Husam ad-Din Muhanna ibn Isa was the Arab lord of Palmyra and amir al-ʿarab under the Mamluk Sultanate. He served between 1284 and his death, but was dismissed and reinstated four times during this pe

Salamiyah is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. It is located 33 kilometres southeast of Hama, 45 kilometres northeast of Homs. Its inhabitants are predominantly I