1.
Music of the United States
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The music of the United States reflects the countrys multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish, the United States has the worlds largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is known as the United States. Beginning in the 17th century, immigrants from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Germany, African slaves brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot. Much of modern music can trace its roots to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European, there are also strong African roots in the music tradition of the original white settlers, such as country and bluegrass. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, Modern day music is heavily influenced by previous and present African-American music genres. Some distinct aspects of American music, like the format, are derived from African techniques. Throughout the later part of American history, and into modern times, the Civil War, and the period following it, saw a general flowering of American art, literature and music. Amateur musical ensembles of this era can be seen as the birth of American popular music, Music author David Ewen describes these early amateur bands as combining the depth and drama of the classics with undemanding technique, eschewing complexity in favor of direct expression. If it was music, the words would be in English. In a way, it was part of the awakening of America that happened after the Civil War, a time in which American painters, writers. Music intertwines with aspects of American social and cultural identity, including through social class, race and ethnicity, geography, religion, language, gender, the relationship between music and race is perhaps the most potent determiner of musical meaning in the United States. The development of an African American musical identity, out of disparate sources from Africa, little documentation exists of colonial-era African American music, when styles, songs, and instruments from across West Africa commingled in the melting pot of slavery. In contrast, country music derives from both African and European, as well as Native American and Hawaiian, traditions and yet has long been perceived as a form of white music. Country music is also intertwined with identity, and is specifically rural in origin and function, other genres, like R&B. For much of American history, music-making has been a feminized activity, in the 19th century, amateur piano and singing were considered proper for middle- and upper-class women
Music of the United States
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Philip Glass in Florence, 1993
Music of the United States
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Sheet music for "
Dixie "
Music of the United States
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19th-century song composer
Stephen Foster
Music of the United States
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Blues singer
Bessie Smith
2.
Music of Alabama
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Alabama has played a central role in the development of both blues and country music. Appalachian folk music, fiddle music, gospel, spirituals, the Tuskegee Institutes School of Music, especially the Tuskegee Choir, is an internationally renowned institution. The state song of Alabama is entitled Alabama and it was written by Julia Tutwiler and composed by Edna Gockel Gussen. It was adopted as the song in 1931. Muscle Shoals, Alabama is renowned worldwide as one of the epicenters of the music industry, the studios of the Muscle Shoals area figure prominently in the history of rock, country and R&B through the 1960s, 70s & 80s. FAME Studios, Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, Wishbone Studios, Quinvy Studios, East Avalon Recorders/ClearDay Studio, the notable studio house bands include The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, The Swampers, The Muscle Shoals Horns, and The Fame Gang. The Alabama Music Hall of Fame was created by the Alabama state legislature as an agency in 1980. A12,500 square foot exhibit hall opened in Tuscumbia in 1990, the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame is located in Birmingham, housed in the historic Carver Theatre. It was founded in 1978 and opened a museum in 1993, the Commodores and their former front man Lionel Richie both hail from Tuskegee. Rick Hall, founder of FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals is a producer of classic R&B, pop. The festival is held in the summer, and cake. Piedmont and country singer, guitarist, and songwriter Ed Bell was born near Fort Deposit. Though born in Frayser, a community in North Memphis, Tennessee, Johnny Shines, Blues singer and guitarist, moved to Holt, Alabama, in Tuscaloosa County, in 1969, Shines died on April 20,1992, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame later the same year, tubist Howard Johnson of the Saturday Night Live band hails from Montgomery. The museum of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame honors many of fine musicians. In the 1930s and 40s, college bands, such as the Alabama Cavaliers, the Auburn Knights. In addition, there is a horn section, the Tuscaloosa Horns. Ward Swingle, world famous multiple Grammy Award winning jazz vocal composer and pianist, Birmingham contributed prominently to the history of jazz in America
Music of Alabama
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Julia Tutwiler, an advocate for education and prison reform, wrote the state song, "Alabama".
Music of Alabama
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The historic Carver Theatre today houses the Jazz Hall of Fame
Music of Alabama
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A stamp commemorating W.C. Handy, considered by many the "father of the blues"
3.
Music of Samoa
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Traditional Samoan musical instruments included a fala, which is a rolled-up mat beaten with sticks. It is an idiophone which often accompanied choral singing, another idiophone, a soundingboard, sometimes accompanied the solo recitation of poetry. A conch shell was blown for signaling, amusement for small groups and individuals in private was afforded by a jaw harp, a raft panpipe, and a nose-blown flute. In recent times it is not uncommon to see the use of Pātē and it usually replaces the Fala and is played in the same rhythmic patterns. A musical or theatrical presentation celebrating an event in which performance groups alternate in an attempt to outdo each others efforts has come to be called a fiafia. It is often a hotel performance, in which now called siva Samoa. Amerika Samoa, a song with words by Mariota Tiumalu Tuiasosopo, the Banner of Freedom, a song that honors the flag of Samoa, has been the national anthem of Samoa since 1962, it was composed by Sauni Iiga Kuresa. Two stringed instruments quickly became commonplace in the islands, the guitar, by the end of the 19th century, European-style brass bands had come into existence in the major towns. Later still, radio transmissions brought more variety, as local artists, marines during World War II helped solidify the affinity for American popular music. Many earlier bands copied or imitated this music—a trend that continues and it is common practice and well accepted for Samoan musicmakers to take a Western song, replace the lyrics with Samoan words, and reintroduce the tune as an original. The guitar and ukulele became the usual instruments for composing and performing music and that sound is now often replaced by the electronic keyboard and the multiplex of sounds and faux instruments available with it. Many current Samoan musicians upgrade old Samoan tunes with new technology, or imitate, modern pop and rock have a large audience in Samoa, as do several indigenous bands, which have abandoned most elements of Samoan traditional music, though there are folksy performers. Some pop musicians in New Zealand learned new dance styles on a trip to the islands of Samoa, New Zealand continues to produce modern popular Samoan stars, such as Jamoa Jam and Pacific Soul. Even traditional hymns have seen an amount of change. Some pop bands, such as the RSA Band and the Mount Vaea Band, are associated with hotels, some bands have toured in New Zealand. Pop musicians include the Lole, Golden Aliis, The Five Stars, a Samoan group called Le Pasefika, going against the current trend by playing only old music, has become the hottest-selling Samoan group in the United States. Footsoulijah is animated and colorful, and always perform in camouflage fatigues, there is currently a dichotomy between old and new in cultural aspects of Samoan life, especially dance. One photograph has a Samoan child in traditional garb, dancing in a traditional way, like other Samoans, Kosmo, one of the most famous Samoan hip-hop artists, picked up his dance moves while living in California
Music of Samoa
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Lali, Samoan wooden log drums,each 2m long used to beat out sound and signal times in villages. These are still in use at
Piula Theological College on
Upolu island.
Music of Samoa
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Samoa police brass band marching in
Apia to flag raising ceremony. The band marches every morning Mondays - Fridays in Samoa.
4.
Music of California
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In the United States, California is commonly associated with the film, music, and arts industries, there are numerous world-famous Californian musicians. Hardcore punk, hip hop, country, and heavy metal have all appeared in California, furthermore, new genres of music, such as surf rock and third wave ska, have their origins in California. The official state song of California is I Love You, California, silverwood and composed by Alfred F. Frankenstein of the Los Angeles Symphony Orchestra. It was designated the song in 1951. Other songs, including California, Here I Come, have also been candidates for additional state songs since 1951, California also has an official fife and drum band, the California Consolidated Drum Band, which was so designated in 1997. The states official folk dance is the dance, which has been found in California since at least the Gold Rush. Many groups of Indigenous peoples of California lived and continue to live within the current geographic boundaries of California, before, in the late 19th century, American Indian music began to be incorporated by classical composers throughout the country, known as the Indianist movement. In San Francisco, Carlos Troyer published compositions like Apache Chief Geronimos Own Medicine song, the earliest Spanish and English explorers in California encountered Native Americans and established missions to convert them to Christianity. Chanted prayers and hymns were used, and choirs were eventually formed. As Californias European, Asian, and African population increased in the 19th century, as on the East Coast, music at the time was dominated by popular minstrel shows and the sale of sheet music. Performers included the Sacramento-born Hyers Sisters and Black Patti, Chinese immigrants came to California to work on the transcontinental railroad and soon became a large minority in the state, the San Francisco Chinese Opera House was built in 1880. However, two later the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in order to prevent more immigration. The visit of King Kalakaua of Hawaii in 1874 saw the Hawaiian national anthem, in the 1880s, Carlos Troyer became a prominent composer, incorporating Spanish and Zuni influences. Polish composer Anton de Kontskis Polish Patrol and Awakening the Lion were also quite popular, the states large Mexican population brought traditional folk guitar to California, including virtuoso Luis T. Romero. The Spanish missions in California brought European music to the area, from the late 18th century to the late 19th century, many visitors to California remarked on the uniqueness of the Spanish language music in California. This music was distinctively Californian, different from both Mexican and Spanish music of the time, with the arrival of many Americans from the East Coast, as well as immigrants from as far away as China, however, Spanish folk music began to dwindle in popularity in California. Charles Fletcher Lummis, himself an immigrant to California, recorded many kinds of Spanish, later in the 20th century, other revivalists like Gabriel Eulogius Ruiz and Al Pill helped keep Spanish-California traditions alive. Popular music such as Ranchera, Norteño, son music can be heard on radio stations across the state from the San Francisco Bay Area to Central Valley
Music of California
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Manuela García was the most prolific performer recorded by Charles Fletcher Lummis
5.
Music of Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. has been home to many prominent musicians and is particularly known for the musical genres of hardcore punk, house, bluegrass, and a local funk genre called go-go. The first major figure from D. C. was John Philip Sousa. Later figures include jazz musicians, such as Duke Ellington, and soul singers, the city is home to the Washington Symphony Orchestra, the Washington National Opera, the National Symphony Orchestra, and the DC Youth Orchestra Program. The John F. Washingtonian magazine maintains a Washington Music Hall of Fame, the United States Marine Band, and United States Navy Band are both based in Washington, D. C. The Marine Band is the oldest musical group in the United States, the U. S. Marine Bands most famous conductor is undoubtedly John Philip Sousa, who composed many of the most famous American marches, as well as several musical comedies. The U. S. Marine Band was founded in 1798, some fifty years later, in 1851, the citys first choral society, the Washington Saengerbund, was formed. Other 19th century musicians included the singer and songwriter James Bland. In 1872, the Coloured American Opera Society formed, Washington native John Philip Sousa was conductor of the U. S. Marine Band from 1880 to 1892. He wrote 132 marches, including The Washington Post and Stars, Sousa formed his own band after leaving the Marine Corps that performed 15,623 concerts worldwide. The most widely renowned musician from 20th century D. C. is undoubtedly Duke Ellington, later D. C. jazz musicians included Charlie Rouse, Billy Hart, Ira Sullivan and Leo Parker. Ahmet Ertegün, a Turkish-born jazz fan, came to D. C. at age twelve and later went on to found Atlantic Records. Todd Duncan was a D. C. -born singer who made history by being the first to play the lead of the opera Porgy and Bess, D. C. was also a home for Jelly Roll Morton, Jimmie Rodgers and Bo Diddley. Local stars of the part of the century include the singer Pearl Bailey. In 1957, Elizabeth Cotten recorded for the family that employed her, one song, Freight Train, became a folk music standard. Charlie Byrd, a D. C. -based jazz musician, recorded an album in 1962 called Jazz Samba with Stan Getz. By the middle of the 1960s, D. C. had begun to produce some major stars, like soul singer Marvin Gaye, during this period, Washington began to develop its own music scene, with a number of styles evolving by the end of the century. Washington is also home to the Duke Ellington School of the Arts, founded in 1974, the Washington, D. C. metropolitan area is considered by many to be the choral capital of the nation. Some choral groups active in the city today can trace their origins as far back as 1851, with a Choral Society being established to produce concerts and oratorios at least as early as the 1880s
Music of Washington, D.C.
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John Philip Sousa (1900)
Music of Washington, D.C.
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Duke Ellington receiving the
Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969
Music of Washington, D.C.
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John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
Music of Washington, D.C.
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Verizon Center
6.
Music of Georgia (U.S. state)
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The music of Athens, Georgia is especially well known for a kind of quirky college rock that has included such well-known bands as R. E. M. The states official music museum is the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, located in Macon, colleges such as the University of Georgia and Columbus State University have extensive music departments. Georgias folk musical traditions include important contributions to the Piedmont blues, shape note singing, the ring shout is an African American musical and dance tradition that is among the oldest surviving African American performance styles in North America. The ring shout tradition is rare in the modern Southern United States, but it found in McIntosh County, Georgia. The McIntosh County ring shout is a counterclockwise ring dance featuring clapping and stick-beating percussion with call-and-response vocals, the ring shout tradition is strongest in Boldon, Georgia, where it is traditionally performed on New Years Eve. The Georgia Sea Island Singers are an important group in modern African American folk music in Georgia, the Georgia Sea Island Singers have included Bessie Jones, Emma Ramsey, John Davis, Mayble Hillery, and Peter Davis. Fife and drum blues has been documented in west central Georgia, the Freedom Singers are a group that formed in 1962 in Albany to educate communities about issues related to the Civil Rights Movement through song. Multi-instrumentalist Abner Jay, born in Fitzgerald, performed eccentric blues-infused folk music as a one-man band, the Sacred Harp, first published in 1844, was compiled and produced by Georgians Benjamin Franklin White and Elisha J. King. They helped establish a tradition also known as Sacred Harp, fasola. Established in 1933, the Sacred Harp Publishing Company, located in Carrollton, Georgia, hugh McGraw of Bremen, Georgia, served as the companys executive secretary from 1958–2002 and helped encourage Sacred Harps recent resurgence in popularity. A Georgia-based music label, Bibletone Records, has reissued a 28-cut CD of Sacred Harp music originally released as LPs by the publishing company, folksinger/songwriter Hedy West, active in the American folk music revival and famous for her song 500 Miles, was born in Cartersville. On June 14,1923, the music recording industry was launched in Atlanta when Fiddlin John Carson made his first phonograph record for Okeh Records Company representative Polk C. Along with Carson, Gid Tanner and His Skillet Lickers and Georgia Yellow Hammers made Atlanta, country music superstars Alan Jackson, Trisha Yearwood, and Travis Tritt are natives of Georgia. Ma Rainey, from Columbus, was among the earliest professional blues singers, Piedmont blues artist Blind Willie McTell was born in Thomson. Country blues singer and guitarist Peg Leg Howell was born in Eatonton, singer Ida Cox was from Toccoa. Singer and guitarist Kokomo Arnold was born in Lovejoys Station, singer Lucille Hegamin was born in Macon. Singer Trixie Smith was born in Atlanta, blues pianists from Georgia include Thomas A. Dorsey, born in Villa Rica, Big Maceo Merriweather, born in Atlanta, and Piano Red, born near Hampton. Barbeque Bob was from Walnut Grove, singer and guitarist Curley Weaver was born in Covington
Music of Georgia (U.S. state)
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R.E.M.
Music of Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia in United States
Music of Georgia (U.S. state)
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Pylon at
Athfest 2005
7.
Music of Hawaii
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The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop. Hawaiis musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the small size. Styles like slack-key guitar are well-known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks, Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. Music of Hawaiian people is largely religious in nature, and includes chanting, Hawaiian music has had a notable impact on the music of other Polynesian islands, Peter Manuel called the influence of Hawaiian music a unifying factor in the development of modern Pacific musics. Aprils Aloha Week is a popular tourist attraction, as is the Molokai Music Festival held around Labor Day, there was also a Hawaii International Jazz Festival, which ran from 1993 until 2007. The annual Pacific Rim Jazz Festival occurs in mid-autumn at the Hawaii Convention Center, the annual Manoa Jazz & Heritage Festival takes place in early autumn at the Andrews Amphitheatre on the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa campus. Large music venues in Hawaii include the University of Hawaii at Hilo Performing Arts Center, a 560-seat venue and cultural exhibition center on Kauai is the Kauai Community College Performing Arts Center. In Honolulu, the Neal S. Blaisdell Center Arena, Concert Hall, other venues for Hawaiian music on Oahu include the Waikiki Shell an establishment used primarily for concerts and entertainment purposes. Over the years local, as well as international artists have graced the stage there. It is unique outdoor theater located in Kapiolani Park and this venue seats 2,400 persons, with the capacity to hold up to 6,000 more on the lawn area. Concerts, graduation ceremonies and hula shows are popular at this site. The historic Lanai Theatre is a landmark on Lanai, dating back to the 1930s. Hawaii is home to a number of renowned institutions in several fields. The Honolulu Symphony Orchestra is an important part of the musical history. The Orchestra has collaborated with local institutions, like the Hawaii Opera Theatre and the Oʻahu Choral Society, which sponsors the Honolulu Symphony Chorus. Numerous businesses have been created supporting the musical styles and instruments suited to the Hawaiian musical tradition. Hawaiian folk music includes several varieties of chanting and music meant for highly ritualized dance, Traditional Hawaiian music and dance was functional, used to express praise, communicate genealogy and mythology, and accompany games, festivals and other secular events. The Hawaiian language has no word that translates precisely as music, Hawaiian folk music is simple in melody and rhythm, but is complex and rich in the poetry, accompanying mimetic dance, and subtleties of vocal styles
Music of Hawaii
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Dancer with ʻuliʻuli, hula kahiko competition,
Merrie Monarch Festival 2003
Music of Hawaii
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Hula performance at a ceremony turning over
U.S. Navy control over the island of
Kahoolawe to the state performed by Uncle Frank Kawaikapuokalani Hewett
Music of Hawaii
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Lili'uokalani
Music of Hawaii
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1913 sheet music cover
8.
Music of Indiana
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The music of Indiana was strongly influenced by a large number of German and Irish immigrants who arrived in the 1830s. Indiana was one of the first places where jazz music became popular outside of New Orleans, in the late 1910s and through the 1920s the state had numerous bands of young musicians playing the new style for dancing. Richmond, Indiana was home to Gennett Records, known for recording a wealth of jazz, blues, Gary, Indiana was home of Vee-Jay Records, known for blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll in the 1950s and early 1960s. Russell Robinson, Eddie Condon, Hoagy Carmichael, Stuart Gorrell, Monk Montgomery, Wes Montgomery, Buddy Montgomery, the Jackson 5s first 4 singles reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, all on Motown records. Michael Jackson had 13 #1 singles, more than any male artist in the Hot 100 era. Janet Jackson has 10 #1 singles on the Hot 100, Deniece Williams, also from Gary, had 2 #1 Hot 100 hits, including Lets Hear It for the Boy in 1984. Van Halen had a #1 hit on the Hot 100 with Jump, guns N Roses had a #1 hit on the Hot 100 with Sweet Child O Mine. And The McCoys had a #1 Hot 100 hit in 1965 with Hang On Sloopy, all of the above are in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, except Janet Jackson, Deniece Williams, and The McCoys. Babyface, an R&B musician himself from Indianapolis, has written 7 #1 Billboard Hot 100 hits, a 25-mile stretch of I-65 through Indy was renamed Kenneth Babyface Edmonds Highway. Though born in Oklahoma, gospel singer Sandi Patty began her career in Indiana at Anderson University. Country music is very thick in Southern Indiana, an area considered part of the Upland South, in Indianapolis, a vibrant 1970s punk rock and new wave scene existed, including Latex Novelties, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Dow Jones and the Industrials. One of the most influential Indiana punk bands was The Gizmos, from Bloomington, later, a hardcore punk and alternative rock band from Indianapolis called the Zero Boys became the single most important punk band ever to arise from the state. The Zero Boys started trying to make a local hardcore scene after seeing the Dead Kennedys in Chicago, Bloomington has a large folk punk music scene. The town is home to Chris Clavin who runs the DIY punk rock record label Plan-It-X Records and is in the band Ghost Mice, every other year Plan-It-X Records organizes Plan-it-X Fest, a large DIY punk music festival held in Bloomington. Bloomington is also home to the record labels Secretly Canadian, Jagjaguwar, layfayette is the home of Mass Giorginis Sonic Iguana Studios. Several legendary national and international bands have recorded or mastered their releases at Sonic Iguana. Lafayette / West Lafayette is home to punk rock record label Oi. the boat records whose roster includes bands from around the US and Europe. In Northern Indiana, South Bend is home of Plinko Productions, Garth is also the founding member of the Urinal Mints, who have toured all over the US and Europe
Music of Indiana
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Q-Swon and DJ Machete
9.
Music of Kentucky
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The Music of Kentucky is heavily centered on Appalachian folk music and its descendants, especially in eastern Kentucky. e. Travis picking, the guitar style, is named after Merle Travis, born. Kentucky is home to the Country Music Highway, which extends from Portsmouth, the Renfro Valley Gatherin is today Americas second oldest continually broadcast radio program of any kind. It is broadcast on radio station WRVK and a syndicated network of nearly 200 other stations across the United States. Major music venues in Kentucky include the Paramount Arts Center in Ashland, there is also Sturgills Music Center in Tom T. Just south of Olive Hill is Sandy Hook, the home of Keith Whitley, whose house is now a museum. The Kentucky Opry in Prestonsburg is an institution, using the Mountain Arts Center. Louisville is home to the West Point Country Opry, while the city of Owensboro is a major bluegrass center, in the capital city, Frankfort, there is the Kentucky Coffeetree Cafe. The cafe is an intimate venue that features some of the top national and regional Bluegrass, American. The Rosemary Clooney House in Augusta pays homage to the life, singers gather annually at Benton on the fourth Sunday in May to sing from a shape note hymn and tune book called The Southern Harmony, and Musical Companion. This event, first organized in 1884 and called The Big Singing or Big Singing Day, is considered by many to be the oldest indigenous musical tradition in the United States and it was organized by James Roberts Lemon, a newspaper owner and publisher in western Kentucky. Ashland is also home to the Summer Motion festival and Poage Landing Days, while Olive Hill also hosts the International Strange Music Weekend, the Renfro Valley Barn Dance has been held in Renfro Valley since 1939. Owensboro has ROMP the last part of June every year, other festivals include the Forkland Heritage Festival and Revue in Gravel Switch. Lexington is host to the oldest bluegrass music festival in the state, the Festival of the Bluegrass is held every June at the Kentucky Horse Park and considered one of the premier traditional bluegrass festivals in the country. Wilmore, Kentucky is home to the Ichthus Music Festival, Ichthus is a Christian music festival held each year on the Ichthus Farm. Notable bands such as Switchfoot, Relient K, Pillar, and P. O. D. have all played at past Ichthus festivals, mount Sterling is home to the Gateway Music Festival. Boomslang, A Celebration of Sound & Art is an annual music festival in Lexington, sponsored by the University of Kentuckys college radio station. Genres tend to be experimental in nature, but have included everything from rock, post-rock, electronic, hip hop, punk rock, metal
Music of Kentucky
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Lionel Hampton with President
George W. Bush
Music of Kentucky
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Ricky Skaggs
10.
Music of Massachusetts
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Massachusetts is a U. S. state in New England. The music of Massachusetts has developed actively since it was first colonized by Britain, the city of Boston is an especially large part of the states present music scene, which includes several genres of rock, as well as classical, folk, and hip hop music. Perhaps the most influential composer of the United States was Lowell Mason. A native of Boston, Mason campaigned against the use of shape-note notation and he worked with local institutions to release collections of hymns and maintain his stature. Opposed to the tradition, Mason pushed American music towards a European model. The Bay Psalme Book was published in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1640 and it became the standard used by New England churches for many years, though it contained no music itself, merely providing psalms and pointing readers to other prominent publications. The Bay Psalm Book was faithful to its source, but did not produce beautiful singing, in 1651, then, a third edition was created, and became known as the New England Psalm Book, this became the standard for many years. By this point, the evolution from the Ainsworth Psalter to the New England Psalm Book had steadily dwindled the number of tunes in use. Massachusetts was later home to a number of the most prominent members of the First New England School of itinerant singing masters, including Daniel Read, Massachusetts is home to several formal ensembles, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Pops Orchestra, Boston Lyric Opera, and Tanglewood Festival Chorus. Formal institutions for the perpetuation of formal music exist in the state as well, Boston Conservatory, Longy School of Music, New England Conservatory, traditional English sea shanties were brought to New England and preserved by colonial American seamen. A New England version of the sea shanty Spanish Ladies changes England to New England or, in versions, Boston or New Bedford. Folklorists who have collected traditional music of Massachusetts include Eloise Hubbard Linscott, a number of musicians with ties to the American folk music revival have Massachusetts connections. While a teenager living in Belmont, Joan Baez gave her first concert at the Club 47 in Cambridge, james Taylor was born in Boston, but later moved to North Carolina before once again relocating to Marthas Vineyard. He now lives in the town of Lenox, Paul Clayton from New Bedford, best known for his song Gotta Travel On, was a minor figure in the folk revival. Both Bill Staines, who grew up in Lexington, and Bonnie Raitt and it also includes Ellis Paul, a singer-songwriter who came onto the Boston music scene in the late 1980s after arriving at Boston College on a track scholarship. Since then he has been the recipient of 14 Boston Music Awards, according to the New England Folk Network Web site, Massachusetts hosts more than a dozen annual folk music festivals. Festivals may include music from a wide diversity of cultures. For example, the 2007 New England Folk Festival included Bulgarian, Japanese, and Swedish music, doo-wop group The G-Clefs were from Roxbury
Music of Massachusetts
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New England Conservatory of Music in Boston
Music of Massachusetts
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Jonathan Richman
Music of Massachusetts
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Pixies
11.
Music of Maryland
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Maryland is a U. S. state with a musical heritage that dates back to the Native Americans of the region and includes contributions to colonial era music, modern American popular and folk music. Famous modern musicians from Maryland range from jazz singer Billie Holiday to pop punk band Good Charlotte, modern Maryland is home to many well-regarded music venues, including the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra and Baltimore Opera, and the Peabody Institutes Conservatory of Music. Baltimore, the largest city in the state, is home to important local venues, such as the Red Room, a center for the local experimental music scene. Outside of Baltimore, Fredericks Weinberg Center for the Arts and Rockvilles Strathmore are also important regional venues, the Merriweather Post Pavilion and 1st Mariner Arena host most of the largest concerts in the area. Since HFStival ended its run in 2006, Virgin Festival has taken over as one of the most popular summer festivals on the east coast since its inaugural year in 2006. Most of the musical organizations in Baltimore were founded by musicians who trained at the Peabody Institutes Conservatory of Music. These include Baltimore Choral Arts and the Baltimore Opera, as well as the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra formed in 1916 and was the only orchestra in the country to operate as a branch of the citys government. In 1942, the orchestra was reorganized as a private institution, aside from the prominent Baltimore Symphony, Maryland is also home to several other institutions. The Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras was formed in the 1946 to nurture, develop, beginning in 1964, the Orchestras began to offer new programs, such as a summer camp that eventually became the Maryland Center for the Arts. Since 2006, Virgin Festival has established itself as a popular festival annually held at Pimlico Race Course. The Takoma Park Folk Festival is also well-known among folk music aficionados, Baltimore is home to several important concert spaces, including the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, Concordia Hall and the Lyric Opera House. The Meyerhoff is home to the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Concordia Hall is a long-standing venue, founded in 1867 by German musical societies, which were then a large portion of Baltimores population. The Lyric Opera House, founded in 1894, is another important Baltimore music venue, it has hosted many of the most famous performers, smaller Hardcore and Punk acts play at the Charm City Art Space. The city of Frederick is home to the Weinberg Centre for the Arts, the Weinberg was originally a large movie theater called the Tivoli, opened in 1926, the Tivoli was destroyed in a flood in 1976, and was reopened as the Weinberg Center two years later. Indigenous peoples created the first music in what became Maryland, the documented music history of Maryland begins during the colonial era, in the 18th century. Later still, Baltimores Pennsylvania Avenue became a well known home for African American music, especially jazz. In modern times, Maryland has been a home for styles including emo, the early colonists had little tradition of any performance art, due to the small number of individuals, their low standard of living and great poverty and disease. With the arrival of large numbers of slaves, however, some white plantation owners earned enough wealth to invest in music, local music groups during the colonial era did much to sponsor musical development
Music of Maryland
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The Rohrersville Cornet Band is the oldest community band in continuous service in the state
Music of Maryland
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Peabody Institute in Baltimore in about 1902
Music of Maryland
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Billie Holiday was a famous jazz singer who grew up in
Fells Point, Baltimore.
12.
Music of Michigan
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The music of Michigan is composed of many different types. The city of Detroit has been one of the most musically influential and innovative cities for the past 50 years, impressively, for 48 straight years a greater Michigan area artist has produced a chart topping recording. Michigan is perhaps best known for three developments, early rock, Motown/soul music and techno music. Other Detroit musicians with a #1 album on the Billboard 200 include Kid Rock with Rock n Roll Jesus in 2007, Jack White with 2 albums, eminems groups D12 and Bad Meets Evil have also had #1 albums. Alice Cooper The Godfather of Shock Rock had a #1 Billboard 200 album with the hard rock Billion Dollar Babies in 1973, classical music and the arts in Michigan have long been supported by the auto industry and the auto magnates who became rich from it. The Detroit Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1914, is the orchestra in the state. The Symphony runs the Detroit Youth Symphony, the Elaine Lebenbom Competition for female composers, the Sphinx Music Competition for young black and Latino classical musicians is based in the Detroit-Ann Arbor area. Interlochen Center for the Arts is an arts and music boarding school in Northern Michigan, in 2006, Leonard Slatkin and the University of Michigan School of Music Symphony won a Grammy for Songs Of Innocence And Of Experience. Paul Smith who was born in Calumet was a named a Disney Legend who worked on many Disney films and animations including Snow White, Pinocchio. Notable contemporary Michigan classical composers include James Hartway and Augustus O. Hill, the Detroit Opera House is the site of 4 or 5 fully staged operas yearly as well as a dance series. The opera Margaret Garner was sponsored by and debuted at Detroit, another work debuted by the Michigan Opera Theatre was Cyrano by the companys director David DiChiera. Folklorist Ivan Walton, who taught at the University of Michigan, duane Starcher recorded Woods and Water, Folk songs from Michigan History, released in 1965 on Western Michigan University Aural Press. The Ark is a music venue in Ann Arbor in existence since 1965. Detroit has had a thriving blues scene for some time, including most famously John Lee Hooker, drummer Elvin Jones, trumpeter Thad Jones, and pianist Geri Allen were born in Pontiac. Singer Betty Carter was born in Flint, double-bassist Ron Carter was born in Ferndale. The Detroit International Jazz Festival was founded in 1980 and features outdoor concerts in venues in the city. Fortune Records was a pre-Motown, Detroit-based, independent record label specialized in soul, doo-wop, rockabilly, gospel, blues and rock. It was owned by Jack and Devora Brown, a husband, the labels biggest stars included John Lee Hooker, Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer
Music of Michigan
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1st Dan Schafer RCA single US & Canada promo
13.
Music of Minnesota
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The music of Minnesota began with the native rhythms and songs of Indigenous peoples, the first inhabitants of the lands which later became the U. S. state of Minnesota. Their relatives, the half-breed Métis fur-trading voyageurs, introduced the chansons of their French ancestors in the eighteenth century. As the territory was opened up to settlement in the 19th century. Celtic, German, Scandinavian, and Central and Eastern European song, ethnic music has influenced and developed into modern folk music, and American musical genres such as gospel music, blues and jazz also are part of the states musical fabric. The Replacements and Hüsker Dü set off the national alternative rock boom of the 1990s, in the 1990s and 2000s, the Twin Cities played a role in the national hip hop scene with artists such as Atmosphere and Brother Ali. The Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra was founded in the early 1900s, and by the 1930s it had attained international stature in performance, since renamed the Minnesota Orchestra, it regained much of its former renown in the first decade of the 21st century. Classical music aficianados also enjoy and support the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, choral groups and community ensembles are located in many communities. The states educational system provides comprehensive programs in music education, the music of Minnesota has its roots with the music of Indigenous peoples of the area. Traditional arrangements are based around vocal, percussive and dance music, Dakota folk songs can be celebratory. Early European settlers brought French chansons, which they sang while traveling along their fur trade routes and these songs were described by one visitor as light, airy & graceful, and were often adapted to the rhythm of their paddles while canoeing. Modern-day traditional dance music is based mostly around schottisches, polkas and waltzes with instrumentation including fiddle, mandola, accordion, the first singing school in Minnesota opened in St. Anthony in 1851. The Plymouth Congregational Church of Minneapolis began a group in 1857, followed by the first such club for women only. Thousands of Norwegians settled in Minnesota in the last half of the 19th, subcultures formed based around village of origin, and then formed organizations to maintain their home dialect and musical traditions. These organizations held meetings which featured folk dancing, singing, fiddling. In the late 1860s, male choirs with Norwegian and Swedish singers formed in cities and these choirs sang a variety of popular and patriotic songs, hymns and folk tunes. The end of the 19th century also saw the foundation of two long-running music groups, the Thursday Musical Chorus and the Apollo Mens Musical Group. Two of the most important Minnesota musical institutions were founded in the early 20th century, namely the MacPhail School of Violin, Minneapolis became a home for vaudeville comedy known as bondkomik, which featured multi-act plays, dances, songs and monologues. Vaudeville shows usually ended with social dancing, rural and regional dance music slowly died out, and became largely unknown
Music of Minnesota
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1920 image from the
MacPhail Center for Music yearbook
Music of Minnesota
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First Avenue nightclub
Music of Minnesota
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Minnesota Public Radio in
St. Paul
Music of Minnesota
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Paisley Park Studios in
Chanhassen, Minnesota in 2008
14.
Music of North Carolina
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North Carolina is known particularly for its tradition of old-time music, and many recordings were made in the early 20th century by folk song collector Bascom Lamar Lunsford. Arthur Smith is the most notable North Carolina musician/entertainer who had the first nationally syndicated program which featured country music. Smith composed Guitar Boogie, the all-time best selling guitar instrumental, and Dueling Banjos, country rock star Eric Church from the Hickory area has had 2 #1 albums on the Billboard 200, including Chief in 2011. Both North and South Carolina are a hotbed for traditional country blues, Elizabeth Cotten, from Chapel Hill, was active in the American folk music revival. As a college region, the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area has long been a center for indie rock, metal, punk. Slave musicians in North Carolina and throughout the country were responsible for providing the dance music for both white and African American social gatherings. If a slave was trained as a musician, their value as property went up for their masters, string bands were formed to accompany the social dancing. After slaves were given their freedom, small communities of blacks began to form in the North Carolina Piedmont region, one of these communities outside of Statesville, North Carolina had enough of a fiddler population to support a fiddler’s convention. Joe Thompson, an African American fiddler who died in 2012, is from the Cedar Grove community in North Carolina, the banjo was another popular instrument for African Americans to play in a string band. The banjo is an instrument adapted from its African relative the akonting, one black musician, Joe Fulp, from the Walnut Cove community used the banjo to help pass the time while waiting for tobacco to cure. The style of Piedmont string bands was influenced by the dance tune melodies of Europe, North Carolina is also considered a cradle of Gospel music. Music was a part of community life. Everyone participated in brass bands and knew the songs which told of births, deaths, the Moravian Music Foundation in Old Salem contains the archive of these materials. In the days of slavery, spirituals played a role in the lives of the slaves of North Carolina elite, and after emancipation. During the 1940s and 50s, North Carolina was a place to visit of Gospel singers for many reasons. North Carolina is also home to many famous Gospel singers, the most famous being Shirley Caesar, Caesar got her start when the group The Caravans came through Wilson, North Carolina in 1958. North Carolina is also famous for its abundance of family Gospel groups which thrive all throughout the state, award-winning vocal group The Kingsmen originate in Asheville. The Piedmont blues is a type of music characterized by a unique finger-picking method on the guitar in which a regular
Music of North Carolina
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James Taylor Bridge, Chapel Hill
15.
Music of Ohio
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame are located in Cleveland, Ohio. Ohio musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame include The Isley Brothers in 92, The OJays in 05, Chrissie Hynde of The Pretenders in 05, and Bobby Womack in 09. This state is also the home of four major symphony orchestras which are located in Cleveland, Akron, Cincinnati, and Dayton as well as a pops orchestra, dean Martin had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit with Everybody Loves Somebody in 1964. The OJays had a #1 Hot 100 hit with Love Train in 1972, the Ohio Players had 2 #1 Hot 100 hits, including the funk song Love Rollercoaster in 1976. Wild Cherry had a #1 Hot 100 hit with Play That Funky Music also in 1976, bone Thugs-n-Harmony had a #1 Hot 100 hit with Tha Crossroads in 1996. John Legend had a #1 Hot 100 hit with All of Me in 2014, bo Donaldson and The Heywoods had a #1 Hot 100 hit with Billy Dont Be A Hero in 1974. Country group Rascal Flatts has had 4 #1 albums including Me,98 Degrees had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 with Revelation in 2000. Blues singer Mamie Smith is thought to have born in Cincinnati. Singer and saxophonist Bull Moose Jackson was born in Cleveland, robert Lockwood Jr. born in Arkansas, moved to Cleveland in 1960, where he lived the later half of his life. Pianist Barrelhouse Chuck was born in Columbus, organist Mike Finnigan was born in Troy. Singer-songwriter and pianist Tommy Tucker was born in Springfield, jump blues singer H-Bomb Ferguson was from Cincinnati. Guitarist Sonny Moorman was born in Cincinnati, singer Bessie Brown was born in Marysville. Art Tatum, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest and most influential pianists of all time, was born in Toledo. Double bassist Gene Taylor, singer Teresa Brewer, and pianist Stanley Cowell were also born in The Glass City, Cleveland has an important place in jazz as a stop on the club circuit. Artists from Cleveland include Freddie Webster, a trumpeter cited by Miles Davis as an influence, and Tadd Dameron, a prominent pianist, composer. Benny Bailey was a trumpeter who followed Dameron and in turn influenced Cleveland jazz musicians in his wake, including Albert Ayler, avant-garde jazz saxophonist, the Jazz Temple was an important jazz venue in Cleveland from 1962-63. Zanesville jazz artists include singer and pianist Una Mae Carlisle, ragtime composer Harry P. Guy, Youngstown has produced guitarist James Emery, singer, dancer, and drummer Sonny Parker, and avant-garde singer Jay Clayton. Pianist Dave Burrell and singer/bassist Virtue Hampton Whitted were born in Middletown, pianist Dorothy Sloop was born in Steubenville
Music of Ohio
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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio
16.
Music of Oregon
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However, throughout most of its history, the state has been relatively isolated from the cultural forces shaping American music. Much of modern popular music traces its roots to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues, African American musicians borrowed elements of European and Indigenous musics to create new American forms. As Oregons population was homogeneous and more white than the United States as a whole. The states main contributions to American popular music began in the 1960s, over the next twenty years, punk rock evolved into grunge, riot grrrl, alternative rock, and, eventually, indie rock. In the last decade, Oregon has made a contribution to American independent music. The citys reputation as a hipster mecca has paralleled the rise of indie musicians such as The Decemberists, Gossip, The Dandy Warhols, M. Ward. Floater is Portlands leading example of an indie band, other prominent musicians have relocated to Portland, including Modest Mouse, Sleater-Kinney, The Shins, Spoon, former Pavement leader Stephen Malkmus and former R. E. M. The state also has a unique dynamic, which has influenced the development of local bluegrass, folk. Jam bands have a presence in the state, dating back to Grateful Dead performances at the Oregon Country Fair. Portlands Waterfront Blues Festival is the second largest blues festival in the country, prominent cultural institutions include the Oregon Bach Festival, Oregon Festival of American Music, Oregon Symphony, and Mt. Hood Jazz Festival. The Kingsmen, best known for their 1960s rock classic Louie Louie, were originally from Portland, seafood Mama was a 1970s jazz band, with singer Rindy Ross, with a substantial local following that tried for national success as Quarterflash. The band was unable to find success after its first album. Portland had one of the most vibrant hardcore punk scenes in the early 1980s Pacific Northwest, rivaled only by Seattle, the Wipers and Poison Idea are the best known representatives of the scene, especially The Wipers, a major grunge influence. These bands played at The Met and the Satyricon, other hardcore bands in the 1980s included Lockjaw, Final Warning, The Jackals, and The Rats. Hole frontwoman Courtney Love spent time in Portland, and was active in the punk scene at the time. She initially met Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain at the Satyricon club in 1989, in the 1990s bands such as Defiance, Resist, Bugskull, Detestation, and Tragedy rose in popularity. An important cult band from Portland was the Exploding Hearts of the early 2000s, Dead Moon developed a cult worldwide following with their garage-country punk, starting from the early 1990s. Portland is home to a bluegrass and old-time music scene
Music of Oregon
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Woody Guthrie wrote several songs about the Northwest under the commission of the
Bonneville Power Administration.
17.
Music of Pennsylvania
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This city is also the birthplace of American Bandstand, and the home of Cameo-Parkway Records and the famed Philadelphia Orchestra. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphias musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations, francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. During the 19th century, Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania became the birthplace of Stephen Foster, rural Pennsylvania in the colonial era was home to religious minorities like the Quakers, as well as important Moravian and Lutheran communities. While the Quakers had few musical traditions, Protestant churches frequently made use of music in worship. J. F. Peter emerged from the Moravian tradition, while Conrad Beissel innovated his own system of harmonic theory, the Mennonites, followers of Menno Simons, settled in Germantown after emigrating from the German Palatinate and Switzerland between 1683 and 1748. They were led by Willem Rittinghuysen, the Mennonites used a hymnbook from Schaffhausen, reprinted in Germantown in 1742 as Der Ausbund Das ist etliche schöne christliche Lieder. The Ephrata Cloister was founded in what is now Lancaster County on the Cocalico River in 1720 and this was a group of Seventh Day Baptists led by Peter Miller and Conrad Beissel, who believed in using music as an integral part of worship. Beissel codified the Ephrata Cloisters unique tradition in his Beissels Dissertation on Harmony, here and these were masters, or notes belonging to the common chord, and servants, or all other notes. Accented syllables in Beissels works always fell on master notes, leaving servant notes for unaccented syllables, the Ephrata Cloisters hymnbook was large, consisting of more than 1,000 hymns, many of which were accompanied by instruments including the violin. Many of these hymns were published in the 1740s and 50s, zinzendorf wrote hymns, and led the Moravians to America, where they began missionary work in Georgia but with little success. They moved on to Pennsylvania, and founded the town of Bethlehem on the banks of the Lehigh River, a group then left for Salem, North Carolina. Both in Salem and Bethlehem, Moravians continued to use music in their ceremonies, instruments included organs and trombones, and voices were usually in choirs. Players generally played on rooftops for most any occasion, ensuring that they could be heard for great distances, Moravians were devoted to missionary work, especially among African slaves and Native Americans, in 1763, they published a collection of hymns in the Delaware language. Moravians also had a tradition of art music that included the famed composer Johann Friedrich Peter. He brought with him copies of compositions by Joseph Haydn, Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, Johann Stamitz, after living in Bethlehem for a time, Peter moved to Salem, where he founded the Collegium Musicum and collected hundreds of symphonies, anthems and oratorios. Herbst was also a collector, whose archives, left to the Salem church after his death, were made public in 1977. Salem has gradually become the center for Moravian musical innovation, partially due to the presence of the Moravian Music Foundation, in 1694, Johannes Kelpius brought a group of German Pietists to the banks of the Wissahickon Creek. These became known as the Hermits or Mystics of the Wissahickon, Kelpius was a musician, and he and his followers brought with them instruments that became an integral part of church life
Music of Pennsylvania
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Philadelphia-based alternative rock group
The Bloodhound Gang
Music of Pennsylvania
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Will Smith, rapper from Philadelphia
18.
Music of Puerto Rico
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The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres and their music, from salsa to the boleros of Rafael Hernández, cannot be separated from music culture of Puerto Rico itself. Nevertheless, this entry will emphasize music culture as it has flourished on the island, Music culture in Puerto Rico during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries is poorly documented. Certainly it included Spanish church music, military music, and diverse genres of dance music cultivated by the jíbaros and enslaved Africans. While these later never constituted more than 11% of the islands population, the African people of the island used drums made of carved harwood covered with an untreated rawhide on one side, commonly made from goatskin. Jibaros are small farmers of primarily Hispanic descent—constituted the overwhelming majority of the Puerto Rican population until the mid-twentieth century and they are traditionally recognized as romantic icons of land cultivation, hard work and self-sufficiency, hospitality, and love of song and dance. Their instruments were relatives of the Spanish vihuela, especially the cuatro—which evolved from four single strings to five pairs—and the lesser known tiple, a typical jíbaro group nowadays might feature a cuatro, guitar, and percussion instrument such as the güiro scraper and/or bongo. Lyrics to jíbaro music are generally in the form, consisting of ten octosyllabic lines in the rhyme scheme abba. Décima form derives from 16th-century Spain, although it has largely died out in that country, it took root in various places in Latin America—especially Cuba and Puerto Rico—where it is sung in diverse styles. In between the décimas, lively improvisations can be played on the cuatro and this music form is also known as Tipica as well as Tropica. The décimas are sung to stock melodies, with standardized cuatro accompaniment patterns, about twenty such song-types are in common use. These are grouped into two categories, viz. seis and aguinaldo. Traditionally, the seis could accompany dancing, but this tradition has died out except in tourist shows. The aguinaldo is most characteristically sung during the Christmas season, when groups of revelers go from house to house, singing jíbaro songs and partying. The aguinaldo texts are not about Christmas, and also unlike Anglo-American Christmas carols. In general, Christmas season is a time when traditional music—both seis and aguinaldo—is most likely to be heard, fortunately, many groups of Puerto Ricans are dedicated to preserving traditional music by continued practice. Jíbaro music came to be marketed on commercial recordings in the twentieth century, however, jíbaros themselves were becoming an endangered species, as agribusiness and urbanization have drastically reduced the numbers of small farmers on the island. Many jíbaro songs dealt accordingly with the vicissitudes of migration to New York, historical references indicate that by the decades around 1800 plantation slaves were cultivating a music and dance genre called bomba
Music of Puerto Rico
–
Manuel Gregorio Tavárez
19.
Music of South Carolina
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South Carolina is one of the Southern United States and has produced a number of renowned performers of jazz, rock, blues, R&B, country, bluegrass and other popular styles. South Carolina is noted for being the birthplace of beach music and this Myrtle Beach-area dance is the official State Dance, although South Carolina has also contributed to two other famous dances, the Charleston in the 1920s, and the Big Apple in the 1930s. The State also has a music, Negro spirituals, sacred Christian songs originally developed in the 19th century. Jazz saxophonist Chris Potter from Columbia has released over 15 CDs as a leader and he is the leader of the Chris Potter Underground and has regularly performed with many world-class jazz musicians including Dave Holland and Pat Metheny. In the December,2014 issue of Down Beat magazine, which featured the results of the readers poll. The states bluegrass scene has produced important bands such as The Hired Hands featuring pioneering 3-finger banjo player Dewitt Snuffy Jenkins, bluesmen Pinkney Pink Anderson and Reverend Gary Davis were both from Laurens, S. C. The Beach music classic Stay by Lancasters Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs was #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960, james Browns soul and funk song I Got You was #3 on the Hot 100 in 1966, and #1 on the Rhythm and Blues Singles. Greenvilles Peabo Brysons r&b song A Whole New World from Aladdin was #1 on the Hot 100 in 1993, hootie & The Blowfishs roots rock song Only Wanna Be With You was #1 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart in 1995. Hooties debut album Cracked Rear View was the album of 1995, the 7th best-selling album of the 90s. Their 2nd album Fairweather Johnson also went to #1 on the Billboard 200, the Upstate band Needtobreathe had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 with Hard Love in 2016. Indie folk singer Iron & Wine had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 with Kiss Each Other Clean in 2011, country star Darius Rucker has had 2 #2 albums on the Billboard 200, Charleston, SC1966 in 2010 and True Believers in 2013. Country singer Josh Turner from Florence County had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 with Your Man in 2006, and country singer Lee Brice from Sumter had 2 #5 albums on the Billboard 200 with Hard 2 Love in 2012 and I Dont Dance in 2014. Toro y Moi, an electronic artist, and rapper Lil Ru are both from Columbia. Crossfades Cold was on the compilation Now Thats What I Call Music,17 in 2004, and Hilton Heads Trevor Halls reggae rock song Brand New Day was on Now Thats What I Call Music. Urban centers in the state including Greenville, Columbia, Myrtle Beach, the Carolina Opry was the first live family entertainment venue on the Grand Strand and helped turn Myrtle Beach into one of the major centers for country music on the East Coast. Local venues include the Dolly Partons Pirates Voyage, one of many owned by Dolly Parton, the Alabama Theater, named for the band Alabama. Other artists tried their hand with their own theaters which did not last, such as Ronnie Milsap, Myrtle Beach is also home to the South Carolina State Bluegrass Festival. The Five Points district in Columbia features a variety of each year at its St. Patricks Day festival
Music of South Carolina
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Chris Potter
Music of South Carolina
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South Carolina in United States
Music of South Carolina
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Darius Rucker
20.
Music of Texas
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The U. S. state of Texas has long been a center for musical innovation and is the birthplace of many notable musicians. Sacred music has a tradition in the state of Texas. The East Texas Musical Convention was organized in 1855, and is the oldest Sacred Harp convention in Texas, the Southwest Texas Sacred Harp Convention was organized in 1900. Sacred Harp and other books in four shape notation were the forerunners of seven shape note gospel music, according to the Handbook of Texas, The first Texas community singing using the seven shape note tradition reportedly occurred in the latter part of December 1879. Texas has been home to gospel music convention publishers, including the National Music Company, Stamps-Baxter Music and Printing Company. Convention gospel music and community singings still occur in a number of Texas towns, including Mineral Wells, Brownfield, Jacksonville, Seymour, Gospel singer, songwriter, and musician Washington Phillips was from Freestone County. Gospel singer and pianist Arizona Dranes was from Sherman, ragtime composer Scott Joplin was born in 1868 near Texarkana, and later became famous playing music halls in Missouri. Gene Austin was born in Gainesville in 1900, he sold 86 million records and was Franklin D. Roosevelts favorite singer, Austin popularized the song My Blue Heaven, which sold more than 10 million copies. He is remembered as the crooner, and was commonly known as The Voice of the Southland. Texas has been the birthplace of country musicians and continues to host a vibrant country music culture. Texan honky-tonk musicians like Milton Brown and Bob Wills helped popularize Western swing, other genres of country also evolved in Texas. Marcia Ball, born in Orange, Texas, combined country with Cajun influences, Ernest Tubb and his country song Im Walking the Floor Over You set the stage for the rise of stars like Lefty Frizzell and Johnny Horton. Ponty Bone, Joe Ely, Lloyd Maines, Butch Hancock, Terry Allen, Jimmie Dale Gilmore and Tommy Hancock, among others, helped invent the 1960s Lubbock sound, based out of Lubbock, Texas. Mac Davis is a singer and songwriter from Lubbock who became one of the most successful singers of the 1970s and 1980s. Tex Ritter and Jim Reeves both grew up in Panola County in East Texas, Bob Luman was born in Nacogdoches. Kenny Rogers, from Houston, has a career spanning more than 50 years and his 1978 album The Gambler remains one of the most famous country albums ever released, having sold a reported 35 million copies worldwide. Despite his huge success he has yet to be inducted into either the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame or the national Country Music Hall of Fame, however, the BBC did name him the second best performer of all-time in a 1999 Country Music Television special. Also from the Houston area are Clint Black, Robert Earl Keen, modern musicians like George Strait, from the San Antonio area, continue to carry on the tradition of country music in Texas
Music of Texas
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Scott Joplin
21.
Music of the Virgin Islands
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Though the United States Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands are politically separate, they maintain close cultural ties. From its neighbors, the Virgin Islands has imported various pan-Caribbean genres of music, including calypso from Trinidad, the major indigenous form of music is the scratch band, which use improvised instruments like gourds and washboards to make a kind of music called Quelbe. A Virgin Island folk song called cariso is also popular, as well as St. Thomas bamboula, the quadrille is the traditional folk dance of the islands, and include varieties like St. Croixs Imperial Quadrille and St. Thomas Flat German Quadrille. The Heritage Dancers are a dance troupe that perform traditional folk dances from the Virgin Islands. Virgin Islander culture is syncretic, based primarily on African, European, though the Danish controlled the present-day U. S. The Dutch, the French and the Danish also contributed elements to the culture, as have immigrants from the Arab world, India. The single largest influence on modern Virgin Islander culture, however and these African slaves brought with them traditions from across a wide swathe of Africa, including what is now Nigeria, Senegal, both Congos, Gambia and Ghana. Virgin Islander folk music has declined since the century, though some traditions, such as scratch bands. These changes local traditions and younger generations from becoming involved in music, because popular styles came to be viewed as having more prestige, class. String instruments were common, including the banjo, ukulele or a six-string guitar. The ass pipe, made out of a car exhaust tube, often provided the bass, since about the 1980s, the instrumentation for scratch bands became more rigid. The alto saxophone became the most common instrument, replaced sometimes by a silver flute. Conga drums, squash, electric guitar or bass guitar, banjo or ukulele, keyboard and additional saxophones or other melodic instruments are more rarely found in modern bands. The music of bands are a type of folk music that dates back to the days of slavery. The slaves on the islands used found objects to fashion instruments, lyrics traditionally function as oral history, spreading news and gossip. Modern scratch bands play a range of dances, including calypsos, boleros, quadrilles, international pop songs, merengues, mazurkas, waltzes, jigs. They perform at church services, private parties, public festivals, local dances and fairs, christenings and weddings, and also perform for tourists. The scratch band tradition remains most vibrant on St. Croix, where the bands Bully & the Kafooners, Stanley & the Ten Sleepless Knights, and Blinky & the Roadmasters are well known
Music of the Virgin Islands
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A St. Thomas Carnival troupe
22.
Music of Washington (state)
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The U. S. state of Washington has been home to many popular musicians and several major hotbeds of musical innovation throughout its history. Nearby Tacoma and Olympia have also been centers of influence on popular music, among the world-famous musicians to call Washington home, Bing Crosby was born in Tacoma in 1903 and raised in Spokane, and had a #1 hit in the U. S. In the mid-1950s, the Washington rock scene was kick-started by a Seattle group, The Frantics, the Frantics were the first rock group from Seattle to have songs in the national Top 40 charts. Later, several garage bands achieved regional and some national fame, perhaps the most famous of these are The Wailers, whose regional fame was paramount for several years in the early 1960s. They are often considered the fathers of Seattles rock scene and their version of Richard Berrys Louie, Louie became the regions unofficial anthem. An influential garage rock band called The Regents became local icons in the Tacoma area, another Tacoma band, The Sonics, also proved to be influential, and are still a cult favorite. Record producer Jerry Dennon of Jerdon Records was responsible for bringing The Kingsmen, best known for their national hit Louie Louie, the Kingsmen soon found themselves embroiled in a rivalry with local favorite Paul Revere & the Raiders, who also released a version of Louie, Louie. Local music fans were split between the two groups, and the music scene polarized as a result. The Kingsmens version eventually caught on nationally after a Boston radio station picked up the song, the songs supposedly suggestive lyrics led to it being banned in some localities, including Indiana. Sisters Ann and Nancy Wilson found commercial success with rock group Heart in the 1970s. The band eventually scored two #1 Hot 100 hits, including These Dreams in 1986, Mondo Bando may be the earliest documented all out original Heavy Metal band in the Seattle area dating to early 1976 to 1977. Live Radio broadcast early 1976, Rock Scene Magazine 1/77 Page 53, Members were, Electra Blue Vocals, Mark Maye Guitar, Carl Joseph Seltice Bass Guitar and Gary Herrman Drums. Disco Music was certainly the music of choice at that time and Punk was on the rise in Seattle so Mondo Bando was in the musical wilderness, warren Ferger left the band very early and Roger Williams joined as lead vocalist. Mondo Bando disbanded in December 1975 and then reformed again in January 1976 when they added Electra Blue, the newly revived band then began writing their own music and went extra hard in their delivery. We didnt call ourselves Heavy Metal, it was what people were calling us, the band once again disbanded in 1977 and it was permanent. Electra Blue moved on to the Seattle Punk Scene and performed with Violent World for a while before relocating to San Francisco, in 1991 Mark Maye played guitar for the Spokane, Washington Christian Heavy Metal band Amethyst. With lead singer and founder Mark Fekete on lead vocals, Gary Rose on bass, Mark Fekete and Gary Rose started Amethyst in Spokane, Washington in 1985, and are still recording new material to this very day. Their style and sound are similar to the styles of bands like Iron Maiden, Metal Church, Metallica, and Dokken
Music of Washington (state)
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Tribute to
Kurt Cobain in Cobain's Hometown
Aberdeen, Washington. "
Come as You Are " is a song by
Nirvana.
23.
Music of Wisconsin
–
Wisconsin was settled largely by European immigrants in the late 19th century. This immigration led to the popularization of galops, schottisches, waltzes, classical composers and conductors from Wisconsin include Hans Balatka, Hugo Kaun, Eugene Luening, Theodore Steinmetz and Sarge Boyd. The Steve Miller Band, with Madisons Steve Miller, had three #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 from 1973–82, including The Joker, the Chordettes, from Sheboygan, had a #1 hit in the US with Mr. Sandman in 1954. Bon Iver, the folk band from Eau Claire, had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 in 2016. Garbage from Madison had a #4 album on the Billboard 200 with the alternative, the 1830s and 1840s brought European dances like the schottische, waltz, galop and, most importantly, the polka. The 1840s also saw massive immigration from Germany to Milwaukee, which known as Deutsche Athen. Groups formed, such as the Milwaukee Musical Society, to celebrate ethnic German music, some important figures from this era include Christopher Bach, Hans Balatka, Eugene Luening and Hugo Kaun. While Germans moved to Milwaukee, Norwegians moved en masse to south and west Wisconsin, norwegian musicians like the violinist Ole Bull were wildly popular in cities like Madison. Musical output came from Grafton, Ozaukee County during the 1920s when Paramount Records released a series of blues, drummer Viola Smith, from Mount Calvary, is best known for her work in swing bands and orchestras in the 1930-1940s. She appeared on Broadway, film, and television, including The Ed Sullivan Show on multiple occasions, jazz clarinetist, alto and soprano saxophonist, singer, and big band leader Woody Herman was born in Milwaukee. Karen Borca, born in Green Bay, is an avant-garde jazz, pianist, composer, and bandleader Lynne Arriale was born in Milwaukee. A cult favorite from the 1980s was the Violent Femmes from Milwaukee, boris the Sprinkler was from Green Bay. Mindlisp, The Vendors, and The Smerves were all from Ashland, New wave bands from Milwaukee included Couch Flambeau and The Stellas, later better known as hardcore punk band Die Kreuzen. Milwaukee saw some other action, but the scene soon died out. Madison, Wisconsin spawned the Tar Babies and Appliances-SFB, later, the noise rock band Killdozer became an indie rock group. The most recent punk rock bands from Wisconsin are Tenement, Jetty Boys, Avenues, The Transgressions, Direct Hit, Georges Bush, Showoff and Masked Intruder. Since the late 1990s, Wisconsin has had an upsurge in heavy and extreme metal bands that have played across the state, one-man death metal project Putrid Pile resides in Racine, Wisconsin. Putrid Pile has sold over 10,000 albums worldwide since the year 2000, Madison has a vibrant Stoner Rock culture, producing bands such as Bongzilla, Jex Thoth, and Romero
Music of Wisconsin
–
Mile of Music - Founded 2013
Music of Wisconsin
–
The Eau Claire Municipal Band, founded in 1902, is the city's oldest community musical organization.
Music of Wisconsin
–
Cimmeron Show Review 1976
Music of Wisconsin
–
The Root Note is a prime venue for indie and underground music in the La Crosse region.
24.
French Quarter
–
The French Quarter, also known as the Vieux Carré, is the oldest neighborhood in the city of New Orleans. After New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, the city developed around the Vieux Carré, the district is more commonly called the French Quarter today, or simply The Quarter, related to changes in the city with American immigration after the Louisiana Purchase. The district as a whole has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and it is a prime tourist destination in the city, as well as attracting local residents. The French Quarter is located at 29°57′31″N 90°03′54″W and has an elevation of 1 foot, according to the United States Census Bureau, the district has a total area of 0.66 square miles. 0.49 square miles of which is land and 0.17 square miles of which is water, the most common definition of the French Quarter includes all the land stretching along the Mississippi River from Canal Street to Esplanade Avenue and inland to North Rampart Street. It equals an area of 78 square blocks, louis Street and North Rampart Street to the west. The National Historic Landmark district is stated to be 85 square blocks, the Quarter is subdistrict of the French Quarter/CBD Area. Faubourg Marigny Mississippi River Central Business District Iberville Tremé As of the census of 2000, there were 4,176 people,2,908 households, the population density was 8,523 /mi². As of the census of 2010, there were 3,813 people,2,635 households, most of the French Quarters architecture was built during the late 18th century and the period of Spanish rule over the city, which is reflected in the architecture of the neighborhood. Their strict new fire codes mandated that all structures be physically adjacent, the old French peaked roofs were replaced with flat tiled ones, and wooden siding was banned in favor of fire-resistant stucco, painted in the pastel hues fashionable at the time. As a result, colorful walls and roofs and elaborately decorated ironwork balconies and galleries, from the late 18th, when Anglophone Americans began to move in after the Louisiana Purchase, they mostly built on available land upriver, across modern-day Canal Street. This thoroughfare became the place of two cultures, one Francophone Creole and the other Anglophone American. The median of the boulevard became a place where the two contentious cultures could meet and do business in both French and English. As such, it known as the neutral ground. Even before the Civil War, French Creoles had become a minority in the French Quarter, in the late 19th century the Quarter became a less fashionable part of town, and many immigrants from southern Italy and Ireland settled there. In 1905, the Italian consul estimated that one-third to one-half of the Quarter’s population were Italian-born or second generation Italian-Americans, Irish immigrants also settled heavily in the Esplanade area, which was called the Irish Channel. In 1917, the closure of Storyville sent much of the vice formerly concentrated therein back into the French Quarter, was the last straw, and they began to move uptown. This, combined with the loss of the French Opera House two years later, provided a bookend to the era of French Creole culture in the Quarter, many of the remaining French Creoles moved to the University area
French Quarter
–
The French Quarter, looking north with Mississippi River to the right
French Quarter
–
Vieux Carre Historic District
French Quarter
–
Elaborate ironwork galleries on the corner of Royal and St. Peter streets
French Quarter
–
The balconies and windows are an example of late 18th-century
Spanish architecture built after the Great Fires of
1788 and
1794.
25.
Vermilionville
–
Lafayette is a city located along the Vermilion River in southwestern Louisiana. The city of Lafayette is the fourth-largest in the state, with a population of 127,657 according to 2015 U. S. Census estimates and it is the principal city of the Lafayette, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a 2015 estimated population of 490,488. The larger trade area or Combined Statistical Area of Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City CSA was 627,146 in 2015, Lafayette is the parish seat of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana. Its nickname is The Hub City, the American city was founded as Vermilionville in 1821 by Jean Mouton, a French-speaking man of Acadian descent. In 1884, it was renamed for General Lafayette, who fought with, the citys economy was primarily based on agriculture until the 1940s, when the petroleum and natural gas industries became dominant. Lafayette is considered the center of Acadiana, the area of Cajun and Creole culture in Louisiana and it developed following the relocation of Acadians after their expulsion by the British from eastern Canada in the late 18th century following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War. There is also a strong Louisiana Creole influence in the area, Lafayette is located at 30°13′N 92°2′W and has an elevation of 36 feet. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 49.2 square miles. Lafayette is located on the West Gulf Coastal Plain, what is now Lafayette was part of the seabed during the earlier Quaternary Period. During this time, the Mississippi River cut a 325-foot-deep valley between what is now Lafayette and Baton Rouge and this valley was filled and is now the Atchafalaya Basin. Lafayette is located on the rim of this valley. This land, called the southwestern Louisiana Prairie Terrace, is higher up and not made of wetland like much of the areas to the south. The Vermilion River runs through the center of Lafayette, other significant waterways in the city are Isaac Verot Coulee, Coulee Mine, Coulee des Poches and Coulee Ile des Cannes, which are natural drainage canals that lead to the Vermilion River. Lafayettes climate is described as humid subtropical using Köppen climate classification, Lafayette is typical of areas along the Gulf of Mexico in that it has hot, humid summers and mild winters. As of the census of 2010, there were 120,623 people,43,506 households, the population density was 2,316.7 people per square mile. There were 46,865 housing units at a density of 984.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 68. 23% White,28. 51% African American,0. 25% Native American,1. 44% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 58% from other races, and 0. 97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 88% of the population
Vermilionville
–
From upper left: Statue in front of downtown fire station, oak-lined street in the University district, Downtown Lafayette,
Cajundome, and
University of Louisiana at Lafayette quad.
Vermilionville
–
IIsaac Verot Coulee on the southside of Lafayette, at high water
Vermilionville
–
St John's Cathedral of
Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana
Vermilionville
–
Downtown Lafayette from the air
26.
Music festival
–
A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality, or locality of musicians, or holiday. They are commonly held outdoors, and are inclusive of other attractions such as food and merchandise vending, performance art. Many festivals are annual, or repeat at some other interval, some, including many rock festivals, are held only once. Some festivals are organized as for-profit concerts and others are benefits for a specific cause, another type of music festival is the educative type, organized annually in local communities, regionally, or nationally, for the benefit of amateur musicians of all ages and grades of achievement. The Pythian Games at Delphi included musical performances, and may be one of the earliest festivals known, during the Middle Ages, festivals were often held as competitions. Entrants perform prepared pieces in front of an audience which includes competitors and they also usually receive a certificate, classified according to merit, and some may win trophies. The competitive element is played down, however, as the important aspect is that participants can learn from one another. Such festivals aim to provide a friendly and supportive platform for musicians to share in the excitement of making music, for many, they provide a bridge from lessons and examinations to performing confidently in public. Milwaukee, Wisconsins 11-day event, Summerfest, promotes itself as The Worlds Largest Music Festival, operating annually since 1968, the festival attracts between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people each year, and hosts over 800 musical acts. The Woodstock Festival in 1969 drew nearly 500,000 attendees, the largest annual greenfield music festival in the world is Roskilde Festival in Denmark, which attracts about 135,000 spectators each year. Glastonbury Festival has a capacity of about 175,000 spectators, for a more complete listing of active and defunct festivals by region, see Category, Music festivals by country. Some sections may also have links to related lists of music festivals by country, L. my.1 Festival, Biddinghuizen Dekmantel, Amsterdam Festival Mundial, Tilburg Incubate, Tilburg Le Guess Who. Born 1985 Salas Principales Auditorio Alfredo Kraus, Las Palmas y Auditorio Adán Martin, Tenerife. com – The most extensive music festival listings
Music festival
–
Music festival
Music festival
–
Leigo Järvemuusika 2007
Music festival
–
Parkenfestivalen 2012 The Prodigy
27.
You Are My Sunshine
–
You Are My Sunshine is a popular song recorded by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell and first recorded in 1939. It has been declared one of the songs of Louisiana because of its association with Davis. The song has been covered numerous times — so often, in fact, the 1940 version by Davis has been added to the National Recording Registry in the Library of Congress on March 21,2013 for long-term preservation. Virginia Shehee, a long-time Davis family friend and member of the Louisiana State Senate from 1976 to 1980, two versions of You Are My Sunshine were recorded and released in 1939 prior to Jimmie Davis version. The first was recorded for Bluebird Records on August 22,1939 by The Pine Ridge Boys, the second was recorded for Decca Records on September 13,1939 by The Rice Brothers Gang. This group was originally from north Georgia, but had relocated to Shreveport, the version by Jimmie Davis was recorded for Decca Records on February 5,1940. Some early versions of the song credit the Rice Brothers, according to some accounts, clarinetist Pud Brown was also involved with the Rice Brothers for the songs origin or first arrangement. Davis said that for some time he had been enthusiastic about the song and had tried to convince record companies to record it before finally making his own 1940 record of the song. Davis version was popular and was followed by numerous other covers, including those of Bing Crosby and Gene Autry, whose versions made the number a big hit. Davis emphasized his association with the song running for governor of Louisiana in 1944, singing it at all his campaign rallies. The song appears to have taken from the trio section of Barber Pole Rag by Charles L. Johnson. List of number-one R&B singles of 1962 List of number-one R&B singles of 1963 Oliver Hoods story Joel Whitburn Presents Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, 1942–2004,2004 pg.113
You Are My Sunshine
–
The Pine Ridge Boys
You Are My Sunshine
–
Rice Brothers Gang
You Are My Sunshine
–
Jimmie Davis with Charles Mitchell's Orchestra
28.
Zydeco
–
The origin of the word zydeco is uncertain. One theory is that it derives from the French phrase Les haricots ne sont pas salés, which and this literally translates as the snap beans arent salty but idiomatically as I have no spicy news for you signifying the speakers fatigue or lack of energy. The earliest recorded use of the term may have been the country, initially, several different spellings of the word existed, including zarico and zodico. In 1960, musicologist Robert Mack McCormick wrote liner notes for an album, A Treasury of Field Recordings. The word was used in reviews, and McCormick began publicizing it around Houston as a standard spelling, in an alternative theory the term derives from the Atakapa people, whose enslaved women were well known for forming marital unions with male African slaves in the early 1700s. The Atakapa word for dance is shi and their word for the youths is ishol, in 1528 Spanish people, the first Europeans to contact the Atakapa, translated shi ishol as zy ikol. Four hundred years later, the descendants of Atakapas and Africans would still sway in synchrony to their raucous music. Another possible root word for zydeco is as a West African term for Musicking, however recent studies based on early Louisiana recordings made by Alan and John Lomax suggests that the term, as well as the tradition, may have African origins. The languages of West African tribes affected by the slave trade provide some clues as to the origins of zydeco, in at least a dozen languages from this culture-area of Africa, the phonemes za, re, and go are frequently associated with dancing and/or playing music. As a result, the music integrated waltz, shuffles, two-steps, blues, rock and roll, and other dance music forms of the era. Today, zydeco integrates genres such as R&B, soul, brass band, reggae, hip hop, ska, rock, Afro-Caribbean and other styles, in addition to the traditional forms. The original French settlers came to Louisiana in the late 1600s, sent by the Regent of France, Philippe dOrléans, Duke of Orléans, arriving in New Orleans on seven ships, the settlers quickly moved into the bayous and swamps. There the French culture permeated those of the Irish, Spanish, for 150 years, Louisiana Creoles enjoyed an insular lifestyle, prospering, educating themselves without the government and building their invisible communities under the Code Noir. The French created the Code Noir in 1724 to establish rules for treatment of slaves, as well as restrictions and rights for gens de couleur libres and they had the right to own land, something few blacks in the American South had at that time. The disruption of the Louisiana Creole community began when the United States made the Louisiana Purchase, the new settlers typically recognized only the system of race that prevailed where they came from. When the Civil War ended and the slaves were freed. Creoles continued to press for education and advancement while negotiating the new society, zydecos rural beginnings and the prevailing economic conditions at its inception are reflected in the song titles, lyrics, and bluesy vocals. The music arose as a synthesis of traditional Creole music, some Cajun music influences, and African-American traditions, including R&B, blues, jazz and it was also often just called French music or le musique Creole known as la-la
Zydeco
–
Early Creole musicians playing an accordion and a washboard in front of a store, near
Opelousas, Louisiana (1938). Zydeco music originated from Creole music — today's rubboard or frottoir ("rubbing the washboard") is a stylized version of the early washboard.
Zydeco
–
Chenier Brothers performing at Jay's Lounge and Cockpit,
Cankton, Louisiana, Mardi Gras, 1975
Zydeco
–
C. J. Chenier performing in the Ross Bandstand
Zydeco
–
A zydeco musician wearing a vest frottoir.
29.
New Orleans
–
New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502. The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and it is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music, and its celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is referred to as the most unique in the United States. New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River, the city and Orleans Parish are coterminous. The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south, and Jefferson to the south and west. Lake Pontchartrain, part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north, before Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish was the most populous parish in Louisiana. As of 2015, it ranks third in population, trailing neighboring Jefferson Parish, La Nouvelle-Orléans was founded May 7,1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was Regent of the Kingdom of France at the time and his title came from the French city of Orléans. The French colony was ceded to the Spanish Empire in the Treaty of Paris, during the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an important port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River. Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez successfully launched a campaign against the British from the city in 1779. New Orleans remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight, nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré dates from the Spanish period, the most notable exception being the Old Ursuline Convent. Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, thereafter, the city grew rapidly with influxes of Americans, French, Creoles, and Africans. Later immigrants were Irish, Germans, and Italians, Major commodity crops of sugar and cotton were cultivated with slave labor on large plantations outside the city. The Haitian Revolution ended in 1804 and established the republic in the Western Hemisphere. It had occurred several years in what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue
New Orleans
–
From top left: A typical New Orleans mansion off
St. Charles Avenue, a streetcar passing by
Loyola University and
Tulane University, the skyline of the
Central Business District,
Jackson Square, and a view of Royal Street in the
French Quarter
New Orleans
–
The
Battle of New Orleans (1815)
New Orleans
–
Mississippi River
steamboats at New Orleans, 1853.
New Orleans
–
The starving people of New Orleans under Union occupation during the Civil War, 1862
30.
North Louisiana
–
North Louisiana is a region in the U. S. state of Louisiana. The region has two areas, Shreveport-Bossier City and Monroe-West Monroe. The northwestern portion of Louisiana is culturally and economically attached to Northeast Texas, Combined they comprise the Ark-La-Tex area as the northeastern portion of Louisiana, Southeast Arkansas, and Northwest Mississippi are known as the Ark-La-Miss. There is one Combined Statistical Area, two Metropolitan Statistical Area, and four Micropolitan Statistical Areas that include Central Louisiana parishes, Map of Louisiana regions Clickable Louisiana Map
North Louisiana
–
The North region is shaded in brown.
31.
Greater New Orleans
–
As of the April 1,2012, estimate, the metropolitan statistical area had a population of 1,227,096. The New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond Combined Statistical Area, an area, had a population of 1,452,502. The metropolitan area was hit by Hurricane Katrina – once a Category 5 hurricane, within the city of New Orleans proper, multiple breaches and structural failures occurred in the system of levees and flood walls designed under Federal government auspices. The resulting decline in the population negatively impacted population numbers for the entire metro area. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area is made up of nine parishes, the CSA includes two metropolitan area and one micropolitan areas. The Census Bureaus CSA adds Washington and Tangipahoa Parishes, to make nine parishes, the New Orleans regions chamber of commerce, GNO, Inc. includes the nine parishes of the Census Bureaus CSA plus St. James Parish. This wider 10-parish region had a population of 1.32 million as of July 1,2008, the Louisiana state legislature created a commission, the Regional Planning Commission, to be responsible for the planning and development of the New Orleans metropolitan area. The five parishes covered by the commission are, Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, additionally, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist are associate members of the Regional Planning Commission. The New Orleans metropolitan area was first defined in 1950, then known as the New Orleans Standard Metropolitan Area, it consisted of three parishes – Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard – and had a population of 685,405. Following a term change by the Bureau of the Budget, the New Orleans SMA was called the New Orleans Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, by the census of 1960, the population had grown to 868,480, a 27% increase over the previous census. St. Tammany Parish was added the New Orleans SMSA in 1963, the four-parish area had a combined population of 899,123 in 1960 and 1,045,809 in 1970. By the 1980 census, the population had increased by 14% to 1,187,073, in 1983, the official name was shortened to the New Orleans Metropolitan Statistical Area. Two more parishes, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, were added to the MSA the same year, making a six-parish MSA. The newly defined area had a total of 1,256,256 residents in 1980, the New Orleans MSA expanded to eight parishes in 1993 with the inclusion of Plaquemines and St. James. The eight-parish area had a population of 1,285,270 at the 1990 census and 1,337,726 in 2000. The MSA was renamed the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2003, St. James Parish was removed from the defined metropolitan area. A total of 1,316,510 people lived in the seven parishes of Greater New Orleans in 2000, the City of Kenner is the largest incorporated city located in Jefferson Parish, just west of the City of New Orleans. In the New Orleans metropolitan area, the following terms are used, Eastbank, Westbank, Northshore
Greater New Orleans
–
New Orleans Metropolitan Area
Greater New Orleans
–
Hurricane Katrina aerial photo of oil spill in Chalmette, Louisiana, showing oil slick on streets (September 2005)
Greater New Orleans
–
The city of Slidell celebrated its centennial in 1988
Greater New Orleans
–
Madisonville's colorful
waterfront, viewed here looking north from the
drawbridge on
LA 22, features outdoor dining along the
Tchefuncte River estuary.
32.
Dixieland
–
Dixieland, sometimes referred to as hot jazz or traditional jazz, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The first use of the term Dixieland with reference to music was in the name of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, at that time, there was no issue of subgenres of jazz, so Dixieland referred to the band and not the music. That reflected the fact that all of the recorded repertoire of New Orleans musicians was from the period when the format was already evolving beyond the traditional New Orleans format. Dixieland may in that sense be regarded as denoting the jazz movement of the 1940s and 1950s as much as any particular subgenre of jazz. The essential elements that were accepted as within the style were the front lines consisting of trumpets, trombones, and clarinets. The Jim Crow associations of the name Dixieland also did little to attract younger coloured musicians to the revival, well-known jazz standard tunes such as Basin Street Blues and When the Saints Go Marching In are known even to non-jazz fans thanks to the enduring popularity of traditional jazz. The Vietnam-era protest song Feel Like Im Fixin to Die Rag is based on tonal centers, Traditional jazz is a major tourist attraction for New Orleans to the present day. It has been an influence on the styles of modern players such as Charles Mingus. New Orleans music combined earlier brass band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime, the Dixieland sound is created when one instrument plays the melody or a variation on it, and the other instruments improvise around that melody. This creates a more sound than the heavily arranged big band sound of the 1930s or the straight melodies of bebop in the 1940s. The West Coast revival began in the late 1930s in San Francisco which used banjo, the Dutch old-style jazz was played with trumpets, trombones and saxophones accompanied by a single clarinet, sousaphone and a section of Marching percussion usually including a washboard. Dixieland is the given to early jazz by traditional jazz revivalists. The name is a reference to the Old South, specifically anything south of the Mason-Dixon line, the term encompasses earlier brass band marches, French Quadrilles, biguine, ragtime, and blues with collective, polyphonic improvisation. Louis Armstrongs All-Stars was the band most popularly identified with Dixieland during the 1940s and this creates a more polyphonic sound than the arranged ensemble playing of the big band sound or the straight head melodies of bebop. During the 1930s and 1940s, the earlier group-improvisation style fell out of favor with the majority of black players. Though younger musicians developed new forms, many beboppers revered Armstrong, many Dixieland groups of the revival era consciously imitated the recordings and bands of decades earlier. Other musicians continued to create innovative performances and new tunes, for example, in the 1950s a style called Progressive Dixieland sought to blend polyphonic improvisation with bebop-style rhythm. Spike Jones & His New Band and Steve Lacy played with such bands and this style is sometimes called Dixie-bop
Dixieland
–
A traditionalist jazz band plays at a party in New Orleans in 2005. Shown here are Chris Clifton, on
trumpet; Brian O'Connell, on
clarinet; Les Muscutt, on
banjo; Chuck Badie, on
string bass; and Tom Ebert, on
trombone.
Dixieland
–
The International Dixieland Festival in Dresden
33.
Blues
–
Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
Blues
–
John Lomax (left) shaking hands with musician "Uncle" Rich Brown in Sumterville,
Alabama
Blues
–
Charley Patton, one of the originators of the Delta blues style, playing with a
pick or a
bottleneck slide.
Blues
–
Sheet music from "
Saint Louis Blues " (1914)
Blues
–
Bessie Smith, an early blues singer, was known for her powerful voice.
34.
Afro-Caribbean
–
African-Caribbeans are Caribbean people who trace their ancestry to Africa in the period since Christopher Columbuss arrival in the region in 1492. Other names for the group include African-Caribbean, Afro-Antillean or Afro-West Indian, between the 16th and 19th centuries, European-led triangular trade brought African people to work as slaves in the Caribbean on various plantations. Many Afro-Caribbeans also have non-African ancestry, such as European, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern and Native American, as there has been intermarriage over the centuries. L. R. James, to writer and theorists such as Aime Cesaire and Frantz Fanon, to US military leader and statesman Colin Powell whose parents were immigrants, during the post-Columbian era, the archipelagos and islands of the Caribbean were the first sites of African Diaspora dispersal in the western Atlantic. Specifically, in 1492, Pedro Alonso Niño, an African-Spanish seafarer, was recorded as piloting one of Columbuss ships and he returned in 1499, but did not settle. By the end of the 18th century, on many islands, on Saint-Domingue, free people of color and slaves rebelled against harsh conditions, and constant inter-imperial warfare. In 1804, Haiti, with its overwhelmingly African population and leadership, cuba was the last island to be emancipated when Spain abolished slavery in its colonies. During the 20th century, Afro-Caribbean people, who were a majority in many Caribbean societies, began to assert their cultural, economic, aimé Césaire developed a negritude movement. From the 1960s, the West Indian territories began to win their independence from British colonial rule and they were pre-eminent in creating new cultural forms such as reggae music, calypso and rastafarianism within the Caribbean. They also contributed to developments in Europe, as evidenced by influential theorists such as Frantz Fanon. Politics Lynden Pindling - Bahamian Politician, and first Prime minister of the Bahamas Hubert Ingraham - Bahamian, Politician, perry Christie - Bahamian, Politician and lawyer. Joseph Robert Love - Bahamian born, medical doctor and Jamaican politician and political activist who influenced Marcus Garvey John Compton - Saint Lucia, Politician and Lawyer
Afro-Caribbean
–
Colin Powell
Afro-Caribbean
–
Bob Marley
Afro-Caribbean
–
Sidney Poitier
Afro-Caribbean
–
Nicki Minaj
35.
Baton Rouge
–
Baton Rouge is the capital of the U. S. state of Louisiana and its second-largest city. It forms the seat of East Baton Rouge Parish and is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River. As the Capital City, Baton Rouge is the hub for Louisiana. The metropolitan area surrounding the city, known as Greater Baton Rouge, is also the second-largest in Louisiana, the urban area has around 594,309 inhabitants. Baton Rouge is an industrial, petrochemical, medical, research, motion picture. The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the tenth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, the Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding, in addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. The city is a rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations. It was ruled by seven different governments, French, British, and Spanish in the era, West Floridian, United States territory and state, Confederate. Human habitation in the Baton Rouge area has been dated to 12000 –6500 BC based on evidence found along the Mississippi, Comite, earthwork mounds were built by hunter-gatherer societies in the Middle Archaic period, from roughly the 4th millennium BC. Eastern Muskogean began to diversify internally in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, at the time, the region appeared to be occupied by a collection of moderately-sized native chiefdoms interspersed with autonomous villages and tribal groups. French explorer Sieur dIberville led a party up the Mississippi River in 1699. The explorers saw a red pole marking the boundary between the Houma and Bayogoula tribal hunting grounds, see also Red Sticks for the ceremonial use of red sticks among the Muscogee. The location of the red pole was presumably at Scotts Bluff and it was reportedly a 30-foot-high painted pole adorned with fish bones. The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1721 when a military post was established by French colonists. Since European settlement, Baton Rouge has been governed by France, Britain, Spain, Louisiana, the Republic of West Florida, the Confederate States, and the United States. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canadas Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture. During the first half of the 19th century, the city grew steadily as the result of steamboat trade, Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817
Baton Rouge
–
Baton Rouge waterfront
Baton Rouge
–
Capitol Building
Baton Rouge
–
Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville named Baton Rouge and lakes
Pontchartrain and
Maurepas in the early French colonial era.
Baton Rouge
–
Old Louisiana State Capitol
36.
U.S. Southern States
–
The Southern United States, commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America. The South does not fully match the geographic south of the United States, arizona and New Mexico, which are geographically in the southern part of the country, are rarely considered part, while West Virginia, which separated from Virginia in 1863, commonly is. Some scholars have proposed definitions of the South that do not coincide neatly with state boundaries, while the states of Delaware and Maryland, as well as the District of Columbia permitted slavery prior to the start of the Civil War, they remained with the Union. However, the United States Census Bureau puts them in the South, usually, the South is defined as including the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles, and cuisines, the Southern ethnic heritage is diverse and includes strong European, African, and some Native American components. Since the late 1960s, black people have many offices in Southern states, especially in the coastal states of Virginia. Historically, the South relied heavily on agriculture, and was rural until after 1945. It has since become more industrialized and urban and has attracted national and international migrants, the American South is now among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. Houston is the largest city in the Southern United States, sociological research indicates that Southern collective identity stems from political, demographic, and cultural distinctiveness from the rest of the United States. The region contains almost all of the Bible Belt, an area of high Protestant church attendance and predominantly conservative, indeed, studies have shown that Southerners are more conservative than non-Southerners in several areas, including religion, morality, international relations and race relations. Apart from its climate, the experience in the South increasingly resembles the rest of the nation. The arrival of millions of Northerners and millions of Hispanics meant the introduction of cultural values, the process has worked both ways, however, with aspects of Southern culture spreading throughout a greater portion of the rest of the United States in a process termed Southernization. The question of how to define the subregions in the South has been the focus of research for nearly a century, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, the Southern region of the United States includes sixteen states. As of 2010, an estimated 114,555,744 people, or thirty-seven percent of all U. S. residents, lived in the South, the nations most populous region. Other terms related to the South include, The Old South, the New South, usually including the South Atlantic States. The Solid South, region largely controlled by the Democratic Party from 1877 to 1964, before that, blacks were elected to national office and many to local office through the 1880s, Populist-Republican coalitions gained victories for Fusionist candidates for governors in the 1890s. Includes at least all the 11 former Confederate States, Southeastern United States, usually including the Carolinas, the Virginias, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. The Deep South, various definitions, usually including Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, occasionally, parts of adjoining states are included
U.S. Southern States
–
Texas Hill Country
U.S. Southern States
–
The Southern United States as defined by the
United States Census Bureau. The "South" and its regions are defined in various ways, however. (See
Geography section.)
U.S. Southern States
–
Bluegrass region in Kentucky
U.S. Southern States
–
Glass Mountains at Glass Mountains State Park, Oklahoma
37.
Creole music
–
In Americas Music, Gilbert Chase describes the cultural setting in which Creole folk music developed. Of these, about three thousand were free Negroes, born in New Orleans and reared in the culture of Saint-Domingue, he toured throughout the Caribbean and was particularly acclaimed in Cuba. It is likely that contradanzas composed by both Gottschalk and Saumell were an antecedent to the compositions of Scott Joplin and Jelly Roll Morton. Adelaide Van Wey sings Creole songs on Street Cries and Creole Songs of New Orleans, Creole folk songs originated on the plantations of the French and Spanish colonists of Louisiana. The music characteristics embody African-derived syncopated rhythms, the Habanera accent of Spain, central to Creole musical activities was Place Congo. The much quoted 1886 article by George Washington Cable offers this description, The booming of African drums, the drums were very long, hollowed, often from a single piece of wood, open at one end and having a sheep or goat skin stretched across the other. The smaller drum was made from a joint or two of very large bamboo. and this is said to be the origin of its name. Cable then describes a variety of instruments used at Congo Square, including gourds, triangles, jaw harps, jawbones, and the instrument at last. The bamboula, or bamboo-drum, accompanied the bamboula dance and bamboula songs, Chase writes, For Cable, the bamboula represented a frightful triumph of body over the mind, and Only the music deserved to survive, and does survive. Among other Creole dances mentioned by Chase are the babouilee, the cata, the counjaille, the voudou, the calinda, perhaps the most widespread of all was the calinda. The melody Michié Préval, for example, was sung to the calinda, in Spanish, the name of this dance is calenda. Four of these songs, Nos.130,131,132, and 133, were sung to a dance, a sort of minuet, called the Coonjai, the name. It seems likely that she or he was a guest or a member of the La Branche family and this family included United States chargé daffaires to Texas and a Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives, Alcée Louis la Branche. Charles Parish, where the seven songs were once sung, Louis Moreau Gottschalk, widely acknowledged as Americas foremost concert artist of the nineteenth century, was born in New Orleans in 1829. Perones bio-bibliography lists hundreds of Gottschalks compositions, among them are three solo piano works based on Creole melodies, Bamboula, danse des nègres, based on Musieu Bainjo and Tan Patate-là Tcuite. La Savane, ballad crèole, based on Lolotte, also known as Povpiti Lolotte, Le Bananier, chanson nègre, based on En avan, Grenadie, which like other Creole folk melodies, was also a popular French song. In Americas Music, Chase writes, Le Bananier was one of the three based on Creole tunes that had a tremendous success in Europe and that I have called the Louisiana Trilogy. All three were composed between 1844 and 1846, when Gottschalk was still a teenager, the piece that created the greatest sensation was Bamboula
Creole music
–
Congo Square in New Orleans
Creole music
–
Louis Moreau Gottschalk pictured on an 1864 publication
38.
Swamp pop
–
Swamp pop is a musical genre indigenous to the Acadiana region of south Louisiana and an adjoining section of southeast Texas. Created in the 1950s and early 1960s by teenaged Cajuns, it combines New Orleans-style rhythm and blues, country and western, and traditional French Louisiana musical influences. It is not to be confused with swamp rock, which is a genre that drew more on 1960s rock than on the 1950s rhythm. The swamp pop sound is typified by highly emotional, lovelorn lyrics, tripleting honky-tonk pianos, undulating lines, bellowing horn sections. It is exemplified by slow ballads like Cookie and the Cupcakes Mathilda, but the genre has also produced many upbeat compositions, such as Bobby Charles Later Alligator, popularly covered by Bill Haley & His Comets. During the genres heyday, several swamp pop songs appeared on national U. S. record charts, in swamp pops south Louisiana-southeast Texas birthplace, fans regarded many songs that never became national hits as classics. By the late 1950s, swamp pop musicians had developed their own distinct sound and they performed to receptive crowds in local dancehalls like the Southern Club in Opelousas, Landrys Palladium in Lafayette, the OST Club in Rayne, and the Green Lantern in Lawtell. Swamp pop musicians often adopted Anglo-American stage names that masked their Cajun surnames, some of these musicians changed their names because they were ashamed of their rural French heritage — a feeling shared at the time by a segment of the Cajun population. Despite its obvious rock and roll and rhythm & blues influences, joe Barry re-recorded his swamp pop hit Im A Fool To Care in French under the title Je suis bête pour taimer. And Randy and the Rockets issued Lets Do The Cajun Twist, since the genres origin in the mid-1950s, over 20 swamp pop songs have appeared in the Billboard Hot 100. Five of these songs broke into the Top 10, and three of them reached number one, Swamp pop also left its imprint on the related but distinct genre known as swamp blues, including Slim Harpos classic Rainin In My Heart. Swamp pop influenced Tex-Mex music, particularly the recordings of Freddy Fenders early swampy songs like Before The Next Teardrop Falls and Wasted Days and Wasted Nights in 1975. Although the genre began a decline with the onslaught of the British Invasion, swamp pop music continues to draw devoted fans to south Louisiana and southeast Texas festivals. Only a few younger swamp pop musicians, such as Don Rich, are replacing the original generation of swamp pop pioneers, some younger non-swamp musicians, such as Cajun musician Zachary Richard and rockers Marc Broussard and C. C. Adcock, have acknowledged a strong pop influence. Johnnie Allan, Promised Land, Ace 380,1992, Johnnie Allan, Swamp Pop Legend, Johnnie Allan – The Essential Collection, Jin 9044,1995. Rod Bernard, Swamp Pop Legend, Rod Bernard – The Essential Collection, Rod Bernard, Swamp Rock n Roller, Ace 488,1994. The Boogie Kings, Swamp Boogie Blues, Jin 9045,1995, van Broussard, The Early Years, CSP1007,1993
Swamp pop
–
Swamp pop musician Jivin' Gene, c. 1959.
Swamp pop
–
Swamp pop duo Dale & Grace, c. 1963.
Swamp pop
–
Johnnie Allan
39.
Swamp blues
–
It generally has a slow tempo and incorporates influences from other genres of music, particularly the regional styles of zydeco and Cajun music. Its most successful proponents included Slim Harpo and Lightnin Slim, who enjoyed a number of national rhythm and blues hits and whose work was frequently covered by bands of the British Invasion. Swamp blues is a laid-back, slow tempo, and generally more rhythmic variation of Louisiana blues and it is characterized by simple but effective guitar work and is heavily influenced by the boogie patterns used on Jimmy Reed records and the work of Lightnin Hopkins and Muddy Waters. The sound of blues was characterized by eerie echo, shuffle beats, tremolo guitars, searing harmonica. Swamp blues originated in the Louisiana state capital, Baton Rouge, in the 1950s Miller realized many blues artists around the city had not been recorded. He rectified this, distributing their recordings through Excello Records in Nashville, the most successful and influential artist with whom he worked was guitarist and harmonica player Slim Harpo. Other major artists included Lightnin Slim, Lazy Lester, Silas Hogan, Lonesome Sundown, a number of their tracks, particularly those of Slim Harpo, were covered by British Invasion bands, including the Rolling Stones, The Kinks and the Yardbirds. The popularity of the genre faded in the 1970s, with many swamp bluesmen turning to zydeco which remained popular with black audiences
Swamp blues
–
Lazy Lester in 2004
40.
Grammy
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
Grammy
–
Grammy Awards
41.
Fiddle
–
Fiddle is another name for the bowed string musical instrument more often called a violin. It is also a term for the instrument used by players in all genres. Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music, Fiddle is also a common term among musicians who play folk music on the violin. The fiddle is part of traditional styles of music which are aural traditions. There are few distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles. In order to produce a tone, compared to the deeper tones of gut or synthetic core strings. Among musical styles, fiddling tends to produce rhythms focused on dancing, with associated quick note changes, whereas classical music tends to contain more vibrato and it is less common for a classically trained violinist to play folk music, but today, many fiddlers have classical training. The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the Byzantine lira, lira spread widely westward to Europe, in the 11th and 12th centuries European writers use the terms fiddle and lira interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments. During the Renaissance the gambas were important and elegant instruments, they eventually lost ground to the viola da braccio family. The etymology of fiddle is uncertain, the Germanic fiddle may derive from the same early Romance word as does violin, the name seems however to be related to Icelandic Fiðla and also Old English fiðele. A native Germanic ancestor of fiddle may even be the ancestor of the early Romance form of violin, historically, fiddle also referred to a predecessor of todays violin. Like the violin, it tended to have four strings, another family of instruments that contributed to the development of the modern fiddle are the viols, which are held between the legs and played vertically, and have fretted fingerboards. Violins, on the hand, are commonly grouped in sections. The difference was likely compounded by the different sounds expected of violin music, historically, the majority of fiddle music was dance music, while violin music had either grown out of dance music or was something else entirely. Violin music came to value a smoothness that fiddling, with its dance-driven clear beat, in situations that required greater volume, a fiddler could push their instrument harder than could a violinist. In the very late 20th century, a few artists have attempted a reconstruction of the Scottish tradition of violin and big fiddle. Notable recorded examples include Iain Fraser and Christine Hanson, Amelia Kaminski and Christine Hansons Bonnie Lasses and Alasdair Fraser and Natalie Haas Fire and Grace. In Hungary, a three stringed viola variant with a bridge, called the kontra or háromhúros brácsa makes up part of a traditional rhythm section in Hungarian folk music
Fiddle
–
A fiddler
Fiddle
–
Peter Stampfel from the Holy Modal Rounders
Fiddle
–
Fiddler Kenny Baker.
42.
Cajun
–
Cajuns are an ethnic group mainly living in the U. S. state of Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles. Today, the Cajuns make up a significant portion of south Louisianas population and have exerted an impact on the states culture. The Acadia region to which modern Cajuns trace their origin consisted largely of what are now Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island plus parts of eastern Quebec and northern Maine. Since their establishment in Louisiana, the Cajuns have developed their own dialect, Cajun French, and developed a vibrant culture including folkways, music, the Acadiana region is heavily associated with them. Arcadia derives from the Arcadia district in Greece which since classical antiquity had the extended meanings of refuge or idyllic place, samuel de Champlain fixed the orthography with the r omitted in the 17th century. The term eventually came to only to the northern part of the coast in what is now Canada. The Cajuns retain a unique dialect of the French language and numerous other cultural traits that distinguish them as an ethnic group, Cajuns were officially recognized by the U. S. government as a national ethnic group in 1980 per a discrimination lawsuit filed in federal district court. The Louisiana Acadian is alive and well and he is up front and mainstream. He is not asking for any special treatment, by affording coverage under the national origin clause of Title VII he is afforded no special privilege. He is given only the protection as those with English, Spanish, French, Iranian, Portuguese, Mexican, Italian, Irish. The British Conquest of French Acadia happened in 1710, over the next 45 years, the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this period, Acadians participated in militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French fortress of Louisbourg. During the French and Indian War, the British sought to neutralize the Acadian military threat, during 1755-1763 Acadia consisted of parts of present-day Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and the Gaspe Peninsula in the province of Quebec. The deportation of the Acadians from these areas has become known as the Great Upheaval or Le Grand Dérangement, the Acadians migration from Canada was spurred by the Treaty of Paris which ended the war. The treaty terms provided 18 months for unrestrained emigration, many Acadians moved to the region of the Atakapa in present-day Louisiana, often travelling via the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Joseph Broussard led the first group of 200 Acadians to arrive in Louisiana on February 27,1765, on April 8,1765, he was appointed militia captain and commander of the Acadians of the Atakapas region in St. Martinville. Some of the settlers wrote to their family scattered around the Atlantic to encourage them to them at New Orleans. For example, Jean-Baptiste Semer, wrote to his father in France, My dear father you can come here boldly with my dear mother and they will always be better off than in France
Cajun
–
Lee Benoit
Cajun
–
This article is about an ethnic culture. For other uses, see
Cajun (disambiguation).
Cajun
–
Cajun
boudin rolled into a ball and deep fried
Cajun
–
Musicians playing at a traditional Courir de Mardi Gras
43.
Germany
–
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
Germany
–
The
Nebra sky disk is dated to c. 1600 BC.
Germany
–
Flag
Germany
–
Martin Luther (1483–1546) initiated the
Protestant Reformation.
Germany
–
Foundation of the
German Empire in
Versailles, 1871.
Bismarck is at the center in a white uniform.
44.
Texas
–
Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
Texas
–
Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
–
Flag
Texas
–
Texas Hill Country
Texas
–
Big Bend National Park.
45.
Accordion
–
Accordions are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox. A person who plays the accordion is called an accordionist, the concertina and bandoneón are related, the harmonium and American reed organ are in the same family. The instrument is played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing buttons or keys, causing pallets to open and these vibrate to produce sound inside the body. Valves on opposing reeds of each note are used to make the instruments reeds sound louder without air leaking from each reed block. The performer normally plays the melody on buttons or keys on the manual. The accordion is widely spread across the world, nevertheless, in Europe and North America, some popular music acts also make use of the instrument. Additionally, the accordion is used in cajun, zydeco, jazz music. The piano accordion is the official city instrument of San Francisco, the oldest name for this group of instruments is harmonika, from the Greek harmonikos, meaning harmonic, musical. Today, native versions of the accordion are more common. These names refer to the type of accordion patented by Cyrill Demian, accordions have many configurations and types. Similar to a bow, the production of sound in an accordion is in direct proportion to the motion of the player. The bellows is located between the right- and left-hand manuals, and is made from pleated layers of cloth and cardboard, with added leather and metal. It is used to pressure and vacuum, driving air across the internal reeds and producing sound by their vibration. These boxes house reed chambers for the right- and left-hand manuals, each side has grilles in order to facilitate the transmission of air in and out of the instrument, and to allow the sound to better project. The grille for the manual is usually larger and is often shaped for decorative purposes. The right-hand manual is used for playing the melody and the left-hand manual for playing the accompaniment. The manual mechanism of the instrument either enables the air flow, or disables it, the different types have varying components. All instruments have reed ranks of some format, the most typical accordion is the piano accordion, which is used for many musical genres
Accordion
–
A
piano accordion (top) and a
Russian bayan (bottom)
Accordion
–
The Brazilian
Forró Accordionist
Dominguinhos
Accordion
–
A
Weltmeister piano accordion
Accordion
–
Accordion
reed ranks with closeup of reeds
46.
La la (music)
–
The music of Louisiana can be divided into three general regions, rural south Louisiana, home to Creole Zydeco and Old French, New Orleans, and north Louisiana. The region in and around Greater New Orleans has a musical heritage tied to Dixieland jazz, blues. The music of the portion of the state starting at Baton Rouge. Rural south Louisianas music also very significant input from non-Creoles. Four main musical genres are indigenous to this area — Creole music, swamp pop and these historically-rooted genres, with unique rhythms and personalities, have been transformed with modern sounds and instruments. The southwestern and south central Louisiana areas herald many artists and songs that have international hits, won Grammy awards. In the late 19th century German immigrants spreading outward from central and eastern Texas, Creoles at the time sang a rhythmic type of song called juré. When accordion, fiddle and the iron were added later, the music evolved into French music or form la la. La la was primarily rural, played at house dances also known as la las, in 1901, oil was discovered at Jennings and immigration boomed. Despite the law, many Creoles and Cajuns still spoke French at home, the term Creole music is used to describe both the early folk or roots music traditions of French and Metis rural Creoles of South Louisiana and the later more contemporary genre called Zydeco. It was often simply called French music or La La and it was sung in French patois by Creoles. This early American roots music evolved in the 1930s into a richer sound accompanied by more instruments, Creole pioneer Amede Ardoin is said to be the first Creole to record this indigenous music. He has also credited for greatly influencing the foundation of Cajun music. Melodies from pioneers like Ardoin provided a basis for works by composers Louis Moreau Gottschalk and Moses Hogan, Zydeco comes from French les haricots, meaning snap or green beans as in les haricots sont pas salés. This fusion was birthed in the Creole lala, jazz and blues halls of Frenchtown, Houston, Texas which were frequented by Creole immigrants from West Louisiana and East Texas. Cajun music is rooted in the music of the preexisting Creoles, in earlier years of the late 18th century the fiddle was the predominant instrument and the music tended to sound more like early country music. Cajun music is typically a waltz or two step, unlike the folk music of Quebec, it is not associated with the Celtic tradition. In the early 1950s, zydeco evolved from the music of the Creoles in southwest, along with the accordion, the second main instrument in a zydeco group is a corrugated metal washboard, called a Zydeco Rubboard or frottoir
La la (music)
–
Mahalia Jackson
47.
Mamou, Louisiana
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Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,242 at the 2010 census, down from 3,566 at the 2000 census, Mamou is located in south-central Evangeline Parish at 30°38′3″N 92°25′8″W. Louisiana Highway 13 follows the border of the town, leading north 3 miles to Reddell. Ville Platte, the seat, is 12 miles to the northeast. According to the United States Census Bureau, Mamou has an area of 1.4 square miles. There are many stories regarding the origin of the name Mamou, one may have been the legendary Indian, Chief Mamou. It is certain that this vast prairie was known as Mamou Prairie as far back as the 18th century, when the French came, they called it Mamou for mammoth. Mamou is also a name found in France. Within this vast stretch of prairie, the site of Mamou was platted in 1907 by Curley C. He was president of the Mamou Town Site Company which opened an office on the corner of Seventh, lot auctions were held weekly and lots were sold for $50. The original village covered one square mile, on January 11,1911, Mamou was incorporated. Cotton was the crop for many years on the prairie. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,566 people,1,426 households, the population density was 2,525.0 people per square mile. There were 1,580 housing units at a density of 1,118.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 60. 96% White,37. 75% African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 06% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 06% from other races, and 0. 93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 73% of the population,33. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 3.05. In the town, the population was out with 28. 3% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,23. 6% from 25 to 44,20. 8% from 45 to 64
Mamou, Louisiana
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Courir de Mardi Gras in Mamou, 2006
Mamou, Louisiana
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Location of Mamou in Louisiana
48.
Eunice, Louisiana
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Eunice is a city in Acadia and St. Landry parishes in the U. S. state of Louisiana. The 2010 census placed the population at 10,398, a decrease of 1,101, or 9.5 percent, from the 2000 tabulation of 11,499. The St. Landry Parish portion of Eunice is part of the Opelousas–Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area, one-time lawman and pioneer land developer C. C. Duson is credited with founding Eunice, which was named for his second wife, Duson, had already founded Crowley, Louisiana in 1887, and now he looked to the north of the parish for future development. Duson bought 160 acres of land from Willie Humble of Prairie Faquetaïque and mapped out a town site, next, he persuaded the Southern Pacific Railroad to extend a branch line from Crowley to his new town. Then he began what he and his brother had learned how to do as well as anyone and it was chartered as a village on September 12,1894, and incorporated as a town on June 4,1895. Evangeline Parish was created with the passage of a bill in June 1908, Eunice and Ville Platte were in competition for the parish seat, and Ville Platte was selected by voters on April 12,1909. After the election, Eunice declared it would remain in St. Landry Parish, over 10,000 residents settled in May 2004 for $65 million with the Union Pacific Corporation in a class action suit, claiming that the corporation had failed to repair a defective section of track. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.7 square miles. None of the area is covered with water, the climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Eunice has a subtropical climate. Eunice is in parts of three parishes, St. Landry, Acadia and Evangeline, thus the names of certain businesses in Eunice, such as Tri-Parish Bank. Most of the Evangeline Parish portion of Eunice is unincorporated, most of the city limits are located in St. Landry parish. This was one of the parishes in Louisiana. On the west side the city limits drops south following highway 755 south and includes the airport, as of the 2010 United States Census, there were 10,398 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 63. 0% White,32. 5% Black,0. 3% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 2% from some other race and 1. 2% from two or more races. 2. 3% were Hispanic or Latino of any race, as of the census of 2000, there were 11,499 people,4,316 households, and 2,986 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,459.6 people per square mile, there were 4,675 housing units at an average density of 1,000.0 per square mile
Eunice, Louisiana
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Statue of Eunice Pharr Duson
Eunice, Louisiana
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Location of Eunice in Louisiana
49.
Opelousas, Louisiana
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Opelousas is also a common name of the flathead catfish. Opelousas is a city in and the parish seat of St. Landry Parish, Louisiana. It lies at the junction of Interstate 49 and U. S. Route 190, the population was 22,860 at the 2000 census. Although the 2006 population estimate was 23,222, a 2004 annexation should have put the population above 25,000. In the 2010 census, however, the population shrunk to 16,634, Opelousas is the principal city for the Opelousas-Eunice Micropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 92,178 in 2008. Opelousas is also the 3rd largest city in the Lafayette-Acadiana Combined Statistical Area, at only 7.5 square miles, Opelousas is the most densely populated incorporated city in Louisiana. Founded in 1720, Opelousas is Louisianas 3rd oldest city, the city served as a major trading post between New Orleans and Natchitoches in the 18th and 19th centuries. Traditionally an area of settlement by French Creoles and Acadians, Opelousas is the center of zydeco music and it celebrates its heritage at the Creole Heritage Folklife Center, one of the destinations on the new Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. It is also the location of the Evangeline Downs Racetrack and Casino, Opelousas was also home to one of the nations two Yoohoo Factories until their closing. During the tenure of Sheriff Cat Doucet from 1936 to 1940 and 1952 to 1968 that part of Opelousas along Highway 190 was a haven of gambling, as of the 2010 United States Census, there were 16,634 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 74. 8% Black,21. 9% White,0. 3% Native American,0. 5% Asian,0. 0% Pacific Islander,0. 2% from some other race and 1. 0% from two or more races. 1. 2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race, as of the census of 2000, there were 22,860 people,8,699 households, and 5,663 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,240.0 people per square mile, there were 9,783 housing units at an average density of 1,386.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 69. 12% African American,29. 30% White,0. 10% Native American,0. 32% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 30% from other races, and 0. 84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 88% of the population. In 2000,89. 1% of the population over the age of five spoke English at home,9. 7% of the population spoke French or Cajun, and 0. 7% spoke Louisiana Creole French. 32. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.24. In the city, the population was out with 30. 3% under the age of 18,9. 4% from 18 to 24,24. 9% from 25 to 44,19. 6% from 45 to 64
Opelousas, Louisiana
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Old Federal Courthouse in Opelousas, listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
Opelousas, Louisiana
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Saint Landry Catholic Church
Opelousas, Louisiana
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View of St Landry Parish Courthouse at Opelousas during the Civil War
Opelousas, Louisiana
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Main Street, Opelousas, 24 December 1900
50.
1901 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1901. April 18 - Contralto Mariska Horvath marries politician J. Frank Aldrich, enrique Granados founds the Academia Granados in Spain. Geraldine Farrar makes her operatic debut, percy Grainger makes his recital debut. Thirteen-year-old Agustín Barrios begins attending university in Asunción on a music scholarship, aint That A Shame w. John Queen m. Walter Wilson All That Glitters Is Not Gold w. George A. Norton m. James W. Casey Any Old Place I Can Hang My Hat Is Home Sweet Home To Me w. William Jerome m, jean Schwartz At The Pan-I-Marry-Can w. Harry Dillon m. John Dillon Baby Mine w. Raymond A. Browne m, John N. Klohr Blaze Away m. Coon. by Leo Friedman & Gene Jefferson The Country Girl w. Stanislaus Stange m. Julian Edwards Davy Jones Locker w. m. H. W. Petrie Dont Put Me Off At Buffalo Any More w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz Down Where The Cotton Blossoms Grow w. Andrew B, sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer Eyes Of Blue, Eyes Of Brown w. m. Sterling Flora, I Am Your Adorer w. Vincent P. Bryan m. Charles Robinson The Fortune Telling Man w. m, Bert Williams & George Walker Go Way Back And Sit Down w. Elmer Bowman m. Ben Jansen He Ought To Have A Tablet In The Hall of Fame w. Arthur L. Robb m, John Walter Bratton Hello Central, Give Me Heaven w. m. Charles K. Harris Hiawatha w. James ODea m, high Society Porter Steele Hoity-Toity w. Edgar Smith m. Hughie Cannon I Love You Truly w. m. Carrie Jacobs-Bond I Want To Be A Lidy w. George Dance m. George Dee If You Love Your Baby, gus Edwards Im Tired w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz In The Shade Of The Palm w. m, leslie Stuart The Invincible Eagle March w. m. John Philip Sousa It Seems Like Yesterday w. Frederic Ranken m, isidore Witmark Ive Grown So Used To You w. m. Thurland Chattaway Josephine, My Jo w. Cecil Mack m. J. Tim Brymn Just A-Wearyin For You w. Frank Lebby Stanton m. Carrie Jacobs-Bond The Maiden With The Dreamy Eyes w. James Weldon Johnson & Bob Cole m. J. Rosamond Johnson Mamie, gus Edwards Mighty Lak A Rose w. Frank Lebby Stanton m. Ethelbert Nevin My Castle On The Nile w. Bob Cole & James Weldon Johnson m. J. Rosamond Johnson My Japanese Cherry Blossom w. Edgar Smith m, John Stromberg My Lady Hottentot w. William Jerome m. Harry von Tilzer My Lonesome Little Louisiana Lady w
1901 in music
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List of years in music
1901 in music
