1.
Namsos (town)
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Namsos is a town and the administrative center of Namsos municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located where the river of Namsen flows into Namsenfjorden, in 1940, the town was bombed in the Namsos Campaign. The town was the terminus of the Namsos Line and is served by Namsos Airport, county Road 17 runs through the town, which is also the location of Namsos Hospital. The 4. 5-square-kilometre town has a population of 8,282, giving the town a population density of 1,840 inhabitants per square kilometre
2.
Namsos
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Namsos is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Namsos. Other villages in the municipality include Bangsund, Klinga, Ramsvika, Skomsvoll, the municipality has a population of 12,906 and covers an area of 777.89 square kilometers. The first part of the name comes from the local river Namsen, the last element is os, which means the mouth of a river. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 5 May 1961 and they were regranted on 21 October 1966 when a town was annexed by Namsos. The arms show a golden moose head on a red background, the moose was chosen as a symbol for the municipality, since Namsos is the capital of the forest-rich Namdalen region, and the moose is the king of the forest. See also, Coats-of-arms of Aremark, Namsskogan, Ringsaker and Tynset The Church of Norway has four parishes within the municipality of Namsos and it is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. In 1846, the town of Namsos was established at the mouth of the Namsen river in the Sævik area of Overhalden and it was established as its own municipality, with 591 inhabitants, as it was separated from Vemundvik. In 1865, Namsos also became a parish in the Church of Norway and it had been decided to build a church in the city in March 1859, the construction was finished in November. In May 1865, the parish was created, with the sub-parishes of Sævik and Vemundvik, areas of Vemundvik lying adjacent to the town of Namsos were later incorporated within the city limits on numerous occasions. On 1 January 1882, an area with 109 inhabitants was moved to the city, on 1 July 1921 an area with 927 inhabitants, on 1 January 1964, the size of Namsos was significantly increased as the municipalities Vemundvik and Klinga were incorporated into it. The same thing happened with the part of Otterøy. Namsos, which previously had a population of 5,224, had its size increased to 10,875 inhabitants, consisting mostly of wooden houses, it has been burned down to the ground on three occasions during its relatively short history. The first fire was in 1872, caused by two boys playing with matches, the second fire was in 1897, from an unknown cause. The third time was during World War II when the town was bombed by German airplanes on 20 April 1940, the location by the river and the large forests nearby made the town ideal for sawmills. There were eleven mills in their heyday, but only one remains, in addition, the Norwegian Sawmill Museum is located at Spillum just south of the town. The museum is located at the now closed and restored Spillum Dampsag & Hovleri sawmill from 1884, the town has a swimming pool, Oasen, built inside a mountain. The town is located on a bay, about 15 miles from the sea, near the head of Namsenfjorden and at the mouth of the river Namsen
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
5.
Counties of Norway
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Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties, until 1918, they were known as amter. The counties form the first-level subdivisions of Norway and are divided into 428 municipalities. Svalbard and Jan Mayen are outside the county division and ruled directly on national level, the capital Oslo is considered both a county and a municipality. In 2017 the government decided to abolish the current counties and to them with fewer, larger administrative regions. Below is a list of the Norwegian counties as they have been since 1919, note that the counties are administered both by appointees of the national government and to a lesser extent by their own elected bodies. The county numbers are from the numbering system ISO 3166-2, NO. The number 13 was dropped from the system when the city of Bergen was merged into Hordaland in 1972, from the consolidation to a single kingdom, Norway was divided into a number of geographic regions that had its own legislative assembly or Thing, such as Gulating and Frostating. The second-order subdivision of these regions was into fylker, such as Egdafylke and Hordafylke, in 1914, the historical term fylke was brought into use again to replace the term amt introduced during the union with Denmark. Current day counties often, but not necessarily, correspond to the historical areas. Finnmark, the Faroe Islands, the Orkney Islands, Shetland, the Hebrides, Isle of Man, Iceland and Greenland were Norwegian skattland, from the end of the 12th century, Norway was divided into several syssel. The head of the various syssel was the syslemann, who represented the king locally, the following shows a reconstruction of the different syssel in Norway c. 1300, including sub-syssel where these seem established, from 1308, the term len in Norway signified an administrative region roughly equivalent to todays counties. The historic len was an important administrative entity during the period of Dano-Norwegian unification after their amalgamation as one state, which lasted for the period 1536–1814. At the beginning of the 16th century the political divisions were variable, up to 1660 the four principal len were headquartered at the major fortresses Bohus Fortress, Akershus Fortress, Bergenhus Fortress and the fortified city of Trondheim. The sub-regions corresponded to the districts for the Lutheran church in Norway. Båhus len Akershus len Trondheim len Bergenhus len These four principal len were in the 1530s divided into approximately 30 smaller regions. From that point forward through the beginning of the 17th century the number of subsidiary len was reduced, from 1660 Norway had nine principal len comprising 17 subsidiary len, Len written as län continues to be used as the administrative equivalent of county in Sweden to this day. Each len was governed by a lenman, with the royal decree of February 19,1662, each len was designated an amt and the lenmann was titled amtmann, from German Amt, reflecting the bias of the Danish court of that period
6.
Districts of Norway
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The country Norway is historically divided into a number of districts. Many districts have deep roots, and only partially coincide with todays administrative units of counties and municipalities. The districts are defined by geographical features, often valleys, mountain ranges, fjords, plains, or coastlines, many such regions were petty kingdoms up to the early Viking age. A high percentage of Norwegians identify themselves more by the district live in or come from. Thus, dialects and regional commonality in folk culture tended to correspond to those same geographical units, the construction of railroads between distant parts of the country. The opening of dozens of new airports all over the country through the 1960s and 1970s, the release of private cars from government rationing and import restrictions from the 1950s onwards. A concrete display of the Norwegian habit of identifying themselves by district can be seen in the many regional costumes, called bunad, the following list is non-exhaustive and partially overlapping. The first name is the name in Bokmål, the second Nynorsk, helgeland Lofoten Ofoten Salten Vesterålen See also Finnmark, Hålogaland and Troms
7.
Namdalen
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The district has two towns, Kolvereid and Namsos. The whole district covers about 11,860 square kilometres and has about 35,000 residents, the district surrounds the Namdalen valley and the river Namsen, one of the best salmon rivers in Europe. Agriculture and forestry have always been important in Namdalen, Norway spruce is the most prevalent tree species. The grain fields in the part of the valley are among the most northern in Norway. Part of the forest in the coastal and lowland part of the valley belong to the Scandinavian coastal conifer forests type, while the part of the valley has long. In the early Viking Age, before Harald Fairhair, Namdalen was a petty kingdom, today, the Namdal District Court covers the same general area. European route E6 and the Nordland Line run throughout the valley, the Old Norse form of the name was Naumudalr. The first element is the case of the river name Nauma. The meaning of the name is unknown. Namdalen is the location of many of the stories of Olav Duun and his most famous works, the hexalogy known as The People of Juvik, takes place on the fictional farm of Haaberg, as well as other locations in Namdalen
8.
Labour Party (Norway)
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The Labour Party, formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It was formerly the senior partner of the governing Red-Green Coalition, the party is currently led by Jonas Gahr Støre. The Labour Party is officially committed to social-democratic ideals and its slogan since the 1930s has been everyone shall take part, and the party traditionally seeks a strong welfare state, funded through taxes and duties. During the first Stoltenberg government, the policies were inspired by Tony Blairs New Labour. The party has frequently described as increasingly neoliberal since the 1980s. The Labour Party profiles itself as a party that subscribes to cooperation on a national as well as international level. Its youth wing is the Workers Youth League, the party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and is an observer member of the Socialist International. The Labour Party has always been a supporter of Norways NATO membership and has supported Norwegian membership in the European Union during two referendums. Founded in 1887, the party increased in support until it became the largest party in Norway in 1927. This year also saw the consolidation of surrounding the party during the 1920s following its membership in the Comintern from 1919 to 1923. It formed its first government in 1928, and has led the government for all but 16 years since 1935, from 1945 to 1961, the party had an absolute majority in the Norwegian parliament, the only time this has ever happened in Norwegian history. The domination by the Labour Party, during the 1960s and early 1970s, was broken by competition from the left. From the end of the 1970s however, the party started to lose voters to the right, in 2001 the party achieved its worst electoral results since 1924. Between 2005 and 2013, Labour returned to power after committing to an agreement with other parties in order to form a majority government. Since losing 9 seats in the 2013 election, Labour has been in opposition, the party was founded in 1887 in Arendal and first ran in elections to the Parliament of Norway in 1894. It entered Parliament in 1904 after the 1903 election, and steadily increased its vote until 1927, the party were members of Comintern, a Communist organisation, between 1918 and 1923. From the establishment of Vort Arbeide in 1884, the party had a growing and notable organisation of newspapers, the party press system eventually resulted in Norsk Arbeiderpresse. In January 1913 the party had 24 newspapers, and 6 more newspapers were founded in 1913, the party also had the periodical Det 20de Aarhundre
9.
Demonym
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A demonym is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place. It is a neologism, previously gentilic was recorded in English dictionaries, e. g. the Oxford English Dictionary, thus a Thai may be any resident or citizen of Thailand, of any ethnic group, or more narrowly a member of the Thai people. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms, for example, a native of the United Kingdom may be called a British person, a Brit, or a Briton. In some languages, when a parallel demonym does not exist, in English, demonyms are capitalized and are often the same as the adjectival form of the place, e. g. Egyptian, Japanese, or Greek. Significant exceptions exist, for instance the adjectival form of Spain is Spanish, English widely includes country-level demonyms such as Ethiopian or Guatemalan and more local demonyms such as Seoulite, Wisconsinite, Chicagoan, Michigander, Fluminense, and Paulista. Some places lack a commonly used and accepted demonym and this poses a particular challenge to those toponymists who research demonyms. The word gentilic comes from the Latin gentilis and the English suffix -ic, the word demonym was derived from the Greek word meaning populace with the suffix for name. National Geographic attributes the term demonym to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a recent work from 1990 and it was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book Labels for Locals. However, in What Do You Call a Person From, a Dictionary of Resident Names attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his Names Names, A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon, which is apparently where the term first appears. Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language, the most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. Cairo → Cairene Cyrenaica → Cyrene Damascus → Damascene Greece → Greek Nazareth → Nazarene Slovenia → Slovene Often used for Middle Eastern locations and European locations. Kingston-upon-Hull → Hullensian Leeds → Leodensian Spain → Spaniard Savoy → Savoyard -ese is usually considered proper only as an adjective, thus, a Chinese person is used rather than a Chinese. Monaco → Monégasque Menton → Mentonasque Basque Country → Basque Often used for French locations, mostly they are from Africa and the Pacific, and are not generally known or used outside the country concerned. In much of East Africa, a person of an ethnic group will be denoted by a prefix. For example, a person of the Luba people would be a Muluba, the plural form Baluba, similar patterns with minor variations in the prefixes exist throughout on a tribal level. And Fijians who are indigenous Fijians are known as Kaiviti and these demonyms are usually more informal and colloquial. In the United States such informal demonyms frequently become associated with mascots of the sports teams of the state university system. In other countries the origins are often disputed and these will typically be formed using the standard models above
10.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
11.
Central European Summer Time
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It corresponds to UTC + two hours. Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time, Central European Daylight Saving Time, and Bravo Time. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed between 1,00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1,00 on the last Sunday of October, the following countries and territories use Central European Summer Time. In addition, Libya used CEST during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, European Summer Time Other countries and territories in UTC+2 time zone Other names of UTC+2 time zone
12.
Norwegian language
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Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken mainly in Norway, where it is the official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as extinct languages. Faroese and Icelandic are hardly mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them, as established by law and governmental policy, the two official forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål and Nynorsk. The official Norwegian Language Council is responsible for regulating the two forms, and recommends the terms Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk in English. Two other written forms without official status also exist, one and it is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy, which translates the name as Standard Norwegian. Nynorsk and Bokmål provide standards for how to write Norwegian, no standard of spoken Norwegian is officially sanctioned, and most Norwegians speak their own dialects in all circumstances. Thus, unlike in other countries, the use of any Norwegian dialect. Outside Eastern Norway, this variation is not used. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the written language of Norway. As a result, the development of modern written Norwegian has been subject to strong controversy related to nationalism, rural versus urban discourse, historically, Bokmål is a Norwegianised variety of Danish, while Nynorsk is a language form based on Norwegian dialects and puristic opposition to Danish. The unofficial form known as Riksmål is considered more conservative than Bokmål, Norwegians are educated in both Bokmål and Nynorsk. A2005 poll indicates that 86. 3% use primarily Bokmål as their written language,5. 5% use both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and 7. 5% use primarily Nynorsk. Thus, 13% are frequently writing Nynorsk, though the majority speak dialects that resemble Nynorsk more closely than Bokmål. Broadly speaking, Nynorsk writing is widespread in western Norway, though not in major urban areas, examples are Setesdal, the western part of Telemark county and several municipalities in Hallingdal, Valdres, and Gudbrandsdalen. It is little used elsewhere, but 30–40 years ago, it also had strongholds in rural parts of Trøndelag. Today, not only is Nynorsk the official language of four of the 19 Norwegian counties, NRK, the Norwegian broadcasting corporation, broadcasts in both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and all governmental agencies are required to support both written languages. Bokmål is used in 92% of all publications, and Nynorsk in 8%
13.
Bangsund
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Bangsund is a village in the municipality of Namsos in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It lies along the Løgnin arm of the Namsenfjorden, about 15 kilometres south of the town of Namsos, the 0. 66-square-kilometre village has a population of 918. The population density is 1,391 inhabitants per square kilometre, norsemen referred to it as Icebound, even though there isn’t much ice. Bangsund was originally an old settlement. In 1886, a found a tombstone that dated back to about 500-600 AD. The original farm was divided into two when its owner, Mickel Bangsund, gave one half to each of his two sons, after the sons had kids and died off, the little farm started growing into a small town. In 1801, the population was 30 people, one of Bangsund’s resources was the Bangdalsbruget sawmill. The mill burned to the ground in 1907 and was rebuilt in 1910, the sawmill was then used until 1980 and is said to have been one of the biggest sawmills in Northern Norway
14.
Klinga, Norway
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Klinga is a village and a former municipality in Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The village of Klinga lies about halfway between the villages of Bangsund and Spillum, the municipality of Klingen was establisted on 1 January 1891 when it was separated from Vemundvik. Initially, Klingen had a population of 1,387, in 1917, the name was changed to Klinga. On 1 January 1964, Klinga municipality ceased to exist as it was incorporated into Namsos together with the whole of Vemundvik and smaller parts of Otterøy, prior to the merger, Klinga had a population of 2,482. The dominant industries have been industry, agriculture, and forestry, the development of the main roads through the village was slow. In 1908, bridges were built over places previously served by ferry, in 1922, the important Namsen river bridge was completed so that traffic between Namsos and Klinga could occur regardless of the uncertain ferry connections. In 1928, the took over road maintenance on main roads and eventually developed a road link to the south. Norwegian County Road 17 runs through Klinga, in the Church of Norway, Klinga became a sub-parish within Namsos parish in the 1800s. It became so after a renaming of the sub-parish Sævik in May 1885, which was preceded by the moving of the central church in the sub-parish from Sævik village to Klinga village in 1863
15.
Population density
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
16.
Namsen
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Namsen is the biggest river in Nord-Trøndelag county, in the central part of Norway. The 228-kilometre long river flows through the municipalities of Røyrvik, Namsskogan, Grong, Overhalla and it traditionally has been used for floating timber down from the forests to the town of Namsos, where the sawmills were located. Today parts of the Namsen are regulated by several dams, the river begins in springs in Børgefjell National Park, just over the border in Nordland county. This water feeds that large lake Store Namsvatnet, the Namsen river itself starts when the water passes through the dam on the northwest side of the lake Namsvatnet in the municipality of Røyrvik. The river then travels through the Namdal valley towards the coast, ending at the town of Namsos where it flows into the Namsenfjorden, there are two major tributaries to the Namsen, Tunnsjøelva and Sanddøla. The total watershed is approximately 6,298 square kilometres and at Namsos, the Namsen is considered one of the best Atlantic Salmon fishing rivers in the world, and is often called the Queen of Rivers. Beginning in the 19th century, the British found the Atlantic salmon fishing to be excellent here, catches above 23 kilograms are not unusual. The Namsen is a river and is thus often fished from small boats using a method called harling. This method consists of trolling a lure while the boat moves slowly from bank to bank, thus, the salmon meet the lure as they swim upstream. Kraftverkene i Øvre Namsen The Norwegian Sawmill museum Salmon with a weight of 25 kg caught in June 2009 Upper Namsen Fishing
17.
River delta
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A river delta is a landform that forms from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or standing water. This occurs where a river enters an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, River deltas are ecologically important as they provide coastline defense, are home to many species, and can impact drinking water supply. The tidal currents also cannot be too strong, as sediment would wash out into the body faster than the river deposits it. Of course, the river must carry enough sediment to layer into deltas over time, the rivers velocity decreases rapidly, causing it to deposit the majority, if not all, of its load. This alluvium builds up to form the river delta, when the flow enters the standing water, it is no longer confined to its channel and expands in width. This flow expansion results in a decrease in the flow velocity, as a result, sediment drops out of the flow and deposits. Over time, this single channel builds a deltaic lobe, pushing its mouth into the standing water, as the deltaic lobe advances, the gradient of the river channel becomes lower because the river channel is longer but has the same change in elevation. As the slope of the channel decreases, it becomes unstable for two reasons. First, gravity makes the flow in the most direct course down slope. If the river breaches its natural levees, it out onto a new course with a shorter route to the ocean. Second, as its slope gets lower, the amount of stress on the bed decreases, which results in deposition of sediment within the channel. This makes it easier for the river to breach its levees, often when the channel does this, some of its flow remains in the abandoned channel. When these channel-switching events occur, a mature delta develops a distributary network, another way these distributary networks form is from deposition of mouth bars. When this mid-channel bar is deposited at the mouth of a river and this results in additional deposition on the upstream end of the mouth-bar, which splits the river into two distributary channels. A good example of the result of this process is the Wax Lake Delta, in both of these cases, depositional processes force redistribution of deposition from areas of high deposition to areas of low deposition. This results in the smoothing of the shape of the delta as the channels move across its surface. Because the sediment is laid down in fashion, the shape of these deltas approximates a fan. The more often the flow changes course, the shape develops as closer to an ideal fan, the Mississippi and Ural River deltas, with their birds-feet, are examples of rivers that do not avulse often enough to form a symmetrical fan shape
18.
Coat of arms
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A coat of arms is an heraldic visual design on an escutcheon, surcoat, or tabard. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the heraldic achievement which in its whole consists of shield, supporters, crest. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to a person, family, state. The ancient Romans used similar insignia on their shields, but these identified military units rather than individuals, the first evidence of medieval coats of arms has been attributed to the 11th century Bayeux Tapestry in which some of the combatants carry shields painted with crosses. However, that heraldic interpretation remains controversial, coats of arms came into general use by feudal lords and knights in battle in the 12th century. By the 13th century, arms had spread beyond their initial battlefield use to become a flag or emblem for families in the social classes of Europe. Exactly who had a right to use arms, by law or social convention, in the German-speaking regions both the aristocracy and burghers used arms, while in most of the rest of Europe they were limited to the aristocracy. The use of spread to the clergy, to towns as civic identifiers. Flags developed from coats of arms, and the arts of vexillology, the coats of arms granted to commercial companies are a major source of the modern logo. Despite no widespread regulation, heraldry has remained consistent across Europe, some nations, like England and Scotland, still maintain the same heraldic authorities which have traditionally granted and regulated arms for centuries and continue to do so in the present day. In England, for example, the granting of arms is and has controlled by the College of Arms. Unlike seals and other emblems, heraldic achievements have a formal description called a blazon. Many societies exist that also aid in the design and registration of personal arms, in the heraldic traditions of England and Scotland, an individual, rather than a family, had a coat of arms. In those traditions coats of arms are legal property transmitted from father to son, wives, undifferenced arms are used only by one person at any given time. Other descendants of the bearer could bear the ancestral arms only with some difference. One such charge is the label, which in British usage is now always the mark of an apparent or an heir presumptive. Because of their importance in identification, particularly in seals on legal documents and this has been carried out by heralds and the study of coats of arms is therefore called heraldry. In time, the use of arms spread from military entities to educational institutes, the author Helen Stuart argues that some coats of arms were a form of corporate logo
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Moose
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The moose or elk, Alces alces, is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the broad, flat antlers of the males, Moose typically inhabit boreal forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Hunting and other activities have caused a reduction in the size of the mooses range over time. Moose have been reintroduced to some of their former habitats, currently, most moose are found in Canada, Alaska, New England, Fennoscandia, Latvia, Estonia and Russia. Their diet consists of terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. The most common predators are the gray wolf along with bears. Unlike most other species, moose are solitary animals and do not form herds. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary, moose can become aggressive and move quickly if angered or startled and their mating season in the autumn features energetic fights between males competing for a female. Alces alces is called a moose in North American English, and that same word elk in North American English refers to a completely different species of deer, the Cervus canadensis, also called the wapiti. A mature male moose is called a bull, a female a cow. The word elk originated from Proto-Germanic languages, from which Old English evolved, the British English word elk has cognates in other Indo-European languages, for example elg in Danish/Norwegian, älg in Swedish, alnis in Latvian, Elch in German, and łoś in Polish. In the continental-European languages, these forms of the word elk almost always refer to the Alces alces, the word moose first entered English by 1606 and is borrowed from the Algonquian languages, and possibly involved forms from multiple languages mutually reinforcing one another. The term moose is a name of North American origin, the animal is known in British English as the elk. The moose became extinct in Britain during the Bronze Age, long before the Europeans discovery of America, the youngest bones were found in Scotland and are roughly 3900 years old. Dictionaries of the 18th century simply described elk as a deer that was as large as a horse, confusingly, the word elk is used in North America to refer to a different animal, Cervus canadensis, which is also called by the Algonkian indigenous name, wapiti. The British began colonizing America in the 17th century, and found two common species of deer for which they had no names, the wapiti appeared very similar to the red deer of Europe although it was much larger and was not red. The moose was a rather strange-looking deer to the colonists, the wapiti is very similar to the red deer of central and western Europe, although it is distinctly different behaviorally and genetically. Early European explorers in North America, particularly in Virginia where there were no moose, called the wapiti elk because of its size, the moose resembled the German elk, which was less familiar to the British colonists
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Aremark
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Aremark is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fosby, Aremark was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. The new municipality of Øymark was separated from Aremark on 1 July 1903, the Norse form of the name was Aramǫrk. The first element is the genitive of the name of the lake Ari, the last element is mǫrk f woodland, borderland. The coat-of-arms is from modern times and they were granted on 7 November 1986. The arms show two blue-colored elk on a silver background, the elk was chosen as a symbol because of the large forests and the many animals in the area. Farming and forestry are the two top components of Aremarks economy, every two years in Aremark there is a relatively large festival, Elgfestivalen. It is held in a festivity area at Kirkeng Camping and it has been arranged every two years since September 1998. The festival begins Friday afternoon and lasts until Sunday afternoon, there are two chapels/churches in Aremark. Aremark church, which is located near Kirkeng, and Holmgil chapel in Bjørkebekk, Aremark has been used in several movie titles and in television. The Norwegian movies Folk flest bor i Kina and Celofan are both filmed in the municipality, the reality show Farmen is filmed at Bøensæther husmannsplass close to Marker. The following cities are twinned with Aremark, - Dzērbene, Cēsis District, Latvia Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway Aremark travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal website
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Namsskogan
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Namsskogan is a village and municipality in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. Namsskogan is located in the part of the long Namdalen valley region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Namsskogan, other villages in the municipality include Brekkvasselv, Smalåsen, Skorovatn, and Trones. The village of Namsskogan lies along the river Namsen in the part of the municipality. The European route E6 highway runs through the village, the municipality of Namsskogan was established on 1 July 1923 when it was separated from the large municipality of Grong. Initially, the population of Namsskogan was 469, the municipal boundaries have not changed since. The name was created in 1923, the first element is the name of the river Namsen and the last element is the plural form of skog which means wood. Therefore, the meaning of the name is the woodlands around Namsen, the coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 21 December 1984. The arms show a gold mooses antler on a black background, the municipality is heavily forested and many moose can be found in the area. The arms are based on a very large antler, with a golden color. See also, Coats-of-arms for Aremark, Namsos, Ringsaker, and it is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. In the 2007 municipal elections, Namsskogan had the highest vote for the Socialist Left party in Norway, Namsskogan is located in the northeast part of Nord-Trøndelag county. It is a forested area with several large lakes including Kalvvatnet, Mellingsvatnet, Storfrøyningen, Storgåsvatnet. The river Namsen runs south through the Namsdalen valley, the extreme northeastern part of the municipality is part of Børgefjell National Park. The municipality is governed by a council of elected representatives. The municipal council of Namskogan is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, Nord-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
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Ringsaker
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Ringsaker is a municipality in Hedmark county, Norway. It is part of the region of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Brumunddal, the municipality of Ringsaker was established on 1 January 1838. The municipalities of Furnes and Nes were merged with Ringsaker on 1 January 1964, the municipality is named after the old Ringsaker farm, since the first church was built there. The first element is the case of ringir or ringi. One proposal is that Ringir or Hringir may have been an epithet or alias for the Norse god Ullr, the last element is akr, meaning acre or any field generally. The coat-of-arms is from modern times and they were granted on 1 February 1985. The arms show a silver elk on a red background, the elk in the arms is taken from pre-historic cave paintings found at the Stein farm in Ringsaker, indicating the early inhabitation of the area. They were designed by Arne Løvstad, Ringsaker is situated in an agricultural and lumbering region. Ringsaker lies in the district of Hedmarken which consists largely of a rolling agricultural terrain, hilly green mountains. The principal urban centers in Ringsaker include Brumunddal and Moelv, ringsakers main industries are agriculture, forestry, and diversified manufacturing. The area of Sjusjøen has a large cottage colony that is especially attractive for out door sports including cross-country skiing vacations. Ringsaker is first mentioned in King Harald Hårfagres Saga, in the Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson, the saga reports that Harald Hårfagre was but ten years old when he succeeded his father. After Halfdan the Blacks death, many chiefs coveted the dominions he had left, among these King Gandalf was the first, then Högne and Fróði, sons of King Eystein of Hedemark, and also King Hogne Karuson of Ringerike. Hake, the son of Gandalf, led an expedition of 300 men against Vestfold, King Haralds army, led by Guthorm, met and fought a great battle, and King Harald was victorious, killing king Hake. Then King Harald turned back, but King Gandalf had come to Vestfold so they defeated him also, now when the sons of King Eystein in Hedemark heard the news, they proposed to meet at Ringsaker in Hedemark with the remaining kings, Hogne Karuson and Herse Gudbrand. King Harald and Guthorm found out where the Oppland kings were meeting, King Eysteins two sons and their men fought, but both Hogne and Frode died. After the fall of these kings, King Harald had subdued Hedemark, Ringerike, Gudbrandsdal, Hadeland, Thoten, Romerike, in addition, King Gandalf was slain, and King Harald took the whole of his kingdom as far south as the river Raum
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Tynset
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Tynset is a municipality in Hedmark county, Norway. It is part of the region of Østerdalen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tynset, the municipality is named after the old Tynset farm, since the first church was built here. The first element is the case of the river name Tunna. Prior to 1918, the name was written Tønset, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 18 October 1985, the arms show the silver/gray head of a moose on a blue background. It was chosen to symbolize the abundance of moose in the area, the parish of Tønsæt was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Although the municipality of Alvdal was originally a part of Tynset, the former municipality of Kvikne was merged with Tynset in 1966. Tynset is the centre of the Nord-Østerdalen area of Hedmark county. Well positioned in the area of mainland Norway, Tynset lies in the upper quadrant of Norways longest valley. To the northeast lies the municipality of Tolga, south of Tynset are Rendalen and Alvdal, in the neighboring county of Sør-Trøndelag, Tynset is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Rennebu and Midtre Gauldal, and to the west by Oppdal. Tynset is known for its vast areas of forest and mountain, which are ideal for skiing, walking, cycling, hunting, in many areas are signposted paths and ski tracks are ploughed in winter. Tynset municipality also rents chalets, which used to belong to mountain farms, sheltered by mountains, the average annual precipitation in Tynset is only 400 millimetres and the mean annual temperature is 0 °C. The temperature in January averages −13 °C and the temperature falls below freezing from November until about mid-April, in July, the 24-hr average temperature is about 12 °C. July is also generally the wettest month, with a precipitation of about 70 millimetres. This corresponds to a subarctic climate. The village can be reached easily by railroad, road, the trunk road Rv3, the shortest route between Oslo and Trondheim, runs through Tynset, and the Rondevegen connects Tynset to Lillehammer, Røros and continues further into Sweden. Rv30, which passes through Rendalen, also continues into Sweden, the Rørosbanen railway line connects Tynset with the major cities of Oslo and Trondheim
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Church of Norway
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The Church of Norway, from 2017 called the Peoples Church, is a Lutheran denomination of Protestant Christianity that serves as the peoples church and the largest church in Norway. The church was established after the Lutheran reformation in Denmark–Norway in 1536–1537 broke ties with the Holy See, the church professes the Lutheran Christian faith, with its foundation on the Bible, the Apostles, Nicene and Athanasian Creeds, Luthers Small Catechism and the Augsburg Confession. The church is a member of the Porvoo Communion with 12 other churches and it has also signed some other ecumenical texts, including the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification with the Roman Catholic Church. Until 1969, the name for administrative purposes was simply the State Church or sometimes just the Church. While the church remains state-funded and integrated in the administration with a special constitutional role, it is largely self-governing in doctrinal matters. On 27 May,2016, Stortinget passed a new bill that establishes the Church of Norway as an independent legal entity rather than a branch of the civil service, the Church of Norway officially ceased to be the state church on January 1,2017. Until 1845 the Church of Norway was the only religious organization in Norway. Dissenterloven was a passed by the Storting on 16 July 1845 that allowed the establishment of alternative religious bodies. This bill was in 1969 replaced by Lov om trudomssamfunn og ymist anna, until 2012 the constitutional head of the church was the King of Norway, who is obliged to profess himself a Lutheran. After the constitutional amendment of May 21,2012, the church is self-governed with regard to doctrinal issues, bishops and priests are civil servants also after the 2012 constitutional reform. Each parish has an autonomous administration, the state itself does not administer church buildings, buildings and adjacent land instead belong to the parish as an independent public institution. The Minister of Church Affairs, Trond Giske, was responsible for proposing the 2012 amendments, the church itself explained that, In 2012 the Parliament changed the constitution such that Norway no longer has a public religion. The Church of Norway can accordingly no longer be labeled as state church, a bill passed in 2016 created the Church of Norway as an independent legal entity, effective from 1 January 2017. The church has a structure, with 1,284 parishes,106 deaneries,11 dioceses and since 2 October 2011. The dioceses are – according to the rank of the five historic sees and then according to age, Nidaros, seated in Trondheim, bishops, Presiding Bishop of Nidaros and Bishop of Nidaros Cathedral Deanery Helga Haugland Byfuglien, Bishop of Nidaros Tor Singsaas. Bjørgvin, seated in Bergen, covering the counties of Hordaland, Oslo, seated in Oslo, covering Oslo and parts of the county of Akershus. Stavanger, seated in Stavanger, covering the county of Rogaland, Hamar, seated in Hamar, covering the counties of Hedmark and Oppland. Nord-Hålogaland, seated in Tromsø, covering the counties of Troms and Finnmark, agder og Telemark, seated in Kristiansand, covering the counties of Vest-Agder, Aust-Agder and Telemark
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Diocese of Nidaros
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Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag counties and its cathedral city is Trondheim, the diocese is divided into 12 deaneries. Finn Wagle was the bishop from 1991 to 2008, on 1 July 2008 Tor Singsaas took over the position. The diocese of Nidaros was established in 1068 and it then covered the counties of Sør-Trøndelag, Nord-Trøndelag, Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark, along with the regions of Nordmøre and Romsdal and Härjedalen, and also the northern part of Østerdalen. The region of Sunnmøre was transferred from Diocese of Bjørgvin to the new Archdiocese of Nidaros some time after 1152 – to secure it more income, the northern part of Østerdalen was transferred to Diocese of Oslo some time after 1537. The province of Jämtland was transferred from Diocese of Uppsala to Nidaros in 1570, the region of Sunnmøre was transferred from Nidaros to the Diocese of Bjørgvin in 1622. The provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen were lost to Sweden in 1645, nord-Norge was established as a diocese of its own in 1804. The parish of Innset was transferred from Diocese of Hamar to Nidaros in 1966, the regions of Nordmøre and Romsdal were established as a diocese of its own in 1983. The Diocese of Nidaros is divided into twelve deaneries, each one corresponds to several municipalities in the diocese. Each municipality is divided into one or more parishes which each contain one or more congregations. See each municipality below for lists of churches and parishes within them, the bishops of Nidaros since the Protestant Reformation when Norway switched from Catholicism to Lutheranism
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Klinga Church
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Klinga Church is a parish church in the municipality of Namsos in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Klinga, the church is part of the Klinga parish in the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in 1866 and seats about 270 people, the building was designed by architect Ernst Kulaas
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Namsos Church
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Namsos Church is a parish church in the municipality of Namsos in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the center of the town of Namsos, the church is part of the Namsos parish in the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. The large, rectangular, brick church was built in 1960 to replace the one which was bombed and burned during World War II. The church was designed by architect Ola B, aasness and it seats about 622 people. The church also has a bell tower on the south side of the main building
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Vemundvik Church
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Vemundvik Church is a parish church in the municipality of Namsos in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vemundvik, just east of Ramsvika, the church is part of the Vemundvik parish in the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden building was constructed in 1875 to seat about 300 people. The church was designed by architect Ole Olsen Scheistrøen
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Vemundvik
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Vemundvik is a village and former municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It roughly corresponds to the parts of the present-day municipality of Namsos that lie north of the river Namsen. The municipality of Vemundvik was established in 1838 as Namsos landdistrikt/Namsos herred, in 1846 its size decreased as Namsos was separated from it and established as an urban municipality. It had 1,499 inhabitants before the split, and 908 after, on 1 January 1891 another municipality was separated from it, Klinga. Namsos herred had 2,475 residents before the split, and 1,088 after, areas of Vemundvik lying adjacent to the town of Namsos were later incorporated within the city limits on numerous occasions. On 1 January 1882, an area with 109 inhabitants was moved to the city, on 1 July 1921 an area with 927 inhabitants, and on 1 July 1957, another area with a population of 6. On 1 January 1964, Vemundvik municipality ceased to exist as it was incorporated into Namsos together with Klinga as well as smaller parts of Otterøy. Prior to the merger, Vemundvik had 2,040 residents, the main church for the municipality was Vemundvik Church
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Fosnes
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Fosnes is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dun on the island of Jøa. Other villages include Salsnes and Nufsfjord, Fosnes was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 January 1871, the district of Fosnes was separated to form the new municipality of Flatanger. This left Fosnes with 2,655 residents, on 1 January 1889, a small area of Fosnes was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Vikten. Then on 1 January 1913, the part of Fosnes was separated to form the new municipality of Otterøy. This left the smaller municipality with 1,107 residents. On 1 January 1964, the Finnanger area of Fosnes on the island of Otterøya was transferred to the new municipality of Namsos, the municipality is named after the old Fosnes farm, since the first church was built there. The first element is fólgsn which means hiding place and the last element is nes which means headland, historically, the name was spelled Fosnæs. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 13 November 1992, the arms show a black oarlock from a rowing boat on a yellow background. Fosnes is a municipality and rowing boats were the main form of transportation in the former centuries. The first proposal for arms of Fosnes were taken in 1989, several proposals were received but none was acceptable to or the council, or the Norwegian Heraldic Society, as the proposals were not made according to heraldic rules. Finally the Society proposed the above arms, which were acceptable to the council, the Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Fosnes. It is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros, Fosnes is a coastal municipality located along the Foldafjord, north of the town of Namsos. The municipality includes the island of Jøa, part of the island of Elvalandet, the second deepest lake in Europe, Salsvatnet, and the lake Mjosundvatnet are both located in the eastern part of the municipality. The municipality is governed by a council of elected representatives. The municipal council of Fosnes is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, Nord-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
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World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
Namsos (help·info) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Namsos. Some of the villages in the municipality include Bangsund, Klinga, Ramsvika, Skomsvoll, Spillum, and Sævik.
Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage
