Morningside, Auckland
Morningside is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It lies four kilometres south-west of the city centre, close to Western Springs; the residential suburb lies between the suburbs of Grey Lynn, Kingsland and Mount Albert, near the arterial North-Western Motorway and Western Railway line. The name comes from a farm estate called "Morningside", subdivided in 1865 for housing lots; the suburb is centred on the Morningside shops which are located on the New North Road, near the Morningside railway station. One of Morningside's largest buildings is the 1920s brick building which housed the Mount Albert Borough Council until Mt Albert was amalgamated with Auckland City in the late 1980s. St Lukes Shopping Centre is close by; the local Secondary schools are Marist College and St Peter's College. Morningside was the setting of the animated TV show Bro'Town, the album title and birthplace of Fazerdaze; the Heart Of Terence Hodgson. Random Century 1992. Photographs of Morningside held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections
Eden Valley, New Zealand
Eden Valley is an inner-city suburb of Auckland, the largest and most populous urban area in New Zealand. The suburb grew around Dominion one of the Auckland's main arterial routes. Eden Valley's commercial hub is made up of a collection of businesses and dining options that service the area; the eclectic collection of shop fronts and signage on Dominion Road has aptly been described as, "colour and chaos". The "colour and chaos" of the commercial hub is contrasted by the surrounding residential area. Eden Valley is characterized by heritage buildings that house modern day businesses, a residential area that has a range of late Victorian and transitional bay villas, basalt and scoria stone walls that give the area a long established feel. Eden Valley is located 3.5 km south of the Auckland Central Business District. Dominion Road makes up the spine of Eden Valley. Eden Valley itself has no definitive beginning or end, but runs from View Road to Ballantyne Square with the intersection of Valley Road and Dominion Road as its central axis from which the suburb radiates out.
Maungawhau provides a navigational landmark to the east and Eden Park is located to the west. Dominion Road traverses some of Auckland’s early lava flows from volcanic Maungawhau and Te Tatua-a-Riukiuta. Eden Valley, as a city suburb, originated as farmland before it was subdivided for residential use and commercial development followed. During the 1840s, John Walters, George Nicol and James Brown were early landowners of Eden Valley, holding substantial land for farming and quarrying stone. Auckland’s volcanic landscape was a blessing for the area. Suburban development in Auckland depended on the availability of land, affordable transport, desire of the middle class to move out of the crowded inner city. Auckland experienced significant growth in population between 1874 and 1886, putting pressure on the areas closest to the city; the population growth combined with public transportation extending outside of the present city centre in the early 1880s created prime conditions for landowners to subdivide their properties for residential use.
Eden Valley's commercial hub began to develop in the 1880s, but it was not until the early 1900s that the development took off. The development and expansion of Dominion Road from 1900 to 1930 mirrored that in nearby Mt Eden village; the principal corner sites were redeveloped with Edwardian two-storey shops with dwellings above. The number of shops increased in the 1920s after the intersection of Dominion Road and Valley Road became the end of the tram line. In Mt Eden, the plentiful supply of volcanic stone, as well as, the ready supply of labourers from the Mt Eden Prison, allowed for a progressive development of early roads, many of which still exist today as main arterial routes. Toll gates were established on several main roads, including Mt Eden Road and Dominion Road, during the 19th century in order to help pay for their upkeep. Public transportation extended from the inner city to the surrounding areas in the late 1870s and early 1880s with horse-drawn buses being the first mode of regular public transportation in the late 1870s.
In 1881 the long-awaited railway came, connecting Newmarket with Helensville with stops in Mt Eden, Morningside and Mt Albert. At the beginning of the 20th century, trams began connecting Mt. Eden, Kingsland, Mt Albert with the city; the trams ran for the last time in the 1950s. Eden Valley falls on the border between the Epsom and Mt Albert constituencies for national Parliament. In terms of local government, Eden Valley comes under the Albert-Eden Local Board, of Auckland Council; the Albert-Eden Local Board includes the suburbs of Waterview, Point Chevalier, Mount Albert, Owairaka, Kingsland, Mount Eden and Greenlane. During the 19th century, the planning and maintenance of the main arterial roads provided the impetus to form local governing bodies in the area; the Mt Eden Highway Board held its first meeting in 1868. At the time it was responsible for building and maintaining the roads, for dealing with the pigs, horses and sheep that roamed the area. In 1882, it became the Mt Eden Road Board.
In 1906, Mt Eden gained the Mt Eden Borough Council was formed. In 1989 the Borough Council amalgamated with Auckland City Council in a nationwide local government reorganisation, and in November 2010, the council was dissolved and it became a ward of the Auckland Council. Dominion Road is a main arterial route in Auckland running north-south across most of the central isthmus; the road is a major public transport route which carries 50,000 bus passengers each week, making it one of the few roads in Auckland on which similar or greater numbers of people travel by public transport than by private car. Dominion Road began as a track created by early landowner, John Walters, connecting his property to Eden Terrace at the Whau Road. Dominion Road known as Mt Roskill Road, was further developed over the years because contractors needed the road to cart basalt and scoria from Mount Roskill and Three Kings quarries. A toll booth near Railway Bridge collected tolls from road users to fund its maintenance.
New Zealand received dominion status in 1907 and Mt Roskill Ro
Auckland CBD
The Auckland central business district called the city centre by Auckland Council, is the geographical and economic heart of the Auckland metropolitan area. The area is made up of the city's largest concentration of businesses; the CBD is one of the most densely developed places in New Zealand, with many commercial and some residential developments packed into a space of only 433 hectares. Bounded by several major motorways and by the harbour coastline in the north, it is surrounded further out by suburban areas. Located on the northern shore of a narrow isthmus, the CBD extends from the Auckland waterfront on the Waitematā Harbour southwards along Queen Street and a number of other parallel-running streets; the CBD is considered to be bounded by the main motorways that surround all non-harbour sides, with State Highway 1 forming the southern and western boundaries, State Highway 16 / Grafton Gully forming the eastern boundary. The CBD has an area of 433 hectares, similar to the Sydney CBD, twice as large as the CBDs of Wellington and Christchurch.
The CBD is to a substantial part located on reclaimed land of the Waitematā Harbour. For a closer discussion of this aspect, see the Commercial Bay and Auckland waterfront articles; the town of Auckland was created in 1840 with the first European colonisation of the area, marked by an official ceremony on the now non-existent Point Britomart. The initial centre of the new town was focused on what is now the corner of Shortland and Queen Streets, at the shoreline of Commercial Bay. From their junction, the main wharf ran north off the end of Queen Street, with Shortland Street leading up to Fort Britomart and Government House, around which many of the richer people built houses. Shortland Street tended to be the location of the more important businesses and most of the'luxury' shops of the mid 19th century; the 1850s onwards saw an increasing number of businesses, retail, locating further south along Queen Street, which still to this day forms the'spine' of the area. In 1841, one year after the European founding, the census counted 2,000 people, with "mechanics" the largest group at 250, other groups of note being 150 agricultural labourers, 100 shopkeepers, 100 domestic servants, 125 "upper class members".
During the remainder of the 19th century, Commercial Bay was progressively filled in, allowing a northward extension of Queen Street and the creation of Fort Street, Customs Street, Quay Street. The part of Queen Street north of Customs Street is today referred to informally as Lower Queen Street; as well as being the location of a great many multi-storey warehouses the Lower Queen Street area contained many manufacturing businesses, though many of these started to move to other areas such as Freeman's Bay and Parnell if they took up a lot of room or created noise or pollution. Up until the middle of the 20th century the centre of town still contained a large number of small factories including clothing manufacturers; the relocation of industries to outlying suburbs became pronounced in the 1950s due to incentives made by council planners to create industrial areas in Penrose and Rosebank Road and thus rid the inner city area of noise and heavy traffic. This was mirrored by the development of suburban shopping malls which enticed retailers to vacate the inner city as well.
Attempts by the council to halt this pattern by constructing numerous public car parking buildings met with varying success. The rise of suburban supermarket and mall shopping, created in places such as Pakuranga from 1965 onwards has been added to by the appearance of Big Box retailers in places such as Botany and the North Shore. Residential numbers in the inner city were declining in the 20th century from as early as the 1920s. In the two-mile zone surrounding the CBD, there were 70,000 people in 1926, with only around 50,000 in 1966 - a change made more marked by the development of the remainder of Auckland's population, which grew more than fourfold in the same timeframe. In the 1990s, only a token population of around 1,400 was still residing within the CBD, though this was to grow with a boom of new apartment buildings around the turn of the millennium. Around 24,000 apartment units exist as of 2010; the CBD of Auckland has been the leading centre of New Zealand's business and economic development for nearly two centuries.
The area of today's CBD was the site of the original European settlement of Auckland, oriented along the coastline and Queen Street, in a southward direction. From those origins, it has grown progressively, become much more densely built-up, now being an area of high-rise buildings used for commercial and retail uses, it has the highest concentration of arts and higher education institutions and venues in the country. Some commentators have noted that the recent decades have not been kind to the aesthetics and the community values of the inner city; the demolishing of many older buildings the prerequisite for low-quality or uninspired new office and residential developments, is considered by them to be due to a combination of developers uninterested in long-term outcomes and Council planning direction being too weak. In an attempt to reverse the decline of aesthetics in the CBD, previous Auckland City Councils and the current unitary Auckland Council have instigated several urban regeneration schemes.
These include the recent redevelopment of Aotea Square in 2010 and the upgrade of Saint Patrick's Square in 2009. The area east o
Merseyside
Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1.38 million. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey. Merseyside spans 249 square miles of land which border Lancashire, Greater Manchester and the Irish Sea to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban, it has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the fifth most populous conurbation in England, dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
For the 12 years following 1974 the county had a two-tier system of local government. The county council was abolished in 1986, so its districts are now unitary authority areas. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference, several county-wide services are co-ordinated by authorities and joint-boards, such as Merseytravel, Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service and the Merseyside Police; the boroughs of Merseyside are joined by the neighbouring borough of Halton in Cheshire to form the Liverpool City Region, a local enterprise partnership and combined authority area. Merseyside is an amalgamation of 22 former local government districts from the former administrative counties of Lancashire and six autonomous county boroughs centred on Birkenhead, Liverpool, Southport, St Helens, Wallasey. Merseyside was designated as a "Special Review" area in the Local Government Act 1958, the Local Government Commission for England started a review of this area in 1962, based around the core county boroughs of Liverpool/Bootle/Birkenhead/Wallasey.
Further areas, including Widnes and Runcorn, were added to the Special Review Area by Order in 1965. Draft proposals were published in 1965, but the commission never completed its final proposals as it was abolished in 1966. Instead, a Royal Commission was set up to review English local government and its report proposed a much wider Merseyside metropolitan area covering southwest Lancashire and northwest Cheshire, extending as far south as Chester and as far north as the River Ribble; this would have included four districts: Southport/Crosby, Liverpool/Bootle, St Helens/Widnes and Wirral/Chester. In 1970 the Merseyside Passenger Transport Executive was set up, covering Liverpool, Sefton and Knowsley, but excluding Southport and St Helens; the Redcliffe-Maud Report was rejected by the incoming Conservative Party government, but the concept of a two-tier metropolitan area based on the Mersey area was retained. A White Paper was published in 1971; the Local Government Bill presented to Parliament involved a substantial trimming from the White Paper, excluding the northern and southern fringes of the area, excluding Chester, Ellesmere Port.
Further alterations took place in Parliament, with Skelmersdale being removed from the area, a proposed district including St Helens and Huyton being subdivided into what are now the metropolitan boroughs of St Helens and Knowsley. Merseyside was created on 1 April 1974 from areas parts of the administrative counties of Lancashire and Cheshire, along with the county boroughs of Birkenhead, Liverpool, St Helens. Following the creation of Merseyside, Merseytravel expanded to take in St Southport. Between 1974 and 1986 the county had a two-tier system of local government with the five boroughs sharing power with the Merseyside County Council. However, in 1986 the government of Margaret Thatcher abolished the county council along with all other metropolitan county councils, so its boroughs are now unitary authorities. Merseyside is divided into two parts by the Mersey Estuary, the Wirral is located on the west side of the estuary, upon the Wirral Peninsula and the rest of the county is located on the east side of the estuary.
The eastern part of Merseyside borders onto Lancashire to the north, Greater Manchester to the east, with both parts of the county bordering Cheshire to the south. The territory comprising the county of Merseyside formed part of the administrative counties of Lancashire and Cheshire; the two parts are linked by the two Mersey Tunnels, the Wirral Line of Merseyrail, the Mersey Ferry. Merseyside contains green belt interspersed throughout the county, surrounding the Liverpool urban area, as well as across the Mersey in the Wirral area, with further pockets extending towards and surrounding Southport, as part of the western edge of the North West Green Belt, it was first drawn up from the 1950s. All the county's districts contain some portion of belt. Raby on the Wirral is Merseyside's green belt. Ipsos MORI polls in the boroughs of Sefton
Kingsland, New Zealand
Kingsland is an inner-city suburb of Auckland, the largest and most populous urban area in New Zealand. Kingsland is under the local governance of the Auckland Council, it is the home of Eden Park, New Zealand's largest stadium, which hosted the finals for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Kingsland has a village centre that contains a series of shops, restaurants and monthly markets. Kingsland was established in the 1880s with the sale of allotments. Kingsland has a heritage trail that features iconic buildings and sites of interest identified by plaques, which uses smartphone technology to provide information on the local history. New North Road is the main thoroughfare in Kingsland, running northeast–southwest from the Auckland Central Business District, with the suburb running along the ridge line. Kingsland's main street is located on New North Road next to the Kingsland railway station and directly across from Eden Park. Don Croot Street, established in the late 1960s, connects the Kingsland stretch of New North Road to the Western Springs stretch of Great North Road.
The Northwestern motorway was cut through in the 1970s, severing the cross streets that linked Kingsland to Surrey Crescent and Arch Hill, leaving Bond St as the sole direct connection to these suburbs. The presence of the motorway means a certain amount of noise, but for the most part Kingsland remains a remarkably quiet suburb. There has been a certain amount of gentrification in the area resulting in several cafes and boutique shops; the local secondary schools are Marist College and St Peter's College. The origins of Kingsland are linked to the European settlement of Auckland. In 1835, Thomas Mitchell, a Sydney trader, purchased land from Āpihai Te Kawau, rangatira of the local Māori tribe, Ngati Whatua, for £160, in a transaction which the Lands Claim Commission disallowed. In 1841, Te Kawau gifted 3,000 acres to the colonial government and Auckland began to take shape as a city. Land continued to be bought and sold, in 1852 John McElwain purchased 55 acres for the purpose of farming and received the adjoining 60 acres from his brother George in what is present-day Kingsland.
Cabbage Tree Swamp Road was one of the original streets in the area, but the settlers of Mt Albert and Kingsland appealed for a change of name, it became Kingsland Road. Auckland experienced significant growth in population between 1874 and 1886, putting pressure on the areas closest to the city; that population growth combined with the establishment of rail and bus connections into the city by the early 1880s created excellent conditions for John McElwain to subdivide his farm. In 1882, 227 allotments were laid out. Kingsland Avenue — along with First, Second and Fourth Avenues — provided road access to the properties. Prices for sections in the subdivision ranged from £28 to £100. By 1903 trams serviced the area, Kingsland was a well-established residential suburb. Public transportation extended from the inner city to the surrounding areas in the late 1870s and early 1880s with horse-drawn buses being the first mode of regular public transportation in the late 1870s. In 1881, the long-awaited railway came, connecting Newmarket with Helensville with stops in Mt Eden, Morningside and Mt Albert.
At the beginning of the 20th century, trams began connecting Mt Eden, Kingsland and Mt Albert with the city. The trams ran for the last time in the 1950s. Kingsland falls within the Mt Albert general constituency and the Tāmaki Makaurau Māori constituency for the national Parliament. In terms of local government, Kingsland comes under the Albert-Eden Local Board of Auckland Council; the Albert–Eden Local Board includes the suburbs of Waterview, Point Chevalier, Mount Albert, Owairaka, Kingsland, Mount Eden and Greenlane. Eden Park is New Zealand's largest stadium with a capacity of 50,000 seats; every year it hosts half a million local and international sports fans and patrons who attend matches and functions at the park. The park underwent a $240 million, three-year redevelopment prior to the 2011 Rugby World Cup. Including a temporary expansion to 60,000 seats and the addition of four giant Māori carvings at each of the four main public entrances; the carvings represent the spirit of the forest.
The carvings were designed by Arekatera Maihi. Eden Park was located at the low point of Cabbage Tree Swamp, with the road running on a causeway across it. Eden Park has been used as a sports ground since 1900, by 1914 the ground was drained and turned into two ovals for cricket. Eden Park has been the home of Auckland Cricket since 1910 and Auckland Rugby since 1925, its 100-year history boasts some of New Zealand's proudest sporting moments, including the 1950 Empire Games, the inaugural 1987 Rugby World Cup, the 1992 Cricket World Cup. Since the early 1900s it has hosted major rugby and cricket matches, is now a regular host of the Bledisloe Cup, ITM Cup, the Super Rugby games. Most Eden Park hosted the finals for the 2011 Rugby World Cup and it has been named the co-host for 2015 Cricket World Cup; the underground rivers that run through the area are known by the Māori as Ngā Ana Wai, which translates to ‘the watery caves.’ These ancient lava caverns were created 30,000 years ago during the eruption of Mount Albert and Maungawhau / Mount Eden.
Water springs up at various locations including Eden Park grounds, swamp land. Many of Kingsland's older buildings have survived by adapting to contemporary uses. Shooters B
Mount Albert (New Zealand)
Mount Albert is a volcanic peak which dominates the landscape of Mount Albert, a suburb of Auckland. Mount Albert was named after Queen Victoria's consort, Prince Albert, following a petition in 1866 to the Superintendent of Auckland Province, Frederick Whitaker; the common Māori name of the peak is Ōwairaka, which means'Place of Wairaka'. An early Māori name, less used, was'Te Puke-o-Ruarangi', which translates as the hill of Ruarangi, he was a Māori people chief and led his people to safety from Ōwairaka pa on top of the peak through one of the caves lower down the hill. The members of his tribe all escaped; the successful war party from the Ngāti Awa tribe were descendants from the Mātaatua canoe. The peak, in parkland at the southern end of the suburb, is 135 metres in height, is one of the many extinct cones which dot the city of Auckland, all of which are part of the Auckland volcanic field; the age of the volcano is unknown. The peak was the site of a Māori pā, a fortified settlement. Extensive quarrying has reduced the height of the scoria cone by about 15 metres and altered its shape, but a few remnants of Māori earthworks such as terracing are still visible.
Current uses of the cone include several playing fields, an archery club and a 31,500 cubic metres water reservoir buried in a paddock on the mountain's southern side. Photographs of Ōwairaka held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections
Greenwoods Corner, New Zealand
Greenwoods Corner is an Auckland neighbourhood located between Epsom and Royal Oak, at the intersection of Pah Road and Manukau Road. It is settled in the lee of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and serves as a convenient launching point for the area's many attractions. Cornwall Park with Maungakiekie and the Stardome Observatory, Alexandra Park with its harness-racing track, Monte Celia Park with the Pah Homestead and TSB Bank Wallace Arts Centre are all a convenient distance from Greenwoods Corner. Greenwoods Corner shopping village is made up of a collection of small enterprises: restaurants, cafés, retail businesses, it is located only 7.3 kilometers from the Auckland Central Business District. Greenwoods Corner was named after an early English landowner, Mr William Greenwood, who purchased the six acres that became Greenwoods Corner for 43 pounds, 5 shillings, 8 pence in 1842. Greenwood built a homestead on a triangular section and sold the remaining land to a syndicate for a subdivision in 1909.
The Greenwood family kept the homestead for 110 years, a significant period of time considering Auckland's short history as a city. During its early development Greenwoods Corner was defined by Manukau Road on the east, Pah Road on the west, Mount Albert Road at its base. Southern Epsom was rural at the time of the first homestead of Greenwoods Corner and was characterized by green fields and grazing cattle. Two Norfolk pines framed the Greenwood Homestead at the triangle in the road, as defining features of the community. Both the pines and the homestead were pulled down by the city for a road widening and improvement scheme in 1954 and the Auckland Savings Bank now stands in the homestead's place. Greenwoods Corner falls within the Maungakiekie constituency for the Parliament. In terms of local government, Greenwoods Corner comes under the Albert-Eden Local Board, of Auckland Council; the Albert-Eden Local Board includes the suburbs of Waterview, Point Chevalier, Mount Albert, Owairaka, Kingsland, Mount Eden and Greenlane.
The dominant landmark for Greenwoods Corner is Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill one of Auckland's many volcanic peaks. Maungakiekie is Auckland's third largest volcanic peak at 183 meters high with three craters. Maungakiekie was the largest and most important Māori pā in pre-European time, was famed for kumara gardens covering 1,000 hectares. Maungakiekie is the Maori name for the mountain; this tree was felled by a European settler in the 1850s. Logan Campbell planted a grove of trees in replacement, but only a single Monterey pine tree survived; this solitary tree became a distinctive feature of Auckland's skyline until it was removed for safety reasons in 2001 after earlier attacks from Maori activists in 1994 and 2000. An obelisk was erected at the top of the hill for Auckland's centenary celebrations in 1940 to honour both the Maori people of Tamaki-makau-rau and Logan Campbell. Mr William Greenwood was born in Brighton, but spent his early life in Bradford, Yorkshire, he travelled to Wellington, New Zealand in September 1840 before moving to Auckland after an earthquake hit Wellington.
Greenwood was a stonemason by trade and was engaged by the government to build old St Paul's Church, completed in 1844. Greenwood's trowel was used by Governor Hobson when he laid the first foundation stone of St Paul's Church, it is now in the collection of the Auckland Art Gallery. Sir John Logan Campbell John Logan Campbell was born in Scotland, he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, but chose not to practice and instead was drawn overseas first to New South Wales in Australia and on to New Zealand. Dr John Logan Campbell purchased 1,000 acre suburban farm located at Maungakiekie in September 1853, which he renamed One Tree Hill. Dr Campbell made his name through different business enterprises and his political life, serving on more than 40 committees, trusts or directorates over the space of five decades, he served as Mayor for Auckland for three months during the Royal visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall in 1901. The visit prompted Campbell to donate part of his estate, 230 acres of One Tree Hill, to the nation and calling this Cornwall Park in honour of the future king.
The following year Dr Campbell was made a Bachelor Knight on the day intended as the coronation day of Edward VII, 26 June 1902. Sir John Logan Campbell died on 22 June 1912, he was survived by his wife, most of their children had predeceased them both; the city of Auckland considered it the passing of one of their patriarchs. Greenwoods Corner is accessible by bus from the Central Business District and Southern Auckland. By vehicle, Greenwoods Corner can be accessed from the Southern Motorway by taking the exit for Market Road and from the South Western Motorway by taking the exit for Queenstown Road off of the roundabout; the Greenwoods Corner Residents Group Greenwoods Corner Business Association Cornwall Park U2 - One Tree Hill - video live
Mount Albert
