Musth
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Musth or must is a periodic condition in bull elephants characterized by aggressive behavior and accompanied by a large rise in reproductive hormones. It has been known in Asian elephants for 3,000 ye
Temporin secretion during musth
A wild Indian elephant in musth
An elephant in musth digging his tusks into the ground
An Asian elephant bull chained during musth, with discharge from the temporal glands.
Gomphothere
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Gomphotheres are an extinct group of proboscideans related to modern elephants. First appearing in Africa during the Oligocene, they dispersed into Eurasia and North America during the Miocene and arr
Musth
…for 3,000 years, but was only described in African elephants in 1981. Evidence indicates that similar behaviour occurred in extinct proboscideans like gomphotheres and mastodons. Elephants often discharge a thick, tar-like secretion called temporin from the temporal gland during musth. Behavioral management for…
Gophotherium at AMNH
Stegomastodon CCB
Largely unworn molar of Gomphotherium angustidens, a "trilophodont gomphothere"
Worn molar of Gomphotherium angustidens