XHAS-TDT
XHAS-TDT, virtual channel 33, is an Azteca América-affiliated television station located in Tijuana, Baja California and serving the Tijuana–San Diego international metropolitan area. The station is 99.9%-owned by Mexican-based Televisora Alco, a 40%-owned subsidiary of station operator Entravision Communications. All four stations share studios on Ruffin Road in the Kearny Mesa section of San Diego, United States; until 30 June 2017, it was an affiliate of Telemundo. While XHAS received its concession and began operations in the fall of 1981, its history stretched back to the late 1960s. In March 1968, Mario Rincón Espinosa, the head of Tele Nacional, S. A. received a concession to build a UHF station in Tijuana. At this time, the callsign XHAS-TV and channel number 33 were assigned, with a visual effective radiated power of 105 kW. With the technical parameters set, Tele Nacional set out to build the station, after some delays, it submitted the technical details in 1970; the next year, Rincón Espinosa was granted authorization to cut power in half.
In July 1978, the Diario Oficial ran a notification warning that the SCT would begin an administrative proceeding to revoke the concession. The station first signed on the air in the fall of 1981 after receiving a new concession that September, it operated as an affiliate of Televisa's Canal de las Estrellas for all but two hours a day, when it aired a limited slate of Mexican movies and independent programs. In 1985, XHAS began to air a local newscast titled Síntesis, it subcontracted a company, Logovisión, to produce the program, which got viewers' attention for its independence — and Televisa's attention for disrespecting Mexican institutions. Síntesis was regarded as more unbiased in its coverage than Televisa's newscasts. Televisa retaliated by pulling programs from the XHAS local block, the only time when it could sell its own advertising; the station began taking programs from Imevisión to fill the local window instead. In September 1990, given the uneasy state of relations between station and network, XHAS switched its affiliation to the U.
S.-based Spanish language network Telemundo. In December 1994, new management at XHAS fired the Síntesis team and built their own news department. A weekday 6pm newscast launched in 2002. XHAS carried 109 Spanish-language telecasts of the San Diego Padres in the 2005 season. In January 2017, NBC announced that it was hiring people for KNSD with the intention of launching a new Telemundo O&O station in San Diego, replacing XHAS-TDT. Following the loss of Telemundo programming, XHAS became an affiliate of Azteca América on 1 July 2017; the station's digital signal is multiplexed: While the United States completed its transition to full-power digital television on 12 June 2009, Mexico made the transition over a period of several years 4 years XHAS-TV discontinued its analog signal on 28 May 2013, as all television stations in the Tijuana metropolitan area were required to convert to digital-exclusive broadcasts on that date as part of a pilot program. XHAS-TV presently broadcasts 7½ hours of local newscasts each week.
The station broadcasts an hour-long local newscast each weeknight at 5:00 p.m. and a half-hour newscast at 11:00 p.m. Previously, when the station was affiliated with Telemundo prior to joining NBC's KNSD, the station aired newscasts at 5:30, 6:00 and 11:00 p.m. While it competes with the local newscasts on Univision-affiliated sister station KBNT-CD seen in the same timeslots, as the two stations share studio facilities in Entravision's building, XHAS focuses its newscasts more on issues affecting Tijuana, while KBNT-CD focuses more on San Diego; when Telemundo and XHAS parted ways, the newscasts on XHAS were renamed Noticias Ya Frontera, after the Noticias Ya series of news portals run by Entravision. Noticiasya.com/san-diego - XHAS-TV official website Query the FCC's TV station database for XHAS-TDT
Tijuana
Tijuana is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis; as the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico, Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics – across Mexico, in transportation and art – across both Californias, in manufacturing and as a migration hub – across the North American continent. One of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico, Tijuana maintains global city status; as of 2015, the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570. Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California, is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality. Tijuana covers 70 % of 80 % of its population. A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent, the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America.
Tijuana is a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca. The city is the most visited border city in the globe. More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year; this metropolitan crossing makes the San Ysidro Port of Entry the busiest land-border crossing in the world. It is estimated that the two border crossing stations between the cities proper of San Diego and Tijuana account for 300,000 daily border crossings alone. Tijuana is the westernmost city in Mexico. According to the 2015 census, the Tijuana metropolitan area was the fifth-largest in Mexico, with a population of 1,840,710, but rankings vary, the city itself was 6th largest and the municipality 3rd largest nationally; the international metropolitan region was estimated at about 5,158,459 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the former Californias region, 19th largest metropolitan area in the Americas, the largest bi-national conurbation, shared between US and Mexico.
Tijuana is becoming more suburbanized like San Diego. Tijuana traces its modern history to the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias; as the American conquest of northern Mexico ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Tijuana's new international position on the border gave rise to a new economic and political structure. The city was founded on July 1889 as urban development began. Known by its supposed initials, T. J. and nicknamed Gateway to Mexico, the city has served as a tourist center dating back to the 1880s. The city’s name comes from the rancho that Santiago Argüello Moraga established in 1829 on his Mexican land grant, naming it Rancho Tía Juana; the first Spanish mission call the settlement variously as'La Tía Juana','Tiguana','Tiuana','Tiwana','Tijuan','Ticuan', as well as'Tijuana'. While the Mexican city standardized to "Tijuana", the American term for both the river and a U. S. settlement, now part of San Ysidro remained "Tia Juana" until the mid-20th century.
The accepted theory among historians is that Tía Juana, as Argüello named his rancho, is derived from the word "Tiwan" in the language of the Kumeyaay – the original aboriginal inhabitants of the San Diego-Tijuana region. Urban legend, states that Tía Juana, which means Aunt Jane in Spanish, was a real person whose inn provided food and lodging to travelers. There is however no record of such an inn. In Spanish, the name is pronounced "Tee-HWAH-nah" /tiˈxwana/ – with three syllables, the "j" in Mexican Spanish pronounced as a guttural "h" sound. In English, the name is pronounced "Tee-HWAH-nuh" /tiːˈhwɑːnə/ but the incorrect pronunciation "Tee-uh-WAH-nuh" /tiːəˈwɑːnə/, based on the obsolete "Tía Juana", persists outside the San Diego area. In Southern California, Tijuana is referred to as "TJ" or T. J. Baja Californians have adopted this pronunciation as Tiyei. In Spanish the demonym for someone from Tijuana is Tijuanense, while in English the demonym is Tijuanan. A common slang term used for a person from Tijuana is Tijuanero.
The nickname Tijuas is popular among residents and visitors alike. Due to a recent increase in violence in the city, a new term is developing; the phrase Yo Tijuaneo, ¿y tú? translates to I Tijuanate, you?. This term comes from a new popular local verb Tijuanear meaning to Tijuana, describing the cosmopolitan aspects of living in the city and crossing the border; the land was inhabited by the Kumeyaay, a tribe of Yuman-speaking hunter-gatherers. Europeans arrived in 1542, when the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo toured the coastline of the area, which Sebastián Vizcaíno mapped in 1602. In 1769, Juan Crespí documented more details about the area, called the Valley of Tijuana. Junípero Serra founded the first mission of Alta California in nearby San Diego. Further settlement took place near the end of the mission era when José María de Echeandía, governor of the Baja California and Alta California, awarded a large land grant to Santiago Argüello in 1829; this large cattle ranch, Rancho Tía Juana, covered 100 km2.
Although "Tia Juana" means "Aunt Jane" in Spanish, the name was an adaptation of
KNBC
KNBC, channel 4, is an NBC owned-and-operated television station in Los Angeles, United States. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of the NBCUniversal division of Comcast, as part of a duopoly with Corona-licensed Telemundo owned-and-operated station KVEA; the two stations share offices on Lankershim Boulevard in northern Universal City. In the few areas of the western United States where an NBC station is not receivable over-the-air, KNBC is available on satellite television through DirecTV. Channel 4 first went on the air as KNBH on January 16, 1949, it was the penultimate VHF station in Los Angeles to debut, the last of NBC's five original owned-and-operated stations to sign on. Unlike the other four, KNBH was the only NBC-owned television station that did not benefit from having a sister radio station. Though the NBC Radio Network had long been affiliated with KFI in Los Angeles, that relationship did not extend into television when KFI-TV signed on in August 1948.
When KNBH signed on, it marked the debut of NBC programs on the West Coast. Channel 4 broadcast from the NBC Radio City Studios on Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood; the station changed its callsign to KRCA on October 18, 1954. The call letters were changed again on November 11, 1962, when NBC moved the KNBC identity from its San Francisco radio station and applied it to channel 4 in Los Angeles; that call letter change coincided with the station's physical relocation from NBC Radio City to the network's color broadcast studio facility in suburban Burbank. NBC Color City, as it was known, had been in operation since March 1955, was at least four to five times larger than Radio City, could accommodate KNBC's locally produced studio programming. NBC Radio's West Coast operations followed channel 4 to Burbank not too long after; the station modified its callsign to KNBC-TV in August 1986, shortly after NBC and RCA were purchased by General Electric. On October 11, 2007, NBCUniversal announced that it would put its Burbank studios up for sale and construct a new, all-digital facility near the Universal Studios Hollywood backlot in Universal City, in an effort to merge all of NBCUniversal's West Coast operations into one area.
As a result, KNBC, KVEA and NBC News' Los Angeles bureau moved to a new digital facility on the Universal lot occupied by Technicolor SA. The studio opened on February 1, 2014. Shortly thereafter, NBCUniversal named the new broadcast center in honor of former KNBC and NBC News anchor/reporter Tom Brokaw, christened the Brokaw News Center. In fall 2007 with digital broadcast roll out, the station began broadcasting a 24/7 newschannel News Raw on a subchannel. On January 16, 2009, KNBC celebrated its 60th anniversary with an hour-long tribute to the station, featuring past and present anchors, other popular on-air staff, major news stories. KNBC and its other NBC owned-and-operated stations introduced a new layout for their websites in July 2009; the station's digital channel is multiplexed: KNBC maintains a Mobile DTV feed of subchannel 4.1, labelled "KNBC-4.1", broadcasting at 1.83 Mbit/s. On January 1, 2014, Universal Sports transitioned into a cable- and satellite-exclusive service, causing its affiliates to replace the network and remove the channel from their digital signals with KNBC deleting digital subchannel 4.4 as result of the loss of Universal Sports.
KNBC operated NBC California Nonstop, a collaboration between KNBC and two other NBC-owned stations in California which launched on May 3, 2011 and replaced programming from NBC Plus on the second digital subchannels of all three stations. In the case of KNBC, it was the second news-oriented digital channel operated by the station, as digital channel 4.2 featured a rolling news format under the name NewsRaw, prior to the launch of California Nonstop. Each station produced a local newscast at 7 p.m., tailored to their respective market. For the Los Angeles feed of the channel, Colleen Williams anchored the hour-long Nonstop News LA. NBC California Nonstop ended on December 2012 when Cozi TV was launched. KNBC shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 4, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 36, using PSIP to display KNBC's virtual channel as 4 on digital television receivers.
Since the station qualified for the nightlight clause in the DTV Delay Act, it was required to keep its analog signal on for two weeks from June 12 to 26, 2009 to inform viewers of the digital television transition, consisting of a loop of digital transition public service announcements, while the digital channel was used for normal programming. KNBC has a legacy of participating in the community; the station supports many social causes including health and wellness, the environment and supports under-served populations like the homeless, veterans, at-risk youth and women's issues. KNBC has been recognized by many nonprofit organizations for its community work, has partnerships with several prominent organizations including the L. A. Alliance of Boys & Girls Clubs, Court Appointed Special Advocates Los Angeles, California Community Foundation, American Red Cross Los Angeles, Mar
KXAS-TV
KXAS-TV, virtual channel 5, is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Fort Worth, United States and serving the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, as part of a duopoly with Dallas-licensed Telemundo owned-and-operated station KXTX-TV; the two stations share studios at the CentrePort Business Park on Amon Carter Boulevard in eastern Fort Worth. Amon G. Carter, Sr.—the founding publisher of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram—first submitted an application to the Federal Communications Commission for a license to build and operate a television station on VHF channel 5 in late October 1944, mere days after Karl Hoblitzelle, owner of Interstate Circuit Theatres, filed an application to operate a station on channel 8 on October 23, the first such license application for a television station in the Southern United States. When the FCC awarded the construction permit for Channel 5 to Carter on June 21, 1946, he requested to assign KCPN as the station's call letters.
The station began test broadcasts on June 20, 1948 transmitting over a closed-circuit television system. Channel 5 informally signed on the air as WBAP-TV on September 27, to broadcast coverage of President Harry S. Truman's re-election campaign speech at the Texas & Pacific terminal building in downtown Fort Worth. WBAP-TV commenced regular programming two days on September 29, 1948, with two 10-minute specials at 7:00 p.m. that evening featuring speeches from Carter and general manager Harold Hough and a film from NBC dedicating the station's launch. Carter owned the television and radio properties through the Star-Telegram's corporate parent, Carter Publications, it was the first television station to sign on in the state of Texas. When the station made its formal debut, its first night of regular broadcasts did not go smoothly. On the date of its sign-on, the station's studio facilities were in the latter stages of construction. A power outage near the transmitter facility knocked WBAP-TV off the air for 17 minutes around 8:00 p.m.
Angry viewers subsequently called into the station, blaming engineers for an outage, beyond their control. Still, Fort Worth Press reporter Jack Gordon wrote regarding the station's first night of programming that "part of Fort Worth's inaugural television show looked like our first roll of home movie film, but a good deal more of it was excellent – enough so to convince the stubbornest critic that television is here to stay." Channel 5 operated from studio facilities located at 3900 Barnett Street in eastern Fort Worth. The building—located in an area known as Broadcast Hill—was the first studio facility in the United States, designed for television broadcasting; the station broadcast for four hours each evening on Wednesday through Saturdays, with test patterns airing during the late morning and late afternoon Monday through Saturdays. Serving as an affiliate, Channel 5 has carried programming from NBC since its sign-on—having inherited the affiliation through WBAP radio's longtime relationship with the television network's radio predecessor, the NBC Blue Network, with which it had been affiliated since 1927.
The following year in 1949, WBAP-TV and WBAP, were joined by a sister station on radio, WBAP-FM. The WBAP calls stood for "We Bring A Program". Among the local programs that aired on Channel 5 in its early years included the Saturday night country music/dance program Barn Dance, music series Bobby Peters Jamboree and the children's programs See-Saw Zoo and Kitty's Playhouse; when Channel 5 signed on, it was apparent that Dallas and Fort Worth were going to be collapsed into a single television market due to the close proximity of the two cities.
LIN Media
LIN Media was an American holding company founded in 1994 that operated 43 television stations. All except six were affiliates of the five major U. S. television networks. Five of the six remaining stations were affiliated with the syndication service MyNetworkTV and one was a low powered weather station in Indiana. LIN Media's chief executive officer was Vincent L. Sadusky. Sadusky had been LIN's chief financial officer, Vice President and treasurer since 2004, had been CFO for Telemundo, working on its sale to GE/NBC. Sadusky had been interim CEO since former chairman Gary R. Chapman announced his impending retirement in June 2006, through the company's search for a permanent replacement, he was installed as CEO upon Chapman's retirement on July 10, 2006. LIN TV's roots trace back to the founding of its former parent, LIN Broadcasting Corporation, in 1961. LIN Broadcasting was engaged in radio, direct marketing and learning, music publishing, record labels. LIN takes its initials from three major cities where it owned radio stations: Louisville and Nashville.
The company purchased its first television station, WTVP in Decatur, Illinois, at the end of 1965. It briefly owned the catalogues of King Records and Starday Records in the early 1970s. LIN Broadcasting made acquisitions in broadcasting, expanded into paging, in the early 1980s the company entered the fledgling cellular telephone business. By 1983 the company owned seven television stations and by 1985 it owned and managed cellular telephone licenses serving Dallas, Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia. LIN Broadcasting sold its paging operations and six of its radio stations in 1986 to help finance the development of its cellular business. In March 1990, McCaw Cellular Communications purchased a 52% interest in LIN Broadcasting. McCaw was acquired by AT&T in 1994, after which LIN Broadcasting's television operations were spun off as a public company traded on the NASDAQ stock market and 45%-owned by AT&T; the new company, LIN Television Corporation, owned and/or operated 12 stations and its stock price increased at a compounded annual growth rate of 31% between 1994 and 1998.
During this period LIN acquired WIVB-TV in New York and WTNH in New Haven, Connecticut. In March 1998, LIN TV was acquired by Hicks, Tate & Furst, a leading private investment firm based in Dallas, Texas. At the time of the HMTF acquisition, LIN contributed its Dallas NBC affiliate, KXAS-TV, to a joint venture with the network that held the San Diego affiliate. Under HMTFs ownership, LIN Television has grown through a wide range of transactions: In June 1999, LIN TV acquired WOOD-TV in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Former parent LIN Broadcasting had owned the station from 1983 to 1994, when it merged with AT&T. However, LIN TV had continued to operate it. In August, LIN TV helped finance the establishment of the now-defunct Banks Broadcasting, a minority-owned television broadcast company in which it held a 50% interest. Banks owned two stations – both of which became CW network affiliates under Banks: KWCV in Wichita, Kansas and KNIN-TV in Boise, Idaho. LIN TV purchased WAPA-TV in Puerto Rico in October.
In April 2000, LIN TV acquired WLFI-TV, serving West Lafayette, Indiana as well as Lafayette, Indiana in exchange for 66% of WAND. LIN continued to provide management oversight for WAND for several years after the swap was completed. LIN TV purchased WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts in 2000. In 2001, LIN TV acquired WJPX and two satellite facilities in Puerto Rico, the secondary commercial license of PBS member station WNEQ in Buffalo from the Western New York Public Broadcasting Association, re-launching it as commercial station WNLO; the company exercised and closed on options to purchase WOTV in Battle Creek, Michigan and WVBT in Norfolk, both stations that it had managed, in January 2002. In February, LIN TV agreed to acquire seven stations in six markets from Sunrise Television; the transaction of the stations was completed in May. In May, LIN TV completed the issuance of 19.55 million shares of Class A Common Stock through its Initial Public Offering on the New York Stock Exchange. In December 2002, LIN TV announced the sale of two television stations in Abilene and San Angelo, Texas.
This was followed in January 2004 by the sale of a station in Michigan. In late August 2005, LIN TV purchased several stations from Emmis Communications: the stations purchased were WALA-TV and WBPG in Mobile, Alabama, WTHI-TV in Terre Haute, Indiana, KRQE in Albuquerque, New Mexico, WLUK-TV in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In July 2006, LIN announced the planned purchase a second station in New Mexico, KASA-TV, from Raycom Media. In May 2006, LIN TV announced the sale of Puerto Rico stations WAPA-TV and WJPX to InterMedia Partners for $130 million. In November 2007, LIN TV completed the sale of its share of WAND to Block Communications. With this sale, LIN TV no longer manages the station. On October 3, 2008, LIN TV's stations were dropped from Time Warner Cable, due to a dispute over "retransmission fees." LIN's stations returned to Time Warner on October 29, 2008. During Fall 2008, LIN TV and Fox Interactive Media developed a new Web CMS platform which would host the Web sites of all of the stations owned by LIN TV and those owned by Fox Television Stations.
This division would be spun off in 2009 as the independent company Canvas Technology, which would change its name to EndPlay in 2010. With Fox Television Stations abandoning the EndPlay platform in favor of WorldNow during 2012, LIN TV will become EndPlay's largest client, followed by the E. W. Scripps C
NBC Sports Washington
NBC Sports Washington is an American regional sports network, owned by NBCUniversal and Monumental Sports & Entertainment, operates as an affiliate of NBC Sports Regional Networks. Headquartered in Bethesda, the channel broadcasts regional coverage of sports events throughout the Mid-Atlantic United States, with a focus on professional sports teams based in Baltimore and Washington, D. C. as well as sports news and entertainment programming. NBC Sports Washington is available on 25 cable providers throughout Maryland and the District of Columbia, as well as parts of Delaware, North Carolina and West Virginia; the channel reaches more than 4.7 million households in the Mid-Atlantic region. The network was launched as Home Team Sports on April 4, 1984. Owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting, it was one of the first regional sports networks in the United States. In 1990, HTS became an affiliate of the Prime Network. In 1996, the network was folded into CBS Cable, a cable television division formed through Westinghouse's merger with CBS.
Along with most of its sister networks, in 1997, the channel became an affiliate of Fox Sports Net, a group of regional sports networks formed the previous year through News Corporation's partial acquisition of Prime through a joint venture with that network's parent Liberty Media. News Corporation subsequently purchased a 34% ownership interest in HTS. CBS Corporation, which remained majority owner merged into Viacom in 1999, in a deal worth $91 billion. Shortly after Viacom completed its merger with CBS, on June 10, 2000, Viacom announced that it would sell Home Team Sports and Minneapolis-based regional sports network Midwest Sports Channel. One month on July 11, Comcast agreed to acquire a 75% ownership stake in HTS and the Midwest Sports Channel from CBS, in a deal worth $150 million. News Corporation, which wanted to acquire full ownership of both networks, filed a lawsuit ten days on July 21 in an attempt to block the sale of MSC and Home Team Sports. On September 7, 2000, as part of a settlement between the two companies, Comcast traded its equity interest in Midwest Sports Channel to News Corporation in exchange for sole ownership of Home Team Sports.
The transaction was completed seven months in mid-February 2001. The channel was relaunched as Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic on April 4, 2001 seventeen years after the network's original launch; the channel continued to carry national programming supplied by Fox Sports Net after the sale. In 2010, Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic split its website into two regional websites, rebranded them as "Comcast SportsNet Baltimore" and "Comcast SportsNet Washington". While the websites were rebranded, the network still maintains a singular feed, transmitted throughout its entire coverage area. 5 years CSN Mid-Atlantic consolidated the two regional websites back together again as CSNMidAtlantic.com. In September 2012, Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic and its sister Comcast SportsNet outlets ceased carrying Fox Sports Networks-supplied programming, after failing to reach an agreement to continue carrying FSN's nationally distributed programs. In October 2016, CSN Mid-Atlantic announced that it would extend its broadcast rights to the Washington Capitals and Washington Wizards through a long-term deal with the teams' owner, Monumental Sports & Entertainment.
As a result, Monumental Sports & Entertainment took an equity stake in the network, while NBCUniversal took an equity stake in the Monumental Sports Network—an over-the-top subscription service focusing on other teams owned by the company. Comcast rebranded the network as NBC Sports Washington on October 2, 2017, as part of a larger rebranding of the Comcast SportsNet networks under the NBC Sports brand. NBC Sports Washington televises more than 500 live professional and collegiate sporting events per year; the network holds the exclusive regional cable television rights to the NHL's Washington Capitals and the NBA's Washington Wizards – airing all games that are not nationally exclusive – as well as the Washington Mystics of the WNBA and the Chesapeake Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse. The network held the television rights to the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League, broadcasting the team's games from 2011 until the UFL folded in 2012. D. C. United of Major League Soccer had its games televised by CSN Mid-Atlantic from the team's first season in 1996 until 2015, after which the team signed a multi-year deal with Sinclair Broadcast Group-owned WJLA-TV and NewsChannel 8.
The network serves as the official cable partner of the NFL's Washington Redskins, holding the rights to televise the team's preseason games. After the merger, both WRC and CSN Mid-Atlantic carry Redskins games in HD. NBC Sports Washington maintains the regional television rights to the Atlantic Coast Conference and Colonial Athletic Association, broadcasts numerous men's and women's college sporting events sanctioned by those conferences featuring the Virginia Tech Hokies and Virginia Cavaliers; the network carries college sports events from Conference USA, the Pac-12 Conference and the Big 12 Conference distributed by Fox Sports Networks. NBC Sports Washington produces news, analysis and entertainment programs focusing the region's sports landscape; the network features special pre-game and post-game sh
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city proper covers 48 square miles with an estimated population of 685,094 in 2017, making it the most populous city in New England. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999; the city is the economic and cultural anchor of a larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth-largest in the United States. Boston is one of the oldest cities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England, it was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston.
Upon gaining U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation, its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park, first public or state school and first subway system; the Boston area's many colleges and universities make it an international center of higher education, including law, medicine and business, the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 2,000 startups. Boston's economic base includes finance and business services, information technology, government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.
Boston's early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but renamed it Boston after Boston, England, the origin of several prominent colonists. The renaming on September 7, 1630, was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest for fresh water, their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River and connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC. In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century.
Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, the city engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days. However, Boston stagnated in the decades prior to the Revolution. By the mid-18th century, New York City and Philadelphia surpassed Boston in wealth. Boston encountered financial difficulties as other cities in New England grew rapidly. Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution occurred near Boston. Boston's penchant for mob action along with the colonists' growing distrust in Britain fostered a revolutionary spirit in the city; when the British government passed the Stamp Act in 1765, a Boston mob ravaged the homes of Andrew Oliver, the official tasked with enforcing the Act, Thomas Hutchinson the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. The British sent two regiments to Boston in 1768 in an attempt to quell the angry colonists; this did not sit well with the colonists. In 1770, during the Boston Massacre, the army killed several people in response to a mob in Boston.
The colonists compelled the British to withdraw their troops. The event was publicized and fueled a revolutionary movement in America. In 1773, Britain passed the Tea Act. Many of the colonists saw the act as an attempt to force them to accept the taxes established by the Townshend Acts; the act prompted the Boston Tea Party, where a group of rebels threw an entire shipment of tea sent by the British East India Company into Boston Harbor. The Boston Tea Party was a key event leading up to the revolution, as the British government responded furiously with the Intolerable Acts, demanding compensation for the lost tea from the rebels; this led to the American Revolutionary War. The war began in the area surrounding Boston with the Battles of Concord. Boston itself was besieged for a year during the Siege of Boston, which began on April 19, 1775; the New England militia impeded the movement of the British Army. William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe the commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America, led the British army in the siege.
On June 17, the British captured the Charlestown peninsula in Boston, during the Battle of Bunker Hill. The British army outnumbered the militia stationed there, but it was a Py
