1.
Calgary
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Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, the city anchors the south end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The city had a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it Albertas largest city, also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada. The Calgary CMA is home to the second-highest number of head offices in Canada among the countrys 800 largest corporations. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games, Calgary was named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. In turn, the name originates from a compound of kald and gart, similar Old Norse words, meaning cold and garden, alternatively, the name might be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, meaning beach of the meadow, or Gaelic for either clear running water or bay farm. The Calgary area was inhabited by people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan, in 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was a Hudsons Bay Company trader and the first recorded European to visit the area, John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873. The site became a post of the North-West Mounted Police, the NWMP detachment was assigned in 1875 to protect the western plains from US whisky traders, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officer Éphrem-A, Brisebois, it was renamed Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod. When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, over a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially incorporated as a town in 1884, and elected its first mayor, in 1894, it was incorporated as The City of Calgary in what was then the North-West Territories. The Calgary Police Service was established in 1885 and assumed municipal, local duties from the NWMP, the Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7,1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with losses estimated at $103,200, although no one was killed or injured, city officials drafted a law requiring all large downtown buildings to be built with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again. After the arrival of the railway, the Dominion Government started leasing grazing land at minimal cost, as a result of this policy, large ranching operations were established in the outlying country near Calgary. Already a transportation and distribution hub, Calgary quickly became the centre of Canadas cattle marketing and meatpacking industries. By the late 19th century, the Hudsons Bay Company expanded into the interior and established posts along rivers that later developed into the cities of Winnipeg, Calgary
2.
Grand prix des lectrices de Elle
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The Grand prix des lectrices de Elle is a French literary prize awarded by readers of the Elle magazine. At its inception in 1969 by Hélène Lazareff, it was awarded solely to novels, from 1977, two categories were recognised - literary fiction and non-fiction. From 2002, crime fiction also came to be awarded, until 1992, eight regional committees designated at the first instance books of the month. A national jury then took over to elect the two major prizewinners in the categories of novels and non-fiction, currently, eight monthly juries of fifteen readers each form the grand jury of 120 readers. 1970, Arlette Grebel, Ce soir, Tania. O. L,1990, Yves Beauchemin, Juliette Pomerleau - Éditions de Fallois. 2001, Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt, LÉvangile selon Pilate - Albin Michel,2002, Isabelle Hausser, La Table des enfants - de Fallois 2003, William Boyd, À livre ouvert - Seuil 2004, Philippe Claudel, Les Âmes grises - Stock. 2005, Philippe Grimbert, Un secret - Grasset 2006, Khaled Hosseini, Les Cerfs-volants de Kaboul - Belfond 2007, Duong Thu Huong,2008, Marie Sizun, La Femme de lAllemand - Arléa. 2009, Claudie Gallay, Les Déferlantes - Éditions Rouergue,2010, Véronique Ovaldé, Ce que je sais de Vera Candida - Éditions de lOlivier. 2011, Kathryn Stockett, La Couleur des sentiments - Éditions Jacqueline Chambon / Actes Sud,2012, Delphine de Vigan, Rien ne soppose à la nuit - JC Lattès. 2013, Robert Goolrick, Arrive un vagabond - Pocket,2014, Laura Kasischke, Esprit dhiver - Éditions Christian Bourgois. 2002, Wladyslaw Szpilman, Le Pianiste - Robert Laffont,2005, Azar Nafisi, Lire Lolita à Téhéran - Plon 2006, Charles Dantzig, Dictionnaire égoïste de la littérature française - Grasset. 2007, Dominique Bona, Camille et Paul, la passion Claudel - Grasset,2008, Wangari Maathai, Celle qui plante les arbres - Héloïse dOrmesson. 2009, Jean-Paul Mari, Sans blessures apparentes - Robert Laffont 2010, Éric Fottorino,2014, Emmanuèle Bernheim, Tout s’est bien passé, Gallimard. 2003, Harlan Coben, Ne le dis à personne - Belfond 2004, Dennis Lehane, Shutter Island - Rivages 2005, Dominique Sylvain, Passage du désir - Viviane Hamy 2006, Mo Hayder,2007, Arnaldur Indriðason, La Femme en vert - Graforþögn. 2008, Marcus Malte, Garden of Love - Zulma,2009, Caryl Férey, Zulu - Gallimard 2010, Jesse Kellerman, Les Visages - Sonatine Éditions. 2011, Lisa Gardner, La Maison dà côté - Sonatine Éditions 2012, Jussi Adler-Olsen,2013, Gillian Flynn, Les Apparences - Sonatine. 2014, Ian Manook, Yeruldelgger - Albin Michel,2015, Mechtild Borrmann, Le Violoniste - Éditions du Masque 2016, Jax Miller, Les Infâmes - Éditions Ombres noires Elle magazine
3.
Tzvetan Todorov
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Tzvetan Todorov was a Bulgarian-French historian, philosopher, structuralist literary critic, sociologist and essayist. He is the author of books and essays, which have had a significant influence in anthropology, sociology, semiotics, literary theory, thought history. Tzvetan Todorov was born on March 1,1939, in Sofia, Bulgaria and he earned an M. A. in philology at the University of Sofia in 1963. He enrolled at the University of Paris to do his doctorat de troisième cycle in 1966, Todorov was appointed to his post as a director of research at the French Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique in 1968. In 1970, he helped to found the journal Poétique, of which he remained one of the managing editors until 1979, with structuralist literary critic Gérard Genette, he edited the Collection Poétique, the series of books on literary theory published by Éditions de Seuil, until 1987. He was a professor at several universities in the US, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia. Todorovs historical interests have focused on crucial issues as the conquest of The Americas. Todorovs greatest contribution to theory was his defining of the Fantastic, the fantastic uncanny. Todorov defines the fantastic as being any event that happens in our world seems to be supernatural. Upon the occurrence of the event, we must decide if the event was an illusion or whether it is real and has taken place. Todorov uses Alvaro from Jacques Cazottes Le Diable amoureux as an example of a fantastic event, Alvaro must decide whether the woman he is in love with is truly a woman or if she is the devil. Upon choosing whether the event was real or imaginary, Todorov says that we enter into the genres of uncanny, in the fantastic uncanny, the event that occurs is actually an illusion of some sort. The laws of reality remain intact and also provide an explanation for the fantastic event. Todorov gives examples of dreams, drugs, illusions of the senses, madness, in the fantastic marvelous, the supernatural event that occurs has actually taken place and therefore the laws of reality have to be changed to explain the event. Only if the reader cannot opt for one or the other possibility is the text purely fantastic. Aside from his work in theory, Todorov has also published studies of philosophy. He wrote Frail Happiness about the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and he focuses on Rousseaus ideas of attaining human happiness and how we can live in modern times. That opinion is commonplace of popularized accounts of the camps, primo Levi, quoted in Todorov, writes that camp life is a continuous war of everyone against everyone
4.
Order of Canada
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The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. It comes second only to membership in the Order of Merit, membership is accorded to those who exemplify the orders Latin motto, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning they desire a better country, a phrase taken from Hebrews 11,16. Appointees to the order are recommended by a board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign. As of October 2016,6,699 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada, including scientists, musicians, politicians, artists, athletes, business people, and film stars, benefactors, and others. Some have resigned or have been removed from the order, while other appointments have been controversial, appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings. Pearson, who was assisted with the establishment of the order by John Matheson. Laurent, Hugh MacLennan, David Bauer, Gabrielle Roy, Donald Creighton, Thérèse Casgrain, Wilder Penfield, Arthur Lismer, M. J. Coldwell, Edwin Baker, Alex Colville, and Maurice Richard. From the Order of Canada grew a Canadian honours system, thereby reducing the use of British honours, by the 1980s, Canadas provinces began to develop their own distinct honours and decorations. The Canadian monarch, seen as the fount of honour, is at the apex of the Order of Canada as its Sovereign, followed by the governor general, who serves as the fellowships Chancellor. Thereafter follow three grades, which are, in order of precedence, Companion, Officer, and Member, each incumbent governor general is also installed as the Principal Companion for the duration of his or her time in the viceregal post and continues as an extraordinary Companion thereafter. As of March 2016, there have twenty one honorary appointments. There were originally, in effect, only two ranks to the Order of Canada, Companion and the Medal of Service, there was, however, also a third award, the Medal of Courage, meant to recognize acts of gallantry. This latter decoration fell in rank between the two levels, but was anomalous within the Order of Canada, being a separate award of a different nature rather than a middle grade of the order. Lester Pearsons vision of a structure to the order was thus fulfilled. Companions of the Order of Canada have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, up to 15 Companions are appointed annually, with an imposed limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, not including those appointed as extraordinary Companions or in an honorary capacity. As of October 2015, there are 143 living Companions, none being honorary, since 1994, substantive members are the only regular citizens who are empowered to administer the Canadian Oath of Citizenship. As of October 2015, there were 1,123 living Officers, Members of the Order of Canada have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually, not including extraordinary Members and those inducted on an honorary basis, as of October 2015, there were 2,225 living Members, none being honorary
5.
Novelist
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A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, Novelists come from a variety of backgrounds and social classes, and frequently this shapes the content of their works. Similarly, some novelists have creative identities derived from their focus on different genres of fiction, such as crime, while many novelists compose fiction to satisfy personal desires, novelists and commentators often ascribe a particular social responsibility or role to novel writers. Many authors use such moral imperatives to justify different approaches to writing, including activism or different approaches to representing reality truthfully. Novelist is a derivative from the term novel describing the writer of novels. However, the OED attributes the primary meaning of a writer of novels as first appearing in the 1633 book East-India Colation by C. The difference between professional and amateur novelists often is the ability to publish. Many people take up writing as a hobby, but the difficulties of completing large scale fictional works of quality prevent the completion of novels. Once authors have completed a novel, they often try to get it published. The publishing industry requires novels to have accessible profitable markets, thus many novelists will self-publish to circumvent the editorial control of publishers, self-publishing has long been an option for writers, with vanity presses printing bound books for a fee paid by the writer. The rise of the Internet and electronic books has made self publishing far less expensive, Novelists apply a number of different methods to writing their novels, relying on a variety of approaches to inspire creativity. Some communities actively encourage amateurs to practice writing novels to develop these unique practices, for example, the internet-based group, National Novel Writing Month, encourages people to write 50, 000-word novels in the month of November, to give novelists practice completing such works. In the 2010 event, over 200,000 people took part – writing a total of over 2.8 billion words, Novelists dont usually publish their first novels until later in life. However, many novelists begin writing at a young age, for example, Iain Banks began writing at eleven, and at sixteen completed his first novel, The Hungarian Lift-Jet, about international arms dealers, in pencil in a larger-than-foolscap log book. However, he was thirty before he published his first novel, the success of this novel enabled Banks to become a full-time novelist. Occasionally, novelists publish as early as their teens, for example, Patrick OBrian published his first novel, Caesar, The Life Story of a Panda-Leopard, at the age of 15, which brought him considerable critical attention. Occasionally, these works will achieve popular success as well, for example, though Christopher Paolinis Eragon, was not a great critical success, but its popularity among readers placed it on the New York Times Childrens Books Best Seller list for 121 weeks. First-time novelists of any age often find themselves unable to get published, because of a number of reasons reflecting the inexperience of the author
6.
Alberta
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Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1,2015, it is Canadas fourth-most populous province and its area is about 660,000 square kilometres. Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1,1905, the premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015. Alberta is bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U. S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to only a single U. S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. About 290 km south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta, Calgary and Edmonton centre Albertas two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations. Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, Queen of Canada, and Albert, Prince Consort. Princess Louise was the wife of John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, Lake Louise and Mount Alberta were also named in her honour. Alberta, with an area of 661,848 km2, is the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. To the south, the borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the US state of Montana. The province extends 1,223 km north to south and 660 km east to west at its maximum width, with the exception of the semi-arid steppe of the south-eastern section, the province has adequate water resources. There are numerous rivers and lakes used for swimming, fishing, there are three large lakes, Lake Claire in Wood Buffalo National Park, Lesser Slave Lake, and Lake Athabasca which lies in both Alberta and Saskatchewan. The longest river in the province is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 km from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca, the largest river is the Peace River with an average flow of 2161 m3/s. The Peace River originates in the Rocky Mountains of northern British Columbia and flows through northern Alberta and into the Slave River, Albertas capital city, Edmonton, is located approximately in the geographic centre of the province. It is the most northerly city in Canada, and serves as a gateway. The region, with its proximity to Canadas largest oil fields, has most of western Canadas oil refinery capacity, Calgary is located approximately 280 km south of Edmonton and 240 km north of Montana, surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the population lives in the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. The land grant policy to the served as a means to populate the province in its early years
7.
Wilton, New Hampshire
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Wilton is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,677 at the 2010 census, like many small New England towns it grew up around water-powered textile mills, but is now a rural bedroom community with some manufacturing and service employment. Wilton is home to the High Mowing School, a preparatory school. The town was first part of a township chartered as Salem-Canada in 1735 by Colonial Governor Jonathan Belcher of Massachusetts and it was granted to soldiers from Salem, Massachusetts, who had served in 1690 under Sir William Phips in the war against Canada. Salem-Canada was one of the towns on the states borders intended to provide protection against Indian attack and it would be regranted in 1749 by New Hampshire colonial Governor Benning Wentworth as Number Two, before being incorporated in 1762 as Wilton. It was either named for Wilton, England, or for Sir Joseph Wilton, Sir Wiltons coach design for King George IIIs coronation was later used as a model for the Concord coach. The town of Wilton, Maine, would later be named for Wilton, the Souhegan River originally provided water power for mills. Today, Wilton is a town with orchards, farms. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 25.8 square miles, of which 25.8 square miles is land and 0.08 square miles. Wilton is drained by the Souhegan River, and Stony and Blood brooks, the towns highest point is 1,140 feet above sea level, where the east slope of Fisk Hill touches the towns western border. The town center, defined as a place, has a total area of 1.9 square miles. The population density was 145.3 people per square mile, there were 1,451 housing units at an average density of 56.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 57% White,0. 35% Black or African American,0. 13% Native American,0. 51% Asian,0. 45% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 77% of the population. 19. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.06. |In the town, the population was out with 26. 9% under the age of 18,6. 3% from 18 to 24,30. 8% from 25 to 44,25. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37 years, for every 100 females there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males, the median income for a household in the town was $54,276, and the median income for a family was $61,311. Males had an income of $39,830 versus $28,714 for females
8.
New Hampshire
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New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. Concord is the capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont. It has no sales tax, nor is personal income taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U. S. presidential election cycle and its license plates carry the state motto, Live Free or Die. The states nickname, The Granite State, refers to its extensive granite formations, the state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire is part of the New England region and it is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshires major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U. S. coastal state, New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Major rivers include the 110-mile Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south and ends up in Newburyport and its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshires Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, only one town – Pittsburg – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the Canada–U. S, the Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the states only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine, the U. S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however, the largest of New Hampshires lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles, is a distant second, Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. It is the state with the highest percentage of area in the country. New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests
9.
High Mowing School
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High Mowing School is an independent private, co-educational, day and boarding school, located in Wilton, New Hampshire, in the United States. High Mowing is the oldest Waldorf high school in Canada or the United States, both the school and its name are rooted in its hilltop farm location. Inspired by the writings and educational theories of Rudolf Steiner, Mrs. Emmet opened the school in 1942 and it is the first Waldorf high school to have been founded in North America. Since that time, the comfort of the old farm site has welcomed teenagers from around the globe. Students experience the Waldorf curriculum, as live and work in close proximity to their teachers. High Mowing is the only Waldorf high school on the continent to offer a program as well as a day school. The name, High Mowing, has its roots in New Englands colonial past, the practice of cutting or mowing hayfields to feed farm animals was a long-standing tradition there. According to European custom, these hayfields were often called mowings by the early settlers, a high mowing referred to a hilltop field, regarded as a perfect name for a school with high ambitions for its students. It was also believed to be a setting for young adults to grow intellectually, artistically and socially, while living and learning with students from the region. A liberal arts curriculum meant to promote engaged and active learning forms the basis of High Mowings academics, each school day begins, for each grade, with Main Lesson Block – an integrative hour and 45 minute class that runs for between three and four weeks. Subjects for block classes encompass history, literature, drama, science, students create their own Block Book for each class of the work they create during their study of the block material. Approximately one third of blocks are devoted to the sciences and one third to historical subjects, others focus on drama, literature, or math. Block classes are followed by classes, typically four each day. These include English, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, History, World Languages, many of these are required courses for underclassmen and are taken in sequence beginning with the introductory course. Electives are courses freely chosen by students and are common to upperclassmen who have completed core requirements. Examples of electives include Naturalist, Great Novels, French, Spanish, and German, Philosophy, Biology, Physics, Filmmaking and Digital Arts, Eurythmy, Drawing and Painting, Woodwork, and Pottery. Special programs include, naturalist, fine and applied arts, apprenticeship pottery program, farm and garden program, the Waldorf curriculum for each grade is developmentally-based, focusing on the central question that students typically encounter at that age. High Mowing is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and it now typically occurs less frequently and is designed to allow students and faculty to reflect on the changing world and our responsibilities to it
