Muhammad Ali of Egypt
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Muhammad Ali was the Ottoman viceroy and governor who became the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, widely considered the founder of modern Egypt. At the height of his rule in 1840, he control
Portrait by Auguste Couder, 1840
Muhammad Ali's house in Kavala, now in northeastern Greece.
Massacre of the Mamelukes by Horace Vernet, 1819. The painting depicts the 1811 massacre of Mamelukes at the Citadel of Cairo in 1811
Muhammad Ali by Jean-François Portaels, 1847
Ottoman Egypt
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Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517. The Ottomans administered Egypt as a province of their empire. It remaine
Ottoman Cairene cruciform table carpet, mid 16th century
Alexandria in the late 18th century, by Luigi Mayer
Murad Bey by Dutertre in Description de l'Egypte, 1809
Battle of the Pyramids, Francois-Louis-Joseph Watteau, 1798–1799