Muhammad Ali of Egypt
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Muhammad Ali was the Ottoman viceroy and governor who became the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, widely considered the founder of modern Egypt. At the height of his rule in 1840, he control
Portrait by Auguste Couder, 1840
Muhammad Ali's house in Kavala, now in northeastern Greece.
Massacre of the Mamelukes by Horace Vernet, 1819. The painting depicts the 1811 massacre of Mamelukes at the Citadel of Cairo in 1811
Muhammad Ali by Jean-François Portaels, 1847
Abbas I of Egypt
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Abbas Helmy I of Egypt was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan. He was a son of Tusun Pasha, the younger son of Muhammad Ali Pasha whom he succeeded as de facto ruler of Egypt and Sudan. The Chambers Biograph
