1.
Maryhill, Washington
–
Maryhill is a census-designated place in Klickitat County, Washington, United States. The population was 98 at the 2000 census, Maryhill is named after the wife and daughter of regional icon Sam Hill, who purchased land and envisioned a community there shortly after the turn of the 20th century. Earlier the area was known as Columbia or Columbus, born a Quaker, Hill hoped to attract a Quaker community to eastern Washington. His plans never materialized, and the buildings he constructed burned down several years later. Hill intended the Stonehenge replica to express that modern warfare was a form of human sacrifice. Maryhill is located at 45°41′8″N 120°49′2″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 98 people,40 households, the population density was 35.0 people per square mile. There were 49 housing units at a density of 17. 5/sq mi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 77. 55% White,9. 18% African American,2. 04% Native American,1. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 02% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 9. 18% of the population. 22. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.92. In the CDP, the population was out with 22. 4% under the age of 18,4. 1% from 18 to 24,27. 6% from 25 to 44,29. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 113.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 123.5 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $37,250, and the median income for a family was $48,529. Males had an income of $36,103 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,939, none of the population or families were below the poverty line. Stonehenge replicas and derivatives Maryhill State Park Tuhy, John E. Sam Hill, The Prince of Castle Nowhere, Portland, Oregon, Timber Press, ISBN 0-917304-77-2
Maryhill, Washington
–
Maryhill from the
Stonehenge replica
Maryhill, Washington
–
Location of Maryhill in Klickitat County, Washington
Maryhill, Washington
–
Maryhill Stonehenge
2.
Jamestown, New York
–
Jamestown is a city in southern Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. The population was 31,146 at the 2010 census, situated between Lake Erie to the northwest and the Allegheny National Forest to the south, Jamestown is the largest population center in the county. Nearby Chautauqua Lake is a water resource enjoyed by fishermen, boaters. Chautauqua Institution is approximately 17 miles away, offering music, theater, products developed in Jamestown include the crescent wrench and automatic voting machines. Jamestown is named after James Prendergast, an early Chautauqua County settler and his family purchased 3,500 acres in 1806, in the area now known as Chautauqua County. James Prendergast explored the area that is now Jamestown, Prendergast saw the area to be valuable, and so he purchased 1,000 acres of land in the area in 1808. In the fall of 1809, Prendergast and an employee, John Blowers built a log cabin, another log cabin as well as mills and a dam were built on the Chadakoin River later on. In 1855, Nightwatch was created for the purpose of looking out for fires, Jamestown was incorporated into a village in 1827 and incorporated into a city on April 19,1886. Oscar F. Price was elected as the first mayor of the city on April 13,1886, James Murray was appointed to be the first Chief of Police and would lead a force of six police officers. In 1887, Jamestown Electric Light and Power Company, Art Metal, in 1888, Jamestown Woolen Spinning Co. established, cornerstone of Holy Trinity Lutheran Church laid. In 1889, the American Aristotype Co. was established, the first electric trolley car in Jamestown made its appearance in 1890. In 1891, a fire destroyed the Old Homestead Hotel at Third and Pine Streets, James Prendergast Library and the Municipal Light Plant were established the same year. In 1892, Chautauqua Worsted mills was formed, in 1893, Jamestown Veneer Works was started by Nathan Wilson and Jamestowns first ice cream company started making Collins Ice Cream. In 1895, the cornerstone of City Hall was laid and the City Council decided to lay no more wooden sidewalks, eleazer Green is elected mayor the same year. In 1896, Empire Worsted Mills was formed, in 1898, Chautauqua Towel Mills was opened. In 1899, Henry H. Cooper was elected mayor, in 1900, Tinkham Brothers established their business, the Furniture Index was published, and the Hall Textile Corporation was formed. In 1903, Jamestown purchased a system and the J. P. Danielson Tool Co. was organized. In 1906, James L. Weeks was elected mayor, in 1907, the Crescent Tool Company was started by Karl Peterson and Charles F. Falldine
Jamestown, New York
–
Downtown Jamestown, view from Washington Street.
Jamestown, New York
–
Erie Railroad Station, 1909 postcard
Jamestown, New York
–
James Prendergast, Founder of Jamestown
Jamestown, New York
–
Prendergast Library, postcard circa 1901–1907
3.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
Alternative rock
–
One of the first popular alternative rock bands,
R.E.M. relied on
college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.
Alternative rock
–
Kim Gordon and
Thurston Moore of
Sonic Youth
Alternative rock
–
Robert Smith of
The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative,
gothic rock, and
college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".
Alternative rock
–
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and
Krist Novoselic with
Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.
4.
Pop music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop music
–
The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop music
–
According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop music
5.
Folk music
–
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
Folk music
–
Béla Bartók recording Slovak peasant singers in 1908
Folk music
–
Indians always distinguished between classical and folk music, though in the past even classical Indian music used to rely on the unwritten transmission of repertoire.
Folk music
–
Armenian traditional musicians
Folk music
–
Assyrians playing
zurna and
Davul, the typically used instruments for their folk music.
6.
Elektra Records
–
Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of folk music. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMGs Atlantic Records Group, after five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. The label has been run by Gregg Nadel since 2015 who officially became its president in 2017, Elektra was formed in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt in Holzmans St. Johns College dorm room. The usual spelling of the Greek mythological Pleiad Electra was changed, Holzman famously explained, I gave her the ‘K’ that I lacked. He found the C in the name too soft but liked the solid bite of the letter K. The first Elektra LP, New Songs, was a collection of Lieder and similar art songs, Holzman also recorded Josh White, who was without a record deal as a result of McCarthyite blacklisting. In 1964, Elektra launched Nonesuch Records and this classical budget label was the best-selling budget classical label of the era. In 1965, Elektra began a joint venture with Survey Music called Bounty Records which was Elektras first foray into pop music. The most notable signing for Bounty was the Paul Butterfield Band who was moved over to Elektra when Bounty folded, the labels most important signings were the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, the Los Angeles bands Love and The Doors, and the Detroit bands The Stooges and MC5. Included in Elektras LA signings were Tim Buckley and Bread, in 1968, the label also signed pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack to a three-album deal. Also in 1967, Elektra launched its influential Nonesuch Explorer Series, excerpts from several Nonesuch Explorer recordings were later included on the two Voyager Golden Discs which were sent into deep space in 1977 aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes. Elektra, along with its Nonesuch Records subsidiary, was acquired by Kinney National Services in 1970, soon afterwards, Kinney consolidated their label holdings under the Warner-Elektra-Atlantic umbrella. Holzman remained in charge of Elektra until 1972, when it merged with Asylum Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, Asylums founder, David Geffen, would head the newly combined label. Holzman, in the meantime, was appointed vice president and chief technologist for Warner — ushering the company into home video. Holzman also went on to acquire Discovery Records, in 1975, Geffen stepped down due to health problems. He would be replaced by Joe Smith, who went on to become CEO of Capitol Records. Although the company was listed as Elektra/Asylum Records on the label credits
Elektra Records
–
Elektra Records logo
7.
Nonesuch Records
–
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Bros. Records, and based in New York City, founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records critically acclaimed music from a wide range of genres. Robert Hurwitz has been president of the company since 1984, Nonesuch was founded in 1964 by Jac Holzman to produce fine records at the same price as a trade paperback, which would be half the price of a normal LP. To achieve this he initially licensed European recordings of music as it would be too expensive to record new material. Originally the label concentrated heavily on chamber and baroque music, often with unique repertory, upon its formation, Nonesuch operated as a subsidiary label of Elektra Records, which Holzman had launched in 1950. In 1970, Holzman sold Elektra and Nonesuch to Kinney National Company, in 2004, Warner Music Group became an independently owned, publicly traded company. Sterne oversaw several firsts for the label, including early electronic releases, under Sterne, Nonesuch helped spark a ragtime revival in the United States with the release of a series of Scott Joplin piano rags performed by Joshua Rifkin. Sterne also launched the groundbreaking Explorer Series, building the foundation for the field of world music, Sterne was replaced by the founders younger brother, Keith Holzman, a production chief who, for the next five years, operated the label from Los Angeles. Records-distributed jazz label ECM Records, to run Nonesuch Records, within the first two years under Hurwitzs leadership, Nonesuch released albums by such new music pioneers as Steve Reich, John Adams, Philip Glass, John Zorn, and Kronos Quartet. Hurwitz established a roster at the label, which included Zorn, Wayne Horvitz. In 1994, Hurwitz hired David Bither, the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Elektra Records, bithers first signing, Emmylou Harris, signaled a new direction for the label. Harris, previously signed to Warner Bros. Records and Elektra Records, though she had long been a highly regarded interpreter of other writers’ songs, her Nonesuch debut was distinguished by being her first album to primarily feature self-penned compositions. In the decade that followed, k. d, laurie Anderson has put out three discs with the label, and Nonesuch reissued her seminal Big Science album, an avant-garde project that became an unlikely pop hit in 1982. That recounting of the life and loves of former Filipino leader Imelda Marcos, was turned into an Off-Broadway musical at The Public Theater in the spring of 2013. Forward-thinking traditional groups Carolina Chocolate Drops and Punch Brothers also joined the label, the Chocolate Drops, a group exploring the African-American roots of old-time music, won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album for its Nonesuch debut, Genuine Negro Jig. Mandolinist and composer Chris Thile of Punch Brothers was named a 2012 MacArthur Fellow, receiving one of 23 “genius” grant awards to extraordinary practitioners in a variety of creative fields. As a solo artist, he has joined the classical ranks of the label. Nonesuch has been building a catalog of Broadway cast recordings, including works by multiple Tony
Nonesuch Records
–
Nonesuch Records
8.
10,000 Maniacs
–
10,000 Maniacs is a United States-based multi-platinum alternative rock band, formed in 1981, that continues to perform and release music. In 2016, the band celebrated its 35th anniversary, the band was formed as Still Life in 1981 in Jamestown, New York, by Dennis Drew, Steven Gustafson, Chet Cardinale, Robert Buck and Teri Newhouse. Gustafson invited Natalie Merchant, who was 17 at the time, John Lombardo, who was in a band called The Mills and used to play occasionally with Still Life, was invited to join permanently on guitar and vocals. Newhouse and Cardinale left the band in July, and Merchant became the main singer, the band changed its name to Burn Victims and then to 10,000 Maniacs after the low-budget horror movie Two Thousand Maniacs. They performed as 10,000 Maniacs for the first time on Labor Day, September 7,1981, with a line-up of Merchant, Lombardo, Buck, Drew, Gustafson, Edborg left and Bob Bob O Matic Wachter was on drums for most of the 1981 gigs. In March 1982, with Jim Foti on drums, the recorded a EP album called Human Conflict Number Five. During this time lived in Atlanta, Georgia for a short while at the encouragement of friends who said that many gigs were available there. Discouraged by the lack of gigs, and by having to sell plasma and rake leaves to buy food. At the beginning of 1983, Jerry Augustyniak joined the band as their permanent drummer, the Maniacs met Augustyniak when they played in Buffalo, New York, where he was in a punk band called The Stains. The record was received by critics and caught the attention of respected BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel in London. One song, My Mother the War, turned out to be a hit in the United Kingdom. The band toured extensively during 1983 and 1984, and played gigs in the UK, Peter Leak, an Englishman living in New York City, became interested in the band, made contact and was made their manager. With the help of Leak and Elektra Records A & R man Howard Thompson,10,000 Maniacs signed to Elektra in November 1984. In the spring of 1985, they recorded their second album, The Wishing Chair, in London at Livingston Studios. Though the album was not a hit, its status as the bands major label debut did win it some notice. Co-founder Lombardo left the band during a rehearsal on July 14,1986, the remaining five members started recording a new album in Los Angeles, with Peter Asher as the producer. The album originally contained Peace Train and it was removed from subsequent pressings after Cat Stevens made comments implying he agreed with a death Fatwa against author Salman Rushdie. The next album,1989 Blind Mans Zoo hit No.13 and went gold, in May 1989, the British music magazine, NME reported that 10,000 Maniacs had won the songwriter category prize at the New York Music Awards
10,000 Maniacs
–
10,000 Maniacs original band (excluding original member John Lombardo): L to R: Rob Buck, Steve Gustafson, Natalie Merchant, Dennis Drew and Jerome Augustyniak
10,000 Maniacs
–
The period featuring vocalist Natalie Merchant was the most critically and commercially successful for 10,000 Maniacs. She is seen here performing with the band in 1984.
9.
Michael Stipe
–
John Michael Stipe is an American singer, songwriter, musician, film producer, music video director, and visual artist. He is best known as the singer of the alternative rock band R. E. M. from their formation in 1980 until their dissolution in 2011. Possessing a distinctive voice, Stipe is noted for the style of his early career as well as his social and political activism. He was in charge of R. E. M. s visual aspect, often selecting album artwork, outside the music industry, he owns and runs two film production studios, C-00 and Single Cell Pictures. As a singer-songwriter, Stipe is considered to be an influence on a range of artists. Bono of U2 described his voice as extraordinary, John Michael Stipe was born in Decatur, Georgia, on January 4,1960, the second of four children. Stipe was a brat, his father was a serviceman in the United States Army whose career resulted in frequent relocations for his family. His younger sister, Lynda Stipe, was born in 1962, Stipe and his family moved to various locales during his childhood, including Germany, Texas, Illinois, Alabama and Georgia. Stipe graduated from school in Collinsville, Illinois, in 1978. He enrolled at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, as an art major, studying photography, while attending college in Athens, Stipe frequented the Wuxtry record shop, where he met store clerk Peter Buck in 1980. He was a guy and he also bought weird records. The two became friends and eventually decided to form a band, Buck and Stipe started writing music together, at the time Stipe also spent time in a local group named Gangster. The pair were joined by Bill Berry and Mike Mills. A name Stipe selected at random from a dictionary, all four members of R. E. M. dropped out of school in 1980 to focus on the band. Stipe was the last to do so, the band issued its debut single, Radio Free Europe, on Hib-Tone, which was a college radio success. Records for the release of the Chronic Town EP one year later, released its debut album Murmur in 1983, which was acclaimed by critics. Stipes vocals and lyrics received particular attention from listeners, Murmur went on to win the Rolling Stone Critics Poll Album of the Year over Michael Jacksons Thriller. Their second album, Reckoning, followed in 1984, traveled to England to record its third album Fables of the Reconstruction, a difficult process that brought the band to the verge of a break up
Michael Stipe
–
Stipe performing at
South by Southwest in 2008
Michael Stipe
–
Stipe at
Glastonbury Festival with his "Goblin" make up
Michael Stipe
–
Stipe with R.E.M. performing at Langerado, 2008
Michael Stipe
–
Stipe at the 2007
Tribeca Film Festival
10.
Folk rock
–
Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds, the term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. A distinct, eclectic style of folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle, Fairport Convention. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres, Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the referred to a genre that arose in the United States. The style was influenced by the Beatles and other British bands. The term folk rock was coined by the U. S. music press to describe the Byrds music in June 1965, the month in which the bands debut album was issued. In a broader sense, folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world and, to a lesser extent, as with any genre, the borders are difficult to define. Of these, the first two owed direct debts to protest folk singers such as Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, along with the leftist Popular Front culture of the 1930s. The Weavers mainstream popularity set the stage for the revival of the 1950s and early 1960s. By 1951, however, the group had fallen afoul of the U. S, red Scare of the McCarthy era, and as a result they disbanded in 1952. The group reformed in 1955, releasing the influential album The Weavers at Carnegie Hall in 1957, before disbanding for a time in 1964. The crystal-clear harmony singing and liberal outlook that characterized American folk rock during the mid-1960s sprang directly from the music, while this urban folk revival flourished in many cities across the U. S. Like the 1950s Beat Generation before them, the vast majority of the urban folk revivalists shared a disdain for the values of mainstream American mass culture, across the Atlantic, a parallel folk revival was occurring in the UK during the 1950s and early 1960s. However, it wasnt until 1956 and the advent of the skiffle craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream, skiffle was a blend of jazz, folk, and country blues, with roots in African-American folk music and the post-war British jazz scene. This renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain led directly to the folk movement. Among the leading lights of the folk movement were Bert Jansch and John Renbourn
Folk rock
–
Pete Seeger entertaining
Eleanor Roosevelt (center), at a racially integrated Valentine's Day party.
Folk rock
–
Bob Dylan was the most influential of all the urban folk-protest songwriters.
Folk rock
–
The Byrds performing "Mr. Tambourine Man" on
The Ed Sullivan Show, 12 December 1965.
Folk rock
–
Dylan in 1963.
11.
Accordion
–
Accordions are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox. A person who plays the accordion is called an accordionist, the concertina and bandoneón are related, the harmonium and American reed organ are in the same family. The instrument is played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing buttons or keys, causing pallets to open and these vibrate to produce sound inside the body. Valves on opposing reeds of each note are used to make the instruments reeds sound louder without air leaking from each reed block. The performer normally plays the melody on buttons or keys on the manual. The accordion is widely spread across the world, nevertheless, in Europe and North America, some popular music acts also make use of the instrument. Additionally, the accordion is used in cajun, zydeco, jazz music. The piano accordion is the official city instrument of San Francisco, the oldest name for this group of instruments is harmonika, from the Greek harmonikos, meaning harmonic, musical. Today, native versions of the accordion are more common. These names refer to the type of accordion patented by Cyrill Demian, accordions have many configurations and types. Similar to a bow, the production of sound in an accordion is in direct proportion to the motion of the player. The bellows is located between the right- and left-hand manuals, and is made from pleated layers of cloth and cardboard, with added leather and metal. It is used to pressure and vacuum, driving air across the internal reeds and producing sound by their vibration. These boxes house reed chambers for the right- and left-hand manuals, each side has grilles in order to facilitate the transmission of air in and out of the instrument, and to allow the sound to better project. The grille for the manual is usually larger and is often shaped for decorative purposes. The right-hand manual is used for playing the melody and the left-hand manual for playing the accompaniment. The manual mechanism of the instrument either enables the air flow, or disables it, the different types have varying components. All instruments have reed ranks of some format, the most typical accordion is the piano accordion, which is used for many musical genres
Accordion
–
A
piano accordion (top) and a
Russian bayan (bottom)
Accordion
–
The Brazilian
Forró Accordionist
Dominguinhos
Accordion
–
A
Weltmeister piano accordion
Accordion
–
Accordion
reed ranks with closeup of reeds
12.
Mandolin
–
A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or pick. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, although five, the courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a bottom, constructed of strips of wood. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a shallower, arched back. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music, carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature a fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course. There has also been a type and an instrument with sixteen-strings. Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard, pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, the modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections, there is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f. A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling, Mandolins evolved from the lute family in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin, produced particularly in Naples, became common in the 19th century. Dating to around c.13,000 BC, a painting in the Trois Frères cave in France depicts what some believe is a musical bow. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed, since each string played a note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps. In turn, this led to being able to play dyads and chords, another innovation occurred when the bow harp was straightened out and a bridge used to lift the strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute
Mandolin
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An American A-style left-handed mandolin, with F-holes
Mandolin
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Modern Neapolitan bowlback mandolin manufactured by the
Calace family workshop.
Mandolin
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Mandolin with six courses of strings (2 strings per course), labeled Milanese at the museum.
Mandolin
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Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy made, Washburn brand mandolin from an 1897 short-stories magazine, The Black Cat.
13.
Sicily
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Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is an autonomous Region of Italy, along with surrounding minor islands, Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, the island has a typical Mediterranean climate. The earliest archaeological evidence of activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC. It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand, a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification, Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region after the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946. Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine. It is also home to important archaeological and ancient sites, such as the Necropolis of Pantalica, the Valley of the Temples, Sicily has a roughly triangular shape, earning it the name Trinacria. To the east, it is separated from the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina, about 3 km wide in the north, and about 16 km wide in the southern part. The northern and southern coasts are each about 280 km long measured as a line, while the eastern coast measures around 180 km. The total area of the island is 25,711 km2, the terrain of inland Sicily is mostly hilly and is intensively cultivated wherever possible. Along the northern coast, the ranges of Madonie,2,000 m, Nebrodi,1,800 m. The cone of Mount Etna dominates the eastern coast, in the southeast lie the lower Hyblaean Mountains,1,000 m. The mines of the Enna and Caltanissetta districts were part of a leading sulphur-producing area throughout the 19th century, Sicily and its surrounding small islands have some highly active volcanoes. Mount Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe and still casts black ash over the island with its ever-present eruptions and it currently stands 3,329 metres high, though this varies with summit eruptions, the mountain is 21 m lower now than it was in 1981. It is the highest mountain in Italy south of the Alps, Etna covers an area of 1,190 km2 with a basal circumference of 140 km. This makes it by far the largest of the three volcanoes in Italy, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. In Greek Mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under the mountain by Zeus, Mount Etna is widely regarded as a cultural symbol and icon of Sicily. The Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, to the northeast of mainland Sicily form a volcanic complex, the three volcanoes of Vulcano, Vulcanello and Lipari are also currently active, although the latter is usually dormant
Sicily
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Mount Etna rising over suburbs of Catania
Sicily
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Sicily Sicilia
Sicily
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Sicilian landscape
Sicily
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Location of the
Salso
14.
Petula Clark
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Petula Clark, CBE is an English singer, actress and composer whose career has spanned seven decades. Clarks professional career began as an entertainer on BBC Radio during World War II and she has sold more than 68 million records. Clark was born to Doris and Leslie Norman Clark in Epsom, Surrey, both of her parents were nurses there at Long Grove Hospital. Her mother was of Welsh ancestry and her father was English, young Sallys stage name of Petula was invented by her father, Leslie Clark, he joked it was a combination of the names of two former girlfriends, Pet and Ulla. During the war Clark lived with her sister at the home of their grandparents in South Wales, in a stone house with no electricity, no running water. Her grandparents spoke little English and Clark learned to speak Welsh and her grandfather was a coal miner. Her first ever live audience was at the Colliers Arms in Abercanaid, as a child Clark sang in the chapel choir and showed a talent for mimicry, impersonating Vera Lynn, Carmen Miranda and Sophie Tucker for her family and friends. I wanted to be Ingrid Bergman more than anything else in the world, from a chance beginning at age 9, Clark would appear on radio, film, print, television and recordings by the time she turned 17. In October 1942, the 9-year-old Clark made her debut while attending a BBC broadcast with her father. She was there trying to send a message to an uncle stationed overseas, during the bombing, the producer requested that someone perform to settle the jittery theatre audience, and she volunteered a rendering of Mighty Lak a Rose to an enthusiastic response. She then repeated her performance for the broadcast audience, launching a series of some 500 appearances in programmes designed to entertain the troops, in addition to radio work, Clark frequently toured the United Kingdom with fellow child performer Julie Andrews. Nicknamed the Singing Sweetheart, she performed for George VI, Winston Churchill, Clark also became known as Britains Shirley Temple and was considered a mascot by the British Army, whose troops plastered her photos on their tanks for good luck as they advanced into battle. While performing at Londons Royal Albert Hall in 1944, Clark was discovered by film director Maurice Elvey, in quick succession, she performed in Strawberry Roan, I Know Where Im Going. London Town, Here Come the Huggetts, Vote for Huggett and The Huggetts Abroad, which is a Powell and Pressburger feature film now generally regarded as a masterpiece. In 1945, Clark was featured in the comic Radio Fun, Clark felt that she played child parts for too long. In 1946, Clark launched her career with an appearance on a BBC variety show, Cabaret Cartoons. In 1947, Clark met Joe Mr Piano Henderson at the Maurice Publishing Company, the two collaborated musically and were linked romantically over the coming decade. In 1949 Henderson introduced Clark to Alan A. Freeman who, together with her father Leslie, Clark had recorded her first release that year, Put Your Shoes On, Lucy, for EMI
Petula Clark
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Clark in April 2012
Petula Clark
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1962 EP
Petula Clark
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Outside the
Ed Sullivan Theater, New York City, October 1966
Petula Clark
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Ad for the NBC-TV special that sparked controversy even before it aired
15.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
The Beatles
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The "Fab Four" Beatles lineup in 1964 Top: Lennon, McCartney Bottom: Harrison, Starr
The Beatles
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Abbey Road Studios main entrance
The Beatles
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McCartney, Harrison, Swedish pop singer
Lill-Babs and Lennon on the set of the Swedish television show Drop-In, 30 October 1963
The Beatles
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The Beatles arrive at John F. Kennedy International Airport, 7 February 1964
16.
Al Green
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Inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, Green was referred to on the museums site as being one of the most gifted purveyors of soul music. He has also referred to as The Last of the Great Soul Singers. Green was included in the Rolling Stone list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Al Green was born Albert Leornes Greene on April 13,1946, in Forrest City, Arkansas. The sixth of ten born to Cora Lee and Robert G. Greene, Jr. a sharecropper. The Greene family relocated to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in the late 1950s, Al was kicked out of the family home while in his teens, after his religiously devout father caught him listening to Jackie Wilson. I also listened to Mahalia Jackson, all the great gospel singers, but the most important music to me was those hip-shakin’ boys, Wilson Pickett and Elvis Presley. Whatever he got, I went out and bought, in high school, Al formed a vocal group called Al Greene & the Creations. Two of the members, Curtis Rodgers and Palmer James. In 1968, having changed their name to Al Greene & the Soul Mates, they recorded the song Back Up Train, the song was a hit on the R&B charts. However, the groups subsequent follow-ups failed to chart, as did their debut album, while performing with the Soul Mates, Green came into contact with Memphis record producer Willie Mitchell, who hired him in 1969 to be a vocalist for a Texas show with Mitchells band. Following the performance, Mitchell asked Green to sign with his Hi Records label, having noted that Green had been trying to sing like Jackie Wilson, Sam Cooke, Wilson Pickett and James Brown, Mitchell became his vocal mentor, coaching him into finding his own voice. Before releasing his first album with Hi, Green removed the final e from his name, subsequently, he released Green Is Blues, which was a moderate success. His follow-up album, Al Green Gets Next to You, featured the hit R&B cover of the Temptations I Cant Get Next to You, Greens next album, Lets Stay Together, solidified his place in soul music. The title track was his biggest hit to date, reaching number one on both the Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts, the album became his first to be certified gold. His follow-up, Im Still in Love with You went platinum with the help of the singles Look What You Done for Me and the title track, both of which went to the top ten on the Hot 100. His next album, Call Me, released in 1973, produced three top ten singles, You Ought to Be with Me, Call Me and Here I Am. Greens album Livin for You, released at the end of 1973, was his last album to be certified gold, Green continued to record successful R&B hits in the next several years including Livin for You, Lets Get Married, Sha-La-La, L-O-V-E and Full of Fire. His last Hi Records album, Truth n Time, was released in 1978, two years later, he left Hi for Myrrh Records and recorded only gospel music for the next decade and a half
Al Green
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Green in concert at the Chumash Casino Resort,
Santa Ynez,
California, July 2006.
17.
Aretha Franklin
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Aretha Louise Franklin is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklins church as a child, in 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with such as Respect, A Natural Woman. These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade, in 1998, Franklin won international acclaim for singing the opera aria Nessun dorma, at the Grammys of that year replacing Luciano Pavarotti. Later that same year, she scored her final Top 40 recording with A Rose Is Still a Rose, Franklin has won a total of 18 Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold over 75 million records worldwide. Franklin has been honored throughout her career including a 1987 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and she was inducted to the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In August 2012, Franklin was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame, Aretha Louise Franklin was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the daughter of Barbara and Clarence LaVaughn Franklin. Her father, who went by the nickname, C. L. was an itinerant preacher originally from Shelby, Mississippi, while her mother was a piano player. Alongside Franklin, her parents had three children while both C. L. and Barbara had children from outside their marriage. The family relocated to Buffalo, New York when Franklin was two, before her fifth birthday, C. L. Franklin permanently relocated the family to Detroit, Michigan where he took over the pastorship of New Bethel Baptist Church. Franklins mother died on March 7,1952, before Franklins tenth birthday, several women, including Franklins grandmother Rachel, and Mahalia Jackson took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home. During this time, Franklin learned how to play piano by ear, Franklins fathers emotionally driven sermons resulted in him being known as the man with the million-dollar voice and earning thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. Just after her mothers death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn, Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me. Four years later, when Franklin was 14, her father began managing her and he helped his daughter get signed to her first recording deal with J. V. B. Records, where her first album, Songs of Faith, was issued in 1956, two singles were released to gospel radio stations including Never Grow Old and Precious Lord, Take My Hand. Franklin sometimes traveled with The Caravans and The Soul Stirrers during this time and developed a crush on Sam Cooke, after turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke to record pop music. Serving as her manager, C. L. agreed to the move and helped to produce a demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records. Franklin was signed as a five-percent artist, during this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances
Aretha Franklin
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Franklin's birthplace at 406 Lucy Ave. in
Memphis, Tennessee.
Aretha Franklin
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Aretha Franklin in 1967
Aretha Franklin
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Franklin performing on April 21, 2007, at the Nokia Theater in Dallas, Texas
Aretha Franklin
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Franklin singing at the 2009 inauguration of President Obama
18.
Styx (band)
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Styx /ˈstɪks/ is an American rock band from Chicago that formed in 1972 and became famous for its albums released in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Styx is best known for the hit songs Lady, Come Sail Away, Babe, The Best of Times, Too Much Time on My Hands, other major hits include Show Me the Way, Dont Let It End, and Renegade. Styx has had 4 consecutive albums certified multi-platinum by the RIAA as well as 16 top 40 singles in the US,8 of which hit the top 10, Chuck Panozzo left to attend seminary school for a year but returned to the group by 1964. Tom Nardini had been brought in to replace Chuck on guitar, John Panozzo was one of their first drummers, while Dennis DeYoung had switched from accordion to organ and piano. In 1965, the name Tradewinds was changed to TW4 after another band called the Trade Winds broke through nationally. By 1966, the Panozzo brothers had joined DeYoung at Chicago State College and kept the group together doing gigs at high schools, in 1969 they added a college friend, John Curulewski, on guitar after Tom Nardini departed. Young came aboard in 1970 making TW4 a quintet, several suggestions were made and, according to DeYoung, the name Styx was chosen because it was the only one that none of us hated. The bands Wooden Nickel recordings Styx, Styx II, The Serpent Is Rising and Man of Miracles were a mixture of rock with some dramatic prog-rock flourishes. These albums showcase intricate and powerful organ, guitar, vocal, the Serpent Is Rising would foreshadow later endeavors by the group—the concept album is an idiom upon which Styx would rely heavily by the 1980s. Then, the power ballad Lady, began to some radio time, first on WLS in Chicago in 1974. In the spring of 1975, nearly two years after the album had released, Lady hit No.6 in the US. On the heels of its hit single, Styx signed with A&M Records and released Equinox. More importantly, it contained the rock anthem Suite Madame Blue, following the move to A&M, guitarist John Curulewski suddenly left the band as they were to embark on a nationwide tour in December 1975, due to his desire to spend time with his family. After a frantic search, the band brought in guitarist Tommy Shaw as Curulewskis replacement in 1976. Crystal Ball, the first album to feature Shaw, was moderately successful, the album showcased the bands newest member, as Shaws Mademoiselle was another minor hit, reaching No. 36, and the title track, also written and sung by Shaw. Styxs seventh album, The Grand Illusion, was released on July 7,1977 and became their breakthrough album and it spawned a top-ten hit and AOR radio staple in the DeYoung-written Come Sail Away, which reached #8 in 1978. Shaws Fooling Yourself was a radio hit and reached #29 the same year
Styx (band)
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Styx, 2009. L-R:
Lawrence Gowan,
Tommy Shaw,
James Young,
Todd Sucherman, and
Ricky Phillips.
19.
Buffalo, New York
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Buffalo is a city in western New York state and the county seat of Erie County, on the eastern shores of Lake Erie at the head of the Niagara River. As of 2014, Buffalo is New York states 2nd-most populous city after New York City, the metropolitan area has a population of 1.13 million. After an economic downturn in the half of the 20th century, Buffalos economy has transitioned to sectors that include financial services, technology, biomedical engineering. Residents of Buffalo are called Buffalonians, the citys nicknames include The Queen City, The Nickel City and The City of Good Neighbors. The city of Buffalo received its name from a creek called Buffalo Creek. British military engineer Captain John Montresor made reference to Buffalo Creek in his journal of 1764, there are several theories regarding how Buffalo Creek received its name. In 1804, as principal agent opening the area for the Holland Land Company, Joseph Ellicott, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes similar to the street system he used in the nations capital. Although Ellicott named the settlement New Amsterdam, the name did not catch on, during the War of 1812, on December 30,1813, Buffalo was burned by British forces. The George Coit House 1818 and Samuel Schenck House 1823 are currently the oldest houses within the limits of the City of Buffalo, on October 26,1825, the Erie Canal was completed with Buffalo a port-of-call for settlers heading westward. At the time, the population was about 2,400, the Erie Canal brought about a surge in population and commerce, which led Buffalo to incorporate as a city in 1832. In 1845, construction began on the Macedonia Baptist Church, an important meeting place for the abolitionist movement, Buffalo was a terminus point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitive slaves crossing the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario in search of freedom. During the 1840s, Buffalos port continued to develop, both passenger and commercial traffic expanded with some 93,000 passengers heading west from the port of Buffalo. Grain and commercial goods shipments led to repeated expansion of the harbor, in 1843, the worlds first steam-powered grain elevator was constructed by local merchant Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar. Darts Elevator enabled faster unloading of lake freighters along with the transshipment of grain in bulk from barges, canal boats, by 1850, the citys population was 81,000. At the dawn of the 20th century, local mills were among the first to benefit from hydroelectric power generated by the Niagara River, the city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting. It was also part of the revolution, hosting the brass era car builders Pierce Arrow. President William McKinley was shot and mortally wounded by an anarchist at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on September 6,1901, McKinley died in the city eight days later and Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in at the Wilcox Mansion as the 26th President of the United States. The Great Depression of 1929–39 saw severe unemployment, especially working class men
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo, New York
20.
West Side Story (film)
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West Side Story is a 1961 American musical-romantic drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. The film is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet. It stars Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, and George Chakiris, and was photographed by Daniel L. Fapp, A. S. C. in Super Panavision 70. Released on October 18,1961 through United Artists, the film received praise from critics and the public. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won 10, including Best Picture, after a brawl erupts, Lieutenant Schrank and Officer Krupke arrive and break it up. The Jets decide to challenge the Sharks to a rumble at a dance for neighborhood control. Riff decides that his best friend Tony, the co-founder of the Jets who left the gang, Riff invites Tony to the dance, but Tony is uninterested. He tells Riff that he senses something important will happen, which Riff suggests could have a correlation with the dance, Bernardos younger sister, Maria, tells her best friend and Bernardos girlfriend, Anita, how excited she is about the dance. At the dance, the gangs and girls refuse to intermingle, Tony arrives and he and Maria fall in love. However, Bernardo angrily demands Tony to stay away from her, Riff proposes a meeting with Bernardo at Docs drug store. Maria is sent home, Anita argues that Bernardo is overprotective of Maria and they compare the advantages of Puerto Rico, Tony discreetly visits Maria on her fire escape, where they reaffirm their love. Krupke, who suspects the Jets are planning something, visits them, when the Sharks arrive, both groups agree to have the showdown the following evening under the highway, with a one-on-one fist fight. When Schrank arrives, the gangs feign friendship, Schrank orders the Sharks out and unsuccessfully tries to get the Jets to divulge the location of the fight. The next day at the shop, Anita accidentally tells Maria about the rumble. Tony arrives to see Maria, which shocks Anita and they profess their love and Anita warns them about the consequences if Bernardo learns of their relationship. Maria has Tony promise to prevent the rumble, Tony and Maria fantasize about their wedding ceremony. The Jets and Sharks approach the area under the highway, Tony arrives to stop the fight, but Bernardo antagonizes him. Unwilling to watch Tony be humiliated, Riff initiates a knife fight, Tony tries to intervene, which leads to Bernardo killing Riff
West Side Story (film)
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Theatrical release poster by Joe Caroff
21.
South Pacific (1958 film)
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South Pacific is a 1958 American romantic musical film adaptation of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific, and based on James A. Micheners Tales of the South Pacific. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, winning the Academy Award for Best Sound for Fred Hynes. Cutting as Admiral Kester Joe Bailey as U. S. commander Buck Class and Richard Kiser as Fighter pilots Note, the producers decided to tackle a big-screen adaptation of South Pacific as their next project. 20th Century Fox partially invested in the production in exchange for distribution rights. Additionally, all the departments and department heads were Foxs, the producers original plan was to have Ezio Pinza and Mary Martin, the two leads of the original Broadway cast, reprise their roles for the film, but Pinza died. Had he survived long enough to perform in the film, the producers would have cast Martin. Instead, Doris Day was offered the part of Nellie, but passed, Elizabeth Taylor tested for the same role, logan later heard her sing but was unable to persuade Rodgers to change his mind. Ultimately, Mitzi Gaynor, who had work in musical films. Rossano Brazzi was cast as Emile, a role that was first offered to established stars as Charles Boyer, Vittorio De Sica. Walston, a noted Broadway musical actor, played the part of Seabee Luther Billis, the film includes the use of colored filters during many of the song sequences, which has been a source of criticism for the film. All of the songs from the production were retained for the film. A song entitled My Girl Back Home, sung by Lt. Cable and Nellie, Emile is not shown in the film until about thirty minutes into it, in the film, Nellie first appears during the scene with the Seabees. Juanita Hall sang in the production and took part in the recording of the stage production cast album. However, she had her singing dubbed for the version by Muriel Smith. Metropolitan Opera star Giorgio Tozzi provided the voice for the role of Emile de Becque in the film. John Kerr starred as 2nd Lt. Joseph Cable, USMC, ken Clark, who played Stewpot, was dubbed by Thurl Ravenscroft. Gaynor and Walston were the principal cast members whose own singing voices were used. Criticism of the color filters did not prevent the film topping the box office of 1958
South Pacific (1958 film)
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Theatrical release poster
22.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
Bob Dylan
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Dylan onstage at Azkena Rock Festival,
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, June 26, 2010
Bob Dylan
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Zimmerman family home in Hibbing, Minnesota
Bob Dylan
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With
Joan Baez during the civil rights "
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ", August 28, 1963
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan in November 1963
23.
Jamestown Community College
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Jamestown Community College is a two-year college in the SUNY system. JCCs main campus is in the city of Jamestown in Chautauqua County, also located in Chautauqua County is JCCs North County Extension Center, which is in Dunkirk. JCCs second main campus serves Cattaraugus County in Olean, a fourth site is located in Warren, Pennsylvania. The college offers degree and certificate programs in many areas, founded in 1950, Jamestown Community College was the first community college in the State University of New York system. The college has grown from an enrollment of 169 students attending classes at Jamestown High School to an enrollment of over 3,500 in a multi-campus institution, the Jamestown Campus is located on a 107-acre site at the foot of Chautauqua Lake in Jamestown, New York. The Cattaraugus County Campus is located 50 miles east of Jamestown in Olean, JCCs Warren Center opened in 1987 to provide degrees in Business Administration and Social Science. JCC operates the Center under a contract with the Warren-Forest Higher Education Council, the Warren center is 25 miles south of Jamestown, New York. Jamestown Community College is committed to connecting its students to their goals by providing challenging educational experiences in a caring environment, founded in 1950 as a predominantly transfer, liberal arts oriented institution, JCC was among the first community colleges within the State University of New York. JCC has remained committed to the humanities and liberal arts while expanding to meet the social imperatives of vocational education, the report was created using research supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. JCC topped the list of public colleges, which included 35 institutions from within the State University of New York. The Chronicle, citing JCC data from students entering college in the fall of 2007, New Yorks graduation rate averages were 19.6 and 10.9 respectively. Opened in the fall of 2011, JCCs Science Center was designed to meet LEED silver standards and is a showplace for sustainability in building design, the center includes a number of green features that enable energy conservation and promote environmentally conscious thinking. Housed within the Science Center are JCCs associate degrees in arts and sciences, math and science, environmental science. The electrical lights in these spaces contain sensors minimizing power use during daylight hours, windows and doors have Solarban 80 glass, a high-performance, Low-E glass for solar control. Eastern and western pergola and canopy systems provide shading with an aesthetic appeal, water-permeable pathways lead from the building to JCC’s College Park. The white roofing membrane is light reflective to minimize heat buildup, recycled materials were used in the building and furniture, and FSC-certified wood was used where possible to promote environmentally sustainable natural resource consumption. A significant amount of waste was diverted from landfills and instead has been recycled. Indoor environmental quality has been assured via use of low-emitting adhesives, sealants, paints, coatings, carpet systems, composite wood, the annual cost of tuition for a full-time student who is a New York resident is $4,050
Jamestown Community College
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Jamestown Community College
Jamestown Community College
Jamestown Community College
Jamestown Community College
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University centers
24.
Music video
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A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food, although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by terms including illustrated song, filmed insert, promotional film, promotional clip, promotional video, song video. Music videos use a range of styles of contemporary videomaking techniques, including animation, live action filming, documentaries. Some music videos blend different styles, such as animation, music, combining these styles and techniques has become more popular because of the variation it presents to the audience. Many music videos interpret images and scenes from the songs lyrics, other music videos may be without a set concept, being merely a filmed version of the songs live performance. Product placement is a technique in music videos, exemplified by the appearance of the Beats Pill in numerous hip hop videos. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward B, marks and Joe Stern hired electrician George Thomas and various performers to promote sales of their song The Little Lost Child. Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected a series of images on a screen simultaneous to live performances. This would become a form of entertainment known as the illustrated song. In 1926, with the arrival of many musical short films were produced. Vitaphone shorts featured many bands, vocalists and dancers, early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in live-action segments during the cartoons. The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and especially Fantasia, the Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such performers as Cab Calloway, were also distributed to theaters. Blues singer Bessie Smith appeared in a short film called St. Louis Blues featuring a dramatized performance of the hit song. Numerous other musicians appeared in short musical subjects during this period, soundies, produced and released from 1940 to 1947, were musical films that often included short dance sequences, similar to later music videos
Music video
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Musicals of the 1950s led to short-form music videos
Music video
Music video
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The Beatles in Help!
Music video
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Michael Jackson in
Thriller.
25.
Tom Hanks
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Thomas Jeffrey Hanks is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U. S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries The Pacific. Hanks was born in Concord, California, the son of Janet Marylyn, a worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent, while his father had English ancestry. The familys three oldest children, Sandra, Larry and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, in his childhood, his family moved often. By the age of ten, Hanks had lived in ten different houses, while Hanks family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized himself as being a Bible-toting evangelical for several years as a teenager. In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine, I was a geek, I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy whod yell out funny captions during filmstrips, but I didnt get into trouble. I was always a good kid and pretty responsible. In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent, Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland. Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, Hanks told New York magazine in 1986, Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of going to plays. I wouldnt take dates with me, id just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, during his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowlings suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival and his internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college
Tom Hanks
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Hanks receiving the 2014 Kennedy Center Honors Medallion, December 2014
Tom Hanks
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Hanks on the film set of
Forrest Gump (1994)
Tom Hanks
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Hanks' cement prints in front of the
Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood
Tom Hanks
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Hanks at Post-Emmys Party, September 2008
26.
Philadelphia (film)
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Philadelphia is a 1993 American drama film and one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to acknowledge HIV/AIDS, homosexuality, and homophobia. It was written by Ron Nyswaner, directed by Jonathan Demme and stars Tom Hanks, Hanks won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Andrew Beckett in the film, while the song Streets of Philadelphia by Bruce Springsteen won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Nyswaner was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Andrew Beckett is a senior associate at the largest corporate law firm in Philadelphia. He hides his homosexuality and his status as an AIDS patient from the members of the firm. A partner in the firm notices a lesion on Becketts forehead, although Beckett attributes the lesion to a racquetball injury, it indicates Kaposis Sarcoma, a form of cancer. Shortly thereafter, Beckett stays home from work for days to try to find a way to hide his lesions. Later that morning, he receives a call asking for the paperwork, as the paper copy cannot be found, the paperwork is finally discovered in an alternate location and is filed with the court at the last possible moment. The following day, Beckett is dismissed by the firms partners, Beckett believes that someone deliberately hid his paperwork to give the firm an excuse to fire him, and that the dismissal is actually as a result of his diagnosis with AIDS. He asks several attorneys to take his case, including personal injury lawyer Joe Miller, the homophobic Miller appears to be worried that he could contract Becketts illness. After declining to take the case, Miller immediately visits his doctor to find out if he could have contracted the disease, the doctor explains that the routes of HIV infection do not include casual contact. Unable to find a willing to represent him, Beckett is compelled to act as his own attorney. While researching a case at a law library, Miller sees Beckett at a nearby table, after a library employee stares down Miller, presumably because Miller is black, a librarian approaches Beckett and announces that he has found a book on AIDS discrimination for him. As others in the begin to first stare uneasily, the librarian suggests Beckett to go to a private room. As the case goes before the court, the partners of the take the stand, each claiming that Beckett was incompetent. The defense repeatedly suggests that Beckett brought AIDS upon himself by having gay sex, according to that partner, the woman was an innocent victim, unlike Beckett, and further testified that he did not recognize Becketts lesions. To prove that the lesions would have been visible, Miller asks Beckett to unbutton his shirt while on the witness stand, Beckett eventually collapses during the trial. During his hospitalization, the votes in his favor, awarding him back pay, damages for pain and suffering. Miller visits the visibly failing Beckett in the hospital after the verdict, after Becketts family leaves the room, he tells his partner Miguel that he is ready to die
Philadelphia (film)
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Theatrical release poster
27.
Tigerlily
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Tigerlily is an album written, produced, and performed by Natalie Merchant, released on June 20,1995. It is her first solo album after splitting from the 10,000 Maniacs, some reviews of the album praised Merchants confessional writing style while others criticized the same for undue sentimentality. Tigerlily peaked at #13 on Billboards Top 200 album chart and it contained three pop hits, Carnival, Wonder, and Jealousy. Tigerlily was re-released in 1999 as a 2-CD set, with the second CD containing a remix of the song Jealousy and live cuts from her tour. In December 2015, the album was redone and released as Paradise Is There, the song River is a tribute to River Phoenix. Aileen Wuornos had requested that Natalie Merchants song Carnival be played at her funeral, Natalie Merchant commented on this when asked why her song was run during the credits of the documentary Aileen, Life and Death of a Serial Killer. When director Nick Broomfield sent a working edit of the film, Aileen Wuornos led a tortured, torturing life that is beyond my worst nightmares. Its very odd to think of the places my music can go once it leaves my hands, if it gave her some solace, I have to be grateful. All songs written by Natalie Merchant
Tigerlily
–
Tigerlily
28.
Message in a Bottle (film)
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Message in a Bottle is a 1999 American romantic drama film directed by Luis Mandoki and based on Nicholas Sparks 1998 novel of the same name. It stars Kevin Costner, Robin Wright and Paul Newman, and was filmed in Maine, Chicago and Wilmington, the film was released on February 12,1999 by Warner Bros. Theresa Osborne, a reporter, works as a researcher for the Chicago Tribune. On a trip to Cape Cod, she finds a mysterious, intriguing love letter in a bottle in the sand and she is fascinated by it and comes into possession of two more letters by the same person, eventually tracking down the man who wrote them, Garret Blake. He refurbished a boat called Happenstence with his wife before her death and he lives quietly on the Outer Banks of North Carolina near his father, Theresa and Garret become better acquainted, but she does not reveal her knowledge of the love letters. Along with the distance between them — they live hundreds of miles apart — there is another problem, Garret cannot quite forgive Catherine for dying and leaving him. Theresas career flourishes as the message in a bottle tale is told in print. Garret makes a trip to Chicago to visit Theresa and her young son and their new love grows, until one day Garret finds his letters in a drawer in Theresas apartment. Garret angrily confronts Theresa and, after a night of explanations, a year later, Dodge tracks down Theresa. He informs her that his son Garret has died at sea in a storm while attempting to rescue someone else, a bottle with a message inside was found on his boat. Theresa realizes that it was written the night before Garretts last sailing, in it, he apologizes to Catherine and says that in Theresa he has found a new love, a love he must fight for. Warner Bros. Beach scenes were filmed at Popham Beach in Phippsburg, the fog-bound harbor near the end is New Harbor, Maine. Carolina tides average about 5 feet, irish music group Clannad wrote the song What Will I Do for the film. Singer Richard Marx also composed the song One More Time, sung by Laura Pausini, Message in a Bottle has grossed $52,880,016 in North America and $66,000,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $118,880,016. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $18,852,976, finishing first at the box office, the film received negative reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 32% rating, based on 38 reviews, Metacritic reports a 39 out of 100 rating, based on 23 critics, indicating generally unfavorable reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, praising the actors, particularly Newman steals every scene hes in. Todd McCarthy from The Hollywood Reporter called it a dreary, lachrymose and incredibly poky tear-jerker, Message in a Bottle was released on DVD on August 3,1999
Message in a Bottle (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Message in a Bottle (film)
29.
The Wallflowers
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The Wallflowers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1989 by singer-songwriter Jakob Dylan and guitarist Tobi Miller. The band has gone through a number of changes but has remained centered on Dylan. They went on to release an additional three albums before going on a 7-year hiatus, beginning in 2006, in 2012, the Wallflowers reunited to release their sixth studio album, Glad All Over. The Wallflowers have won two Grammy awards, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song for their song One Headlight in 1998, One Headlight is also listed at #58 in Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Pop Songs. The Wallflowers inception came in 1988/1989 when singer-guitarist Jakob Dylan called his friend, Tobi Miller, also a guitarist. Dylan and Miller had been in bands together in high school. Dylan had moved to New York City to go to art school while Miller had started his own called the 45s. After the 45s broke up in 1989, Miller regained contact with Dylan, Barrie Maguire, who was in the 45s with Miller, joined the band as their bass player. In 1990, Peter Yanowitz was added as the drummer, the final member to join the group was keyboardist Rami Jaffee. Jaffee was an member of the Los Angeles music scene and had been playing with multiple bands in the area. He met Dylan in 1990 in the Kibitz Room, a bar located in the back of a Jewish deli called Canters on Fairfax Avenue in Los Angeles. He had heard the Apples were looking for a player and after meeting and talking with Dylan in the Kibitz Room. Jaffee was impressed by the songs and asked to join in on the next rehearsal. After a long session, Jaffee joined the band on the spot. The Apples changed their name to the Wallflowers and began playing clubs around Los Angeles, specifically the Sunset Strip, such as the Whisky a Go Go, Gazzarris and the Viper Room. While they were playing clubs the band was sending their demo tape to record companies and figures within the music industry. One of those tapes caught the attention of Andrew Slater, who would become the Wallflowers manager. Slater brought the Wallflowers to Virgin Records, who signed the band to a record contract, the Wallflowers then set out to make their first album
The Wallflowers
–
Jakob Dylan and Stuart Mathis of The Wallflowers performing in Minnesota in 2014
30.
Peter Yanowitz
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Peter Yanowitz, also known as Pedro Yanowitz, is an American musician, songwriter, and visual artist. Yanowitz was the drummer of The Wallflowers, and for Natalie Merchant on her first three solo records Tigerlily, Ophelia, and Live in Concert. He also played drums for Money Mark, the Black Sabbath tribute band Hand of Doom with Melissa Auf der Maur, other artists Yanowitz has played drums with include, Yoko Ono, Allen Ginsberg, and Wilco. Yanowitz was also the player, songwriter, and producer for the band Morningwood. Hall, John Cameron Mitchell, Darren Criss, and Taye Diggs, Yanowitz was born in Chicagos Hyde Park and was raised Jewish in Salt Lake City, Utah. His father, Frank Yanowitz is a jazz musician/composer and a cardiologist, Yanowitz began playing drums at the age of seven. He received an English major from Tufts University in 1989, in 1990 Yanowitz moved to Los Angeles and became one of the founding members and original drummer of the Wallflowers. Yanowitz co-produced 4 songs on the Wallflowers self-titled debut for Virgin Records also co-writing on the song After the Blackbird Sings. Yanowitz met Natalie Merchant in Los Angeles in 1994 and soon moved to New York to work closely with Merchant on what was to be her first solo record Tigerlily. Featuring the three top 40 hits, Carnival, Wonder, and Jealousy, Tigerlily went on to sell six million copies. Yanowitz recorded two records with Merchant, Ophelia, and Live in Concert. Yanowitz was Merchants boyfriend from 1994 until their split in 2000. In 2001, Yanowitz took on the nickname Pedro and began writing his own songs and he met Chantal Claret at a party and they started writing songs for what was to be Morningwoods first album. They were signed to Capitol Records in 2003, working with producer Gil Norton, Morningwood recorded their first record in London at the RAK Studios. Yanowitz wrote the hits Nth Degree, which was used by Lincoln-Mercury in several of their car commercials, and New York Girls, which was featured in the movie Sex and the City. In the early 1990s, Yanowitz struck up a friendship with Allen Ginsberg after meeting him at the Tibet House Benefit and they performed several times together at Carnegie Hall, and stayed friends until his death in 1997. Yanowitz played percussion on the record Mermaid Avenue by Billy Bragg, Yanowitz also played drums with Nina Nastasia in 2000 on her cult classic album Dogs, which was produced by Steve Albini. In 2001, Yanowitz recorded and played live with Money Mark on his critically lauded record Change Is Coming
Peter Yanowitz
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Peter Yanowitz at Avatar studios NYC
Peter Yanowitz
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Peter "criss" Yanowitz on Halloween 2011
31.
Carnival (Natalie Merchant song)
–
Carnival is a 1995 song written and produced by singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant and was the lead single from her debut solo album Tigerlily. The single was released to U. S. airwaves in the summer of 1995 and went straight to the number 10 spot on the Billboard Hot 100, the single received a radio edit cutting the song down from the six-minute LP version. In the lyrics, the protagonist compares the many colorful sights, the video for the song, directed by Melodie McDaniel, shows scenes of Merchant walking the streets of New York City taking street photographs with a Leica M3. In 2000, the song was used in the Xena, Warrior Princess episode Antony, prior to her execution in 2002, this song was requested by serial killer Aileen Wuornos to be played at her funeral. In 2003, the song was used in Nick Broomfields documentary Aileen, the song also serves as an entrance theme to a fictional Wuornos in American Horror Story, Hotel, portrayed by Lily Rabe. In 2010, the song was used in the film The Halves, the song appeared in the Hindsight episode Tragic Kingdom
Carnival (Natalie Merchant song)
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U.S. CD single
32.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
Saturday Night Live
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The original 1975 cast, from left to right:
Laraine Newman,
John Belushi,
Jane Curtin,
Gilda Radner,
Dan Aykroyd,
Garrett Morris, and
Chevy Chase
Saturday Night Live
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Creator
Lorne Michaels.
Saturday Night Live
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Comcast Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock") from where the show is broadcast.
Saturday Night Live
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SNL 's main stage, during rehearsal, 2008
33.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The former Annex in Soho in New York City (now closed)
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (left) sits on the
Lake Erie shore next to the
Great Lakes Science Center (right) in Cleveland's
North Coast Harbor.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, showing
Lake Erie in the foreground
34.
River Phoenix
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River Jude Phoenix was an American actor, musician, and activist. He was the brother of Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix. Phoenixs work encompassed 24 films and television appearances, and his rise to fame led to his status as a teen idol and he began his acting career at age 10, in television commercials. He starred in the science fiction adventure film Explorers, and had his first notable role in 1986s Stand By Me, a coming-of-age film based on the novella The Body by Stephen King. For his performance in the latter, Phoenix garnered enormous praise and won a Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, along with Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics. On October 31,1993, Phoenix collapsed and died of combined drug intoxication following an overdose on the sidewalk outside the West Hollywood nightclub The Viper Room at the age of 23. At the time of his death, Phoenix had been in the middle of filming Dark Blood, Phoenix was born on August 23,1970 in Madras, Oregon, the first child of Arlyn Dunetz and John Lee Bottom. Phoenixs parents named him after the river of life from the Hermann Hesse novel Siddhartha, in an interview with People, Phoenix described his parents as hippieish. His mother was born in the Bronx, New York to Jewish parents whose families had emigrated from Russia and his father was a lapsed Catholic from Fontana, California, of English, German, and French ancestry. In 1968, Phoenixs mother left her family in New York City, while hitchhiking in northern California she met John Lee Bottom. They married on September 13,1969, less than a year after meeting, Phoenixs family moved cross country when he was very young. Phoenix was raised in Micanopy, Florida, a suburb of Gainesville. Phoenix has stated that they lived in a desperate situation, Phoenix often played guitar while he and his sister sang on street corners for money and food to support their ever-growing family. Screenwriter Naomi Foner later commented, He was totally, totally without education, I mean, he could read and write, and he had an appetite for it, but he had no deep roots into any kind of sense of history or literature. In 1973 the family joined a controversial Christian new religious movement, called the Children of God, the family had settled in Caracas, Venezuela where the Children of God had stationed them to work as missionaries and fruit gatherers. Although Phoenix rarely talked about the cult, he was quoted by Arlyn Phoenix in a 1994 Esquire article as having said Theyre disgusting, theyre ruining peoples lives. In an interview with Details magazine in November 1991, Phoenix stated he lost his virginity at age four while in the Children of God and he sought to attract rich disciples through sex. In the late 1970s, Rivers family moved in with Arlyns parents in Florida, the family officially changed their name to Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rises from its own ashes, symbolizing a new beginning
River Phoenix
–
Phoenix at the
61st Academy Awards in March 1989
River Phoenix
–
Phoenix as young Indiana Jones
River Phoenix
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Phoenix and
Martha Plimpton on the red carpet at the
61st Academy Awards, 1989
River Phoenix
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The
Viper Room on
Sunset Strip, where Phoenix collapsed on the sidewalk
35.
Ophelia (album)
–
Ophelia is the title of a 1998 album, film, and song by Natalie Merchant. Kind & Generous was the most successful single of the album, Break Your Heart also received single and video treatment. These and the videos from the album, plus three from Tigerlily, were gathered on a Warner Music Vision home video, also entitled Ophelia. I love the opportunity to flex my thespian muscle, Merchant quips on it, the song King of May is a tribute to poet Allen Ginsberg. In 2009, a line from My Skin, accompanied by images of animal abuse and it was also featured in the television series Alias some years earlier. Kind & Generous, The Living, Break Your Heart and Life is Sweet appeared on Merchants best-of collection, Retrospective, 1995–2005
Ophelia (album)
–
Ophelia
36.
Gavin Bryars
–
Richard Gavin Bryars is an English composer and double bassist. He has been active in, or has produced works in, born in Goole, in East Yorkshire, England, Bryars studied philosophy at Sheffield University but became a jazz bassist during his three years as a philosophy student. The first musical work for which he is remembered was his role as bassist in the trio Joseph Holbrooke, alongside guitarist Derek Bailey, the trio began by playing relatively traditional jazz before moving into free improvisation. However, Bryars became dissatisfied with this when he saw a young bassist play in a manner which seemed to him to be artificial, bryarss first works as a composer owe much to the New York School of John Cage, Morton Feldman, Earle Brown and minimalism. The first recording of this appeared on Brian Enos Obscure Records in 1975. The 1994 recording of this piece was remixed by Aphex Twin as Raising the Titanic, on top of that loop, rich harmonies played by a live ensemble are built, always increasing in density, before the whole thing gradually fades out. A new recording of this work was made in the 1990s with Tom Waits singing along with the recording of the vagrant during the final section. Its members included Brian Eno, whose Obscure Records label would release works by Bryars. Bryarss later works have included A Man In A Room, Gambling, bryarss music is heard beneath monologues spoken by the Spanish artist Juan Muñoz, who talks about methods of cheating at card games. His Cello concerto Farewell to Philosophy was recorded in 1996 by Julian Lloyd Webber, Bryars has written a large number of other works, including four operas, and a number of instrumental pieces, among them three string quartets and several concertos. He has written pieces for dance, including Biped for Merce Cunningham, as well as works for William Forsythe, Carolyn Carlson, Edouard Lock. Between 1981–1984 he participated in the CIVIL warS, a vast, never-completed multimedia project by Robert Wilson, bryarss When Harry Met Addie was premiered at the Duke Ellington Memorial Concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London on 1 May 1999. The piece was performed by the London Sinfonietta Big Band and was commissioned by the baritone saxophonist/bass clarinettist John Surman and he lives in England, and, for part of the year, on the west coast of Canada. He was born on the day as another prominent English composer. In his June 2008 appearance on Desert Island Discs author Peter Carey chose Jesus Blood Never Failed Me Yet as his eighth, Bryars is married to Anna Tchernakova, a Russian filmmaker, and has a stepdaughter and son. Bryars has two daughters from his first marriage, Jesus Blood Never Failed Me Yet,1972. Medea 1982, revised 1984 and 1995, some sections of the music exist in completed form, as follows, On Photography for Chorus, harmonium, piano. Arias For Marie Curie, The Queen of the Sea, Captain Nemo, string Quartet No 1 Between the National and the Bristol,1985
Gavin Bryars
–
Gavin Bryars
37.
Brand New Heavies
–
The Brand New Heavies are an acid jazz and funk group formed in 1985 in Ealing in west London. The Brand New Heavies began in the 1980s as an acid jazz group called Brothers International. The group came up with the Heavies name after signing their first record contract, as The Brand New Heavies they gained a cult following in the London club scene and soon signed to Cooltempo as acid jazz replaced rare groove in clubs. The band issued a recording for Eddie Pillers Acid Jazz label in 1990 with Jay Ella Ruth as lead singer. A single, Got to Give, came out on Cooltempo before the Brand New Heavies signed to Acid Jazz Records and released Brand New Heavies to critical acclaim. The band signed to a division of Chrysalis Records in the UK, and American distribution was picked up by influential label Delicious Vinyl, the groups appearance with MC Serch and Q-Tip at a performance in New York City, inspired the group to incorporate elements of hip hop music. Their next album was the critically acclaimed Heavy Rhyme Experience, Vol.1, which included collaborations with Guru of Gang Starr and The Pharcyde, among others, but lacked any female vocals. The Brand New Heavies released Brother Sister in 1994 which was the last album for a while with NDea Davenport, who had left to complete her solo album. The album spawned singles, though one of them, a cover of Maria Muldaurs Midnight at the Oasis, was popular only in the UK because it was not included in the US version of the album. Siedah Garrett joined the group for their album, Shelter. It contained the hit, the Carole King-penned song Youve Got a Friend that was originally made famous by James Taylor. Again, though, this song did not appear on the US version of the album, the album also contained the hit Sometimes. The remix of Sometimes included the rap vocals of Q-Tip, for We Wont Stop album, The Brand New Heavies relied on singer/songwriter Sy Smith for the bulk of the female vocals. Original member Jan Kincaid takes the lead on three of the tracks, and Los Angeles-based poet Gina Loring makes several appearances on the album. Where the Heavies typical sound had typically been more 1970s funk-styled and acoustically driven, We Wont Stop sees the band experimenting with electronic elements. The album marked the first commercial release of What Do You Take Me For, the track would be later re-recorded in a more modern configuration with Nicole Russo on lead for the Allabouthefunk album. In April 2006, the Brand New Heavies reunited with NDea Davenport, a new album, Get Used to It was released on 27 June 2006 via Starbucks and more traditional music retail outlets. The album was recorded in New York and London, and the lead single I Dont Know Why was issued in early May
Brand New Heavies
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The Brand New Heavies
38.
Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)
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Ophelia is the title of a 1998 album, film, and song by Natalie Merchant. Kind & Generous was the most successful single of the album, Break Your Heart also received single and video treatment. These and the videos from the album, plus three from Tigerlily, were gathered on a Warner Music Vision home video, also entitled Ophelia. I love the opportunity to flex my thespian muscle, Merchant quips on it, the song King of May is a tribute to poet Allen Ginsberg. In 2009, a line from My Skin, accompanied by images of animal abuse and it was also featured in the television series Alias some years earlier. Kind & Generous, The Living, Break Your Heart and Life is Sweet appeared on Merchants best-of collection, Retrospective, 1995–2005
Break Your Heart (Natalie Merchant song)
–
Ophelia
39.
Chris Botti
–
Christopher Stephen Chris Botti, is an American trumpeter and composer. In 2013, Botti won the Grammy Award in the Best Pop Instrumental Album category and he was also nominated in 2008 for his album Italia and received three nominations in 2010 for the live album Chris Botti In Boston. Four of his albums have reached the No.1 position on the Billboard jazz albums chart and he was born in Portland, Oregon and raised in Corvallis, although he also spent two years of his childhood in Italy. His earliest musical influence was his mother, a trained pianist. He started playing the trumpet at nine-years-old, and committed to the instrument at age 12 when he heard Miles Davis play My Funny Valentine, in 1981, he was selected as a member of McDonalds All American High School Jazz band which marked his first Carnegie Hall performance. At the age of 17, he ended up at Mount Hood Community College in Gresham, Oregon, Botti constructed the scenario so that he could also play at Portland clubs in the evening. Mount Hoods program was headed by Larry McVey, whose band had come to be a ground and regular stop for Stan Kenton. It was here Botti played alongside his friend, trombonist and future Academy Award nominated filmmaker, after graduating from high school, Botti studied under jazz educator David Baker and trumpet professor Bill Adam at the Indiana University School of Music. Botti left Indiana University during his year for short touring stints with Frank Sinatra. In 1985, he moved to New York City to hone his craft as a studio musician, in 1990, he began a decade long touring and recording relationship with Paul Simon which broadened his exposure to other singers. During that period, he also performed/recorded with Aretha Franklin, Natalie Cole, Bette Midler, Joni Mitchell, Natalie Merchant, Scritti Politti, Roger Daltrey and others. On August 15,1991, Botti performed with Paul Simon in New York’s Central Park as part of The Rhythm of the Saints tour, the performance was commercially released as the Concert in the Park CD. While on tour with Simon, he met saxophonist Michael Brecker, the album won a 1995 Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Performance. Bottis solo debut, First Wish, was released in 1995, his effort, Midnight Without You. These were followed by Slowing Down The World in 1999, which included contributions from Sting. Botti was also a member of Bruford Levin Upper Extremities, a more experimental and he composed the score and recorded a soundtrack for the 1996 film Caught. In 1999, Botti was invited to tour with Sting as a featured soloist in the Brand New Day tour, the two-year run culminated in All This Time, a CD/DVD-taping and webcast performance from Sting’s estate in Tuscany on September 11,2001. Botti attributes his relationship with Sting as having changed the course of his career, Botti was introduced to Columbia by Bobby Colomby, drummer and founding member of Blood, Sweat & Tears, who went on to become his producer and manager
Chris Botti
–
Chris Botti
40.
The Innocence Mission
–
The Innocence Mission is an American folk rock band centered on husband-and-wife singer-songwriters Karen and Don Peris. The group, including Mike Bitts and Steve Brown, was formed in Lancaster, although all members of the band have contributed musically, Karen Peris is its main writer. Before being signed to a label, the band originally played local clubs, events. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1989 on A&M Records and was produced by Larry Klein, Klein also produced their 1991 follow up, Umbrella. Their third and final A&M album, Glow, was produced by Dennis Herring and this album is a departure from Kleins heavier production style. Glow contains songs that appear on the soundtracks of the films Empire Records and Dream for an Insomniac, the albums second track, Bright As Yellow, peaked at #33 on Billboard’s Modern Rock Tracks. After the band completed the recording of an album to Glow. The group decided to part ways with the label, shortly before it was merged with other companies to form Interscope-Geffen-A&M. The album recorded during this period remains unreleased, in 1999, the band signed to a new label, Kneeling Elephant, a sub-label of RCA Records. Additionally, drummer Steve Brown left the band to pursue a career as a chef, with the exception of his sole contribution - drums and brushes on Snow - the subsequent album, Birds of My Neighborhood, is largely bereft of drums. The album was followed by the release of The Lakes of Canada EP - which contains their one and only remix thus far, an exclusive one-album deal signed with independent label WhatAreRecords. Saw Small Planes following a year later, the album, which consisted of unreleased recordings made between 1996–2001, contained one song from the unreleased album recorded for A&M in 1996. Recorded over two weeks in August 2004, the album contained one song, as well as their well-known cover of Henry Mancinis Moon River. Badman Records acquired license to re-master and re-issue the then-out-of-print Birds of My Neighborhood album in 2006 and we Walked in Song was released in 2007. On June 6,2008, Bright as Yellow was played as the official NASA wake-up call for the crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-124 on flight day 7. Their most recent studio album, Hello I Feel the Same, was released on October 17,2015, Karen Peris released her first solo album, Violet, on December 3,2012. The ten song album was performed mainly on piano, and features six instrumental compositions, Don Peris appears as guitarist on two songs found on the release, while the couples two children performed violin and viola on a further two songs. A version of the album containing two tracks, First Days in the City and Getting Here, were released in Japan through P-Vine Records on May 15,2013
The Innocence Mission
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The Innocence Mission
41.
William Shakespeare
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William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the Bard of Avon and his extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright, Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children, Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a career in London as an actor, writer. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, at age 49, Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, in his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and it was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as not of an age, but for all time. In the 20th and 21st centuries, his works have been adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship. His plays remain highly popular and are studied, performed. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden and he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April. This date, which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholars mistake, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and he was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, the consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaways neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage, twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596, after the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. The exception is the appearance of his name in the bill of a law case before the Queens Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589
William Shakespeare
–
The
Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed.
National Portrait Gallery, London.
William Shakespeare
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John Shakespeare's house, believed to be
Shakespeare's birthplace, in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
William Shakespeare
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Shakespeare's coat of arms, as it appears on the rough draft of the application to grant a coat-of-arms to John Shakespeare. It features a spear as a
pun on the family name.
William Shakespeare
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Shakespeare's funerary monument in Stratford-upon-Avon.
42.
Ophelia
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Ophelia is a character in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. She is a noblewoman of Denmark, the daughter of Polonius, sister of Laertes. She is one of the two characters in the play. In Ophelias first speaking appearance in the play, she is seen with her brother, Laertes, Laertes warns her that Hamlet, the heir to the throne of Denmark, does not have the freedom to marry whomever he wants. Ophelias father, Polonius, who enters while Laertes is leaving, also forbids Ophelia from pursuing Hamlet, based on what Ophelia told him, Polonius concludes that he was wrong to forbid Ophelia from seeing Hamlet, and that Hamlet must be mad with love for her. Polonius immediately decides to go to Claudius, the new King of Denmark and also Hamlets uncle and stepfather, Polonius later suggests to Claudius that they hide behind an arras to overhear Hamlet speaking to Ophelia, when Hamlet thinks the conversation is private. Since Polonius is now sure that Hamlet is lovesick for Ophelia, Claudius agrees to try the eavesdropping plan later. The plan leads to what is called the Nunnery Scene. Polonius instructs Ophelia to stand in the lobby of the castle while he, Hamlet enters the room in a different world from the others, and recites his To be, or not to be soliloquy. Hamlet approaches Ophelia and talks to her, saying Get thee to a nunnery, Hamlet asks Ophelia where her father is and she lies to him, saying her father must be at home. Hamlet realizes he is being spied and he exits after declaring, I say we will have no more marriages. Ophelia is left bewildered and heartbroken, sure that Hamlet is insane and she knows that ultimately it is she that broke him because she lied. She was the woman he had loved and a friend whom he trusted, after Hamlet storms out, Ophelia makes her O, what a noble mind is here oerthrown soliloquy. The next time Ophelia appears is at the Mousetrap Play, which Hamlet has arranged in order to try to prove that Claudius killed King Hamlet, Hamlet sits with Ophelia and makes sexually suggestive remarks, he also says that womans love is brief. Later that night, after the play, Hamlet kills Polonius during a meeting between Hamlet and his mother, Queen Gertrude. At Ophelias next appearance, after her fathers death, she has gone mad and she talks in riddles and rhymes, and sings some mad and bawdy songs about death and a maiden losing her virginity. She exits after bidding everyone a good night, the last time Ophelia appears in the play is after Laertes comes to the castle to challenge Claudius over the death of his father, Polonius. Ophelia sings more songs and hands out flowers, citing their symbolic meanings, although interpretations of the meanings differ
Ophelia
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John William Waterhouse 's painting Ophelia (1894)
Ophelia
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Hamlet, Act IV, Scene V (Ophelia Before the King and Queen), Benjamin West, 1792
Ophelia
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Ophelia by
John Everett Millais (1852) is part of the
Tate Gallery collection. His painting influenced the image in
Kenneth Branagh 's Hamlet
Ophelia
–
Ophelia by
Alexandre Cabanel
43.
Hamlet
–
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlets father, Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brothers widow. It has inspired many other writers—from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Charles Dickens to James Joyce and he almost certainly wrote his version of the title role for his fellow actor, Richard Burbage, the leading tragedian of Shakespeares time. In the 400 years since its inception, the role has been performed by highly acclaimed actors in each successive century. Three different early versions of the play are extant, the First Quarto, the Second Quarto, each version includes lines and entire scenes missing from the others. The plays structure and depth of characterisation have inspired much critical scrutiny, the protagonist of Hamlet is Prince Hamlet of Denmark, son of the recently deceased King Hamlet, and nephew of King Claudius, his fathers brother and successor. Claudius hastily married King Hamlets widow, Gertrude, Hamlets mother, Denmark has a long-standing feud with neighboring Norway, which culminated when King Hamlet slew King Fortinbras of Norway in a battle years ago. Although Denmark defeated Norway, and the Norwegian throne fell to King Fortinbrass infirm brother, Denmark fears that an invasion led by the dead Norwegian kings son, Prince Fortinbras, is imminent. On a cold night on the ramparts of Elsinore, the Danish royal castle and they vow to tell Prince Hamlet what they have witnessed. As the court gathers the next day, while King Claudius and Queen Gertrude discuss affairs of state with their elderly adviser Polonius, after the court exits, Hamlet despairs of his fathers death and his mothers hasty remarriage. Learning of the ghost from Horatio, Hamlet resolves to see it himself, as Poloniuss son Laertes prepares to depart for a visit to France, Polonius gives him contradictory advice that culminates in the ironic maxim to thine own self be true. Poloniuss daughter, Ophelia, admits her interest in Hamlet, and that night on the rampart, the ghost appears to Hamlet, telling the prince that he was murdered by Claudius and demanding that Hamlet avenge him. Hamlet agrees and the ghost vanishes, the prince confides to Horatio and the sentries that from now on he plans to put an antic disposition on and forces them to swear to keep his plans for revenge secret. Privately, however, he remains uncertain of the ghosts reliability, soon thereafter, Ophelia rushes to her father, telling him that Hamlet arrived at her door the prior night half-undressed and behaving crazily. Polonius blames love for Hamlets madness and resolves to inform Claudius, as he enters to do so, the king and queen finish welcoming Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two student acquaintances of Hamlet, to Elsinore. The royal couple has requested that the students investigate the cause of Hamlets mood, additional news requires that Polonius wait to be heard, messengers from Norway inform Claudius that the King of Norway has rebuked Prince Fortinbras for attempting to re-fight his fathers battles. The forces that Fortinbras conscripted to march against Denmark will instead be sent against Poland, Polonius tells Claudius and Gertrude his theory regarding Hamlets behavior, and speaks to Hamlet in a hall of the castle to try to uncover more information. Hamlet feigns madness but subtly insults Polonius all the while, when Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet greets his friends warmly, but quickly discerns that they are spies
Hamlet
–
The American actor
Edwin Booth as
Hamlet, ca. 1870
Hamlet
–
Hamlet mistakenly stabs Polonius (Artist: Coke Smyth, 19th century).
Hamlet
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The "gravedigger scene" (Artist:
Eugène Delacroix, 1839)
Hamlet
–
A facsimile of
Gesta Danorum by
Saxo Grammaticus, which contains the legend of Amleth
44.
VH1
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VH1 is an American cable television network based in New York City that is owned by the Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of Viacom Media Networks. The channel was first launched on January 1,1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting Systems short-lived Cable Music Channel and it was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV. As of February 2015, approximately 92.6 million US households receive VH1, also frequently featured in the networks early years were videos for Motown and other 60s oldies consisting of newsreel and concert footage. It was introduced on January 1,1985 with the performance of The Star-Spangled Banner by Marvin Gaye. From the start, Video Hits One was branded as a version of its sister/parent channel. It played more jazz and R&B artists than MTV and had a rotation of urban-contemporary performers. Its early on-camera personalities were New York radio veterans Don Imus, Frankie Crocker, Scott Shannon, Jon Bauman, Bobby Rivers, later VJs included Tim Byrd of WPIX-FM, a station whose eclectic ballad-and-R&B oriented format mirrored that of VH-1, and Alison Steele. Rosie ODonnell later joined the outlets veejay lineup, ODonnell would also host a comedy show featuring various comedians each episode. The format left room for occasional ad-libs by the VJ, a godsend for emcees such as Imus, in true Imus style, he used a 1985 segment of his VH-1 show to jokingly call smooth-jazz icon Sade Adu a grape for her oval-shaped head. At first many different musicians guest-hosted the program, but eventually musician/songwriter Ben Sidran became the permanent host, new-Age music videos continued to play on the channel into the 1990s. They would be seen on the Sunday morning 2-hour music video block titled Sunday Brunch, once VH1 established itself a few years later, they catered to Top 40, adult contemporary, classic rock, and 1980s mainstream pop. For a time, even music videos aired in a one-hour block during the afternoons. They started out using MTVs famous Kabel typeface font for their music video credit tags and it was later replaced in 1991 by a larger font, with the year the video was made added to the lower column that identified the label on which the album was released. In 1993, the name of the director was included at the bottom of the credits. Every week, the Top 21 Video Countdown usually had a different guest host, occasionally, they had themed countdowns as well, such as Elvira hosting scary videos for Halloween in 1991. Long blocks of videos by a particular artist or band, theme. One popular weekend program was called Video Rewind, in blocks of 1980s videos from one particular year would play for an hour. There was also a short-lived hour-long program called By Request in which viewers could call a 1–900 hotline number to request their videos, also in 1991, a popular morning program was introduced called Hits News & Weather that ran from 7 AM to 9 AM ET
VH1
45.
Sarah McLachlan
–
Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC, OBC is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist. Known for her ballads and mezzo-soprano vocal range, as of 2009. McLachlans best-selling album to date is Surfacing, for which she won two Grammy Awards and four Juno Awards, in addition to her personal artistic efforts, she founded the Lilith Fair tour, which showcased female musicians on an unprecedented scale. The Lilith Fair concert tours took place from 1997 to 1999, on May 6,2014, she released her first album of original music in four years, titled Shine On. Sarah McLachlan was born on January 28,1968, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as a child, she took voice lessons, along with studies in classical piano and guitar. When she was 17 years old and still a student at Queen Elizabeth High School in Halifax, she fronted a short-lived rock band called The October Game. One of the songs, Grind, credited as a group composition, can be found on the independent Flamingo Records release Out of the Fog. It has yet to be released elsewhere and her high school yearbook predicted that she was destined to become a famous rock star. She finally signed to Nettwerk two years later before having written a single song, a mutual acquaintance introduced her to her birth mother when she was nineteen. McLachlan did not seek her out and was ambivalent about meeting her, in 1994 McLachlan was sued by Uwe Vandrei, an obsessed fan from Ottawa, who alleged that his letters to her had been the basis of the single Possession. The lawsuit was also challenging for the Canadian legal system, Vandrei was an admitted stalker whose acknowledged goal in filing the lawsuit was to be near McLachlan, consequently, precautions were taken to ensure McLachlans safety if she had to be in the same location as Vandrei. Before the trial however, Vandrei was found dead in an apparent suicide. Vandreis preoccupation with McLachlan was explored at length in Canadian author Judith Fitzgeralds book, Building a Mystery, in 1997, McLachlan married her drummer, Ashwin Sood, in Jamaica. While she was pregnant with her first child, her mother died from cancer in December 2001, while working on her next album, Afterglow, she gave birth to daughter India Ann Sushil Sood in Vancouver on April 6,2002. On June 22,2007 she gave birth to her daughter, Taja Summer Sood. McLachlan announced her separation from Ashwin Sood in September 2008 and they divorced the same year, the signing with Nettwerk prompted McLachlan to move to Vancouver, British Columbia. There she recorded her first album, Touch, in 1988, during this period she also contributed to an album by Moev, and embarked on her first national concert tour as an opening act for The Grapes of Wrath. Her 1991 album, Solace, was her breakthrough in Canada, spawning the hit singles The Path of Thorns
Sarah McLachlan
–
McLachlan after a performance at JFK Airport, July 2010
Sarah McLachlan
–
McLachlan at a 1993 benefit for
Clayoquot Sound
Sarah McLachlan
–
McLachlan in
Menlo Park, California, USA
Sarah McLachlan
–
McLachlan performing for
Good Morning America in 1998
46.
Lilith Fair
–
Lilith Fair was a concert tour and travelling music festival, founded by Canadian musician Sarah McLachlan, Nettwerk Music Groups Dan Fraser and Terry McBride, and New York talent agent Marty Diamond. It took place during the summers of 1997 to 1999, and was revived in the summer of 2010 and it consisted solely of female solo artists and female-led bands. In its initial three years, Lilith Fair raised over $10M for charity, in 1996, Canadian Sarah McLachlan became frustrated with concert promoters and radio stations that refused to feature two female musicians in a row. Bucking conventional industry wisdom, she booked a tour for herself. The next year, McLachlan founded the Lilith Fair tour, taking Lilith from the medieval Jewish legend that Lilith was Adams first wife, in 1997, Lilith Fair garnered a $16 million gross, making it the top-grossing of any touring festival. Among all concert tours for that year, it was the 16th highest grossing, in 2010, Lilith Fair staged a revival with mixed results, as several dates were canceled and many performers backed out of scheduled performances. In March 2011, co-founder Sarah McLachlan declared that the Lilith concept was no longer being considered for future shows, due to changing audience views, the artists appearing at Lilith Fair varied by date. Appearances were organized into three stages, almost all Village Stage artists performed only one or two dates. Many of them won slots on the bill in a series of talent searches in their home cities. Dates The artists appearing at Lilith Fair varied by date, appearances were organized into three stages. Almost all Village Stage artists performed only one or two dates, many of them won slots on the bill in a series of local talent searches in their home cities. Dates The artists appearing at Lilith Fair varied by date, appearances were organized into three stages. The tour was plagued with problems from the beginning. The first seven shows were attended and the eighth show was the first to be cancelled. Initially Sarah McLachlan claimed that the July 8 Phoenix show was canceled in protest of Arizona Senate Bill 1070, due to poor ticket sales,13 shows were scratched and one reassigned to a smaller venue. The artists appearing at Lilith Fair vary by date, appearances are organized into three stages. Below is a list of artists who have performed at Lilith Fair in the 2010 revival, moondance International Film Festival External Connections Paula Cole Interview Sarah McLachlan Official Lilith Fair Website
Lilith Fair
–
The main stage, September 22, 1998,
Great Woods,
Mansfield, Massachusetts.
47.
VH1 Storytellers
–
Storytellers is a television music series produced by the VH1 network. In each episode artists perform in front of a live audience, the show started in 1996 with a broadcast of Ray Davies, during his Storyteller tour, and took its name from this first show. As of February 2016,97 episodes have aired, and many of the performances have subsequently released on CD or DVD. Best of collections have also been released, meat Loaf enjoyed the show so much that he bought the stage decorations from VH-1 and went on to do a Storytellers tour in 1998/1999
VH1 Storytellers
–
VH1 Storytellers
48.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
PBS
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PBS
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George Gershwin
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George Jacob Gershwin was an American composer and pianist. Gershwins compositions spanned both popular and classical genres, and his most popular melodies are widely known, among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris as well as the opera Porgy and Bess. Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell and he began his career as a song plugger, but soon started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin, and Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger, who refused him, after returning to New York City, he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and the author DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial failure, Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century, Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from a malignant brain tumor – glioblastoma multiforme. Gershwins compositions have been adapted for use in films and for television. Many celebrated singers and musicians have covered his songs, Gershwin was of Russian Jewish and Ukrainian Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, had served for 25 years as a mechanic for the Imperial Russian Army to earn the right of travel and residence as a Jew. His teenage son, Moishe Gershowitz, worked as a cutter for womens shoes. Moishe Gershowitz met and fell in love with Roza Bruskina, the daughter of a furrier in Vilnius. She and her family moved to New York due to increasing anti-Jewish sentiment in Russia, Moishe, faced with compulsory military service if he remained in Russia, moved to America as soon as he could afford to. Once in New York, he changed his first name to Morris, Gershowitz lived with a maternal uncle in Brooklyn, working as a foreman in a womens shoe factory. When he married Rose on July 21,1895, Gershowitz soon Americanized his name to Gershwine. Their first child was born on December 6,1896, Gershwin then moved his family into a second-floor apartment on Brooklyns Snediker Avenue. Their second son, soon to be renamed George, was born at there on September 26,1898 and his birth certificate identifies him as Jacob Gershwine, with the surname pronounced Gersh-vin in the Russian and Yiddish immigrant community. He was named after his grandfather, the one time Russian army mechanic, American practice by then was to give children a first and a middle name, but had no other. He changed the spelling of his name to Gershwin when he became a professional musician, George and Ira lived in many different residences, as their father changed dwellings with each new enterprise which he became involved in. Mostly, the boys grew up around the Yiddish Theater District and they frequented the local Yiddish theaters, with George occasionally appearing onstage as an extra
George Gershwin
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George Gershwin in 1937
George Gershwin
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George Gershwin, c. 1935.
George Gershwin
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Gershwin's mausoleum in
Westchester Hills Cemetery
George Gershwin
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Birthday party honoring
Maurice Ravel in New York City, March 8, 1928. From left:
Oskar Fried;
Éva Gauthier; Ravel at piano;
Manoah Leide-Tedesco; and George Gershwin.
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