1.
Komsomolskaya Square (Moscow)
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Komsomolskaya Square, known as Kalanchyovskaya before 1932, is one of the busiest squares in Moscow, noted for its impressive blend of revivalist Tsarist and Stalinist architecture. It is often referred to informally as Three Station Square or simply Three Stations thanks to three ornate rail termini situated there, Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky, and Kazansky. Its origins lay with the construction of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway in the 1840s, in 1862 the Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal, a terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway, was constructed nearby. On the opposite side of the field the Kazanskiy Rail Terminal was inaugurated two years later, until 1909, a railway line leading to Kursky Rail Terminal traversed the square, it is now elevated so as not to interfere with street traffic. During the Soviet period, four other intimidating structures were added, alexey Shchusev designed a Constructivist edifice, the Central Club of Railway Workers, in 1925–1926. The square received its present name, in the honour of the Komsomol members, a Stalinist skyscraper of the Hilton Moscow Leningradskaya Hotel and a Neoclassical vestibule of the Komsomolskaya-Koltsevaya metro station were completed in the early 1950s. The most recent addition is the Moskovsky department store on the side of the square. Even in the 21st century, it is this square that greets most visitors arriving to Moscow from Saint Petersburg and the whole northwestern Russia, the Volga region, description and photographs Virtual tour of Komsomolskaya Square
2.
Russia
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Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians
3.
Russian Railways
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JSC Russian Railways, is a Russian vertically integrated company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services. In 2012 it became one of the three largest transport companies in the world, the company was established on September 18,2003, when a decree was passed to separate the railways from the Russian Ministry of the Means of Communication. Full name — Open Joint Stock Company Russian Railways with headquarters in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str, the operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str. Oleg Belozyorov has been president of the company since August 20,2015, JSC Russian Railways was established by Decision №585 of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 18,2003. On October 1,2003, the took over the management functions of the rail networks from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation. RZD got 987 companies out of the 2046 that had formed the MR system, the reform saw the creation of a new market segment following the privatization of the networks rolling stock. The company divided the bulk of its fleet between two new operating companies, Freight One and Freight Two, and private players such as GlobalTrans also entering the market. In the mid-1990s, the profitability of MRs railage fell down to negative values, the reforming of the railway sector in Russia started with the establishment of JSC Russian Railways, October 2003. The new company has received more than 95% of the assets under the Ministry of Transport, on October 28,2011, the largest privatization transaction in the denationalization of the Russian railway industry took place at an auction held in Moscow. The Joint Stock Company Freight One, a subsidiary of Russian Railways, thus, Lisin as Russias largest operator of rolling stock got the control of a quarter of the freight market. On October 16,2012, Russian Railways has completed negotiations with potential buyers of the remaining 25-percent plus 1 share stake in JSC Freight One. The best binding offer was received from the Independent Transport Company LLC, the assets were sold for 50 billion rubles. In early November 2012, Russian Railways announced the purchase of 75% of the French logistics company Gefco SA, the total value of the transaction was 800 million euros, the seller being PSA Peugeot Citroen, the parent company of Gefco. On May 23,2007, Russian Railways adopted a new style which changed fundamentally the way the Company presented itself visually to the outside world. The change of corporate identity underwent several stages during the 2007–2010 period, the final version of the logo was designed by BBDO Branding. Also, commissioned by BBDO Branding The Agency HardCase Design created a family of corporate fonts RussianRail, in the new company logo Sans-serif RussianRail Grotesque Medium was used. In 2008, the new logo of Russian Railways became a runner-up for the design competition WOLDA08 award. The Russian Federation is the founder and sole shareholder of JSC Russian Railways, on behalf of its shareholders the powers are exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation
4.
Moscow Metro
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The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow, Russia and the neighbouring Moscow Oblast cities of Krasnogorsk, Reutov, Lyubertsy and Kotelniki. Opened in 1935 with one 11-kilometre line and 13 stations, it was the first underground system in the Soviet Union. As of 2017, the Moscow Metro excluding the Moscow Central Circle has 206 stations and its length is 339.1 km. The system is underground, with the deepest section 84 metres underground at the Park Pobedy station. The Moscow Metro, an enterprise, is 339. Of the metros 229,78 are deep underground,109 are shallow, the deep stations comprise 55 triple-vaulted pylon stations,19 triple-vaulted column stations, and one single-vault station. The shallow stations comprise 72 spanned column stations,33 single-vaulted stations, in addition, there are 12 ground-level stations, four elevated stations, and one station on a bridge. Two stations have three tracks, and one has double halls, seven of the stations have side platforms. In addition, there were two stations within rail yards. One station is reserved for future service, the Moscow Metro uses the Russian gauge of 1,520 millimetres, like other Russian railways, and an underrunning third rail with a supply of 825 V DC. The average distance between stations is 1.7 kilometres, the shortest section is between Vystavochnaya and Mezhdunarodnaya and the longest is between Krylatskoye and Strogino, long distances between stations have the positive effect of a high cruising speed of 41.7 kilometres per hour. Moscow Metro starts opening at 05,25 and closes at 01,00, the minimum interval between trains is 90 seconds during the morning and evening rush hours. As of 2013 the system has a daily ridership of 6.73 million passengers with the peak of 9.28 million. Since 1 December 2014 free Wi-Fi was available on all lines of the Moscow Metro, the network was launched by MaximaTelecom. Each line is identified by a name, an alphanumeric index, the upcoming station is announced by a male voice on inbound trains to the city center and by a female voice on outbound trains. The metro has a connection to the Moscow Monorail, a 4. 7-km, prior to the official opening, the monorail had operated in excursion mode since 2004. The Filyovskaya and Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya lines had six- and seven-car trains as well, rolling stock on the Koltsevaya line is being replaced with these articulated 81-740/741 «Rusich» four-car trains. The Butovskaya Line was designed by different standards, and has shorter platforms and it employs articulated 81-740/741 trains, which consist of three cars
5.
Komsomolskaya (Sokolnicheskaya Line)
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Komsomolskaya is a Moscow Metro station in the Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Krasnye Vorota and Krasnoselskaya stations and it is located under Komsomolskaya Square, between the Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky, and Kazansky railway terminals. The station was named for the workers of the Komsomol youth league who helped to construct the first Metro line and it has a transfer at the-same-called-station on the Koltsevaya Line. Komsomolskaya was built using the cut and cover method, with beginning on 3 May 1933. Temporary bridges were built over the site to avoid disrupting traffic. To counteract the high table, the station was built on 636 piles which were driven into the saturated soil. Heavy rains in the summer of 1934 threatened the site several times. Nevertheless, the structure of the station was completed by August 26. Due to Komsomolskayas location under a major hub, the station was built with an unusual upper gallery above the platform to help handle rush crowds. The station has pillars faced with pinkish limestone and topped with bronze capitals displaying the emblem of the Komsomol league. The station was designed by Dmitry Chechulin, and a model of it was displayed at the 1937 Paris Worlds fair, the stations southern entrance vestibule is built into the Kazansky Rail Terminal. The northern vestibule is on the side of the square. The latter entrance did not survive in its form, having been replaced with a massive structure serving both this station and Koltsevaya Line station in 1952. There is a branch line between Komsomolskaya and Krasnoselskaya stations, that leads to the Severnoe Depot. On 15 October 1934 the first Metro train left this depot for a trial run, from this station it is possible to transfer to Komsomolskaya on the Koltsevaya Line
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