1.
Caracas
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Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital, the center of the Greater Caracas Area, and the largest city of Venezuela. Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the part of the country. Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 910 m above sea level, the valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2, 200-metre-high mountain range, Cerro El Ávila, to the south there are more hills and mountains. Libertador holds many of the government buildings and is the Capital District, the Distrito Capital had a population of 2,013,366 as of 2011, while the Metropolitan District of Caracas was estimated at 3,273,863 as of 2013. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an population of 5,243,301. Businesses that are located in the city include service companies, banks and it has a largely service-based economy, apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area. The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela are headquartered in Caracas, PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela. Caracas is also Venezuelas cultural capital, with restaurants, theaters, museums. Some of the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America are located in Caracas, in 2015, Venezuela and its capital, Caracas, had the highest per capita murder rates in the world, with 119 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Most murders and other violent crimes go unsolved, at the time of the founding of the city in 1567, the valley of Caracas was populated by indigenous peoples. Francisco Fajardo, the son of a Spanish captain and a Guaiqueri cacica, fajardos settlement did not last long. It was destroyed by natives of the led by Terepaima. This was the last rebellion on the part of the natives, on 25 July 1567, Captain Diego de Losada laid the foundations of the city of Santiago de León de Caracas. The foundation −1567 – I take possession of land in the name of God. In 1577 Caracas became the capital of the Spanish Empires Venezuela Province under Governor Juan de Pimentel, during the 17th century, the coast of Venezuela was frequently raided by pirates. With the coastal mountains as a barrier, Caracas was relatively immune to such attacks, encountering little resistance, the invaders sacked and set fire to the town after a failed ransom negotiation. As the cocoa cultivation and exports under the Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas grew in importance, in 1777, Caracas became the capital of the Captaincy General of Venezuela. José María España and Manuel Gual led a revolution aimed at independence
2.
Venezuela
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Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south, Guyana on the east, Venezuela covers 916,445 km2 and has an estimated population of 31775371. The territory now known as Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid resistance from indigenous peoples and it gained full independence as a separate country in 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, since 1958, the country has had a series of democratic governments. This new constitution changed the name of the country to República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Venezuela is a presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District. Venezuela also claims all Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River, oil was discovered in the early 20th century, and Venezuela has the worlds largest known oil reserves and has been one of the worlds leading exporters of oil. Previously an underdeveloped exporter of commodities such as coffee and cocoa, oil quickly came to dominate exports. The recovery of oil prices in the early 2000s gave Venezuela oil funds not seen since the 1980s, the Venezuelan government then established populist policies that initially boosted the Venezuelan economy and increased social spending, significantly reducing economic inequality and poverty. However, such policies later became controversial since they destabilized the economy, resulting in hyperinflation, an economic depression. According to the most popular and accepted version, in 1499, the stilt houses in the area of Lake Maracaibo reminded the navigator, Amerigo Vespucci, of the city of Venice, so he named the region Veneziola Piccola Venezia. The name acquired its current spelling as a result of Spanish influence, where the suffix -uela is used as a term, thus. The German language 16th century-term for the area, Klein-Venedig, also means little Venice, however, Martín Fernández de Enciso, a member of the Vespucci and Ojeda crew, gave a different account. In his work Summa de geografía, he states that they found people who called themselves the Veneciuela. Thus, the name Venezuela may have evolved from the native word and it is not known how many people lived in Venezuela before the Spanish conquest, it has been estimated at around one million. In addition to indigenous peoples known today, the population included historic groups such as the Kalina, Auaké, Caquetio, Mariche, the Timoto-Cuica culture was the most complex society in Pre-Columbian Venezuela, with pre-planned permanent villages, surrounded by irrigated, terraced fields. They also stored water in tanks and their houses were made primarily of stone and wood with thatched roofs. They were peaceful, for the most part, and depended on growing crops, regional crops included potatoes and ullucos
3.
Los Caobos Park
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The Caobos Park is one of the oldest parks of Caracas, Venezuela. Later in 1937 the City Council renames Los Caobos given the number of big-leaf mahogany trees that existed on the site since the colonial era. It place for one of the most important collections of ancient trees of Caracas, at the entrance of the park is the statue of Teresa de la Parra, by the sculptor Carmen Cecilia Knight Blanch. One of the most outstanding works of the park is the Fountain Venezuela by the Catalan architect Ernesto Maragall, the fountain is composed of various human figures representing the different regions of the country. This fountain was located in Plaza Venezuela until 1967
4.
Museo de Bellas Artes (Caracas)
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The Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum in Caracas, Venezuela. It was founded in 1917, and was housed in the building now known as the Palacio de las Academias. Its current buildings were designed by architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva, a 1930s neoclassical structure and a 1970s brutalist structure. In the 1970s the Museum moved out of the building to provide a home for the newly established National Art Gallery. It has reoccupied this space since the inauguration of a new building for the National Art Gallery in 2009, the collections include ceramics and ancient Egyptian art
5.
Camille Pissarro
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Camille Pissarro was a Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter born on the island of St Thomas. His importance resides in his contributions to both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, Pissarro studied from great forerunners, including Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. He later studied and worked alongside Georges Seurat and Paul Signac when he took on the Neo-Impressionist style at the age of 54, in 1873 he helped establish a collective society of fifteen aspiring artists, becoming the pivotal figure in holding the group together and encouraging the other members. Cézanne said he was a father for me, a man to consult and a little like the good Lord, and he was also one of Gauguins masters. Renoir referred to his work as revolutionary, through his portrayals of the common man. Pissarro is the only artist to have shown his work at all eight Paris Impressionist exhibitions and he acted as a father figure not only to the Impressionists but to all four of the major Post-Impressionists, including Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin. Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro was born on 10 July 1830 on the island of St. Thomas to Frederick and his father was of Portuguese Jewish descent and held French nationality. His mother was from a French-Jewish family from the island of St. Thomas and his father was a merchant who came to the island from France to deal with the hardware store of a deceased uncle and married his widow. The marriage caused a stir within St. Thomas small Jewish community because she was married to Fredericks uncle. In subsequent years his four children were forced to attend the primary school. Upon his death, his will specified that his estate be split equally between the synagogue and St. Thomas Protestant church, when Camille was twelve his father sent him to boarding school in France. He studied at the Savary Academy in Passy near Paris, while a young student, he developed an early appreciation of the French art masters. Monsieur Savary himself gave him a grounding in drawing and painting and suggested he draw from nature when he returned to St. Thomas. However, his father preferred he work in his business, giving him a job working as a cargo clerk and he took every opportunity during those next five years at the job to practise drawing during breaks and after work. When he turned twenty-one, Danish artist Fritz Melbye, then living on St. Thomas, inspired Pissarro to take on painting as a profession, becoming his teacher. Pissarro then chose to leave his family and job and live in Venezuela and he drew everything he could, including landscapes, village scenes, and numerous sketches, enough to fill up multiple sketchbooks. In 1855 he moved back to Paris where he working as assistant to Anton Melbye. In Paris he worked as assistant to Danish painter Anton Melbye and he also studied paintings by other artists whose style impressed him, Courbet, Charles-François Daubigny, Jean-François Millet, and Corot
6.
Arturo Michelena
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Francisco Arturo Michelena Castillo was a Venezuelan painter born in Valencia, Carabobo State. He began to paint at an age under his fathers tutelage. Traveled to Paris where he studied in the famous Académie Julian and he was the first Venezuelan artist to succeed overseas and, with Cristóbal Rojas and Martín Tovar y Tovar, one of the most important Venezuelan painters of the 19th century. His first great success occurred in Paris at Le Salon des Artistes Français in 1887, the painting was quickly considered a masterpiece and was acquired by the Astors in New York in the late 19th century. Later the painting traveled to South Florida when it was acquired by Owens Burns, a partner of John Ringling. After Burns death the painting was stored in the Ringling Museums vaults where it remained away from view for more than 60 years. In 2004 Sothebys rescued the canvas and arranged for it to be included in an auction of Latin American art, the painting was sold for the record amount of US$1,350,000. Media related to Arturo Michelena at Wikimedia Commons
7.
Francisco de Miranda
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Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza, commonly known as Francisco de Miranda, was a military leader and Venezuelan revolutionary. Miranda led a romantic and adventurous life in the political and intellectual climate that emerged from the Age of Enlightenment that influenced all of the Atlantic Revolutions. He participated in three major historical and political movements of his time, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolution and he described his experiences over this time in his journal, which reached to 63 bound volumes. An idealist, he developed a plan to liberate and unify all of Spanish America. He was handed over to his enemies and four years later, Miranda was born in Caracas, Venezuela Province, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada, and baptized on April 5,1750. Growing up, Miranda enjoyed a wealthy upbringing and attended the finest private schools, however, he was not necessarily a member of high society, he faced some discrimination due to his Canarian roots, and his heritage was continually put into question by the Criollo aristocracy. Miranda was first tutored by Jesuits, Jorge Lindo and Juan Santaella, on January 10,1762, Miranda began his studies at the Royal and Pontifical University of Caracas, where he studied Latin, the early grammar of Nebrija, and the Catechism of Ripalda for two years. Miranda completed this course in September 1764 and became an upperclassman. Between 1764 and 1766, Miranda continued his studies, studying the writings of Cicero and Virgil, grammar, history, religion, geography, in June 1767, Miranda received his baccalaureate degree in the Humanities. It is unknown if Miranda received the title of Doctor, as the evidence in favor of this title is his personal testimony stating he received it in 1767. Beginning in 1767, Mirandas studies were disrupted in part due to his fathers rising prominence in Caracas society. In 1764, Sebastian de Miranda was appointed the captain of the militia known as the Company of the White Canary Islanders by the governor. Sebastian de Miranda directed his regiment for five years, but his new title, in retaliation, a competing faction formed a militia of its own and two local aristocrats, Don Juan Nicolas de Ponte and Don Martin Tovar Blanco, filed a complaint against Sebastian de Miranda. In 1769, Sebastian produced a genealogy to prove that his family had no African ancestors. In 1770, Sebastian won his familys rights through a royal patent, signed by Charles III. Miranda landed at the Port of Cadiz on March 1,1771, on March 28,1771, Miranda travelled to Madrid and took an interest in the libraries, architecture, and art that he found there. In Madrid, Miranda pursued his education, especially modern languages and he also sought to expand his knowledge of mathematics, history, and political science, as he aimed to serve the Spanish Crown as a military officer. It was in Madrid that Miranda began to build his personal library, in January 1773, Mirandas father transferred 85,000 reales vellon, to help his son obtain the position of captain in the Princesss Regiment
8.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
9.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
10.
Landmark
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A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances. In modern use, the term can also be applied to structures or features. In old English the word landmearc was used to describe a set up to mark the boundaries of a kingdom, estate. 1560, this understanding of landmark was replaced by a general one. A landmark became an object in a landscape. A landmark literally meant a geographic feature used by explorers and others to find their way back or through an area. For example, the Table Mountain near Cape Town, South Africa is used as the landmark to sailors to navigate around southern tip of Africa during the Age of Exploration. Artificial structures are sometimes built to assist sailors in naval navigation. The Lighthouse of Alexandria and Colossus of Rhodes are ancient structures built to lead ships to the port, in modern usage, a landmark includes anything that is easily recognizable, such as a monument, building, or other structure. In American English it is the term used to designate places that might be of interest to tourists due to notable physical features or historical significance. Landmarks in the British English sense are often used for casual navigation and this is done in American English as well. In urban studies as well as in geography, a landmark is furthermore defined as a point of reference that helps orienting in a familiar or unfamiliar environment. Landmarks are often used in verbal route instructions and as such an object of study by linguists as well as in fields of study. Landmarks are usually classified as either natural landmarks or man-made landmarks, a variant is a seamark or daymark, a structure usually built intentionally to aid sailors navigating featureless coasts. Natural landmarks can be characteristic features, such as mountains or plateaus, examples of natural landmarks are Table Mountain in South Africa, Mount Ararat in Turkey, Uluru in Australia, Mount Fuji in Japan and Grand Canyon in the United States. Trees might also serve as landmarks, such as jubilee oaks or conifers. Some landmark trees may be nicknamed, examples being Queens Oak, church spires and mosques minarets are often very tall and visible from many miles around, thus often serve as built landmarks. Also town hall towers and belfries often have a landmark character, cultural heritage management National landmark National symbol Media related to Landmarks at Wikimedia Commons
11.
Bolivarian Museum
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The Bolivarian Museum is dedicated to Simón Bolívar, the hero of Latin American independence. It is situated in Caracas, Venezuela, the museum is run in tandem with the birthplace of Simón Bolívar. The collections include items related to Bolivar and Venezuelan independence, however, it was not until the twentieth century that a museum was dedicated to Bolívar. President Rómulo Betancourt took the decision to move the museum to its present site next to Bolívars birthplace, the architect responsible, Graziano Gasparini, reconstructed a Spanish Colonial facade for the new building, which was inaugurated in 1960. There are other museums named after Bolivar including a museum at Ziortza-Bolibar, Basque Country, see List of places and things named after Simón Bolivar for more places associated with Bolivar
12.
National Pantheon of Venezuela
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The National Pantheon of Venezuela is a final resting place for national heroes. The Pantheon was created in the 1870s on the site of a church on the northern edge of the old town of Caracas. The entire central nave is dedicated to Simón Bolívar, with the place taken by the heros bronze sarcophagus. The Pantheon was reopened in 2013 after a 3 year long process of expansion and restoration, doctor, leader of the Independence movement. General in the War of Independence, Officer in the War of Independence. Lawyer, soldier and politician, father of President Raimundo Andueza Palacio, Officer in the War of Independence. Military officer and politician in the War of Independence, Officer in the War of Independence. Writer and historian, ambassador to Spain, doctor and officer in the War of Independence. Military and politician of the Federal War, sailor in the Venezuelan Navy during the War of Independence. Officer in the War of Independence, sailor who fought with both San Martín and Simón Bolívar. Liberator of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, Officer in the War of Independence. Officer in the War of Independence, patriot and Heroine of the Venezuelan War of Independence. Josefa Venancio de la Encarnación Camejo, Heroine in the War of Independence. Officer in the War of Independence, Officer in the War of Independence. Officer in the War of Independence, known by his nickname Negro Primero, hero of the War of Independence and fought with Simón Bolívar till his untimely death in the Battle of Carabobo. Officer in the War of Independence, military and politician at the Federal War. Officer in the War of Independence, soldier, politician, and President of Venezuela. Officer in the War of Independence, Officer in the War of Independence
13.
Bet-El Synagogue (Caracas)
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Asociación Bet-El is a sephardic orthodox synagogue in the city of Caracas that is affiliated to the Israelite Association of Venezuela. The synagogue was built between 1969 and 1973, with donations from Brazilian banker Edmond Safra, and is located in the Caracas neighborhood of San Bernardino. Currently, the community is made up mostly of Jews from Aleppo, Melilla and northern Morocco, especially from the cities of Tetouan, the synagogue is located on Avenida Cajigal. The synagogue also has a lounge in the basement, which is used for celebrations and bar and bat mitzvahs, wedding receptions, meals and the sheva Brachot ritual, which was inaugurated in 1988. On the top floor of the building, next to the area of prayers used by women, is a room or Bet Midrash. Available in the synagogue are Torah with Rashi, prayer books in Hebrew and phonetic translation, currently, the rabbi of the synagogue is Isaac Sananes
14.
Caracas Cathedral
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The Caracas Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan archdiocese of Caracas, located on the Plaza Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela. Its chapel of the Holy Trinity is the site of the parents. The Nuestra Senora de Venezuela y Santa Ana is a square situated between the cathedral and the plaza, which is walled on three sides, but open to the east where it faces the cathedral. The church originally built at this location in the century was a mud-walled chapel. It was destroyed during the earthquake of 1641, the building has undergone rebuilding, restoration, or expansion on numerous occasions since. The first construction of the replacing the small church commenced in 1666 under Juan de Medina. The façade, dating from 1771, is the work of Francisco Andrés de Meneses, the building was again damaged in the earthquakes of 1766 and 1812. At 4 pm on Holy Thursday,26 March 1812, an earthquake measuring 7.7 magnitude on the Richter scale struck Caracas, worshippers had assembled in large numbers at the church when the earthquake struck. The cathedral crumbled, killing a few people and injuring many, after the earthquake, one of its towers was damaged and later reduced in size. A frontispiece was constructed in the facade in 1866, the cathedral houses crypt chambers, the most notable of which is the Bolívars, as his parents and young bride are entombed here. Simón Bolívars remains were entombed here from 1842 until 1876 when they were solemnly transferred to the Panteón Nacional. In 1932 and during the 1960s, restoration and modifications were made throughout the building, Juan Bautista Plaza served as the chapel master and organist until 1948. In 1974, the cathedral parishs marriage registry for the period 1615–1831 was published by the Instituto Venezolano de Genealogia, the structure is built from stone with a tile roof. Supported by 24 unadorned pillars, it measures 270 by 81 feet, in 1812, it was noted that the brick steeple held the citys only public clock at the time. The Romanesque plan consists of five naves, a central one, the central nave is separated from the lateral ones by 32 octagonal columns with composite capitals, supporting round arches, the columns were refurbished in the late 19th century. The main altar and altarpiece are inside the presbytery, located at the end of the central nave, the altars are gilded and the side chapels are elaborate in appearance. The prominent altar in the cathedral is of the Bolívar family which is located at the centre, on the right aisle. There is also an altar at the backyard of the cathedral
15.
Mosque of Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim
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The Mosque Ibrahim Ibin Abdul Aziz Al-Ibrahim or Caracas Mosque is a mosque in the El Recreo district of Caracas. It is the second largest mosque in Latin America after the King Fahd Islamic Cultural Center in Buenos Aires, mirroring modern Venezuelas religious tolerance and its oil realpolitik the construction of the mosque began in 1989 by Sheikh Abdulaziz Bin Ibrahim Al Ibrahim. The mosque designed by architect Zuhair Fayez occupies an area of 5000 m², its minaret is 113 metres high, construction of the mosque was completed in 1993. The mosque can hold around 3500 worshipers, rising higher between the Catholic Cathedral a few blocks away and the Caracas Synagogue, the minaret is the highest in the Americas. Mr. Majzoub, a shopkeeper who emigrated from Lebanon in 1968, acknowledged that the 100,000 Muslims in Venezuela were easily surpassed in number by Muslims in Argentina, Brazil and the United States
16.
Church of St. Constantine and Helena (Caracas)
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Church of St. Constantine and St. Helena, located in El Hatillo at the south-east of Caracas. It was donated by the Orthodox Church of Venezuela and the Government of Romania to the Orthodox community living in the capital of Venezuela, the land for its construction was donated by the Mayor. There are only 15 religious temples of its kind in the world and it was built by craftsmen from Maramures district in Transylvania, it was assembled without nails or metal objects in the structure and it is adorned with religious neo-Byzantine paintings. The bell tower rises more than 30 meters, all the pieces of wood for ceilings and walls, were brought from Romania, according sacred traditions to avoid similarities with the hardware and martyrdoms of the crucifixion. It was inaugurated in 1999 and took part in the act Teoctist Arăpașu and it was decorated by Titiana Nitu Popa and Mihaela Profiriu. The structure is intended to be a replica of the church of Șurdești. The dome is a representation of Our Lady of Coromoto. Orthodox church Romanian Orthodox Church Wooden churches of Maramureș Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians Romanian Venezuelan
17.
Caracas Venezuela Temple
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The Caracas Venezuela Temple is the 96th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1995, LDS Church president Gordon B, Hinckley announced plans to construct an LDS temple in Venezuela. Immediately following that announcement, a search was conducted to find a site on which to build. Several properties were considered over the eighteen months but none was chosen. It was finally decided the temple would be built in the city of Caracas on land that the already owned. The groundbreaking of the Caracas Venezuela Temple took place in 1999, unexpected obstacles occurred during the construction of the temple. When digging the foundation, excavators discovered an underground spring, when the water was diverted, the excavation continued. However, the digging caused two major landslides, the first landslide did not cause any damage, but the second did. Eight tons of earth and materials were shifted in the slide, despite these setbacks, the work was completed in just over a year and a half. When Hinckley dedicated the temple on August 20,2000, nearly six thousand members of the LDS Church were in attendance, the Caracas Venezuela Temple has a total of 15,332 square feet, two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms. F. Venezuela Temple a brief history from announcement to dedication by Erin Howarth
18.
Caracas Athenaeum
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The Caracas Athenaeum is a cultural institution centred on the arts. The institution was founded on August 8,1931, the Caracas Athenaeum has always been led by women. The Caracas Athenaeums founder, María Teresa Castillo, served as president from 1958 to 2012, the first president was the musician Maria Luisa Escobar. She led the Atheneum from its first headquarters, a residence which was owned by general Vicencio Pérez Soto, in 1942, there was a change of both, president and location. The presidency went to the hands of actress Anna Julia Rojas, the new location was the place of birth of the educator Andrés Bello. The Athenaeum obtained a home in Los Caobos. The brutalist building was designed by Gustavo Legorburu, who won the National Prize of Architecture for it that same year. It hosted two theatre auditoriums, a hall, a library, a gallery, a cinema, rehearsal rooms. The building is now occupied by the Universidad Experimental Nacional de las Artes, international Theatre Festival of Caracas - Created by Maria Teresa Castillo and the resident theatre director of the time, Carlos Giménez. Considered one of the top theatre festivals of the world, christmas fair - has stands for artisans, silversmiths, antique dealers. Annual painting exhibition - centred on either national or international artists, Theatre season, resident company is Rajatabla. Famous productions include Tu País Está Féliz, Señor Presidente, Bolívar, La Muerte de García Lorca, theater Festival José Angel Porte Acero- Created in 1990 Caracas Athenaeum at caracasvirtual. com
19.
Poliedro de Caracas
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The Poliedro de Caracas is an indoor sports arena, located on the grounds adjacent to Hipodromo La Rinconada, in Caracas, Venezuela. It was designed by architect Thomas C. Howard of Synergetics, Inc, in Raleigh, however, the geodesic dome was not concluded, until 1974, when US firm Charter Industries with Synergetics, Inc designed and manufactured the geodesic dome in Raleigh, NC. Lately, it has also used for government-sponsored political events. It was finished in 1974 and officially inaugurated with the fight between George Foreman and Ken Norton on March 26,1974 and it also served as the stage for many local acts like Melissa, Yordano and Ilan Chester, among others and international acts that visited Venezuela. One of the events that has taken place each year in El Poliedro, is the Miss Venezuela beauty pageant. The Poliedro is the venue of the 2013 FIBA Americas Championship to determine the final four participants in the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup. The following is an incomplete list of the most famous artists who have given concerts in the Poliedro de Caracas
20.
Teatro Municipal of Caracas
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The Teatro Municipal of Caracas is an opera house in Venezuela. It was inaugurated by President Guzmán Blanco in 1881 and it was begun by a French architect and finished by a Venezuelan architect Jesús Muñoz Tébar. It is one of the oldest opera houses in South America, however, it is no longer the citys main opera house since the Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex opened in the 1980s. The Teatro Municipal is the home of the Municipal Symphony Orchestra of Caracas, media related to Teatro Municipal de Caracas at Wikimedia Commons
21.
Miraflores Palace
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The Palacio de Miraflores is the official workplace of the President of Venezuela. It is located on Urdaneta Avenue, Libertador Municipality in Caracas, construction on the building started on 27 April 1884, under the direction of Giuseppe Orsi, intended as the family residence of Joaquin Crespo. Also participating, painter Julián Oñate, Juan Bautista Sales and his team of sculptors, decorators, Miraflores Palace served as presidential residence of Cipriano Castro and then Juan Vicente Gómez, who occupied it until 1913. From 1914 to 1922, it functioned as office to the administration of Victorino Márquez Bustillos. In 1923, Miraflores witnessed the murder of Vice-president Juan Crisóstomo Gómez, from 1931 to 1935, the palace was uninhabited, guarded by the army. During the governments of Eleazar López Contreras and Isaías Medina Angarita, in 1945, Rómulo Betancourt became the first president who identified the seat of government as Miraflores Palace, replacing the name Federal Palace. In the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, architect Luis Malaussena introduced radical changes inside the palace, the succeeding administrations made some additions, a Japanese garden, an administration building, the Ayacucho Hall, and the Bicentennial square. In the first period of Rafael Caldera, construction of the Administrative Building began, in February 1979, the palace was declared a National Historical Monument. During the government of Luis Herrera Campins, the Administrative Building, in the mid 1980s, the area for the Council of Ministers was extended. During the 1990s and 2000s, restoration of the aspects of the palace began. Miraflores has sometimes been the residence of the president of Venezuela, in February 2007, the Simón Bolívar Press Room opened. With a volume of documents of nearly 15 million pages, the Miraflores Historical Archive has the mission to preserve the files of Venezuelan presidents and this action marked the beginning of the processes of recovery and preservation of documentary information generated by the presidency. The documentary fund filed documents from 1899 until 1983, the different document types that comprise the fund, originated a rating system divided in chronological sections. Ayacucho is mainly used for events and addresses to the nation. Is conformed by wood walls, with a capacity for 200 to 250 people located in front of a podium, in Ayacucho room emphasizes a painting of Simón Bolívar, located behind the desk where the President addresses the country via radio, television, and the internet. The room was named in honor to the battle of Ayacucho and it is one of the largest rooms of the palace, and is named in honor of the battle won by Simón Bolívar on 7 August 1819, after which most of the Colombian territory was freed. It was built in the early 1960s, becoming a space for meetings, the decoration of the room is formed by a parquetry floor and wood ceilings and baseboards. Boyacá is also decorated by a painting of muralist Gabriel Bracho, the painting was inaugurated by President Rafael Caldera during his first term in office, on 1 August 1973
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Palacio de Justicia de Caracas
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The Palacio de Justicia de Caracas is a government complex straddling Avenida Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela. It houses numerous courtrooms and judicial facilities serving the metropolitan area, designed by Carlos Gómez de Llarena in 1983, it became functional in 2004. The principal aspect of the plans put forward by the architect Carlos Gómez de Llarena in 1983 was to provide an area for pedestrians above the Avenue Bolívar highway, the design of the Palacio itself consisted of two five-storey concrete buildings. A square metal frame covered by an area of 140,000 m2 also provided for a 5,000 m2 plaza. The two buildings are known as the Edificio Sur or Cruz Verde and the Edificio Norte or Camejo, in June 1992, only the South Building had been completed. The northern part and the square were completed in 1993 but were opened only in 2004, in 2004, it was announced that construction could not resume as funding was insufficient for completion. In the following year, there was a proposal to build a different structure for the courts in another part of town, in March 2004, a 50-year lease agreement was signed with the Simon Bolívar Centre providing for the complex to be rebuilt exclusively for judicial use. It was jointly funded to the extent of 15 billion bolivars, the Supreme Court contributed 8 billion bolivars and the Bolívar Centre contributed the balance of 7 billion bolivars
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Palacio de las Academias
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The Palacio de las Academias is a Neo-Gothic building on the Avenida Universidad in the centre of Caracas, Venezuela. It dates back to 1684 when a Franciscan convent was built on the site but in the 19th century it served as a barracks, a hospital and a college. In 1876, under President Antonio Guzmán Blanco, the Universidad de Caracas was moved to the building, after the university relocated to a new campus in 1952, the building became home to the National Academies. In 1965, it was listed as a national monument, the building is located on the corner of Avenida Universidad and La Bolsa in Caracas. It can be reached via the metro at the Capitolio/El Silencio station, the Iglesia de San Francisco is situated to the right and south of the building and next to the palacio, having been constructed as an annex to the building when it was a convent. The Convent of San Francisco was the first of many which were built in the valleys of Caracas, founded in 1576 and built within the next ten years, it was initially under Franciscan monks until 1597 when it was transferred to the Dominicans. From 1673, laymen could study in the classrooms and it was supplemented with another building at the back in 1794, which was damaged by the great earthquake of 1812. By the 1820s, it was one of 40 convents in the city, by 1835, the National Library was situated in the convent. Diego Bautista Urbaneja was the first director, the building gained a new façade in 1876 during the presidency of Antonio Guzmán Blanco. Initially the San Francisco Convent, then the Central University of Venezuela, since the tenure of President Pérez Jiménez, it has been called the Palace of the Academies. During refurbishing work in 1876, a courtyard was added, the north façade was extended. Luis Soriano and Carlos Toro Manrique were the designated architects, the modifications and additions made were in Neo-Gothic style with spires above the façades forty bays. A central clock tower was added, rising to a height of 35 metres. The university auditorium or paraninfo, a hall on the north side of the building measuring 32.86 m by 6.22 m, was inaugurated in 1876. It is furnished with three tables and a baroque tribune, or dais, with a presidium under an elaborate velvet canopy. The room houses 21 portraits and two busts of famous figures, duarte C, Gasparini G. Historia de la Iglesia y el Convento de San Francisco de Caracas. Caracas, Banco Venezolano de Crédito,1991
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Palacio Federal Legislativo
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The Palacio Federal Legislativo, also known as the Capitolio, is a historic building in Caracas, Venezuela which now houses the National Assembly. Located southeast of the Plaza Bolívar, it was built in 1872 by President Antonio Guzman Blanco to a design by the architect Luciano Urdaneta, the Salón Elíptico, opened in 1877, is topped by a golden dome. Adopting a radically anticlerical approach, Antonio Guzman Blanco introduced contemporary architecture to Venezuela, the Palacio Federal Legislativo, located to the west of Plaza Bolívar, is one such building. It is painted white and has a gilded oval-shaped dome crowning an elliptically shaped room. The domes ceiling has a painting by Martín Tovar y Tovar which vividly depicts the crucial Battle of Carabobo in the Venezuelan War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule, built in 1872, it replaced an earlier convent on the site. The most notable professionals of the times were commissioned to design the building, Luciano Urdaneta, the complex consists of two rectangular volumes connected by two lower sections. It encloses a courtyard with a fountain set in a small garden inside iron railings. The two Neoclassical buildings are known as the Legislative Palace and the Federal Palace, the first, completed in 1873, became the Congress in 1958 and the National Assembly in 2000. The façade of the Legislative Palace, completed in 1877, is symmetrical in design and it has a portico at the center. The triangular pediment has a bas-relief of busts of Simón Bolívar, there are three columnated portals, the one in the centre presenting two caryatids representing Justice and Freedom. The complex has been a National Historic Monument since 22 August 1997
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Palacio Municipal de Caracas
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The Palacio Municipal de Caracas, or Consejo Municipal de Caracas, is the city hall of Caracas, Venezuela. It is located on the corner of Gradillas a Monjas opposite the Plaza Bolívar, the building dates from the seventeenth century but now bears the mark of Alejandro Chataings Neoclassical additions in 1906. It was the point for the Constitutional Convention, and signing of the Declaration of Independence in the nineteenth century. The present building is the result of the work undertaken by the Venezuelan architect Alejandro Chataing in 1906. The west wing of the building, the Capilla de Santa Rosa de Lima, the ground floor houses the Museo Caracas, which contains works by Venezuelas most celebrated painters and many other historic artifacts. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on 16 February 1979, in 1673, Antonio Gonzáles de Acuña bought a number of buildings in the area around todays Plaza Mayor, adapting them to serve as a seminary. Known as the Colegio Seminario de Santa Rosa de Lima, it was the first seminary of the seventeenth century and it incorporated the features of the old chapel. In 1872, the building was renovated by President Antonio Guzmán Blanco as the Palacio de Justicia, the western pavilion was added in 1881. Further renovations and adaptations from 1904 to 1906 were undertaken on the initiative of President Cipriano Castro by the architect Alejandro Chataing, in 1979, the building was listed as a national monument. On Christmas Eve 1809, Bolivar made plans to storm city hall with other Creoles but was stopped by a military officer. In the west wing of the building, the Capilla de Santa Rosa de Lima, todays building is the result of the work undertaken by the Venezuelan architect Alejandro Chataing in 1906. It is located on the corner of Gradillas a Monjas opposite the Plaza Bolívar and it is built in an eclectic Neoclassical style with three storeys along the main façade. The main entrance is flanked by pillars in the composite order. It is crowned by a balcony decorated with pilasters and a triangular frontispiece. The east façade is also decorated with composite pillars designed to resemble those of the Roman Forum or similar works from antiquity, the large colonial building has an elegant patio in the interior and also houses the museum. The Museo Caracas is located on the floor, though one of the rooms is reached via a narrow wooden stairway. The ground floor contains works by Venezuelas most celebrated painters and many historic artifacts. Four of the Palacios rooms are used for exhibiting some 3,000 artifacts of artistic or historic interest
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Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)
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The Supreme Tribunal of Justice is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. The Supreme Tribunal may meet either in specialized chambers or in plenary session, each chamber has five judges, except the constitutional, which has seven. Its main function is to control, according to the constitution and related laws, the Supreme Tribunals 32 justices are appointed by the National Assembly and serve non-renewable 12-year terms. Appointments are made by a majority, or a simple majority if efforts to appoint a judge fail three times in a row. The Tribunal was created under the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, replacing the Supreme Court of Venezuela, for some years provisional statutes regulated the number of judges - initially 20, with three in each chamber except the constitutional, which had five - and their selection. The statutes were replaced in 2004 by an organic law, the law also permitted the National Assembly to revoke the appointment of a judge, by a simple majority, where a judge had provided false information as to his/her credentials. Venezuelas judicial system has deemed the most corrupt in the world by Transparency International in 2014. In 2010, legislators from Chávez’s political party appointed 9 permanent judges and 32 stand-ins and they claim that some judges may face reprisals if they rule against government interests. This resulted in Chavistas making up a majority of the CNE board, Tribunal Supremo de Justicia web site magistrados
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