1.
Naomi Campbell (Skins)
–
Naomi Campbell is a fictional character in the British television teen drama Skins, played by Lily Loveless. Naomi was a character in the third and fourth series of the programme. Her storylines focused mainly on her relationship with Emily Fitch. Naomi is an individualist, passionate, political and principled, much of the third series is about Naomi dealing with her feelings for Emily and questioning her sexuality. Up until Pandora, Naomi maintains that she is straight and does not have feelings for Emily, however, in her centric episode, they share their first sexual experience. By the end of the series they come out publicly as a couple. In season 7, Naomis character has changed significantly and her blonde hair is now brunette in colour, and she has also lost her idealistic, political personality. Instead, she has become an unambitious, unmotivated slacker who spends her days smoking cannabis, worrying that her life has lost direction, Naomi aspires to be, and eventually becomes, a successful stand-up comedian. In Everyone, Naomi is first seen sitting in the auditorium during an assembly. Katie points her out to Effy, stating that Naomi was the lesbian that tried to get off with my sister, Cook sees her and tries to charm her but instead winds her up, by telling her that hell show his genitals if she shows hers. Raising her hand, she tells on Cook, saying that he wanted to show her something inappropriate, causing the teachers to force Cook to show them, in Cook, she is invited to Cooks birthday party, much to Katies chagrin. She begins to complain, asking why they invited the lesbian, in Thomas, Emily admits that she came on to Naomi, not the other way around. She and Naomi almost kiss again, but Naomi leaves, telling Emily that she is straight, in Pandora, as Naomi and Emily arrive together, Naomi urges Emily to admit that she is gay, but Emily denies it. After calling Freddie for help, JJ goes into the house by himself and sees Emily, Katie, too, witnesses the pair kissing, but is interrupted when her footballer boyfriend, Danny Guillermo, and dozens of his friends arrive at the house to crash the party. In her centric episode, Naomi lives with her hippy mother Gina, at college, she avoids Emily to meet with her politics teacher, Kieran, instead. In the students room, they are informed of the upcoming elections for Student President. Emily encourages Naomi to run for president, but Naomi refuses and she later comes across Cook, who tries to persuade her to have sex with him. She jokingly tells him that he has a chance of winning the student elections
Naomi Campbell (Skins)
–
Lily Loveless as Naomi Campbell
2.
Streatham
–
Streatham is a district in south London, England, mostly in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is centred 5 miles south of Charing Cross, the area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Streatham means the hamlet on the street, the street in question, the London to Brighton Way, was the Roman road from the capital Londinium to the south coast near Portslade, today within Brighton and Hove. It is likely that the destination was a Roman port now lost to coastal erosion, the road is confusingly referred to as Stane Street in some sources and diverges from the main London-Chichester road at Kennington. After the departure of the Romans, the road through Streatham remained an important trackway. From the 17th century it was adopted as the coach road to Croydon and East Grinstead. In 1780 it then became the route of the road from London to Brighton. This road have shaped Streathams development, Streathams first parish church, St Leonards, was founded in Saxon times but an early Tudor tower remains is the only structure pre-1831 which the church has as it was rebuilt. The mediaeval parish covered an area by including Balham and Tooting Bec. Streatham Cemetery on Garratt Lane on the borders of Wimbledon is one of the few remaining indications of how far west Streatham once extended, Streatham appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Estreham. It was held by Bec-Hellouin Abbey from Richard de Tonbrige and its domesday assets were,2 hides,1 virgate and 6½ ploughlands of cultivated land and 4 acres of meadow and herbage. Annually it was assessed to render £4 5s 0d to its overlords, the village remained largely unchanged until the 18th century, when the villages natural springs, known as Streatham Wells, were first celebrated for their health-giving properties. The reputation of the spa, and improved roads, attracted wealthy City of London merchants. These roads are considered an important part of what remains of the historic Streatham Village as they found little or no influence from the growth of metropolitan London. Wellfield Road, which had previously known as Leigham Lane, was renamed to reflect its role as the main route from the village centre to one of the well locations. Another mineral well was located on the side of Streatham Common. In the 1730s, Streatham Park, a Georgian country mansion, was built by the brewer Ralph Thrale on land he bought from the Lord of the Manor - the fourth Duke of Bedford, the dining room contained 12 portraits of Henrys guests painted by his friend Joshua Reynolds. These pictures were wittily labelled by Fanny Burney as the Streatham Worthies, Streatham Park was later leased to Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, and was the venue for early negotiations with France that lead to the Peace Treaty of 1783
Streatham
–
Streatham High Road, looking north from the junction of Streatham High Road and Mitcham Lane
Streatham
–
Streatham Green with the spire of the Catholic English Martyrs Church beyond.
Streatham
–
Pratt's department store in summer 1978. The store closed down in 1990 and the building was demolished in 1996.
Streatham
–
Streatham Common. Avenue of autumn trees looking down Streatham Common towards Streatham High Road
3.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
–
Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
–
The name London may derive from the
River Thames
4.
Supermodel
–
A supermodel is a highly paid fashion model who usually has a worldwide reputation and often a background in haute couture and commercial modeling. The term supermodel became prominent in the culture of the 1980s. Supermodels usually work for prominent fashion designers and clothing brands and they may have multimillion-dollar contracts, endorsements, and campaigns. Supermodels have branded themselves as household names and worldwide recognition is associated with their modeling careers and they have been on the covers of magazines such as French, British, American, and Italian Vogue. Claudia Schiffer stated, In order to become a supermodel one must be on all the all over the world at the same time so that people can recognise the girls. Then I have had what I call the super model and you know the sort of man, he goes in for theatrical effect. On 6 October 1942, a writer named Judith Cass had used the term super model for her article in the Chicago Tribune, according to Model, The Ugly Business of Beautiful Women by Michael Gross, Gross stated the term supermodel was first used by Dessner. In 1947, anthropologist Harold Sterling Gladwin wrote supermodel in his book Men Out of Asia, on 18 October 1959, Vancouvers Chinatown News described Susan Chew as a super model. The term supermodel had been used several times in the media in the 1960s and 1970s, in 1965, the encyclopedic guide American Jurisprudence Trials used the term super model. American Vogue used the term super-model to describe Jean Shrimpton in the 15 October 1965 edition, Hemingway was again described as a supermodel in the 25 July 1977 edition of Time. Jet also described Beverly Johnson as a supermodel in the 22 December 1977 edition, Model Janice Dickinson has incorrectly stated that she coined the term supermodel in 1979, as a compound of Superman and model. During an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Dickinson stated that her agent Monique Pilar of Elite Model Management asked her, Janice, im a supermodel, honey, and you will refer to me as a supermodel and you will start a supermodel division. Dickinson also claims to be the first supermodel, lisa Fonssagrives is widely considered the worlds first supermodel. She was in most of the fashion magazines and general interest magazines from the 1930s to the 1950s, including Town & Country, Life, Vogue, the original Vanity Fair, Harpers Bazaar. Dorian Leigh has also called the worlds first supermodel, as well as Gia Carangi. In the 1970s, some became more prominent as their names became more recognizable to the general public. Lauren Hutton became the first model to receive a contract from a cosmetics company. Iman is considered to have been the first supermodel of color, donyale Luna was the first black model to appear in British Vogue
Supermodel
–
Gisele Bündchen has been the world's highest-paid model since 2004
Supermodel
–
Lisa Fonssagrives
Supermodel
–
Christie Brinkley
Supermodel
–
German supermodel
Claudia Schiffer rose to prominence in the 1990s as a face of
Chanel.
5.
Pop music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop music
–
The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop music
–
According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop music
6.
The Face (TV series)
–
The Face is a modeling-themed reality television series that follows three supermodel coaches as they compete with each other to find the face of major brand. The inaugural series premiered online on February 1,2013 and officially premiered on television on February 12,2013, the format was created by Shine America and is distributed internationally by Shine Intl. The series is now a franchise, owning its adaptations around the world. Naomi Campbell serves as a coach and also executive producer. In each series of The Face three model mentors select a team of models whose assets they believe will allow them to win the competition, each week, the models participate in an overall challenge. This challenge ignores team division, and whoever wins the challenge does so individually, the next segment involves a campaign or client. The models perform for these clients in a variety of shoots, commercials. These campaigns are performed in the teams that were assigned at the beginning of the series, each mentor supervises the group she chose as they perform. Immediately afterwards, the client for the episode declares which team performed the best, the girls from winning team are granted immunity, and cannot be eliminated. The mentors from the teams must nominate one girl from their team to enter the elimination room. This leaves two of the models from the two losing teams up for elimination, the mentor from the winning/Immune team gets to decide which of the two models will stay and return to her team, and which one will be eliminated. Each girl is given a chance to explain why she should be given a chance to remain in the competition. In instances where a mentor loses all of her contestants, the competition goes on between the two remaining teams. The winning team remains immune as usual, but the losing mentor is forced to two girls into the elimination room as opposed to one, with only one of them returning. In rare cases, a model can also be evicted from the competition without prior warning outside of the elimination room and she could also potentially be eliminated directly by her own mentor. The elimination process is repeated each week until the series finale, the final client decides the winner from the remaining pool of contestants. The model who wins the competition becomes The Face of the brand, bringing victory for her mentor and team
The Face (TV series)
–
Logo of The Face franchise
7.
Assault
–
In criminal and civil law, assault is an attempt to initiate harmful or offensive contact with a person, or a threat to do so. It is distinct from battery, which refers to the achievement of such contact. An assault is carried out by a threat of bodily harm coupled with an apparent, present ability to cause the harm and it is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in either criminal and/or civil liability. Generally, the common law definition is the same in criminal, there is, however, an additional criminal law category of assault consisting of an attempted but unsuccessful battery. The term is confused with battery, which involves physical contact. Assault usually accompanies battery if the assailant both threatens to make unwanted contact and then carries through with this threat. Thus throwing a rock at someone for the purpose of hitting him is a if the rock in fact strikes the person. Aggravated assault is, in some jurisdictions, a form of assault. Aggravated assault can also be charged in cases of attempted harm against police officers or other public servants, Assault can also be considered in cases involving the spitting on, or unwanted exposure of bodily fluids to others. Consent may be a complete or partial defense to assault, in some jurisdictions, most notably England, it is not a defense where the degree of injury is severe, as long as there is no legally recognized good reason for the assault. This can have important consequences when dealing with such as consensual sadomasochistic sexual activity. Legally recognized good reasons for consent include surgery, activities within the rules of a game, bodily adornment, however, any activity outside the rules of the game is not legally recognized as a defense of consent. In Scottish Law, consent is not a defense for assault, Police officers and court officials have a general power to use force for the purpose of performing an arrest or generally carrying out their official duties. Thus, an officer taking possession of goods under a court order may use force if reasonably necessary. In some jurisdictions such as Singapore, judicial corporal punishment is part of the legal system, the officers who administer the punishment have immunity from prosecution for assault. What constitutes reasonable varies in both law and case law. Unreasonable physical punishment may be charged as assault or under a statute for child abuse. Many countries, including some US states, also permit the use of punishment for children in school
Assault
–
Felony Sentences in State Courts, study by the
United States Department of Justice.
8.
South London
–
South London is the southern part of London, England. The River Thames divides Greater London into two parts, the southern part includes the historic central areas of Southwark, Lambeth and Bankside and also maritime Greenwich. The area has only a section of the London Underground network. This area is made up of the London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and this definition is used by the Boundary Commission for England. For the purposes of the London Plan, there was a South London sub-region in operation from 2004 to 2008 consisting of Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Richmond, in 2001 this area had a population of 1,329,000. This definition is used by such as Connexions. In 2011 a new South London region was created consisting of Bromley, Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Richmond now lies within the West London region, and Lambeth and Southwark are part of the Central London region. Three Met Office weather stations collect climate data south of the river, Kew, Hampton and Kenley Airfield. Long term climate observations dating back to 1763 are available for Greenwich, often snow can be seen to lie on the North Downs near Croydon when central London is snow free. The record high temperature at Greenwich is 37.5 °C recorded during August 2003, the highest temperature recorded across South London was 38.1 °C on the same occasion at Kew Gardens. Although the Met Office accepts a higher reading from Brogdale in Kent, many have questioned the accuracy of this, North London v South London - The debate. North London v South London - The debate
South London
–
South of London in 1800, the map shows
Kennington,
Camberwell,
Peckham,
Clapham,
Brixton,
Stockwell,
Streatham Hill,
Tooting,
Dulwich,
Brockley,
Sydenham,
Lewisham and
Deptford.
South London
–
South London
9.
Afro-Jamaican
–
Afro-Jamaicans are Jamaicans of entirely or predominantly African descent. The first Africans to arrive came in 1513 from the Iberian Peninsula and they were servants, cowboys, herders of cattle, pigs and horses, as well as hunters. The British in this point in time, brought with them mostly Akan slaves, some of which ran away and joined with Maroons and even took over as leaders. Africans were captured by war, as retribution for crimes committed, or by abduction and those who survived were fattened up and oiled to look healthy prior to being auctioned in public squares to the highest bidders. According to phoenix ship records, enslaved Africans mostly came from the Akan people followed by Fon, Yoruba, Efik, Bantu, Igbo people, Akan culture was the dominant African culture in Jamaica. Originally in earlier British colonization, however the island before the 1750s was in fact mainly Akan imported, but due to frequent rebellions from the then known Coromantee that often joined the slave rebellion group known as the Maroons, other groups were sent to Jamaica. The Akan population was still maintained because they were the preference of British planters in Jamaica because they were better workers, field slaves fetched £25–£75 while skilled slaves such as carpenters fetched prices as high as £300. The majority of the slaves were Mulattoes. On reaching the plantation, the slaves underwent a process in which they were placed with an experienced slave who taught them the ways of the estate. Although the initial slave traders were the Portuguese and the Dutch, by mid-century, the first public sale of these prisoners was held. By 1455 Portugal was importing close to 800 enslaved African a year, sugar cultivation began in the Azores islands, and as the demand for sugar grew, so did the demand for slaves to work the fields of sugar cane. By the 16th century, other countries wanted a piece of this action, by 1700 Jamaica was awash with sugar plantations and Jamaicas population consisted of 7,000 English to 40,000 enslaved Africans. The sugar industry grew quickly in Jamaica—in 1672 there were 70 plantations producing 772 tonnes of sugar per annum—growing in the 1770s to over 680 plantations, by 1800, it was 21,000 English to 300,000 enslaved Africans. In 1820 there were 5,349 properties in Jamaica of which 1,189 contained over 100 enslaved Africans. Each estate was its own world, complete with an entire labour force of field workers and skilled artisans. Each plantation fuelled the wheels of British mercantilism and this became known as The Triangular Trade. Money was not left in Englands colonies, the financing came from Mother England, a typical sugar estate was 900 acres. With the exception of the bookkeeper, by the middle of the eighteenth century, in addition, there was a poultry pen and a cattle yard along with a hospital for Africans
Afro-Jamaican
–
Notable Jamaican people:
Buju Banton •
Tessanne Chin •
Bunny Lee Desmond Dekker •
Grace Jones •
Usain Bolt Bob Marley •
Marcus Garvey
Afro-Jamaican
Afro-Jamaican
Afro-Jamaican
10.
Chinese Jamaicans
–
Chinese Jamaicans are Jamaican people of Chinese ancestry, which include descendants of migrants from China to Jamaica. Early migrants came in the 19th century, there was wave of migration in the 1980s and 1990s. Many of the descendants of migrants have moved abroad, primarily to Canada. Most Chinese Jamaicans are Hakka and can trace their origin to the coolies, most Chinese Jamaicans are Hakka and can trace their origin to the labourers who came to Jamaica in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. A further 200 would arrive in the years up until 1870, later, in 1884, a third wave of 680 Chinese migrants would arrive. With the exception of a few from Sze Yup, most of these migrants were Hakka people from Dongguan, Huiyang and this third wave of migrants would go on to bring more of their relatives over from China. From 1910, Chinese immigrants were required to pay a £30 deposit, the restrictions on Chinese migrants were tightened even further in 1931, but relaxed again by 1947 due to lobbying by the Chinese consulate. The 1943 census showed 12,394 Chinese residing in Jamaica and these were divided into three categories by the census, namely China-born, local-born, and Chinese coloured, the latter referring to multiracial people of mixed African and Chinese descent. This made Chinese Jamaicans the second largest Chinese population in the Caribbean, becoming a major immigration destination later on. As a result, clusters of Chinese Jamaicans can be found outside Jamaica primarily in cities like Toronto, New York City, in comparison to Overseas Chinese communities elsewhere, hometown associations related to migrants places of origin in China were not very influential among migrants to Jamaica. Some secret societies such as the Hongmenhui were active in organizing workers in the 1880s, however. Later, the Chinese Benevolent Association was founded in 1891, the CBA continues to operate from a two-story building with guardian lion statues in the front, the ground floor is occupied by the Jamaican-Chinese Historical Museum. The building has featured on a Jamaican postage stamp. It continued publication until 1956, and was revived in 1975, the Chinese Freemasons also published their own handwritten weekly newspaper, the Minzhi Zhoukan until 1956. The Pagoda, started in 1940, was the first English-language newspaper for the Chinese community, the local branch of the Kuomintang also began publishing their own paper, The Chung San News in 1953. Prior to Jamaican independence, there was an annual Miss Chinese Jamaica pageant, however, as the pageant grew in popularity, it drew charges from Afro-Jamaican journalists that the ethnic pride on display there was unpatriotic and un-Jamaican. The pageant renamed itself to the Miss Chinese Athletic Club, in an effort to avoid controversy, over the following years, Chinese Jamaican women did not participate in the Miss Jamaica pageant for fear of racial controversy. There was also a Chinese Jamaican community school, the Chinese Public School and it was set up first by the Chinese Freemasons in 1920, and operated until 1922, a Chinese drama club revived the school in 1924, charging tuition fees of £6
Chinese Jamaicans
–
Africa
11.
Modern dance
–
Modern dance is a broad genre of western concert or theatrical dance, primarily arising out of Germany and the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modern dance is considered to have emerged as a rejection of. Socioeconomic and cultural factors contributed to its development. In the late 19th century, dance artists such as Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, moving into the 1960s, new ideas about dance began to emerge, as a response to earlier dance forms and to social changes. Eventually, postmodern dance artists would reject the formalism of modern dance, and include such as performance art, contact improvisation, release technique. American modern dance can be divided into three periods or eras, Modern dance has evolved with each subsequent generation of participating artists. Artistic content has morphed and shifted from one choreographer to another, artists such as Graham and Horton developed techniques in the Central Modern Period that are still taught worldwide, and numerous other types of modern dance exist today. In America, increasing industrialization, the rise of a class, and the decline of Victorian social strictures led to, among other changes. It was in this atmosphere that a new dance was emerging as much from a rejection of social structures as from a dissatisfaction with ballet, womens colleges began offering aesthetic dance courses by the end of the 1880s. Emil Rath, who wrote at length about this emerging artform at the stated, Music and rhythmic bodily movement are twin sisters of art. 1877, Isadora Duncan was a predecessor of modern dance with her stress on the center or torso, bare feet, loose hair, free-flowing costumes, and incorporation of humor into emotional expression. She was inspired by classical Greek arts, folk dances, social dances, nature, natural forces, and new American athleticism such as skipping, running, jumping, leaping and she thought that ballet was ugly and meaningless gymnastics. Although she returned to the United States at various points in her life and she returned to Europe and died in Nice in 1927. 1891, Loie Fuller began experimenting with the effect that gas lighting had on her silk costumes, Fuller developed a form of natural movement and improvisation techniques that were used in conjunction with her revolutionary lighting equipment and translucent silk costumes. She patented her apparatus and methods of lighting that included the use of coloured gels and burning chemicals for luminescence. 1905, Ruth St. Denis, influenced by the actress Sarah Bernhardt and Japanese dancer Sada Yacco, developed her translations of Indian culture and her performances quickly became popular and she toured extensively while researching Oriental culture and arts. Other pioneers included Kurt Jooss and Harald Kreutzberg, an accomplished choreographer, she was a founding artist of the first American Dance Festival in Bennington. Holm choreographed extensively in the fields of dance and musical theater
Modern dance
–
Martha Graham in 1948
Modern dance
–
Isadora Duncan in 1903
Modern dance
–
Dancer at the
Laban school, Berlin 1929
Modern dance
–
Martha Graham and Bertram Ross in 1961; photo by
Carl van Vechten
12.
Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
–
The Italia Conti Academy is a co-educational independent school for pupils aged from 10 to 19 years, and a theatre arts training school, based in London, England. It was founded in 1911 by the actress Italia Conti, the academy grew out of the first production of the play Where the Rainbow Ends. Italia Conti, an actress with a reputation for her success working with young people, was asked to take over the job of training the cast. The play was a triumph and the school was born in basement studios in London’s Great Portland Street, in the school moved to a church building in Conduit Street. During World War 2, the school was bombed, destroying all records of the school. In 1972 the school moved to a building in Landor Road and it was the home to all full-time Italia Conti pupils for 9 years. In 1981 the school moved again for the time to Goswell Road. The Acting course consists of three years of professional training, offered to students from the age of 18. It is based in Italia Contis Avondale Building in Clapham, the three-year course is university accredited and students graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Acting. Part of the course teaches students to be original and individual in their work, to reinvent old techniques and develop new ones. The Performing Arts course is a three-year full-time course for students from the age of 16, it place at Italia Conti House. It is designed for students who require an all round training in performing arts, the course aims to produce confident, artistic and multi-skilled performers, the emphasis is on training in the three main art forms, acting, singing and dancing. The Intensive course is a full-time one-year course for students from the age of 16, the course, similarly to the diploma course, focuses on the skills of singing, acting and dancing. The course works with students on the Performing Arts three-year diploma course, the course develops technical skills, artistic interpretation and a sense of performance. Students who successfully complete the course graduate with the Academy Diploma, students who achieve the necessary skills are also given the opportunity throughout the course to take external examinations in theatre disciplines which are recognised by outside boards. The Performing Arts with Dance Teacher Training is a three-year full-time course for students from the age of 16, the course trains students to become performers and dance teachers by providing performing arts training and dance teaching qualifications. With the introduction of the ISTD qualifications in 2006, the academy provided students with the opportunity to take these examinations, the course follows the same path as the Performing Arts Course but also incorporates the teacher training by offering the FDI qualifications in Classical Ballet, Tap and Modern. This allows students to become qualified dance teachers to teach up to grade 5 in the ISTD syllabus, the academy has three sites, The main centre Italia Conti House, commonly referred to as mainschool, is based in Goswell Road, Barbican, London
Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
–
Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
13.
Ballet
–
Ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own based on French terminology. It has been influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training, Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art. Ballet may also refer to a dance work, which consists of the choreography. A well-known example of this is The Nutcracker, a ballet that was originally choreographed by Marius Petipa. Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained artists, the word came into English usage from the French around 1630. Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries before being spread from Italy to France by an Italian aristocrat, Catherine de Medici, in France, ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence. The dancers in these early court ballets were mostly noble amateurs, Ballets in this period were lengthy and elaborate and often served a political purpose. Ornamented costumes were meant to impress viewers and restricted freedom of movement. The ballets were performed in large chambers with viewers on three sides, French court ballet reached its height under the reign of King Louis XIV. Known as the Sun King, Louis symbolized the brilliance of France, in 1661 Louis founded the Académie Royale de Danse to establish standards and certify dance instructors. In 1672, Louis XIV made Jean-Baptiste Lully the director of the Académie Royale de Musique from which the first professional ballet company, Lully is considered the most important composer of music for ballets de cour and instrumental to the development of the form. Ballet went into decline in France after 1830, though it continued to develop in Denmark, Italy, the arrival in Europe on the eve of First World War of the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, revived interest in the ballet and started the modern era. The Russian choreographer Michel Fokine challenged tradition and called for reforms that reinvigorated ballet as an art form, in the 20th century, ballet had a wide influence on other dance genres, and subgenres of ballet have also evolved. In the United States, choreographer George Balanchine developed what is now known as neoclassical ballet, other developments include contemporary ballet and post-structural ballet. Also in the century, ballet took a turn dividing it from classical ballet to the introduction of modern dance. Stylistic variations have emerged and evolved since the Italian Renaissance, early, classical variations are primarily associated with geographic origin
Ballet
–
Classical bell tutus in The Dance Class by
Degas, 1874
Ballet
–
Anna Pavlova in
Giselle, wearing a romantic tutu
Ballet
–
Scene from act 4 of
Swan Lake,
Vienna State Opera, 2004
Ballet
–
Harlequin and
Columbina from the mime theater at
Tivoli Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark
14.
Bob Marley
–
Robert Nesta Bob Marley, OM was a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim, blending mostly reggae, ska and rocksteady in his compositions. Starting out in 1963 with the group the Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting, the Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee Scratch Perry. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks and it included four UK hit singles, Exodus, Waiting in Vain, Jamming, and One Love. In 1978 he released the album Kaya, which included the hit singles Is This Love, diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma in 1977, Marley died on 11 May 1981 in Miami at age 36. He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality and he is credited with popularising reggae music around the world and served as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. Marley has also evolved into a symbol and inspired numerous items of merchandise. Bob Marley was born 6 February 1945 on the farm of his grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley. Norval Marley was a white Jamaican originally from Sussex, England, Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Royal Marines, at the time of his marriage to Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old, he was employed as a plantation overseer. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child but seldom saw them as he was often away, Bob Marley attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment area of Saint Ann. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of an attack at the age of 70. Marleys mother went on to marry Edward Booker, an American civil servant, the relationship brought Marley two American brothers, Richard and Anthony. Marley and Neville Livingston had been friends in Nine Mile. They had started to play together while at Stepney Primary. Marley left Nine Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trenchtown, Cedella Booker and Thadeus Livingston had a daughter together whom they named Claudette Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. The move to Trenchtown was proving to be fortuitous, and Marley soon found himself in a group with Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso. Joe Higgs, who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson, resided on 3rd St. and his singing partner Roy Wilson had been raised by the grandmother of Junior Braithwaite. Higgs and Wilson would rehearse at the back of the houses between 2nd and 3rd Streets, and it wasnt long before Marley, Junior Braithwaite and the others were congregating around this successful duo. Marley and the others didnt play any instruments at this time, in February 1962, Marley recorded four songs, Judge Not, One Cup of Coffee, Do You Still Love Me. and Terror, at Federal Studio for local music producer Leslie Kong
Bob Marley
–
Marley performing in 1980
Bob Marley
–
Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London.
Bob Marley
–
Bob Marley & The Wailers live at
Crystal Palace Park in south-east London, during the
Uprising Tour
Bob Marley
–
Marley in concert in 1980, Zurich, Switzerland
15.
Is This Love (Bob Marley song)
–
Is This Love is a song by Bob Marley and the Wailers, released on their 1978 album Kaya. The song became one of the best-known Marley songs and was part of the Legend compilation and it peaked at number 9 in the UK charts upon its release in 1978. A live rendition of the song can be found on the Babylon by Bus live album from Paris in 1978. A music video was produced, shot at the Keskidee Arts Centre in London, in the video, supermodel Naomi Campbell, then seven years old. The original multi-tracks of this song have made available in collectors circles. The song is played in the movies In the Name of the Father, Six Days Seven Nights, Lake Placid,50 First Dates, barbadian recording artist Rihanna covered the song during her first worldwide Good Girl Gone Bad Tour. The performance is included in her DVD album Good Girl Gone Bad Live, scott Matthews has the song as a bonus track on his album Elsewhere. The song is featured as the theme for the credits of Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball as well as its sequel. In 1980, it was covered by The Pat Travers Band on their Crash, in 1983, Carly Simon covered the song on her album Hello Big Man. In 2003, it was covered by Three Plus, a Hawaiian reggae music group, Three Pluss album 3+4 U, which featured the cover, won the 2003 Na Hoku Hanohano Award for Reggae Album of the Year. Their version of Is This Love is also featured on the 2010 compilation album Putamayo Presents, Tribute To A Reggae Legend, in 2006, it was covered by Karen Lane and Paul Malsom on their album Cant Help It, 33JAZZ141. In 2010, it was covered by Corinne Bailey Rae and released digitally as a single and this version won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance at 54th Grammy Awards. Bon Jovis song Lay Your Hands on Me opens with the lyrics youre ready, Im willing, Help me lay my cards down on the table, which bears a clear similarity to the lyrics of Is This Love. Allen Stone performs the Corinne Bailey Rae version of song on the tour of his self-titled album. Adam Lambert covered the song in a set in Sydney, Australia, in the summer of 2012. In June 2016, it was remixed by LVNDSCAPE and Leon Bolier, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Is This Love (Bob Marley song)
–
"Is This Love"
Is This Love (Bob Marley song)
–
Bob Marley's bed in Nine Mile, Jamaica which was the inspiration for "We'll share the shelter of my single bed" in the song "Is This Love".
16.
Culture Club
–
Culture Club are an English band that was formed in 1981. The band comprised Boy George, Roy Hay, Mikey Craig and they are considered one of the most representative and influential groups of the 1980s. Culture Club sold more than 50 million records worldwide, including 7 million records awards RIAA certificate in the United States, Boy Georges androgynous style of dressing caught the attention of the public and the media. The group, supporters of the pop genre, made numerous forays into reggae. Their second album, Colour by Numbers, sold more than 10 million copies worldwide and it appeared on Rolling Stone magazines list of the 100 Best Albums of the 1980s and is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Ten of their singles reached the US Top 40, where they are associated with the Second British Invasion of British new wave groups that became popular in the US due to the music channel MTV. Culture Clubs music combines Bnritish new wave and American soul with Jamaican reggae and also other styles such as calypso, salsa, in 1984, Culture Club won Brit Awards for Best British Group, Best British Single, and the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. They were nominated the year for the Grammy Award for Pop Vocal by Group or Duo. The band were nominated for a Canadian Juno Award for International Album of the Year. Time is included on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames list of 500 songs that shaped rock, in 1981, Blitz Club regular Boy George occasionally sang with the group Bow Wow Wow under the stage name Lieutenant Lush. After his tenure with the group ended, George decided to start his own band and enlisted bassist Mikey Craig, drummer Jon Moss, and finally guitarist Roy Hay. Realising they had an Irish gay man as the singer, a black Briton on bass, an Anglo-Saxon on guitar and keyboards. The group recorded demos, which were paid for by EMI Records, the band released two singles in May and June 1982, White Boy and Im Afraid of Me, though both failed to chart. In August the single Mystery Boy was released in Japan, in September of that year, the group released their third single, Do You Really Want to Hurt Me, a reggae-influenced number, which became one of their biggest hits. The song went to No.1 in the UK in late 1982 and became a smash, peaking at No.1 in over a dozen countries. The bands 1982 debut on Top of the Pops created tabloid headlines, magazines began to feature George prominently on their covers. The bands debut album, Kissing to Be Clever was released in October 1982, Ill Tumble 4 Ya also became a Top Ten hit in the US and in Canada. This gave Culture Club the distinction of being the first group since The Beatles to have three Top Ten hits in America from a debut album
Culture Club
–
Culture Club
17.
Covent Garden
–
Covent Garden is a district in London on the eastern fringes of the West End, between St Martins Lane and Drury Lane. It is associated with the former fruit-and-vegetable market in the square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and with the Royal Opera House. The area was settled in the 7th century when it became the heart of the Anglo-Saxon trading town of Lundenwic. By 1200 part of it had been walled off by Westminster Abbey for use as arable land, referred to as the garden of the Abbey and Convent, and later the Covent Garden, it was seized by Henry VIII and granted to the Earls of Bedford in 1552. The 4th Earl commissioned Inigo Jones to build fine houses to attract wealthy tenants. Jones designed the Italianate arcaded square along with the church of St Pauls, the design of the square was new to London and had a significant influence on modern town planning, acting as the prototype for new estates as London grew. By 1654 a small open-air fruit-and-vegetable market had developed on the side of the fashionable square. Gradually, both the market and the area fell into disrepute, as taverns, theatres, coffee-houses. By the 18th century it had become a well-known red-light district, an Act of Parliament was drawn up to control the area, and Charles Fowlers neo-classical building was erected in 1830 to cover and help organise the market. The market grew and further buildings were added, the Floral Hall, Charter Market, by the end of the 1960s traffic congestion was causing problems, and in 1974 the market relocated to the New Covent Garden Market about three miles south-west at Nine Elms. With the postcode WC2, Covent Garden falls within the London boroughs of Westminster and Camden, the area has been served by the Piccadilly line at Covent Garden tube station since 1907, the journey from Leicester Square, at 300 yards, is the shortest in London. What would become the Strand on the boundary of the future Covent Garden was used during the Roman period as part of a route to Silchester. Excavations in 2006 at St Martin-in-the-Fields revealed a late Roman grave and these revealed Covent Garden as the centre of a trading town called Lundenwic, developed around 600 AD, which stretched from Trafalgar Square to Aldwych. Alfred the Great gradually shifted the settlement into the old Roman town of Londinium from around 886 AD onwards, leaving no mark of the old town, a document from 1200 AD mentions a walled garden owned by the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of St Peter, Westminster. A later document, dated between 1250 and 1283, refers to the garden of the Abbot and Convent of Westminster. By the 13th century this had become a 40-acre quadrangle of mixed orchard, meadow, pasture and arable land and this is how it was recorded from then on. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540, Henry VIII took the land belonging to Westminster Abbey for himself and his son, Edward VI, granted it to John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford, in 1552. The Russell family, who in 1694 were advanced in their peerage from Earl to Duke of Bedford, held the land until 1918
Covent Garden
–
The interior of the former vegetable market
Covent Garden
–
Covent Garden on the
"Woodcut" map of the 1560s, with surrounding wall marked in green.
Covent Garden
–
The
Earl of Bedford was given Covent Garden in 1552.
Covent Garden
–
Plan of Covent Garden in 1690.
18.
ELLE
–
Elle is a worldwide lifestyle magazine of French origin that focuses on fashion, beauty, health, and entertainment. Elle is also the worlds best-selling fashion magazine and it was founded by Pierre Lazareff and his wife Hélène Gordon in 1945. The title, in French, means she or her, Elle was founded in France in 1945. In the 1960s, it was considered to not so much reflect fashion as decree it, with 800,000 loyal readers, in 1981, Daniel Filipacchi and Jean-Luc Lagardère purchased Hachette magazines, which included the then-struggling Elle. Elle was then launched in the U. S, the Chinese version of the magazine was published in 1988, and is the only edition which is published twice monthly. In 2007 the website of Elle was launched, among its past editors is Jean-Dominique Bauby, who became known for writing a book after suffering almost total paralysis. Elle is the worlds largest fashion magazine, with 43 international editions in over 60 countries, technologically speaking, the Elle brand is a global network encompassing over 33 websites. Subscriptions account for 73 percent of readers, there are 33 Elle websites globally, which collectively attract over 25 million unique visitors and 370 million page views per month. The magazine reaches over 69 million readers, the vast majority of Elles audience are women between the ages of 18 and 49. Its readers have an age of 34.7 years. Forty percent of the readers are single, and the household income is $69,973. Our readers are young enough to think about life as an adventure and old enough to have the means to live it, said Roberta Myers, the first international edition of Elle was launched in Japan in 1969. Then, its U. S. and UK editions were launched in 1985, next year, the magazine was first published in Spain. In 1987, Elle began to be published in Hong Kong, in 1988, the magazine was launched in six countries, namely Germany, Brazil, China, Sweden, Greece and Portugal. Next year it was first published in the Netherlands and Quebec, in 1990, the magazine was started in Australia and Taiwan. Its Russian edition, published monthly, was launched in 1996, Elle is owned by the Lagardère Group of France. It is published in the U. S, in China, the publisher is Shanghai Translation Publishing House. And in India its owned and published by Ogaan Publications Pvt, in December 2013, Elle hired Randy Minor as design director
ELLE
–
Kate Upton on the cover of Elle U.S.
19.
Gianni Versace
–
Gianni Versace was an Italian fashion designer and founder of Versace, an international fashion house, which produces accessories, fragrances, make-up, and home furnishings as well as clothes. He also designed costumes for the theatre and films. As a friend of Eric Clapton, Diana, Princess of Wales, Naomi Campbell, Madonna, Elton John, Cher, Sting, openly homosexual, Versace and his partner Antonio DAmico were regulars on the international party scene. Versace was murdered outside his Miami Beach home, the former Casa Casuarina now known as The Villa, an older sister died at age twelve due to an improperly treated tetanus infection. He was strongly influenced by ancient Greek history, which dominates the landscape of his birthplace. He attended Liceo Classico Tommaso Campanella, where he studied Latin and he was also influenced by Andy Warhol. Versace began his apprenticeship at an age at his mothers sewing business. He studied architecture before moving to Milan at the age of 26 to work in fashion design, in 1973 he became the designer of Byblos, a successful Gennys youthful line, and in 1977 he designed another more experimental line for Genny, Complice. A few years later, encouraged by his success, Versace presented his first signature collection for women at the Palazzo della Permanente Art Museum of Milan and his first fashion show followed in September of the same year. After presenting his collection, he joined Jorge Saud. The first boutique was opened in Milans Via della Spiga in 1978, Versace met his partner Antonio DAmico, a model, in 1982. Their relationship lasted until Versaces murder, before his death, Versace was diagnosed with cancer of the ear. During that time, DAmico worked as a designer for the company, becoming head designer for Istante, Versaces will left DAmico with a lifelong pension of 50 million lire per month, and the right to live in any of Versaces homes in Italy and the United States. However, due to Versace familys interference he only obtained a fraction of these allowances, DAmico now runs his own fashion company. Before the death of Gianni he told his family he wanted to supply the Egbers family with Versace clothing, Versace was known for doting upon his nieces and nephews, Santos two children, Francesca and Antonio, and Donatellas two children, Allegra and Daniel. Versace was shot dead on 15 July 1997, aged 50, usually, Versace would have an assistant from his home walk to the coffee shop to receive his morning papers, but on this morning he was in high spirits and took the chore upon himself. He was murdered by Andrew Cunanan, who used the gun to commit suicide on a boat eight days later. Police have said they do not know why Versace was killed, I dont know that we are ever going to know the answers, said Miami Beach Police Chief Richard Barreto
Gianni Versace
–
Versace in 1982
Gianni Versace
–
Versace's Miami Beach mansion (
Casa Casuarina) 2009
20.
Peter Lindbergh
–
Peter Lindbergh is a German photographer and film director. Lindbergh is known for his cinematic images, Lindbergh was born on November 23,1944 in Leszno, Poland. He spent his childhood in Duisburg, as a teenager, he worked as window dresser for the Karstadt and Horten department stores in Duisburg. Coming from a part of Germany close to the Dutch border, North Rhine-Westphalia, the vast beaches and the industrial settings of his hometown Duisburg, have influenced his work strongly over the years. In the early 1960s, he moved to Lucerne and months later to Berlin where he enrolled in the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts and he hitchhiked to Arles in the footsteps of his idol, Vincent van Gogh. Lindbergh remembers these years, I preferred actively seeking out van Gogh’s inspirations, my idol, rather than painting the mandatory portraits, after several months in Arles, he continued through to Spain and Morocco, a journey that took him two years. Returning to Germany, he studied Abstract Art at the College of Art in Krefeld, influenced by Joseph Kosuth and the Conceptual art movement, he was invited in 1969, before graduating, to present his work at the avant-garde Galerie Denise René. These works were exhibited in the Objets ludiques exhibition at the Tinguely Museum in Basel in 2014, after moving to Düsseldorf in 1971, he turned his attention to photography and worked for two years assisting German photographer Hans Lux, before opening his own studio in 1973. Becoming well known in his country, he joined the Stern magazine family along with photographers Helmut Newton, Guy Bourdin. He changed the standards of photography in times of excessive retouching, in considering there to be something else that makes a person interesting. In 2014 he said that This should be the responsibility of photographers today to free women, in 2016, Lindbergh declared that A fashion photographer should contribute to defining the image of the contemporary woman or man in their time, to reflect a certain social or human reality. How surrealistic is today’s commercial agenda to retouch all signs of life and of experience and he photographs his subjects in their natural state, with hardly any make-up. In 1988, Lindbergh gained international acclaim by showing a new generation of models all dressed in white shirts that he had discovered and launched their careers. In a 2008 interview with art historian Charlotte Cotton, he explained that, every time I tried to shoot them in colour, because their beauty was close to perfection, it ended up looking like a bad cosmetics advert. With black and white, you can see who they are. It toned down the commercial interpretation that colour gives, what’s so striking about black and white is how it really helps a sense of reality to come through. Lindberghs first book,10 Women, sold more than 100,000 copies as of 2008 and he twice photographed the Pirelli calendar, in 1996 and 2002. Lindbergh is the first photographer in the history of the Pirelli calendar to be invited to photograph it for a third time
Peter Lindbergh
21.
Herb Ritts
–
Herbert Herb Ritts Jr. was an American fashion photographer who concentrated on black-and-white photography and portraits, often in the style of classical Greek sculpture. Born in Los Angeles, to a Jewish family, Ritts began his working in the family furniture business. His father, Herb Ritts Sr. was a businessman, while his mother and he moved to the East Coast to attend Bard College in New York, where he majored in economics and art history. Later, while living in Los Angeles, he interested in photography when he and friend Richard Gere, then an aspiring actor. The picture gained Ritts some coverage and he began to be serious about photography. He photographed Brooke Shields for the cover of the Oct.12,1981 edition of Elle, five years later, he would replicate that cover pose with Madonna for her 1986 release True Blue. During the 1980s and 1990s, Ritts photographed celebrities and he also worked for Interview, Esquire, Mademoiselle, Glamour, GQ, Newsweek, Harpers Bazaar, Rolling Stone, Time, Vogue, Allure, Vanity Fair, Details, and Elle. The first video he directed was Madonna in Cherish in 1989, in 1991, he won two MTV Video Awards for his work on music videos by Janet Jackson and Chris Isaak. Ritts also directed the video for Michael Jacksons In the Closet. On December 26,2002, Ritts died of complications from pneumonia at the age of 50, according to Ritts publicist, Herb was HIV-positive, but this particular pneumonia was not PCP, a common opportunistic infection of AIDS. But at the end of the day, his system was compromised. State of the Arts Art vs. A, style, Getty Publications,2012 Herb Ritts, The Rock Portraits, Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, VA, June 24 – September 18,2016. November 25,2016 – January 29,2017, Herb Ritts, Super II, Hamiltons Gallery, London. January 30 – March 10,2017, official website Herb Ritts on artnet Monographs Herb Ritts at the Internet Movie Database Herb Ritts at Find a Grave Staley Wise Gallery, Herb Ritts collection
Herb Ritts
–
Herb Ritts
22.
Bruce Weber (photographer)
–
Bruce Weber is an American fashion photographer and occasional filmmaker. Webers fashion photography first appeared in the late 1970s in GQ magazine, Nan Bush, his longtime companion and agent, was able to secure a contract with Federated Department Stores to shoot the 1978 Bloomingdales mail catalog. He came to the attention of the public in the late 1980s and early 1990s with his advertising images for Calvin Klein. His photograph for Calvin Klein of Olympic athlete Tom Hintnaus in white briefs is an iconic image and he photographed the winter 2006 Ralph Lauren Collection. Some of Webers other earliest fashion photography appeared in the SoHo Weekly News, the photos became the center of controversy and Weber was told by some that he would never find work as a fashion photographer again. This reputation stuck with him, as he says, I don’t really work editorially in a number of magazines because a lot of magazines don’t want my kind of photographs. After doing photo shoots for and of people, Weber made short films of teenage boxers, his beloved pet dogs, and later. He directed Lets Get Lost, a 1988 documentary about jazz trumpeter Chet Baker, Webers photographs are occasionally in color, however, most are in black and white or toned shades. They are gathered in limited edition books, including A House is Not a Home and Bear Pond, Weber began collaborating with crooner Chris Isaak in the mid-1980s, photographing Isaak in 1986 for his second album, Chris Isaak. In 1988, Weber photographed a shirtless Isaak in bed for a spread in Rolling Stone. Isaak appeared in Lets Get Lost and Weber has directed a video for Isaak. Weber photographed Harry Connick, Jr. for his 1991 album Blue Light, in 1993, Weber photographed singer-songwriter Jackson Browne for his 1993 album Im Alive. Weber is married to Nan Bush, with whom he sometimes collaborates and he has lived in Miami since 1998. Weber created the fashion label Weberbilt in 2003, his first line, eat, swim, sex, sleep, went on sale in boutiques in London and Miami Beach, Florida, in 1990, Weber directed the music video for the Pet Shop Boys single Being Boring. He filmed a party with a group of models. The video was filmed in one day by two crews in a house on Long Island. Content including male and female nudity prevented the video from being played on MTV in the United States, in 1996 he directed the video for the Pet Shop Boys single Se a vida é on location in a Wet n Wild, a water park near Orlando, Florida. In 2002, he directed a Pet Shop Boys video
Bruce Weber (photographer)
–
Weber in September 2011
Bruce Weber (photographer)
–
A Weber photograph in the background on display at an
Abercrombie and Fitch store
Bruce Weber (photographer)
–
Bruce Weber at Condé Nast publishing house in Milan, photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto
Bruce Weber (photographer)
–
Brands
23.
Christy Turlington
–
Christy Nicole Turlington Burns is an American supermodel. She first represented Calvin Kleins Eternity campaign in 1989 and again in 2014, Turlington was named one of Glamours Women of the Year in 2013, and was named as one of Times 100 Most Influential People of 2014. Turlington gained fame in the late 80s and early 90s as a supermodel and was during the peak of her career a top designer favourite and she, Naomi Campbell and Linda Evangelista are called the Trinity because of the power and fame that all three gained. In 2010, Turlington founded Every Mother Counts, a non-profit 501 organization dedicated to making pregnancy, Every Mother Counts informs, engages, and mobilizes new audiences to take actions and raise funds that support maternal health programs around the world. It was founded after the completion of Turlingtons documentary, No Woman, No Cry, a film about pregnant women and their caregivers in Tanzania, Bangladesh, Guatemala, and the United States. She was discovered by local photographer Dennie Cody while she was riding a horse in Miami, Florida, Turlington began modeling after school from age 14 to 16 and during summers while she attended Monte Vista High School. After turning 18, she moved to New York City to model full-time and she continued her studies at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. During the 1990s, she appeared in Unzipped, a documentary about fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi, additionally, she was featured in Catwalk, a documentary about her life on the fashion runways by director Robert Leacock. She was presented on the November 1999 Millennium cover of American Vogue as one of the Modern Muses. Turlington graced the cover of international fashion magazines across the globe, including Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, Elle, Marie Claire, LOfficiel, Tatler, Glamour, Cosmopolitan. She also appeared in two music videos, fellow model Yasmin Le Bon got her husband Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran to feature Turlington in their Notorious video in 1986, at the age of 17. In 1990, singer George Michael drew inspiration from Peter Lindberghs January 1990 British Vogue cover for his Freedom, the video featured all top 5 female models along with their top 5 male counterparts, lip-syncing the song. The video was shown during George Michaels 2008 concert tour while he sang and she was added on as the fourth model investor, after Elle Macpherson, Naomi Campbell and Claudia Schiffer of the now defunct Fashion Cafes. In 1993 she posed nude for PETAs anti-fur campaign, in honor of Turlingtons fortieth birthday, W magazine put together a collection of notable images from her career, from runway shots from the late eighties to today. In 2008, casting agent James Scully said in regards to Turlington, Turlington was one of the faces to land in one of the fourteen covers of V magazine September 2008 issue. Each cover boasts a head shot of a model, either from the new crop of leading models or the supermodel era, it was lensed by duo Inez van Lamsweerde. She featured in the Bally spring/summer 2009 campaign alongside Oriol Elcacho and she has contributed writings to Marie Claire, Yoga Journal, and Teen Vogue along with contributions to the Huffington Post, Canada’s Globe and Mail, and the UK’s Evening Standard. In 2005 Turlington began working with the humanitarian organization CARE and has since become their Advocate for Maternal Health
Christy Turlington
–
Turlington in 2008
Christy Turlington
–
Christy Turlington posing for PETA. The series of ads triggered criticism from feminist animal rights advocates.
Christy Turlington
–
Christy Turlington and husband Edward Burns
24.
Linda Evangelista
–
Linda Evangelista is a Canadian model. She is regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential models of all time, Evangelista is primarily known for being the longtime muse of photographer Steven Meisel, as well as for coining the phrase We dont wake up for less than $10,000 a day. She holds the record for her appearances on the cover of Vogue Italia. Evangelistas modeling career began in 1984 when she signed with Elite Model Management after having moved from her native Canada to New York City, upon the suggestion of photographer Peter Lindbergh, Evangelista had her hair cut short in 1988. The haircut, nicknamed The Linda, not only sparked many copies worldwide, unlike her colleagues, she chose not to diversify into other ventures outside of modeling. She retired from her career in 1998 and made a three years later, this time working only sporadically. Her achievements as a model led to her being voted as The Greatest Supermodel of All Time by the viewers of the television show Fashion File in 2008, Evangelista was born in 1965 to Italian parents who had emigrated to Canada. Her father, Tomaso, worked for General Motors, and died on January 17,2014 and her mother, Marisa, was a bookkeeper. Evangelista attended a self-improvement school at the age of 12, where she was taught things such as poise and etiquette, as a teenager, Evangelista started modeling locally in her hometown. In 1981, she took part in the Miss Teen Niagara beauty pageant, and while she did not win the pageant, her presence caught the eye of a representative from Elite Model Management. At the age of 16, she flew to Japan to model there and she returned home to Canada, and two years went by before she decided to try her hand again at modeling. Evangelista moved to New York City in 1984 upon signing with Elite, where she met the prominent modeling agent John Casablancas, Elite then moved Evangelista to Paris, France, where she launched her international high-fashion career at the age of 19. Her first major magazine cover was for the November 1984 issue of LOfficiel. All amounting to a total of more than 700 covers worldwide, in 1985, she began working with Karl Lagerfeld, the head designer of the fashion house Chanel, to whom she would become a muse. On the subject of Evangelista, Lagerfeld once uttered, There is not another model in the world as professional as she is, incidentally, Evangelista became one of the first editorial models to successfully cross over into the realm of runway modeling. She also became a muse to the fashion designer Gianni Versace. And, she has represented a diverse array of companies and non-fashion brands like Visa, American Express, Pizza Hut, De Beers. In 1986, Evangelista met the photographer Steven Meisel, with whom she forged a friendship, from that point on, they began working together on many professional collaborations, and Evangelista became Meisels muse in the process
Linda Evangelista
–
Linda Evangelista, August 12, 2004.
Linda Evangelista
–
Evangelista's star on Canada's Walk of Fame
25.
Racial discrimination
–
Racism is discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity. Today, the use of the term racism does not easily fall under a single definition, the Holocaust is the classic example of institutionalized racism which led to the death of millions of people based on their race. Ethnicity is often used in a close to one traditionally attributed to race. Therefore, racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, according to a United Nations convention on racial discrimination, there is no distinction between the terms racial and ethnic discrimination. Racist ideology can become manifest in many aspects of social life, Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices. Associated social actions may include nativism, xenophobia, otherness, segregation, hierarchical ranking, supremacism, in the 19th century, many scientists subscribed to the belief that the human population can be divided into races. The term racism is a noun describing the state of being racist, the origin of the root word race is not clear. Linguists generally agree that it came to the English language from Middle French, a recent proposal is that it derives from the Arabic ras, which means head, beginning, origin or the Hebrew rosh, which has a similar meaning. Early race theorists generally held that some races were inferior to others and these early theories guided pseudo-scientific research assumptions, the collective endeavors to adequately define and form hypotheses about racial differences are generally termed scientific racism. To date, there is evidence in human genome research indicating that race can be defined in such a way as to be useful in a genetic classification of humans. An entry in the Oxford English Dictionary defines racialism simply as An earlier term than racism, but now superseded by it. The revised Oxford English Dictionary cites the shortened term racism in a quote from the year,1903. It was first defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as he theory that human characteristics and abilities are determined by race. Additionally, the Oxford English Dictionary records racism as a synonym of racialism, as its history indicates, popular use of the word racism is relatively recent. The word came into usage in the Western world in the 1930s, when it was used to describe the social and political ideology of Nazism. It is commonly agreed that racism existed before the coinage of the word, garner summarizes different existing definitions of racism and identifies three common elements contained in those definitions of racism. First, a historical, hierarchical power relationship between groups, second, a set of ideas about racial differences, and, third, the UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. They are born equal in dignity and rights and all form a part of humanity
Racial discrimination
–
A rally against
school integration in 1959.
Racial discrimination
–
1902 use of the word "racism".
Racial discrimination
–
Students protesting against
racial quotas in
Brazil. The sign reads: "Want vacancy? Pass the
entry exam!"
Racial discrimination
–
Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses, Germany, 1933
26.
Vogue (British magazine)
–
The British edition of the fashion magazine Vogue has been published since autumn 1916. Its current editor stated that, “Vogue’s power is universally acknowledged, it’s the place everybody wants to be if they want to be in the world of fashion and 85% of the magazine’s readers agree that “Vogue is the Fashion Bible”. The magazine is considered to be one that links fashion to high society and class, teaching its readers how to ‘assume a distinctively chic, as a branch-off of American Vogue, British Vogue is a magazine whose success is based upon its advertising rather than its sales revenue. In 2007, it ran 2,020 pages of advertising at an average of £16,000 a page and it is deemed to be more commercial than other editions of Vogue. British Vogue is the most profitable British magazine as well as the most profitable edition of Vogue besides the US, during the First World War, Condé Nast, Vogue’s publisher, had to deal with restrictions on overseas shipping as well as paper shortages in America. The British edition of Vogue was the answer to this problem, under the London editions first editor, Elspeth Champcommunal, the magazine was essentially the same as the American edition, except for its British English spellings. However, Champcommunal thought it important that Vogue be more than a fashion magazine and it featured articles on ‘society and sporting news… Health and beauty advice… travelogues… and editorials’, making it a skillfully mixed cocktail. Champcommunal held her position until 1922. There were also features from noted English writers such as Virginia Woolf. Due to Todds changes, the magazine lost much of its audience, British Vogue is not believed to have really taken off until after its third editor, Alison Settle, was appointed in 1926. Under Audrey Withers, the magazine took a literary direction. British Vogue’s current editor-in-chief is Alexandra Shulman, who took the reins in 1992, during her time as editor, the magazine has drawn more than a million readers. Shulman is especially known for developing collector’s issues of British Vogue, such as the ‘Gold Millennium Issue’ where celebrities, Shulman is also praised for her use of up and coming photographers like Mario Testino. The editor has also known for her attempt to change the face of fashion. She has pushed designers to stop using size-zero models, Shulman stated that super-skinny models are no longer acceptable, receiving positive notes from women all over the world. Today, British Vogue has become quite modernised, on the magazine’s website there are more than 25 fashion blogs on beauty, fashion, and culture. You can also find VogueTV which features recent fashion videos from catwalks to interviews with models, though the magazine doesn’t face as much criticism as American Vogue, the UK edition does have its moments. Vogue editor Alexandra Shulman joined the debate, making a statement to the Daily Mail that she doesnt think fashion is institutionally racist in the slightest
Vogue (British magazine)
–
Kate Moss on the March 2008 cover of Vogue UK
27.
Vogue Paris
–
The French edition of Vogue magazine, Vogue Paris, is a fashion magazine that has been published since 1920. The French edition of Vogue was first issued on 15 June 1920, more information about French Vogue in the 1920s is available in Mary E. Daviss book Classic Chic, Music, Fashion, and Modernism. Michel de Brunhoff was the magazines editor-in-chief from 1929 until 1954, edmonde Charles-Roux, who had previously worked at Elle and France-Soir, became the magazine’s editor-in-chief in 1954. In August 1956, the magazine issued a special ready-to-wear issue and she left Vogue in 1966, as the result of a conflict for wanting to place a black woman on the cover of the magazine. When later asked about her departure, Charles-Roux refused to confirm or deny this account, francine Crescent, whose editorship would later be described as prescient, daring, and courageous, took the helm of French Vogue in 1968. Under her leadership, the became the global leader in fashion photography. Crescent gave Helmut Newton and Guy Bourdin, the two most influential photographers, complete creative control over their work. At times, Bourdins work was so scandalous that Crescent laid her job on the line to preserve his artistic independence. The two photographers greatly influenced the image of womanhood and were among the first to realize the importance of image, as opposed to product. By the late 1980s, however, Newton and Bourdins star power had faded, colombe Pringle replaced Crescent as the magazines editor-in-chief in 1987. Under Pringle’s watch, the magazine recruited new photographers such as Peter Lindbergh and Steven Meisel, even still, the magazine struggled, remaining dull and heavily reliant on foreign stories. When Pringle left the magazine in 1994, word spread that her resignation had been forced, joan Juliet Buck, an American, was named Pringles successor effective 1 June 1994. Her selection was described by The New York Times as an indication that Conde Nast intended to modernize the magazine, Bucks first two years as editor-in-chief were extremely controversial, many employees resigned or were fired, including the magazines publishing director and most of its top editors. Though rumors circulated in 1996 that the magazine was on the verge of a shutdown, Buck persevered, during her editorship, the magazine’s circulation ultimately increased 40 percent. Buck remade the magazine in her own image, tripling the amount of text in the magazine and devoting special issues to art, music, literature. Juliet Buck announced her decision to leave the magazine in December 2000, the Sydney Morning Herald later compared her departure, which took place during Milans fashion week, to the firing of a football coach during a championship game. Carine Roitfeld, who had been the creative director, was named as Bucks successor the next April. Roitfeld aimed to restore the place as a leader in fashion journalism
Vogue Paris
–
Gisele Bündchen on the cover of Vogue Paris, October 2007
Vogue Paris
–
Front cover of Vogue magazine – April 1922
28.
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
–
Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, known as Yves Saint Laurent, was a French fashion designer, regarded as one of the greatest names in fashion history. He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period and he approached fashion in a different perspective by wanting women to look comfortable yet elegant at the same time. He is also credited with having introduced the suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references. Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent was born on 1 August 1936, in Oran, French Algeria, to Charles and he grew up in a villa by the Mediterranean with his two younger sisters, Michèle and Brigitte. Yves liked to create intricate paper dolls, and by his teen years he was designing dresses for his mother. At the age of 17, Saint Laurent moved to Paris and enrolled at the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, Michel De Brunhoff, the editor of French Vogue, introduced Saint Laurent to designer Christian Dior, a giant in the fashion world. Dior fascinated me, Saint Laurent later recalled, I couldnt speak in front of him. He taught me the basis of my art, whatever was to happen next, I never forgot the years I spent at by his side. Under Diors tutelage, Saint Laurents style continued to mature and gain more notice. In 1953, Saint Laurent submitted three sketches to a contest for young fashion designers organised by the International Wool Secretariat, subsequently, he was invited to attend the awards ceremony held in Paris in December of that same year. During his stay in Paris, Saint Laurent met Michel de Brunhoff, De Brunhoff, known by some as a considerate person who encouraged new talent, was impressed by the sketches Saint Laurent brought with him and suggested he become a fashion designer. Saint Laurent would eventually consider a course of study at the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, Saint Laurent followed his advice and, leaving Oran for Paris after graduation, began his studies there and eventually graduated as a star pupil. Later that same year, he entered the International Wool Secretariat competition again and won, beating out his friend Fernando Sánchez and young German student Karl Lagerfeld. Shortly after his win, he brought a number of sketches to de Brunhoff who recognized close similarities to sketches he had shown that morning by Christian Dior. Knowing that Dior had created the sketches that morning and that the man could not have seen them, de Brunhoff sent him to Dior. Although Dior recognised his talent immediately, Saint Laurent spent his first year at the House of Dior on mundane tasks, such as decorating the studio and designing accessories. Eventually, however, he was allowed to submit sketches for the collection, with every passing season. In August 1957, Dior met with Saint Laurents mother to tell her that he had chosen Saint Laurent to succeed him as designer and his mother later said that she had been confused by the remark, as Dior was only 52 years old at the time
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
–
Saint Laurent with Gilles Bernard the Proscénium Gallery
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
–
Yves Saint Laurent trapeze dress for Dior, 1958.
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
–
Dresses from the Mondrian collection, 1965
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
–
Yves Saint Laurent
haute couture knitted wedding dress, 1965
29.
Vogue (magazine)
–
Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
Vogue (magazine)
–
The January 2010 issue of Vogue USA, featuring
Rachel McAdams.
Vogue (magazine)
–
Cover of the May 1917 issue. (American Vogue)
Vogue (magazine)
–
Models
Toni Garrn and brother Niklas Garrn wearing
Google Glass during the 2013 September issue fashion photo shoot in
Ransom Canyon, Texas (25 June 2013).
Vogue (magazine)
–
Vogue Brasil/Brazil cover with
Madonna photographed by
Steven Klein; Vogue France/Paris cover with
Penélope Cruz,
Meryl Streep,
Julianne Moore,
Gwyneth Paltrow,
Kate Winslet and
Naomi Watts in a special edition by Penélope Cruz.
30.
Interview (magazine)
–
Interview is an American magazine founded in late 1969 by artist Andy Warhol and British journalist John Wilcock. The magazine, nicknamed The Crystal Ball of Pop, features conversations between some of the worlds biggest celebrities, artists, musicians, and creative thinkers. Interviews are usually unedited or edited in the fashion of Warhols books and The Philosophy of Andy Warhol, From A to B. In the early days, complimentary copies of Interview were often given away to the in-crowd, toward the end of his life, as Warhol withdrew from everyday oversight of his magazine, a more conventional editorial style was introduced under editor Bob Colacello. The creative covers of Interview which gave the magazine its signature style were done by artist Richard Bernstein from 1972, the magazines format has remained consistent at 60% features and 40% glossy advertising. It has been published by Brant Publications, Inc since shortly after Warhols death in 1987, for a year and a half the magazine was in flux, edited by Christopher Bollen. Interview relaunched under co-editorial directors Fabien Baron and Glenn OBrien in September 2008, Stephen Mooallem and Christopher Bollen served as the working editor-in-chief and editor-at-large, respectively. The publications content can be online and via an app, Other Edition. As of 2017, Fabien Baron is editorial director, Karl Templer is creative director, in December 2013, Stephen Mooallem left Interview to join Harper’s Bazaar as its executive editor. Keith Pollock served as editor-in-chief from 2014 to 2016, the magazine is featured in The CWs television series The Carrie Diaries, a prequel to HBOs Sex and the City. The protagonist, played by actress AnnaSophia Robb, vicariously explores New York City through the fashion editor of Interview
Interview (magazine)
–
Interview
Interview (magazine)
–
Covers displayed in the
Andy Warhol Museum.
