Muhammad II of Khwarazm
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'AlΔ' al-Din Muhammad was the Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 1200 to 1220. His ancestor was Anushtegin Gharchai, a Turkic Ghulam who eventually became a viceroy of a small province named Khwarizm. He was subjected to the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire, which resulted in the utter destruction of his empire.
Depiction of Muhammad II in a 1430 manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
A coin of 'Ala al-Din Muhammad II citing Abbasid caliph al-Nasir and minted in the newly conquered Ghurid capital of Ghazni.
Gold dinar of Ala ad-Din Muhammad II, struck at the Bukhara mint
Muhammad II's death, depicted in a 1430 manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
Khwarazmian Empire
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The Khwarazmian or Khwarezmian Empire was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic mamluk origin. Khwarazmians ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran from 1077 to 1231; first as vassals of the Seljuk Empire and the Qara Khitai, and from circa 1190 as independent rulers up until the Mongol conquest in 1219β1221.
Coin minted under Atsiz, citing his Seljuk suzerain Ahmad Sanjar
Khwarazmshah Il-Arslan at his coronation, painting from the book Jami' al-Tawarikh (c. 1306β1314)
Mausoleum of Ala al-Din Tekish in Konye-Urgench (former Gurganj) in present-day Turkmenistan
Muhammad II's death, depicted in a 1430 manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani