, well-suited to the Western genre. The show takes its name from the Firefly-class spaceship, Serenity and it resembles a firefly in general arrangement, and the tail section, analogous to a bioluminescent insectoid abdomen, lights up during acceleration. The ship was named after the Battle of Serenity Valley, where Malcolm Reynolds, former sergeant in the Independents and it is revealed in Bushwhacked that the Battle of Serenity Valley is widely considered the loss which sealed the fate of the Independents. Throughout the series, the Alliance is shown to govern the system through an organization of core planets. The central planets are firmly under Alliance control, but the planets and moons resemble the 19th-century American West. Settlers and refugees on the worlds have relative freedom from the central government. In addition, the areas of space are inhabited by the Reavers
9.
Serenity (2005 film)
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Serenity is a 2005 American space Western film written and directed by Joss Whedon. It is a continuation of Whedons short-lived 2002 Fox television series Firefly and stars the same cast, set in 2517, Serenity is the story of the captain and crew of Serenity, a Firefly-class spaceship. The captain and first mate are veterans of the Unification War and their lives of smuggling and cargo-running are interrupted by a psychic passenger who harbors a dangerous secret. The film stars Nathan Fillion, Alan Tudyk, Adam Baldwin, Summer Glau and it was released in North America on September 30,2005, by Universal Pictures. In the 26th century, humanity has left an overpopulated Earth to colonize a new solar system, the central planets formed the Alliance and won a war against the outer planet Independents—those refusing to join the Alliance. River Tam is coercively conditioned by Alliance scientists into a psychic assassin and she is rescued by her brother Simon. During her training, River inadvertently read the minds of several officers, consequently, a top Alliance agent known only as the Operative is tasked with recapturing her. Despite Simons objections, Mal brings River on a robbery where they are attacked by savage. They escape, but Simon decides he and River will leave Serenity at the next port, once there, however, a television commercial causes River to attack numerous bar patrons, and Mal takes the siblings back aboard the ship. The crew contacts reclusive hacker Mr. Universe, who discovers a message designed to trigger Rivers mental conditioning. He notes River whispered Miranda before attacking and warns that someone saw the footage. Mal is invited to visit Inara Serra, a former Serenity occupant, despite knowing she is held hostage as a trap, Mal goes to rescue her. The Operative confronts Mal, promising to let him go if he turns over River. Mal refuses and escapes with Inara, River reveals that Miranda is a planet located beyond a region of space swarming with Reavers. The crew flies to the planet Haven to ponder their next move and they find Haven devastated and their old friend, Shepherd Book, mortally wounded. The Operative claims responsibility for the killings and he promises to keep pursuing them and killing anyone who assists them until he captures River. Despite the crews objection, Mal disguises Serenity as a Reaver ship, on the planet, the crew find all its colonists dead and a recording by the last surviving member of an Alliance survey team. She explains that an experimental chemical designed to suppress aggression was added into Mirandas air, most residents became so docile they stopped performing all activities of daily living and allowed themselves to die
10.
Ori (Stargate)
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The Ori /ˈɒraɪ/ are fictional characters in the science fiction television series, Stargate SG-1. They are a group of ascended beings who use their advanced technology and they first appeared in the ninth season of Stargate SG-1, replacing the Goauld as the shows primary antagonists. While the Goauld relied on stolen technology from other civilizations to pose as gods, as Ascended beings, they live on a higher plane of existence with great power and knowledge and are as close to being gods as any non-deific being can be. The Ori fabricated a religion called Origin, which they use in an attempt to control non-ascended beings, the Ori also attempt to destroy any planets and civilizations that reject Origin. Since the eighth season of Stargate SG-1 was intended to be the last, when the Sci Fi Channel renewed the series, however, the producers had grown creatively tired of writing endings. Thus they considered the beginning of Season 9 as the pilot of a new show, Season Nine was about wiping the slate clean and resetting the story to where Stargate SG-1 was in its first season. The reason was that the SG-1 team was now winning every time, since SG-1 had always been grounded in Earth mythology, the producers chose the King Arthur mythology for the new season as that had not been done before. Merlin as a magical figure was made an Ancient, leading to the Ancients enemies named the Ori. The Ori are thus an extension of where the Ancient mythology had gone. Up until that point, the story of the Ancients had been kept at arms length because the show was not about the aliens but human beings going out into this unexplored, fantastical universe. The producers also acknowledged that a premature full revelation of the Ancients would have caused their story to be less interesting, the introduction of the Ori was to prepare the viewer for their invasion and overtaking that would take place later. The Ori also served as a challenge for the new heroes in the SG-1 team, the writers believed that new bad guys and new obstacles for the characters to overcome would make for a more interesting story. The name Ori comes from the word Origin, as in the origin of the Ancients, when executive producer Robert C. Cooper looked at the root of origin, he retcon-invented the word Origin as the name of the Ori religion. Cooper said that its not necessarily wrong to believe in something, whats wrong is to murder somebody because they dont believe the way you do. The producers therefore put the Ori in the background, similar to the way there was very little direct interaction between the actual deities of the religion and mankind in real life. Cooper was concerned that the distinction between the Ori and the Oris followers was often overlooked, and that the SG-1 team dealt with the followers, not the ascended gods. If, as The Shroud suggested, the Ori were actually destroyed by the Merlins Ancient weapon, Brad Wright pointed to power corruption, and the catch of the Ori killing unbelievers. In the original pitch for Beachhead, Brad Wright had intended to let Ori build the Supergate and it was then decided among the writers to only let the threat of the Ori come through the Priors, and wait for the Ori arrival until the end of the season
11.
Stargate SG-1
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Stargate SG-1 is an adventure and military science fiction television series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers Stargate franchise. The show, created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, is based on the 1994 science fiction film Stargate by Dean Devlin, the television series was filmed in and around the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The series premiered on Showtime on July 27,1997 and moved to the Sci Fi Channel on June 7,2002, the series draws primarily upon Egyptian mythology, Greek mythology, Norse mythology and Arthurian legend. The series was a success for its first-run broadcasters and in syndication and was particularly popular in Europe. Stargate SG-1 was honored with awards and award nominations in its ten-season run. Merchandise for Stargate SG-1 includes games and toys, print media, the plot of Stargate SG-1 picks up a year after the conclusion of the events recounted in the original feature film. It follows the adventures of SG-1, a military team from Earth. The Ori, a faction of the race as the Ancients who instead use their powers to subjugate other species by religious indoctrination. The SGC is brought back into action when the Stargate is revealed to be part of a network connecting countless planets. SG teams are created to help defend Earth against the Goauld, another alien threat arises in the season 3 finale in the form of sentient machines called Replicators. Meanwhile, rogue agents of an intelligence agency on Earth. Despite Apophiss death in the beginning of season 5, the Goauld Empire remains a major foe in Stargate SG-1 until the end of season 8. The only influential Goauld in the last two seasons of Stargate SG-1 is the System Lord Baal, who is defeated in the direct-to-DVD film Stargate, Continuum. After Apophiss defeat in the season 5 premiere, the half-Ascended Goauld System Lord Anubis assumes the role of the primary antagonist of the show and this new villain possesses much of the knowledge of the Ancients and their technology. In the season 7 finale, SG-1 discovers a powerful weapon in an Ancient outpost in Antarctica that annihilates Anubiss entire fleet and also sets the stage for the spin-off series Stargate Atlantis. Baal subsumes much of Anubiss power in season 8, while Anubis, human-form Replicators begin to conquer the System Lords, but SG-1 finds and adjusts an Ancient weapon to destroy all Replicators throughout the galaxy. Near the end of season 8, it is revealed that the benevolent Ascended being Oma Desala is responsible for Anubiss original ascension. At the end of season 9, the Ori begin an evangelistic crusade with their warships and effortlessly wipe out the fleet of Earth
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Stargate: The Ark of Truth
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Stargate, The Ark of Truth is a 2008 Canadian-American military science fiction film in the Stargate franchise, acting as a sequel to the television series Stargate SG-1. It is written and directed by Robert C, Cooper, produced by Cooper, John G. Lenic, and the series creator Brad Wright, and stars its regular cast. The film is the conclusion of the Ori arc, and picks up after the SG-1 series finale, however, it takes place before the Stargate Atlantis third season finale. The Ark of Truth was released as a Region 1 DVD on March 11,2008. Sky One has broadcast the film on March 24,2008, SPACE has broadcast the film on September 13,2008. The SciFi Channel premiered the movie on March 27,2009 and it is the first of two Stargate SG-1 direct-to-DVD films, the second one being Stargate, Continuum. SG-1 discovers a box that they believe contains the Ark of Truth while digging on Dakara, Daniel tricks them into opening the box, but it is revealed to be a fake. When Tomin is ordered by a Prior to kill them, he refuses, shocked at the death of their Prior, the Ori soldiers surrender with Tomin returning to Earth with SG-1 where he resides at the SGC for a time. When Daniel Jackson realizes that the Ark is still in the Ori galaxy, in the Ori galaxy, a member of the anti-Ori resistance tells the team that according to legend, the Ark is on Celestis, the Ori capital. When SG-1 beams down to the planet, Marrick activates the Asgard computer core which alerts the Ori to the ships location, Marrick implies that a shutdown code has been included as a failsafe, but claims he does not know what it is. He is placed in the brig and falls victim to the Replicators who later make their way into the brig. With several Ori ships approaching, Mitchell attempts to beam Daniel, Tealc, Vala, and Tomin up from the planet, with no other option, the Odyssey jumps to hyperspace to escape, leaving the others on the planet. Daniel finds the Ark in a set of catacombs, and after several ground tremors, when the team emerges, they are ambushed by Ori warriors, and Tealc is shot in the back while the others are captured. When they are brought to the city, Vala discovers that the Ori were indeed killed by the Sangraal during the events of The Shroud, Adria has ascended and taken over all of their power. Tealc, who has been walking toward the city of Celestis since he was shot and he is subsequently revived by Morgan le Fay and continues on to free Daniel. Morgan then arrives in Daniels cell and tells him if he can expose one Prior to the Ark and this will weaken Adria enough for Morgan to stalemate her. In the meantime, a Prior arrives on Earth, offering a last chance to convert to Origin, when General Landry refuses to even listen to him, the Apollo detects a fleet of Ori motherships waiting on the edge of the solar system. On the Odyssey, Marrick is attacked by Replicators who infest his body, Mitchell activates an explosive charge which kills Marrick
13.
V (2009 TV series)
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V is an American science fiction television series that ran for two seasons on ABC, from November 3,2009 to March 15,2011. V stars Elizabeth Mitchell and Morena Baccarin, and is produced by Scott Rosenbaum, Yves Simoneau, Scott Peters, Steve Pearlman. The series was produced by The Scott Peters Company, HDFilms, giant spaceships appear over 29 major cities throughout the world, and Anna, the beautiful and charismatic leader of the extraterrestrial Visitors, declares that they come in peace. The Visitors claim to only need a small amount of Earths resources, Erica joins the resistance movement, which includes Ryan, a Visitor sleeper agent who over time developed human emotions and now wants to save humanity. Elizabeth Mitchell as Erica Evans—an FBI counter-terrorism agent who becomes the leader of the global Fifth Column, ironically, Erica seems to become closer to the Visitor Lisa than to her son Tyler. Morris Chestnut as Ryan Nichols—a Visitor posing as human and a Fifth Columnist trying to undermine the plans of the Visitors. He is later forced to betray the Fifth Column due to Anna holding his daughter hostage. He is strangled to death by his daughter trying to remove her from the Visitor mothership in the season 2 finale. Over time, he finds his views of the Visitors conflict with the church hierarchy and he is eventually laicized after speaking out against the Visitors one time too many, following numerous warnings from the Visitor-controlled Vatican. Logan Huffman as Tyler Evans—Ericas teenage son who becomes a V peace ambassador and he becomes closer to Anna over time, and at odds with his own mother. The Visitors stripped him of half his DNA when he was in Ericas womb and he is killed by Lisas twin sister after mating with her in the season 2 finale. Lourdes Benedicto as Valerie Stevens —Ryans fiancée who was unaware of his alien nature. Her discovery of his secret leads to her murdered by Anna after giving birth to Ryans baby. Laura Vandervoort as Lisa—a Visitor and Tylers love-interest who is revealed to be Annas daughter and she displays growing human emotion throughout the first season and joins the Fifth Column in the season finale. Lisa is shown to be closer to Erica than her own mother, she confides in Erica about her emotions. In the second season finale, she is imprisoned by Anna, and replaced by her sister, charles Mesure as Kyle Hobbes —a former British SAS soldier and current mercenary, on top of the wanted lists of many law enforcement organizations, who is recruited by the Fifth Column. It is revealed the Visitors have someone close to him and are blackmailing him, Morena Baccarin as Anna—the cold, diabolically-manipulative Visitor Queen and High Commander. She maintains loyalty and control over her subjects by use of a telepathic pacification process known as Bliss, Scott Wolf as Chad Decker—a television news anchor who becomes the Visitors spokesperson
14.
Copycat (Marvel Comics)
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Copycat is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is a member of X-Force. Actress Morena Baccarin portrays Vanessa Carlysle in the 2016 feature film Deadpool, Copycat first appeared in X-Force #19 where the character was retconned to the first appearance of Domino in The New Mutants #98 and was created by Fabian Nicieza and Rob Liefeld. As a young mutant shape-shifter, Vanessa Carlysle fell into a life of prostitution in Boston where she met and fell in love with a mercenary named Wade Wilson. Carlysle was soon saved from Wilsons vengeful employers by Zoe Culloden and that night, Wilson broke up with Carlysle after learning he had cancer, leaving her heartbroken. Carlysle became a mercenary herself, eventually employed by arms dealer Tolliver, under his orders, Copycat infiltrated X-Force in the shape of Domino, while she was a prisoner. Her mission was to blow up X-Forces headquarters in order to kill Cable, Tolliver sent Deadpool to force her to set the bomb. Deadpool would put in her place, if she refused, Deadpool revealed Copycats cover to X-Force, and left them for dead by blowing up the complex. Vanessa briefly hid herself under the identity of one of her friends. Deadpool and his associate, Sluggo, believing they killed her and she then moved in with Garrison Kane in San Francisco, until Cable found them. Later, she broke up with Kane and came back to live with Deadpool, Deadpools feelings towards Siryn grew, so she left him after having taken his appearance to attack her, in hopes of souring their potential relationship. Some time later, Copycat was captured by Weapon X, the treatments of Weapon X destroyed her memory and she forgot her mission. Recruited by Sabretooth, Deadpool received an order to kill her and he tried to warn her, so Weapon X sent Kane to kill the both of them. The fight took them to a zoo where Deadpool left her in a shapechanged gorilla form among other gorillas to fight against Kane. When he returned the other gorillas were dead and Copycat was dying from wounds inflicted by Sabretooth and she died shortly after in Deadpools arms. However, Deadpool had poured an amount of his blood in Copycats wounds, Vanessa then took up the identity of an owner of a chimichanga stand, and later cheated Deadpool out of one of his past marriages. Copycat is such a powerful and precise metamorph that she can duplicate another being down to the cellular level, because of this she is able to replicate superhuman powers, abilities, and even mental imprints so closely that telepaths have trouble identifying her. Copycat simply requires knowledge to duplicate someones appearance, but needs physical contact to duplicate anything else and she is also capable of turning into animals, finding these forms easier to maintain than human shape
15.
Deadpool (film)
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Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is the installment in the X-Men film series, and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character, as well as Morena Baccarin, Ed Skrein. Miller, Gina Carano, Leslie Uggams, Brianna Hildebrand, in the film, antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love. Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema, but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights, enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September. Additional casting began in early 2015, and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May, Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8,2016, and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX, DLP, D-Box, and premium large format. Critics praised Reynolds performance as well as the style, faithful depiction of the titular character, and action sequences. It also won two Critics Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy, shortly after the films success, Fox ordered development of a sequel, which is scheduled for a release sometime in 2018. This film is nonlinear, jumping between present and past, the plot is in chronological order. Wade Wilson, a special forces operative working as a criminal enforcer, meets a prostitute, Vanessa. The two develop a relationship, and a year later Wilson proposes marriage and he is then diagnosed with liver, lung, prostate, and brain cancer. Despite Vanessas love, Wilson dislikes the thought of her watching him waste away, a recruiter, dubbed Agent Smith from a covert organization approaches Wilson and promises him abilities that will cure his cancer. He is taken to a laboratory where he meets Ajax and Angel Dust. Ajax injects a serum into Wilson and subjects him to daily torture to activate it. Wilson then finds out Ajaxs real name is Francis and mocks him, annoyed, Ajax asphyxiates him in an oxygen chamber, causing him to develop an accelerated healing factor that cures him but leaves him disfigured with burn like scars over his entire body. Ajax reveals to Wilson that he does not actually intend to make him a superhero, Wilson finds a way to escape his confines and destroy the lab. He fights Ajax, but relents when Ajax says that he can repair his appearance, Ajax then impales him with rebar and leaves him for dead in the burning building. Wilson survives and attempts to return to Vanessa, but is afraid of her reaction to his disfigurement after people on the appear to be scared by his appearance. After consulting his best friend Weasel, Wilson begins the task of tracking down Ajax to get the cure and he becomes a masked vigilante, adopts the alter ego Deadpool, and resides with an elderly blind woman, Al
16.
Showtime (TV network)
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The Showtime brand is used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to the group of eight multiplex channels in the United States. As of July 2015, Showtimes programming is available to approximately 28.693 million television households in the United States, the channel and its corresponding networks are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York Citys Broadway district. The following week on July 8, Showtime launched on Viacom Cablevisions system in Dublin, California, the first program and television special to be broadcast on Showtime was Celebration, a concert special featuring performances by Rod Stewart, Pink Floyd and ABBA. By the end of its first year on the air, Showtime had a total of 55,000 subscribers nationwide. On March 7,1978, Showtime became a nationally distributed service after it was uplinked to satellite, turning it into a competitor with HBO, in 1979, Viacom sold a 50% ownership interest in Showtime to the TelePrompTer Corporation. On July 4,1981, Showtime adopted a 24-hour programming schedule,1982 saw the premiere of Showtimes first made-for-cable movie Falcons Gold and its first original series and childrens program Faerie Tale Theatre. The three companies announced their agreement in principle to acquire interests in TMC on November 11,1982. Subsequently, in late December of that year, the U. S. Department of Justice launched a preliminary inquiry into the proposed partnership. On January 7,1983, Viacom International added itself as a partner, under the revised proposal, the four studios would each own a 22. 58% stake in the two networks, with American Express owning a 9. 68% minority interest. In addition, the consortium would appoint a management team separate from those employed by the two channels – which would continue to operate as separate services – to operate the joint venture, on August 10,1985, after Time Inc. and cable provider Tele-Communications Inc. The subsidiary was renamed Showtime Networks, Inc. in 1988, also in 1988, the company formed Showtime Event Television as a pay-per-view distributor of special event programming. In 1990, Showtime ventured into acquiring and premiering independent films exclusively for the channel as part of the 30-Minute Movie short film anthology series. One of its first premieres,12,01 PM, was nominated for an Academy Award, in the years that followed, Showtime expanded its acquisitions into the realm of feature-length fare, including the Adrian Lyne-directed 1997 remake of Lolita. In 2000, Showtime launched Showtime Interactive 24.7, a service that provided DVD-style interaction of its entertainment offerings. On June 14,2005, Viacom decided to separate itself into two companies, both of which would be controlled by Viacom parent National Amusements, amid stagnation of the stock price. A new company assumed the Viacom name kept Paramount Pictures, the MTV Networks and BET Networks cable divisions. Showtime broadcasts its primary and multiplex channels on both Eastern and Pacific Time Zone schedules and this planned extension to the multiplex did not come to fruition – although a third multiplex service, Showtime 3, would make its debut in 1996. Three additional themed channels made their debut in March 2001, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next and Showtime Women do not have distribution by most pay television providers as extensive as the other Showtime multiplex channels
17.
Homeland (TV series)
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Homeland is an American crime thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War, which was created by Gideon Raff. The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison, a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder, and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody, a U. S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper. Mathison had come to believe that Brody, who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war, was turned by the enemy, the series is broadcast in the U. S. on the cable channel Showtime, and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios. It premiered on October 2,2011, the first episode was made available online, more than two weeks before the television broadcast, with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access. On October 22,2013, Showtime renewed Homeland for a fourth season, on November 10,2014, Showtime renewed the series for a 12-episode fifth season that premiered on October 4,2015. On December 9,2015, the series was renewed for a sixth season, the sixth season debuted on January 15,2017. The series has also renewed for a seventh and eighth season. In Iraq, Carrie was warned by an asset that an American prisoner of war had been turned by al-Qaeda, Carries job grows complicated when her boss, Director of the Counterterrorism Center David Estes, calls Carrie and her colleagues in for an emergency briefing. Carrie comes to believe that Brody is the American prisoner of war whom her asset in Iraq was talking about, however, the federal government and her superiors at the CIA consider Brody a war hero. Later, another Marine, Tom Walker is also rescued casting doubt on which of the Marines is the suspected spy. Realizing it would be impossible to convince her boss to place Brody under surveillance, Carrie approaches the only other person she can trust, her mentor. The two must now work together to investigate Brody and prevent another terrorist attack on American soil, the second season follows Carrie and the CIA working with Brody to capture Abu Nazir. Discovering a video of Brodys confession during a CIA operation in Lebanon, Carrie and Saul, along with analyst Peter Quinn, Brody gives in to the CIA interrogation and is now an asset for the CIA, sending information to both sides. The downside of being an agent as well as a rising Congressman with the Vice Presidents support brings Brody closer to Carrie while worsening his relationship with his family. Brodys friend Mike tries to find the truth behind Tom Walkers death, seemingly free of being Nazirs man, Brody celebrates with Carrie at the CIA headquarters and both survive an explosion that kills Director Estes and many others. Brody then flees the U. S. with Carries help, Saul, who was attending the burying of Nazirs body at sea, is left to pick up the pieces. The beginning of season 3 presents the aftermath of a terrorist attack committed by Abu Nazirs people, Carrie is blamed for the CIAs failings as Senator Lockhart grills Saul, now Acting Director of the CIA, in front of the Senate Committee. However, it turned out to be part of a bigger plot and he later relayed the information to Carrie that the main perpetrator of the bombing was still in the U. S. and the CIA acted to bring the real bomber and the officers lawyers in for questioning
18.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
19.
Leslie Thompkins
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Dr. Leslie Maurin Thompkins is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, and most frequently associated with Batman. Created by writer Dennis ONeil and artist Dick Giordano, she first appeared in Detective Comics #457. A close friend and medical colleague of Thomas Wayne, Leslie serves as a parent to his son Bruce after his parents are murdered. In addition to being one of Batmans allies, Leslie is also a medical professional who has dedicated her considerable skills toward helping Gotham Citys less fortunate. Leslie Thompkins made her first appearance in Detective Comics #457, in which she is depicted as comforting the young Bruce Wayne on the night that his parents were murdered, inspired, she dedicates her life to helping slum kids avoid a life of crime. Every year on the anniversary of his parents murder, Batman visits Leslie in Park Row, however, Leslie has no idea he is the boy she had helped decades before. In later years, Leslie is portrayed as having been a friend of Thomas Wayne. She takes it upon herself to look after Bruce after the parents are murdered, often acting with the family butler Alfred Pennyworth as a parental figure. In Batman Special #1, after costumed cop-killer Wrath dies in combat with Batman and she also eventually learns that Bruce is Batman. Wraths girlfriend, former Mafioso Gayle Hudson, becomes a friend to Leslie. At one point this protects Leslie from two attackers, who fear what retribution Gayle might bring, Leslie disapproves of Bruces vigilantism, and feels partly responsible for his transformation into Batman, fearing that somehow she failed him as a role model. She has also linked to Alfred romantically on more than one occasion. She runs a clinic for criminals and drug addicts in Gotham City, while the majority of her patients are repeat offenders, she continues to do her job with great perseverance and determination. During the No Mans Land storyline, she runs Gothams only medical clinic, operating under a strict No Violence policy regardless of her patients actions, even Killer Croc respects the rule and stays out. Stephanie Brown, the current Robin, suffers serious injuries at the hands of Black Mask during the War Games crossover, after liquidating her assets and giving them to Stephanies daughter, she flees to Africa. Batman follows her and forces a confession, coldly informing her that he may not stop violence, but he had never thrown another body onto the pile in the hopes of making a statement. He warns her that she is now just another murderer in his eyes, a mysterious familiar figure has been stalking Tim Drake wearing Stephanies Spoiler costume, which at one point Tim thinks he imagined it to be Stephanie herself. The stalker indeed turns out to be Stephanie, Robin #174 reveals that Leslie faked the girls death, a 2008 Robin/Spoiler one-shot special shows both Leslie and Stephanie alive and in exile, protecting a village somewhere in Africa
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Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
21.
Gotham (TV series)
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The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon, while Heller executive-produces, along with Danny Cannon, who also directed the pilot. Gotham premiered on Fox on September 22,2014, in March 2016, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on September 19,2016. During his investigation, Gordon meets the Waynes son Bruce who is now in the care of his butler Alfred Pennyworth, meeting the younger Wayne further compels Gordon to catch the mysterious killer. Gordon becomes involved with Gothams crime families and associates including gangster Fish Mooney, Don Carmine Falcone, eventually, Gordon forms an unlikely friendship with Bruce, one that will help shape the boys future in becoming Batman. After Galavan is subsequently murdered in his run for mayor, the Gotham City Police Department deals with the actions of Victor Fries, while planning to get Leslie Thompkins back, he also encounters Carmine Falcones son Mario Calvi. Gordon also has to tangle with hypnotist Jervis Tetch who arrives in Gotham City to look for his lost sister Alice Tetch, meanwhile, Oswald Cobblepot runs against Aubrey James for Mayor of Gotham City after some elected Gotham City officials ran it following Theo Galavans death. While Jim rejoins the GCPD, the city plunges into a state of corruption, Alice Tetchs poisonous blood drives many crazy, including Captain Nathaniel Barnes, in February 2014, McKenzie was cast as the lead character. When describing his character in an interview, McKenzie stated that Gordon is a truly honest man, the last honest man in a city full of crooked people. Hes not an anti-hero, he’s a true hero – but he will have to compromise, David Mazouz as Bruce Wayne – In March 2014, Mazouz was cast as Bruce Wayne. When discussing his character, Mazouz stated that you never got to explore what Bruce Wayne was going through or his grieving process or what his anger makes him do, at this point in his life, he’s angry, hes scared, he’s compulsive, and hes lonely. Hes looking for any meaning to his parents’ death, youll see the things that hell do to himself and to other people while hes grieving, and youll see how he becomes a regular kid again. Zabryna Guevara as Sarah Essen – In February 2014, Guevara was confirmed for the series, descriptions revealed her character to be a police captain at the GCPD and James Gordons direct superior. Sean Pertwee as Alfred Pennyworth – In February 2014, Pertwee was cast as Alfred Pennyworth in the series, pertwees character would take inspiration from the Earth One iteration of Alfred Pennyworth. Robin Lord Taylor as Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin – In February 2014, Taylor was cast as Oswald Cobblepot, erin Richards as Barbara Kean – In February 2014, Richards was confirmed to have been cast in the show. Richards portrays James Gordons fiancee, Barbara Kean, though their relationship deteriorates over the course of the season and she renews a past romantic relationship with Renee Montoya. Camren Bicondova as Selina Cat Kyle – In March 2014, Bicondova was confirmed to have joined the shows cast, according to Bicondova, The main word that I can think of to characterize Selina is that shes just surviving. Shes very mischievous and very challenging to play at times, because she feels emotions, I realized that she isnt just a street thief and a survivor, shes actually a normal girl. Cory Michael Smith as Edward Nygma – Smith joined the cast in April 2014, in May 2014, Smith was promoted to a series regular
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Italians
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Italians are a nation and ethnic group native to Italy who share a common culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a native tongue. The majority of Italian nationals are speakers of Standard Italian. Italians have greatly influenced and contributed to the arts and music, science, technology, cuisine, sports, fashion, jurisprudence, banking, Italian people are generally known for their localism and their attention to clothing and family values. The term Italian is at least 3,000 years old and has a history that goes back to pre-Roman Italy. According to one of the common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The Etruscan civilization reached its peak about the 7th century BC, but by 509 BC, when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan monarchs, its control in Italy was on the wane. By 350 BC, after a series of wars between Greeks and Etruscans, the Latins, with Rome as their capital, gained the ascendancy by 272 BC, and they managed to unite the entire Italian peninsula. This period of unification was followed by one of conquest in the Mediterranean, in the course of the century-long struggle against Carthage, the Romans conquered Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Finally, in 146 BC, at the conclusion of the Third Punic War, with Carthage completely destroyed and its inhabitants enslaved, octavian, the final victor, was accorded the title of Augustus by the Senate and thereby became the first Roman emperor. After two centuries of rule, in the 3rd century AD, Rome was threatened by internal discord and menaced by Germanic and Asian invaders. Emperor Diocletians administrative division of the empire into two parts in 285 provided only temporary relief, it became permanent in 395, in 313, Emperor Constantine accepted Christianity, and churches thereafter rose throughout the empire. However, he moved his capital from Rome to Constantinople. The last Western emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed in 476 by a Germanic foederati general in Italy and his defeat marked the end of the western part of the Roman Empire. During most of the period from the fall of Rome until the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861, Odoacer ruled well for 13 years after gaining control of Italy in 476. Then he was attacked and defeated by Theodoric, the king of another Germanic tribe, Theodoric and Odoacer ruled jointly until 493, when Theodoric murdered Odoacer. Theodoric continued to rule Italy with an army of Ostrogoths and a government that was mostly Italian, after the death of Theodoric in 526, the kingdom began to grow weak
23.
Greenwich Village
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Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply the Village, is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as a haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement. Groenwijck, one of the Dutch names for the village, was Anglicized to Greenwich, two of New Yorks private colleges, New York University and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village. The neighborhoods surrounding it are the East Village and NoHo to the east, SoHo to the south, the East Village was formerly considered part of the Lower East Side and never associated with Greenwich Village. The western part of Greenwich Village is known as the West Village, some believe it starts at Seventh Avenue and its southern extension, a border to the west of which the neighborhood changes substantially in character and becomes heavily residential. The Far West Village is another sub-neighborhood of Greenwich Village that is bordered on its west by the Hudson River and on its east by Hudson Street. Greenwich Village is located in New Yorks 10th congressional district, New Yorks 25th State Senate district, New Yorks 66th State Assembly district, encyclopaedia Britannicas 1956 article on New York states that the southern border of the Village is Spring Street, reflecting an earlier understanding. The newer district of SoHo has since encroached on the Villages historic border, many of the neighborhoods streets are narrow and some curve at odd angles. This is generally regarded as adding to both the character and charm of the neighborhood. In addition, as the meandering Greenwich Street used to be on the Hudson River shoreline, much of the neighborhood west of Greenwich Street is on landfill, but still follows the older street grid. When Sixth and Seventh Avenues were built in the early 20th century, they were built diagonally to the street plan. Unlike the streets of most of Manhattan above Houston Street, streets in the Village typically are named rather than numbered, while some of the formerly named streets are now numbered, they still do not always conform to the usual grid pattern when they enter the neighborhood. The Districts convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Lukes Place, redevelopment in that area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main façade and aesthetics of the buildings during renovation. In the 16th century, Native Americans referred to its farthest northwest corner, by the cove on the Hudson River at present-day Gansevoort Street, the land was cleared and turned into pasture by Dutch and freed African settlers in the 1630s, who named their settlement Noortwyck. In the 1630s, Governor Wouter van Twiller farmed tobacco on 200 acres here at his Farm in the Woods, sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold a sitting of the Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739. The building was designed by Joseph-François Mangin, who would later co-design New York City Hall, by 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, when the Church of St. Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820 it stood in fields south of the road that led from Greenwich Lane down to a landing on the North River. In 1822, a fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to the healthier air of Greenwich Village
24.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
25.
Rede Globo
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Rede Globo, or simply Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Grupo Globo, being by far the largest of its holdings, Globo is headquartered in the Jardim Botânico neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, where its news division is based. The networks main studios are located at a complex dubbed Estúdios Globo. It is composed of 122 owned and affiliate stations throughout Brazil plus its own international networks, Globo TV International. In 2007, Globo moved its operations to high-definition television production for digital broadcasting. Rede Globo is one of the largest media companies in the world, through its network, the broadcaster covers 98. 6% of Brazils territory. Recognized for its quality, the company has already been presented with 14 international Emmys. In July 1957, Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek approved a request by Radio Globo to establish a television channel, on 30 December 1957, the National Council of Telecommunication published a decree which granted a channel in Rio de Janeiro to TV Globo Ltda. Globo then started preparing the beginning of its broadcasting operations. Globo began broadcasting on 26 April 1965 in Rio de Janeiro on channel four and that same day, at about 10,45 a. m. Rubens Amaral formally introduced Rede Globo to viewers in Rio de Janeiro, by May of that same year, the live telecast of the Holy Mass, which later became its longest running and oldest program, was seen for the first time. The following year, Globo purchased another television station, São Paulo-based TV Paulista, expanding its operations, in January 1966, Globo broadcast its first major news coverage on flooding in Rio. Jornal da Globo, another show for the network, was the successor to Ultranoticias. It featured a broadcast time of 15 minutes and was hosted by Hilton Gomez and, later, in 1967, Globo began to build its national network with the affiliation of Porto Alegre-based TV Gaúcha. TV Gaúcha would become Globos affiliate in Florianopolis in the late 1970s and it is one of Globo s oldest affiliates, active since 1962, three years before Globo was launched. Uberlândias TV Triângulo and Goiânias TV Anhanguera soon followed in 1967 and 1968, the now extinct TV Guajará, based in Belém, was launched in 1969, and was followed by TV Verdes Mares the following year. 1968 was also the year in which Globos branch station in Belo Horizonte, Rede Globo Minas, was launched, as well as the very first microwave broadcasts between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. On 1 September 1969, the country and national television broadcasting changed with the premiere of Jornal Nacional and its theme music, The Fuzz by Frank DeVol, became one of the shows trademarks, together with the program logo and the Boa Noite closing established by the hosts
26.
New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies
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The New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies is a secondary school in the Chelsea neighbourhood of Manhattan in New York City. It serves students in grades 6–12 and was described as one of the best schools in Manhattan in 2010 by the New York Post & CUNY, the school is a part of the New York City Department of Education. Admission into the 6th grade is based on an entrance consisting of one page of mathematics problems. For admission into the 9th grade, students must follow the DOE high school admissions process. As of 2013, admissions requirements for the school are a minimum of 85% in all 7th grade classes. Admission into both the 6th and 9th grades is competitive, with 3000 students applying for 190 places in the 6th grade, Lab Middle and Lab High are two discrete schools, and students who are accepted to Lab Middle School are not automatically admitted to Lab high school. Lab high school gives priority to applicants from district 2, the Lab Schools hours are from 8,00 am for high school to 2,50 pm Students may arrive from 7,30 until 8,00 to have free breakfast in the schools cafeteria. It has one of the earliest dismissals among middle schools, the principal of the NYC Lab Middle School is Megan Adams. The principal of the school is Brooke Jackson. The founding principals were Sheila Breslaw and Rob Menken, the Lab School was founded in 1987 and the first location was on 82nd street between First and Second Avenue. Ebony Washington was a Lab High School student who died of AIDS during 10th grade, a commemorative quilt was first made for her by her class. In 2005, a 6th grade class made a second commemorative quilt in her honor, since 1997, there has been an annual HIV/ AIDS Action Day for all Lab students in the first week of December. This day is used to bring HIV/AIDS awareness, LGBTQ acceptance and this is done through collaborating with many local health and education organizations. The day is organized by the AIDS Action League, a group of High School students founded by Alex Tell, Lexi Sasanow. The League handles all of the logistics of the AIDS Action Day, including scheduling workshops, collaborating with outside organizations, in May 2009, Lab collaborated with some of New York Citys top restaurants for TASTES from the Meatpacking District through Chelsea. The festival featured a walk-around tasting of several New York City restaurants for the purpose of raising money for Lab student programs, as of 2016, TASTES continues to be a well-attended, highly publicized fundraiser for Lab Middle and High School
27.
Claire Danes
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Claire Catherine Danes is an American actress. She is the recipient of three Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2012, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world, Danes gained recognition with her role as Angela Chase in the acclaimed 1994 teen drama series My So-Called Life. The role won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and she made her film debut the same year in Little Women. From 1998 to 2000, Danes attended Yale University before dropping out to return to acting and she appeared in an Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues in 2000, and made her Broadway debut playing Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 revival of Pygmalion. She is married to actor Hugh Dancy, with whom she has one child, Danes was born in Manhattan, New York, the daughter of a sculptor and printmaking artist, Carla Danes, and a photographer, Christopher Danes. She has a brother, Asa, who is a lawyer. Danes parents met when they were studying at the Rhode Island School of Design, during Danes childhood her father worked as a general contractor for 20 years, working on residential buildings in a company he ran called Overall Construction in New York. He also worked as a photographer and computer consultant and he is the son of Gibson Andrew Danes, a former dean of the Yale School of Art and Architecture from 1958 to 1968. Danes is named after her grandmother, Claire Danes, who died in 1953. The family lived in a loft on Crosby Street. 3 and PS11 for elementary school and Professional Performing Arts School for junior high school, Danes attended the New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies in New York City. She attended The Dalton School for one year of school before moving with her parents to Santa Monica. Danes said they moved two days after the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Danes graduated from the Lycée Français de Los Angeles in 1997. In 1998, Danes went to Yale University, director Oliver Stone wrote a letter of recommendation. After studying for two years as a major, she dropped out to focus on her film career. Danes started studying dance when she was six years old, Danes took dance classes from Ellen Robbins at Dance Theater Workshop and acting classes at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute at the age of ten. She appeared in theater and video productions in New York City, although she continued to dance, Danes said that her focus shifted to acting by the time she was nine years old
28.
Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School
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Fiorello H. S. state of New York. The school has a mission of arts and academics, preparing students for a career in the arts or conservatory study as well as a pursuit of higher education. The school in 2013–2014 had 2,730 students and 163 staff members, the High School of Music & Art was founded by Fiorello H. LaGuardia in 1936. As the mayor of New York City he wanted to establish a school in which students could hone their talents in music, art. In 1948, a similar institution – the School of Performing Arts – was created in an effort to harness students’ talents in dance, the schools merged on paper in 1961 and were to be combined in one building. However, this many years and it was not until 1984 that they moved to a new concrete building adjacent to Lincoln Center designed by Eduardo Catalano. The Board of Education honored Mayor LaGuardia posthumously by naming the new building after him, Performing Arts was located in midtown on 46th Street, both in Manhattan. Mayor La Guardia regarded Music & Art as the most hopeful accomplishment of his administration as mayor. The 1980 dramatic film Fame was based on student life at the School of Performing Arts prior to its merger into LaGuardia High School. It was so successful that a series, Fame, was launched in 1982, a musical adaptation was premiered in 1988. Paul McCartney said he wanted a school like LaGuardia aka the FAME School in Liverpool, England, with the schools principal, Mark Weatherstone-Witty he created the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts. The schools alumni organization has an executive director and offices at the school. It functions as an independent charitable organization organized under the laws of New York, students at LaGuardia take a full academic course load while participating in conservatory-style arts concentration. Each student majors in one studio, choosing from among Dance, Drama, Art, Vocal Music, Instrumental Music, many graduates from LaGuardia continue their studies in universities or conservatories after graduation. LaGuardia follows up to a 10 period day, including one lab per week, periods are 45 minutes long with a 4-minute break between each period. Each student spends a minimum of two periods in studio classes, during freshman year, each student takes a minimum of two studio classes, and three or more during sophomore, junior, and senior years. By state law, students are required to complete four years of English and history classes, students who do not meet their studio requirements at graduation leave without a studio-endorsed diploma. LaGuardia had offered a track to students entering after 2006
29.
Perfume (2001 film)
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Perfume is a 2001 film about the fashion industry in New York City. Prior to a show, the people involved find themselves embroiled in their own personal battles. Lorenzo Mancini is a famous Slavic designer who learns that he is dying of cancer, with this knowledge, he attempts to make amends with his former wife, Irene, and his lover Guido. In addition, he uses his time to try his very best to convince his son Mario to merge their business with the hippity-hop fashion industry. Estella Warren. Arrianne Jeff Goldblum. Jamie Mariel Hemingway. Leese Hotton Carmen Electra. Simone Omar Epps. J. B
30.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
31.
Natalie Portman
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Natalie Portman is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship. Her first role was in the 1994 action thriller Léon, The Professional and she was later cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. Born in Jerusalem to an Israeli father and American mother, Portman grew up in the eastern United States from the age of three. She studied dancing and acting in New York, and starred in Star Wars, in 1999, Portman enrolled at Harvard University to study psychology, alongside her work as an actress, she completed a bachelors degree in 2003. During her studies she starred in a second Star Wars film and she played leading roles in the historical dramas Goyas Ghosts and The Other Boleyn Girl, and also appeared in Thor and its 2013 sequel. In 2010, Portman starred in the thriller film Black Swan. Her performance received critical acclaim and she earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress, her second Golden Globe Award, the SAG Award, the BAFTA Award. In 2016, she portrayed First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the biographical drama Jackie and she was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and won the BFCA for Best Actress. In May 2008, Portman served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury, the same year she directed a segment of the collective film New York, I Love You. Her first feature film as a director, A Tale of Love, Portman was born on June 9,1981 in Jerusalem. Her original given name was Neta-Lee, a Hebrew name and she is the only child of Shelley, an American homemaker who works as Portmans agent, and Avner Hershlag, an Israeli fertility specialist and gynecologist. Her maternal grandparents, Bernice and Arthur Stevens, were from Jewish families who moved to the United States from Austria and Russia, Natalies paternal grandparents, Mania and Zvi Yehuda Hershlag, were Jewish immigrants to Israel. Zvi, born in Poland in 1914, moved to what was then Mandatory Palestine in 1938 and eventually became an economics professor, One of Natalies paternal great-grandmothers was born in Romania and was a spy for British Intelligence during World War II. Portmans parents met at a Jewish student center at Ohio State University and they corresponded after her father returned to Israel and were married when her mother visited a few years later. In 1984, when Portman was three years old, the moved to the United States, where her father received his medical training. Portman, a citizen of the United States and Israel, has said that although she really love the States. Thats where I feel at home, Portman and her family first lived in Washington, D. C. but relocated to Connecticut in 1988 and then moved to Jericho, New York, on Long Island, in 1990. While living in the Washington, D. C. area, Portman attended Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School in Rockville, Maryland
32.
Central Park
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Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City. Central Park is the most visited park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013. The park was established in 1857 on 778 acres of city-owned land, construction began the same year and the parks first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858. Construction continued during the American Civil War farther north, and was expanded to its current size of 843 acres in 1873, Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U. S. Department of the Interior in 1962. The Conservancy is a organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Parks $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park. Between 1821 and 1855, New York City nearly quadrupled in population, as the city expanded northward up Manhattan, people were drawn to the few existing open spaces, mainly cemeteries, to get away from the noise and chaotic life in the city. Since Central Park was not part of the original Commissioners Plan of 1811, John Randel, Jr. surveyed the grounds. The only remaining surveying bolt from his survey is still visible, it is embedded in a rock just north of the present Dairy and the 65th Street Transverse, the bolt marks the location where West 65th Street would have intersected Sixth Avenue. The state appointed a Central Park Commission to oversee the development of the park, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the Greensward Plan, which was selected as the winning design. The Greensward Plan called for some 36 bridges, all designed by Vaux, ranging from rugged spans of Manhattan schist or granite, to lacy Neo-Gothic cast iron, several influences came together in the design. Landscaped cemeteries, such as Mount Auburn and Green-Wood had set examples of idyllic, naturalistic landscapes, the most influential innovations in the Central Park design were the separate circulation systems for pedestrians, horseback riders, and pleasure vehicles. The crosstown commercial traffic was entirely concealed in sunken roadways, screened with densely planted shrub belts so as to maintain a rustic ambiance, before the construction of the park could start, the area had to be cleared of its inhabitants. Most lived in villages, such as Harsenville, the Piggery District, or Seneca Village, or in the school. Approximately 1,600 residents were evicted under the rule of eminent domain during 1857, Seneca Village and parts of the other communities were razed to make room for the park. During the parks construction, Olmsted fought constant battles with the park commissioners, between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome and the park was substantially completed. The work was documented with technical drawings and photographs. More gunpowder was used to clear the area than was used at the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War, the parks commissioners assigned a name to each of the original 18 gates in 1862. The names were chosen to represent the diversity of New York Citys trades, for example, Mariners Gate for the entrance at 85th Street
33.
The Seagull
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The Seagull is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896. The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays, though the character of Trigorin is considered Chekhovs greatest male role like Chekhovs other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully developed characters. In contrast to the melodrama of mainstream 19th-century theatre, lurid actions are not shown onstage, characters tend to speak in ways that skirt around issues rather than addressing them directly, in other words, their lines are full of what is known in dramatic practice as subtext. The opening night of the first production was a famous failure, Vera Komissarzhevskaya, playing Nina, was so intimidated by the hostility of the audience that she lost her voice. Chekhov left the audience and spent the last two acts behind the scenes, when supporters wrote to him that the production later became a success, he assumed that they were merely trying to be kind. When Konstantin Stanislavsky, the seminal Russian theatre practitioner of the time, directed it in 1898 for his Moscow Art Theatre, the play was a triumph. Stanislavskis production of The Seagull became one of the greatest events in the history of Russian theatre and one of the greatest new developments in the history of world drama. After purchasing the Melikhovo farm in 1892, Chekhov had built in the middle of a cherry orchard a lodge consisting of three rooms, one containing a bed and another a writing table. In spring, when the cherries were in blossom, it was pleasant to live in this lodge, Chekhov eventually moved in and in a letter written in October 1895 wrote, I am writing a play which I shall probably not finish before the end of November. I am writing it not without pleasure, though I swear fearfully at the conventions of the stage and its a comedy, there are three womens parts, six mens, four acts, landscapes, a great deal of conversation about literature, little action, tons of love. Thus he acknowledged a departure from traditional dramatic action and this departure would become a critical hallmark of the Chekhovian theater. Chekhovs statement also reflects his view of the play as comedy, after the plays disastrous opening night his friend Aleksey Suvorin chided him as being womanish and accused him of being in a funk. Chekhov vigorously denied this, stating, Why this libel, after the performance I had supper at Romanovs. Then I went to bed, slept soundly, and next day went home without uttering a sound of complaint, I acted as coldly and reasonably as a man who has made an offer, received a refusal, and has nothing left but to go. Yes, my vanity was stung, but you know it was not a bolt from the blue, I was expecting a failure, and was prepared for it, as I warned you with perfect sincerity beforehand. He is the brother of the famous actress Arkadina, who has just arrived at the estate for a vacation with her lover. Sorin and his guests gather at a stage to see an unconventional play that Arkadinas son, Konstantin Treplyov, has written. The play-within-a-play features Nina, a woman who lives on a neighboring estate
34.
Black Canary
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Black Canary is a fictional superheroine in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by the writer-artist team of Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino, One of DCs earliest super-heroines, Black Canary has appeared in many of the companys flagship team-up titles including Justice Society of America and Justice League of America. Since the late 1960s, the character has frequently been paired with archer superhero Green Arrow professionally and romantically, at her Golden Age debut, Black Canary was the alter ego of Dinah Drake and participated in crime-fighting adventures with her love interest, Gotham City detective Larry Lance. Initially, the character was a hand-to-hand fighter without superpowers who often posed as a criminal to infiltrate criminal gangs, Later stories depicted her as a world-class martial artist with a superpower, the Canary Cry, a high-powered sonic scream which could shatter objects and incapacitate enemies. When DC Comics adjusted its continuity, Black Canary was established as two entities, mother and daughter, Dinah Drake and Dinah Laurel Lance. Stories since the Silver Age have focused on the younger Black Canary, the character is ranked the 71st-greatest comic-book character of all time by Wizard, and IGN rated her its 81st-greatest all-time comic-book hero. She was number 26 on Comics Buyers Guides 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list, Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino created the character in 1947 to be featured in Flash Comics as a supporting character. She appeared as a character in a story featuring Johnny Thunder, I was drawing Johnny Thunder. I suppose he could have been better because his Thunderbolt was interesting, Bob Kanigher wrote those stories, and he had no respect for the characters. These stories were nowhere near as good as The Flash stories, DC knew it — they knew Johnny Thunder was a loser, so Kanigher and I brought the Black Canary into the series. Immediately she got a response, and it was, Bye, bye. According to Amash & Nolen-Weathington, Black Canary is really Carmine Infantinos first character, according to the artist, When Kanigher gave me the script, I said, How do you want me to draw her. He said, Whats your fantasy of a good-looking girl, I made her strong in character and sexy in form. The funny part is that later, while in Korea on a National Cartoonists trip. And I went out with her for three years, Bob didnt ask me for a character sketch. He had a lot of respect for me, I must say that and he always trusted my work… Bob loved my Black Canary design. Dinah Drake made her debut in Flash Comics #86 as a character in the Johnny Thunder feature, written by Robert Kanigher. Initially appearing as a villain, Johnny is instantly infatuated with her, Dinah is later revealed to have been infiltrating a criminal gang
35.
Justice League Unlimited
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Justice League Unlimited is an American animated television series that was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and aired on Cartoon Network, featuring a wide array of superheroes from the DC Comics universe, and specifically based on the Justice League superhero team, it is a direct sequel to the previous Justice League animated series. JLU debuted on July 31,2004 on Toonami and ended with the episode aired May 13,2006 and it was also the final series set in the long-running DC animated universe, which started with Batman, The Animated Series in 1992. In August 2012, The CWs Vortexx Saturday morning block began airing reruns of this series, reruns of this show ended in August 2014. A number of these were heroes who had made guest appearances in Justice League, the general format of each episode is to have a small team assemble to deal with a particular situation, with a focus on both action and character interaction. This extension of the Justice League was originally planned to be explained in a planned feature film. Stan Berkowitz, a member of the team, left the show later for the TV series Friends and Heroes. This plot line builds upon events that occurred during the season of Justice League. It was resolved in a story at the end of the second season of Justice League Unlimited. The third and final story arc focuses on the new Secret Society as the main villains. The series, along the entire DC animated universe, was planned to end after the second-season finale Epilogue. The third season started in 2005 with the episode I Am Legion, according with Matt Wayne, if the show had been renewed for a fourth season, he would have liked to write more episodes focusing on Superman and Wonder Woman. Towards the end of the series, certain characters became off-limits to the show, like Blue Beetle, aquaman and related characters were unavailable due to the development of a pilot for a live-action series featuring the character as a young man, which wasnt picked up at the end. Characters from DCs mature readers Vertigo imprint were not allowed, like Swamp Thing. No characters from the Teen Titans animated series appeared in JLU until after that show had been canceled, to compensate for this, the producers focused some stories on previously overlooked DC Comics characters. These included characters like Deadman, Warlord, and a modern equivalent of The Seven Soldiers of Victory. DC Comics created a monthly comic book series based on the TV series. Justice League Unlimited, like the season of Justice League, is animated in widescreen
36.
The O.C.
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O. C. is an abbreviation of Orange County. The series centers on Ryan Atwood, a troubled but tough young man from a home who is adopted by the wealthy and philanthropic Sandy. Ryan and his foster brother Seth, an awkward yet quick-witted teenager. Ryan and Seth spend much time navigating their relationships with girl-next-door Marissa Cooper, Seths childhood crush Summer Roberts, storylines deal with the culture clash between the idealistic Cohen family and the shallow, materialistic, and closed-minded community in which they reside. The series includes elements of postmodernism, and functions as a mixture of melodrama, the series premiered with high ratings and was one of the most popular new dramas of the 2003–2004 television season. It was widely referred to as a pop cultural phenomenon and received positive reception from critics. However, ratings declined as the show went on, the low ratings led to its cancellation in early 2007, even after an online petition that gained over 700,000 signatures. The O. C. has been broadcast in more than fifty countries worldwide, the series has also been released on DVD, as well as on iTunes. Season 1 focuses on Ryan Atwoods arrival in Newport Beach to live with Sandy and Kirsten Cohen, a major theme of the first season is the culture shock Ryan feels as he adjusts from a life of domestic abuse and poverty to living in a superficial high-class society. He quickly befriends and bonds with Seth Cohen, and begins to have a relationship with Marissa Cooper. Although coming from different backgrounds, Ryan soon discovers that he deals with similar issues to his new peers, such as self-identity conflict. The relationship between Ryan and Marissa flourishes when he supports her through her parents divorce, as the show progresses, Ryan takes a very protective role over Marissa, showing Ryan to be a much more stable, controlled person than originally portrayed. Meanwhile, Sandy Cohen frequently comes into conflict with Caleb Nichol, Kirstens father, the second season of The O. C. continues to follow the tumultuous romantic relationships between Ryan and Marissa, Seth and Summer, and Sandy and Kirsten. and evolve the characters. Ryans character begins to grow when he stands up to Lindsay and convinces her to him to contribute. They later become involved romantically, creating extreme complications and relational shifts amongst the now Cooper-Nichol family, the Bait Shop becomes a prominent social destination for the teenage characters. A number of recurring characters are introduced, such as D. J, Lindsay Gardner, Zach Stevens, and Alex Kelly, with whom the main characters form a variety of relationships. Ryans brother, Trey Atwood, gets out of jail and threatens to bring Ryans old life into his new one, Sandy and Kirsten also face new conflicts after drifting apart during the summer. Season 2 ends with Marissa shooting Trey after Ryan confronts him for attempting to sexually assault Marissa, Season 3 creates many dynamic changes with regards to relationships and power within the characters society
37.
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
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Its Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American television black comedy sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4,2005. It moved to FXX beginning with the season, and has remained there since. It was created by Rob McElhenney, who developed it with Glenn Howerton and it is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney, Howerton, and Charlie Day, all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito. The series follows the exploits of The Gang, a group of self-centered friends who run the Irish bar Paddys Pub in South Philadelphia, the series was renewed for a twelfth season that premiered on January 4,2017. The Gang runs the dilapidated Paddys Pub, an Irish bar in South Philadelphia, each member of the gang shows varying degrees of dishonesty, egotism, selfishness, greed, pettiness, ignorance, laziness, and unethical behavior, they are often engaged in controversial activities. Episodes usually find them hatching elaborate schemes and conspiring against one another and others for personal gain, vengeance and they habitually inflict mental, emotional, and physical pain on each other and anyone who crosses their path. They also regularly use blackmail to manipulate one another and others outside of the group, the Gangs unity is never solid, and any of them would quickly dump any of the others for quick profit or personal gain, regardless of the consequences. Everything they do results in contention among themselves, and much of the shows dialogue involves the characters arguing or yelling at one another, despite their lack of success or achievements, they maintain high opinions of themselves and display an obsessive interest in their own reputations and public images. The Gang has no sense of shame when attempting to get what they want and often engage in activities that others would find humiliating, disgusting and he is a childhood friend of Mac, and high school friend of Dennis and Dee. He is also the roommate of Frank, who may be his biological father, Charlie does most of the actual work and maintenance at the pub. He is unable to read or write, and is a substance abuser who is often seen huffing glue or paint. Charlie has unresolved issues, often screaming as a means of getting his point across. He also has an obsession with The Waitress, a recurring character who finds Charlie repulsive. Despite his character flaws, he is typically the most compassionate, Glenn Howerton as Dennis Reynolds – Dennis is a co-owner of Paddys Pub and is Dees twin brother. Easily the most sociopathic of the characters, Dennis is abrasive, narcissistic, selfish, histrionic, to justify his inflated ego he frequently references a very brief stint at the University of Pennsylvania, where he minored in psychology but dropped out after one semester. It is at times hinted that Dennis may be a serial killer. Rob McElhenney as Ronald Mac McDonald – Mac is a co-owner of Paddys Pub and he is Charlie Kellys childhood friend and Denniss high school friend and later roommate. The son of a felon who has been in prison for much of Macs life, he frequently attempts to demonstrate his toughness
38.
Stargate SG-1 (season 10)
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Season ten of Stargate SG-1, an American-Canadian television series, began airing on July 14,2006 on Sci Fi Channel. The final season of the series concluded after 20 episodes on March 13,2007 on British Sky One, the series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner. Cooper, Joseph Mallozzi, and Paul Mullie served as executive producers, season ten regular cast members include Ben Browder, Amanda Tapping, Christopher Judge, Beau Bridges, Claudia Black, and Michael Shanks. The season is continued with direct-to-DVD film Stargate, The Ark of Truth, will OBrien of TV Squad thought Company of Thieves was, for the most part, a good one, despite a disappointing performance by Rudolf Martin. The tenth and final season of Stargate SG-1 was nominated for a Saturn Award in the category Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series. For his portrayal of Moros in The Quest, Part 2, the episode 200 was nominated for a Hugo Award in the category Best Dramatic Presentation – Short Form
39.
Playwrights Horizons
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Playwrights Horizons was founded in 1971 at the Clark Center Y by Robert Moss, before moving to 42nd Street where it has been instrumental in the revitalization of Theater Row. The current building was built on the site of a former burlesque, andré Bishop served as Artistic Director from 1981 to 1991, followed by Don Scardino who served through 1995. In its 43 years, Playwrights Horizons has worked with over 375 writers and is the recipient of numerous awards, in Trousers, March of the Falsettos, and Falsettoland – William Finn The Dining Room – A. R. Official website Playwrights Horizons Mainstage Theatre at the Internet off-Broadway Database Peter Jay Sharp Theatre at the Internet off-Broadway Database
40.
V (1984 TV series)
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V is a 60-minute weekly television series that aired in the United States on NBC in 1984–85. Johnson, however, was not involved in the production of the weekly series, at a cost of one million dollars per episode, V was the most expensive series to be produced for television. Following directly on from the events of the mini-series V, The Final Battle, the alien Diana escapes from her captured mothership in a shuttle, after a short fight, Donovan captures her. Donovan and Martin, meanwhile, pursue Nathans agents in a stolen helicopter, after reaching the cabin, Donovan is knocked unconscious by Martin, who wants Diana dead. Before Martin can kill her, Diana is able to overpower him and she forces him to surrender his last antidote pill so she can temporarily survive on Earth and then shoots him, enabling her escape to the Southwest Tracking Station. Martin tells Donovan about Dianas plan to contact the Visitor Fleet moments before his death, Donovan meets Ham Tyler, on Bates payroll, and the two agree to pursue Diana together. Their attempts to stop her fail, and Diana escapes to a sent by a Visitor fleet hidden behind the Moon. Diana takes command and launches an invasion of Earth. She learns that the Red Dust bacterium needs freezing temperatures to regenerate, meaning that Visitor troops can safely attack Los Angeles, the Resistance fights however it can, often joined by other rebel groups. Although 50% of the Earth is still protected from The Visitors by the Red Dust, many of the cast and characters reprised their roles from The original miniseries and V. The only character to be played by different actor was Sean Donovan, michael Wright as Elias Taylor – A now semi-retired Resistance member, Elias runs the Club Creole restaurant, which becomes the informal headquarters of the Resistance. Continuing to sympathize with the Resistance, Elias provides employment and safe refuge to Willie, Club Creole is destroyed by a Visitor raid and Elias is later killed attempting to rescue Robin Maxwell. Lane Smith as Nathan Bates – CEO of biotech company Science Frontiers, Bates thirst for power sees him consistently blackmail Diana to gain control of the Los Angeles area, which becomes an open city. He is killed by his henchman, Mr. Chiang, jeff Yagher as Kyle Bates – The disowned rebel son of Nathan Bates, Kyle joins the Resistance, eventually becoming one of its leaders. He falls in love with Elizabeth, and then stows away on The Leaders spacecraft to follow her when she goes into space. Michael Ironside as Ham Tyler – A former CIA agent and Resistance hitman and he soon defects back to the Resistance, but is captured and undergoes conversion by Charles to assassinate Mike. The assassination attempt is unsuccessful, and Ham later departs for Chicago with Chris, jennifer Cooke as the post-metamorphosis Elizabeth – She searches for her mother, Robin. She falls in love with Kyle, which is complicated by Robins own attraction to him, Elizabeth possesses supernatural powers, which she uses to assist the Resistance
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Prisoner of war
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A prisoner of war is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the prisoner of war dates to 1660. The first Roman gladiators were prisoners of war and were named according to their ethnic roots such as Samnite, Thracian, typically, little distinction was made between enemy combatants and enemy civilians, although women and children were more likely to be spared. Sometimes, the purpose of a battle, if not a war, was to capture women, a known as raptio. Typically women had no rights, and were legally as chattel. For this he was eventually canonized, during Childerics siege and blockade of Paris in 464, the nun Geneviève pleaded with the Frankish king for the welfare of prisoners of war and met with a favourable response. Later, Clovis I liberated captives after Genevieve urged him to do so, many French prisoners of war were killed during the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. In the later Middle Ages, a number of religious wars aimed to not only defeat, in Christian Europe, the extermination of heretics was considered desirable. Examples include the 13th century Albigensian Crusade and the Northern Crusades, likewise, the inhabitants of conquered cities were frequently massacred during the Crusades against the Muslims in the 11th and 12th centuries. Noblemen could hope to be ransomed, their families would have to send to their captors large sums of wealth commensurate with the status of the captive. In feudal Japan there was no custom of ransoming prisoners of war, in Termez, on the Oxus, all the people, both men and women, were driven out onto the plain, and divided in accordance with their usual custom, then they were all slain. The Aztecs were constantly at war with neighbouring tribes and groups, for the re-consecration of Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, between 10,000 and 80,400 persons were sacrificed. During the early Muslim conquests, Muslims routinely captured large number of prisoners, aside from those who converted, most were ransomed or enslaved. Christians who were captured during the Crusades, were either killed or sold into slavery if they could not pay a ransom. The freeing of prisoners was highly recommended as a charitable act, there also evolved the right of parole, French for discourse, in which a captured officer surrendered his sword and gave his word as a gentleman in exchange for privileges. If he swore not to escape, he could gain better accommodations, if he swore to cease hostilities against the nation who held him captive, he could be repatriated or exchanged but could not serve against his former captors in a military capacity. Early historical narratives of captured colonial Europeans, including perspectives of literate women captured by the peoples of North America. The writings of Mary Rowlandson, captured in the fighting of King Philips War, are an example
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Melissa McCarthy
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Melissa Ann McCarthy is an American actress, comedian, writer, fashion designer and producer. She began appearing in television and films in the late 1990s, from 2007 to 2009, she appeared as Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who. She has also nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her work as host on Saturday Night Live four years consecutively. In 2013, she co-starred in the comedy films Identity Thief and she appeared in supporting roles in The Nines, The Back-up Plan, Life as We Know It, This Is 40 and The Hangover Part III. In 2014, McCarthy starred in the comedy Tammy and the comedy-drama film St. Vincent, in 2015, she headlined the action comedy film Spy, for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination. In 2016, she starred in the comedy films The Boss, McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded the production company, On the Day Productions. In 2015, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and released womens plus size clothing collection, also in 2015, Forbes named McCarthy the third highest-paid actress in the world that year. In 2016, Forbes named her the worlds second highest-paid actress, McCarthy was born in Plainfield, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. She is the cousin of actress and model Jenny McCarthy and professional basketball player Joanne McCarthy, McCarthy was raised on a farm in a large Catholic family, her father is of Irish descent, while her mother is of English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of her ancestors were from County Cork and she graduated from St. Francis Academy in Joliet, Illinois. Her career started with comedy in Los Angeles, and later in New York City. McCarthy is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improvisational and sketch comedy troupe based in Los Angeles, McCarthy made her first television appearance in an episode of the NBC comedy series Jenny, opposite her cousin Jenny McCarthy. She made her film debut in a minor role in the 1999 comedy Go. She also worked in three episodes of Kim Possible, voicing DNAmy, in 2000, McCarthy was cast as Sookie St. James, the upbeat and klutzy best friend of Lorelai Gilmore, on the The WB television series Gilmore Girls. Throughout the series, Sookie is Lorelais business partner and cheerleader, on April 7,2016, McCarthy announced on The Ellen DeGeneres Show that she would be returning for the shows revival, Gilmore Girls, A Year in the Life, on Netflix. The latter was released November 25,2016 and McCarthy appears in one of its four episodes, in 2007, she starred opposite Ryan Reynolds in the science fantasy psychological thriller The Nines, written and directed by John August. She later starred in the independent comedies The Captain, Just Add Water, also in 2007, McCarthy starred as Dena Stevens on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who. McCarthy played Samanthas socially awkward childhood best friend, whom Samantha hasnt seen since seventh grade, when Samantha wakes from her coma, Dena convinces Samantha that they have always been best friends
