1.
Summit
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A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. Mathematically, a summit is a maximum in elevation. The topographic terms acme, apex, peak, and zenith are synonymous, the UIAA definition is that a summit is independent if it has a prominence of 30 metres or more, it is a mountain if it has a prominence of at least 300 metres. This can be summarised as follows, A pyramidal peak is an exaggerated form produced by ice erosion of a mountain top, Summit may also refer to the highest point along a line, trail, or route. In many parts of the western United States, the term refers to the highest point along a road, highway. For example, the highest point along Interstate 80 in California is referred to as Donner Summit while the highest point on Interstate 5 is Siskiyou Mountain Summit, geoid Hill List of highest mountains Maxima and minima Nadir Summit accordance Peak finder
2.
Queensland
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Queensland is the second-largest and third-most-populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west, to the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,750,500, concentrated along the coast, the state is the worlds sixth largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australias third largest city, often referred to as the Sunshine State, Queensland is home to 10 of Australias 30 largest cities and is the nations third largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its tropical climate, is a major industry. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, the first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney, New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement was allowed from 1842, the state was named in honour of Queen Victoria, who on 6 June 1859 signed Letters Patent separating the colony from New South Wales. The 6th of June is now celebrated statewide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, the history of Queensland spans thousands of years, encompassing both a lengthy indigenous presence, as well as the eventful times of post-European settlement. The north-eastern Australian region was explored by Dutch, Spanish and French navigators before being encountered by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the Australian Labor Party has its origin as a formal organisation in Queensland and the town of Barcaldine is the symbolic birthplace of the party. June 2009 marked the 150th anniversary of its creation as a colony from New South Wales. The Aboriginal occupation of Queensland is thought to predate 50,000 BC, likely via boat or land bridge across Torres Strait, during the last ice age Queenslands landscape became more arid and largely desolate, making food and other supplies scarce. This led to the worlds first seed-grinding technology, warming again made the land hospitable, which brought high rainfall along the eastern coast, stimulating the growth of the states tropical rainforests. In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now Weipa and this was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia, and it also marked the first reported contact between European and Aboriginal Australian people. The region was explored by French and Spanish explorers prior to the arrival of Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Cook claimed the east coast under instruction from King George III of the United Kingdom on 22 August 1770 at Possession Island, naming Eastern Australia, including Queensland, the Aboriginal population declined significantly after a smallpox epidemic during the late 18th century
3.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
4.
Mountain range
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A mountain range is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains. A mountain system or system of ranges, sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically related. Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys, individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earths land surface are associated with either the Pacific Ring of Fire or the Alpide Belt. The Andes is 7,000 kilometres long and is considered the worlds longest mountain system. The Alpide belt includes Indonesia and southeast Asia, through the Himalaya, the belt also includes other European and Asian mountain ranges. The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest, mountain ranges outside of these two systems include the Arctic Cordillera, the Urals, the Appalachians, the Scandinavian Mountains, the Altai Mountains and the Hijaz Mountains. If the definition of a range is stretched to include underwater mountains. The mountain systems of the earth are characterized by a tree structure, the sub-range relationship is often expressed as a parent-child relationship. For example, the White Mountains of New Hampshire and the Blue Ridge Mountains are sub-ranges of the Appalachian Mountains, equivalently, the Appalachians are the parent of the White Mountains and Blue Ridge Mountains, and the White Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains are children of the Appalachians. The position of mountains influences climate, such as rain or snow, when air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools producing orographic precipitation. As the air descends on the side, it warms again and is drier. Often, a shadow will affect the leeward side of a range. Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to forces which work to tear them down. Erosion is at work while the mountains are being uplifted and long after until the mountains are reduced to low hills, rivers are traditionally believed to be the principle erosive factor on mountain ranges, with their ability of bedrock incision and sediment transport. The rugged topography of a range is the product of erosion. The basins adjacent to a mountain range are filled with sediments which are buried and turned into sedimentary rock. The early Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado provides an example and this mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift
5.
Volcanic plug
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A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of pressure if rising volatile-charged magma is trapped beneath it, glacial erosion can lead to exposure of the plug on one side, while a long slope of material remains on the opposite side. Such landforms are called crag and tail, if a plug is preserved, erosion may remove the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains, producing a distinctive upstanding landform. An example of two volcanic plugs can be found at the Pitons, in Saint Lucia, as they rise out of the eastern Caribbean Sea. Near the village of Rhumsiki in the Far North Province of Cameroon, spectacular volcanic plugs are present in the center of La Gomera island in the Canary Islands archipelago, within the Garajonay National Park. In New Zealands South Island, Ōnawe Peninsula on Banks Peninsula is a prominent volcanic plug, in Australia, the The Nut in Tasmania is a further example, along with Mount Warning. Borgarvirki is a volcanic plug located in north Iceland, a volcanic plug is situated in the town of Motta SantAnastasia in Italy. Saint Michel dAiguilhe chapel, whose construction started in 969, near Le Puy-en-Velay in France, the volcanic plug rises about 85 metres above the surroundings. Another building on a plug is the 14th century Trosky Castle in the Czech Republic. Rockall, a small, uninhabited, remote islet in the North Atlantic Ocean, is also a volcanic plug, in the United Kingdom, two examples of a building on a volcanic plug are the Castle Rock in Edinburgh, Scotland, and Deganwy Castle, Wales. The Law, Dundee, Ailsa Craig, Bass Rock, North Berwick Law, there are over 30 volcanic plugs in Northern Ireland, including Slemish in Ballymena, Tievebulliagh, Scawt Hill, Carrickarede, Scrabo and Slieve Gallion. Examples of volcanic plugs in the United States include Morro Rock, California and Laurel Hill, Devils Tower in Wyoming, as well as Little Devils Postpile located in Yosemite National Park, are also thought to be a volcanic plug by many geologists. Another example of a plug in the eastern USA is the highly eroded Starks Knob basaltic structure located along the Hudson River near Saratoga Springs. However, some geologists believe Starks Knob is not a plug at all, the origin of Devils Tower is not totally clear. Although it is admitted that it was formed by igneous intrusion, it is not necessarily a volcanic plug. In New Mexico, Shiprock is a further example, the Pitons of Saint Lucia, in the eastern Caribbean Sea are two volcanic plugs that rise abruptly out of the sea and are part of a UNESCO World Heritage site. The highest mountain plug rises to a height of nearly 760 metres, in Canada, the Castle Rock, located in British Columbia, is a volcanic plug that had volatile-charged magma still beneath it, leading to a Volcanic Explosivity Index 2 eruption
6.
South East Queensland
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The area covered by South East Queensland varies, depending on the definition of the region. South East Queensland was the first part of Queensland to be settled and explored by Europeans, settlements initially arose in the Brisbane and Ipswich areas with activity by European immigrants spreading in all directions from there. Various industries such as cutting and agriculture quickly developed at locations around the region from the 1840s onwards. Transport links have been shaped by the range of found in South East Queensland. The economy of South East Queensland supports and relies on a diversity of agricultural manufacturing industries, commerce. The region has a public transport system, TransLink. The term South East Queensland has no equivalent political representation, the area covers many lower house seats at the federal and state levels. As Queensland has no house, there are no Legislative Council provinces or regions to bear the name either. South East Queensland was home to around 20,000 Aboriginals prior to British occupation, according to history researchers the Aboriginal population declined to around 10,000 over the next 60 years. Early explorers in the area including Matthew Flinders, Allan Cunningham, John Oxley, around 1839, European settlers were able to move into the region. Logging was the first industry to develop, the first railway built in Queensland linked Grandchester to Ipswich in 1865 along a narrow 1067 mm gauge. Major floods were experienced in 1893,1974 and 2011, in 2005, the region suffered its worst drought in recorded history. Queenslands third highest peak, Mount Barney, is located in the south of the region, the Cunningham Highway passes southwest to the Darling Downs via Cunninghams Gap. Several highways including the Bruce Highway, Warrego Highway and the Pacific Motorway link to the adjoining regions, mcPherson Range, Teviot Range, DAguilar Range, Little Liverpool Range, Blackall Range as well as the Springbrook Plateau and Tamborine Mountain Plateau. Isolated volcanic peaks are found at Moogerah Peaks and the Glass House Mountains, along the coast are several large islands including Bribie Island, Moreton Island and North Stradbroke Island with many smaller islands in Moreton Bay. Several major water supply and flood mitigation dams have been constructed here, the Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme and Gold Coast Desalination Plant were recently built to counter the effects of drought in South East Queensland. South East Queensland generally consists of the regions, each of which is also a local government area, Brisbane - the capital. Logan City - a largely residential area between Brisbane and the Gold Coast, Moreton Bay Region - a largely residential area between Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast
7.
Oligocene
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The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start. The name Oligocene comes from the Ancient Greek ὀλίγος and καινός, the Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene Period, the Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between the archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern ecosystems of the Miocene. Major changes during the Oligocene included an expansion of grasslands. By contrast, the Oligocene–Miocene boundary is not set at an easily identified worldwide event, Oligocene faunal stages from youngest to oldest are, The Paleogene Period general temperature decline is interrupted by an Oligocene 7-million-year stepwise climate change. A deeper 8.2 °C,400, 000-year temperature depression leads the 2 °C, the stepwise climate change began 32.5 Ma and lasted through to 25.5 Ma, as depicted in the PaleoTemps chart. The Oligocene climate change was a increase in ice volume. The 7-million-year depression abruptly terminated within 1–2 million years of the La Garita Caldera eruption at 28–26 Ma, a deep 400, 000-year glaciated Oligocene Miocene boundary event is recorded at McMurdo Sound and King George Island. During this epoch, the continued to drift toward their present positions. Antarctica became more isolated and finally developed an ice cap, a brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. Marine fossils from the Oligocene are rare in North America, there appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe, since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. Sometime during the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and it also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the Antarctic continent. Angiosperms continued their expansion throughout the world as tropical and sub-tropical forests were replaced by deciduous forests. Open plains and deserts became more common and grasses expanded from their habitat in the Eocene moving out into open tracts. However, even at the end of the period, grass was not quite enough for modern savannas. In North America, subtropical species dominated with cashews and lychee trees present, and temperate trees such as roses, beeches, the legumes spread, while sedges, bulrushes, and ferns continued their ascent. Even more open landscapes allowed animals to grow to larger sizes than they had earlier in the Paleocene epoch 30 million years earlier, marine faunas became fairly modern, as did terrestrial vertebrate fauna on the northern continents
8.
Australian Aboriginal mythology
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Australian Aboriginal myths are the stories traditionally performed by Aboriginal peoples within each of the language groups across Australia. All such myths variously tell significant truths within each Aboriginal groups local landscape, some emerged at their specific sites and stayed spiritually in that vicinity. Others came from somewhere else and went somewhere else, an Australian linguist, R. M. W. In the case of the Atherton Tableland, myths tell of the origins of Lake Eacham, Lake Barrine, geological research dated the formative volcanic explosions described by Aboriginal myth tellers as having occurred more than 10,000 years ago. Pollen fossil sampling from the silt which had settled to the bottom of the confirmed the Aboriginal myth-tellers story. When the craters were formed, eucalyptus forests dominated rather than the current wet tropical rain forests, Dixon observed from the evidence available that Aboriginal myths regarding the origin of the Crater Lakes might be dated as accurate back to 10,000 years ago. Since then, Dixon has assembled a number of examples of Australian Aboriginal myths that accurately describe landscapes of an ancient past. The Lake Eyre myths, telling of the deserts of Central Australia as once having been fertile, well-watered plains, and this oral story matches geologists understanding that there was a wet phase to the early Holocene when the lake would have had permanent water. There are 900 distinct Aboriginal groups across Australia, each distinguished by unique names usually identifying particular languages, dialects, each language was used for original myths, from which the distinctive words and names of individual myths derive. The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia nevertheless observes, One intriguing feature is the mixture of diversity and similarity in myths across the entire continent, the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliations booklet, Understanding Country, formally seeks to introduce non-indigenous Australians to Aboriginal perspectives on the environment. Mountains, rivers, waterholes, animal and plant species, link many sacred sites together in a web of Dreamtime tracks criss-crossing the country. Dreaming tracks can run for hundreds, even thousands of kilometres, in addition, such performance often continuously incorporates and mythologises historical events in the service of these social purposes in an otherwise rapidly changing modern world. W. Dixon writes, It is always integral and common and that the Law is something derived from ancestral peoples or Dreamings and is passed down the generations in a continuous line. While. entitlements of particular human beings may come and go, the entitlements of people to places are usually regarded strongest when those people enjoy a relationship of identity with one or more Dreamings of that place. This is an identity of spirit, a consubstantiality, rather than a matter of mere belief, the Dreaming pre-exists and persists, while its human incarnations are temporary. People come and go but the Land, and stories about the Land and this is a wisdom that takes lifetimes of listening, observing and experiencing. There is an understanding of human nature and the environment. Sites hold feelings which cannot be described in physical terms, subtle feelings that resonate through the bodies of these people
9.
Trachyte
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Trachyte is an igneous volcanic rock with an aphanitic to porphyritic texture. It is the equivalent of syenite. The mineral assemblage consists of essential alkali feldspar, relatively minor plagioclase, biotite, clinopyroxene and olivine are common accessory minerals. Chemically, trachyte contains 60 to 65% silica content, less SiO2 than rhyolite and these chemical differences are consistent with the position of trachyte in the TAS classification, and they account for the feldspar-rich mineralogy of the rock type. Trachytes usually consist mainly of sanidine feldspar, very often they have minute irregular steam cavities which make the broken surfaces of specimens of these rocks rough and irregular, and from this character they have derived their name. The trachytes are often described as being the equivalents of the plutonic syenites. Rhomb porphyry is an example with usually large porphyritic rhomb shaped phenocrysts embedded in a very fine-grained matrix, quartz is typically rare in trachyte, but tridymite is by no means uncommon. They often cover the surfaces of the larger feldspars or line the cavities of the rock. In the older trachytes, secondary quartz is not rare, of the mafic minerals present, augite is the most common. It is usually of pale color, and its small crystals are often very perfect in form. Olivine is unusual, though found in some trachytes, like those of the Arso in Ischia, basic varieties of plagioclase, such as labradorite, are known also as phenocrysts in some Italian trachytes. Dark brown varieties of augite and rhombic pyroxene have been observed but are not common, apatite, zircon and magnetite are practically always present as accessory minerals. Trachytes, being rich in potassium feldspar, necessarily contain considerable amounts of alkali. Occasionally minerals of the group, such as nepheline, sodalite and leucite, occur. In many trachytes, however, the phenocrysts are few and small, the ferromagnesian minerals rarely occur in large crystals, and are usually not conspicuous in hand specimens of these rocks. Sometimes granular augite or spongy riebeckite occurs in the groundmass, trachytes are well represented among the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Europe. In the neighborhood of Rome, Naples and the island of Ischia trachytic lavas, trachytes are also found on the island of Pantelleria. In the United States, trachytes crop out extensively in the Davis Mountains, Chisos Mountains, in England there are Permian trachytes in the Exeter district, and Carboniferous trachytes are found in many parts of the central valley of Scotland
10.
Government of Queensland
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The Government of Queensland, also referred to as the Queensland Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of Queensland. The Government of Queensland, a constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1859 as prescribed in its Constitution. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, Queensland has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, under the Australian Constitution, Queensland ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters not in conflict with the Commonwealth. Key state government offices are located at 1 William Street in the Brisbane central business district, the Government of Queensland operates under the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom. The Governor of Queensland, as the representative of the Monarch, holds nominal power, the Parliament of Queensland holds legislative power, while executive power lies with the Premier and Cabinet, and judicial power is exercised by a system of courts and tribunals. The Parliament of Queensland is the states legislature and it consists of the Monarch, and a single chamber, the Legislative Assembly. Queensland is the only Australian state with a unicameral parliament after a second chamber, the Legislative Assembly has 89 members, one representing each electoral district in Queensland. Elections for the Legislative Assembly are held every three years. The Cabinet of Queensland is the governments chief policy-making organ, and consists of the Premier, the Queensland Government delivers services, determines policy and regulations, including legal interpretation, by a number of agencies grouped under areas of portfolio responsibility. Each portfolio is led by a government minister who is a member of the Parliament, the judiciary of Queensland consists of the Magistrates Court, the District Court, and the Supreme Court, as well as a number of smaller courts and tribunals. The Chief Justice of Queensland is the states most senior judicial officer, the Magistrates Court is the lowest tier of the judicial hierarchy of Queensland. The courts civil jurisdiction covers matters in which the amount in dispute is less than or equal to $150,000, Appeals against decisions by the Magistrates Court are heard by the District Court. The District Court is the tier of the judicial hierarchy of Queensland. The court has jurisdiction to all appeals from decisions made in the Magistrates Court. Its criminal jurisdiction covers serious indictable offences, the courts civil jurisdiction covers matters in which the amount in dispute is more than $150,000 but less than or equal to $750,000. Appeals against decisions by the District Court are heard by the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court is the highest tier of the judicial hierarchy Queensland. The court has two divisions, the Trial Division and the Court of Appeal, the Trial Divisions jurisdiction covers serious criminal offences, and civil matters involving claims of more than $750,000. The Court of Appeals jurisdiction allows it to hear cases on appeal from the Trial Division, the District Court, Appeals against decisions by the Court of Appeal are heard by the High Court of Australia
11.
Glass House Mountains
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The Glass House Mountains are a group of eleven hills that rise abruptly from the coastal plain on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. The highest hill is Mount Beerwah at 556 meters above sea level, mt Ngungun is a sub volcanic mountain. This means Mount Ngungun is a sub volcanic rock known as a Hypabyssal Rock. It is a rock that is emplaced at medium to shallow depths within the crust. Mount Ngungun and the Glass House Mountains are located near Beerburrum State Forest, from Brisbane, follow the Bruce Highway north, take the Glass House Mountains tourist drive turn-off and follow the signs to the Glass House Mountains. The trip is one hour and eleven minutes from Brisbane. The Volcanic peaks of the Glass House Mountains rise dramatically from the surrounding Sunshine Coast landscape and they were formed by intrusive plugs, remnants of volcanic activity that occurred 25-27 million years ago. Molten rock filled small vents or intruded as bodies beneath the surface, millions of years of erosion have removed the surrounding exteriors of volcanic cores and softer sandstone rocks. Whilst the traditional names for the hills themselves are very old, the peaks reminded him of the glass furnaces in his home county of Yorkshire. Matthew Flinders explored the area and climbed Mount Beerburrum after sailing along Pumicestone Passage in 1799, the Glass House Mountains National Landscape was added to the Australian National Heritage List on 3 August 2006. In the land between the peaks, pineapple and poultry farming, as well as forestry and quarrying are the main land uses. The range was formed as molten lava cooled to form hard rock in the cores of volcanoes between 26-27 million years ago, the source of the lava was from the East Australia hotspot. The cores of the hills contain columns of comendite from lava which cools quickly into a hard rock, the surrounding softer rocks have been eroded in the subsequent time, forming the spectacular volcanic plugs that remain today. The peaks location relative to other exhibits an alignment that is believed to have occurred due to fracturing. Each of the peaks is protected within the Glass House Mountains National Park, some of the peaks display vertical columns, particularly Mount Coonowrin, Mount Ngungun and Mount Beerwah at the Organ Pipes. These columns are the result of lava contraction, scattered throughout the hills are shallow caves which have been formed by wind erosion on rocks that were softened by groundwater. The peaks are culturally significant to the owners, the Gubbi Gubbi people. Under a native title claim, access to the peaks could be restricted as they are considered spiritual places, to the south east of the Glass House Mountains township is an Aboriginal bora ring
12.
Caboolture, Queensland
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Caboolture /kəˈbʊltʃər/ is an urban centre or satellite city approximately 44 kilometres north of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. At the 2011 census, Caboolture had an population of 59,052. It hosts a country music festival and a ute muster each year. The Kabi indigenous people are the custodians of the area now known as Caboolture. The name Kabultur is derived from the Yugarabul dialect meaning place of the carpet snake, the Kabi people harvested bush food, fresh water mussels, oysters, fish, and some game animals, moving around the land to take best advantage of seasonally-available produce. Each year in March, the Kabi people would hold Bunya Festivals to feast on the plentiful and these huge trees provided a food source which could sustain large numbers of people. Neighbouring clans were invited to the festivals, where singing, dancing story-telling, trading and arranging of marriages took place, the Caboolture area was colonised by European people in 1842 when the land around the Moreton Bay penal colony was opened up to free settlers. By the mid-1860s the local pastoralists were experimenting with sugar cane, Caboolture Post Office opened on 1 September 1869. Settlement in Caboolture was accelerated with the discovery of gold at Gympie, in 1868, the town was used as a stop-over point by the Cobb and Co coach service connecting Brisbane, Gympie and Maryborough. This function continued with the rail link established in 1888, formerly a small dairy town, the location of Caboolture on the corridor between Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast resulted in an influx of residents in the 1970s and 1980s. The other top responses for country of birth were New Zealand 4. 1%,86. 2% of people spoke only English at home. Caboolture is a transport hub. Caboolture railway station is the terminus for QR Citytrains Caboolture railway line, citytrain operates regular services to Brisbane, in addition to interurban services to Nambour and Gympie, with significant expansion of services north of Caboolture planned over the next decade. The area is serviced by two bus companies, Caboolture Bus Lines and the larger Kangaroo Bus Lines, Caboolture also contains its own airfield, which primarily services general and recreational aviation. Visiting aircraft are able to operate into the Caboolture airstrip, which is under the control of the Caboolture Aero Club Inc. Additionally the airport is home to a number of enterprises and attractions - amongst them, the Caboolture Warplane Museum, skydiving club. Caboolture is a sporting town with rugby league and cricket teams having strong support. Caboolture also hosts the yearly Australian Golden Gloves amateur boxing tournament at the end of August, the Caboolture Football Club has a strong community base
Media related to Mount Beerwah at Wikimedia Commons