1.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
2.
College
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College is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university. In ancient Rome a collegium was a club or society, a group of living together under a common set of rules. Aside from the educational context - nowadays the most common use of college - there are various other meanings also derived from the original Latin term. In the United States, college can be a synonym for university, in Singapore and India, this is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the sixth form college as the English name for a lycée. In some national education systems, secondary schools may be called colleges or have college as part of their title, in Australia the term college is applied to any private or independent primary and, especially, secondary school as distinct from a state school. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The Kings School, there has also been a recent trend to rename or create government secondary schools as colleges. In the state of Victoria, some high schools are referred to as secondary colleges. Interestingly, the pre-eminent government secondary school for boys in Melbourne is still named Melbourne High School, in Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, college is used in the name of all state high schools built since the late 1990s, and also some older ones. In New South Wales, some schools, especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers, are known as secondary colleges. In Queensland some newer schools which accept primary and high school students are styled state college, in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, college refers to the final two years of high school, and the institutions which provide this. In this context, college is an independent of the other years of high school. Here, the expression is a version of matriculation college. This is because these schools have traditionally focused on academic, rather than vocational, subjects. Some private secondary schools choose to use the college in their names nevertheless. Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country, particularly ones within the school system. In New Zealand the word normally refers to a secondary school for ages 13 to 17
3.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
4.
Sprint Center
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Sprint Center is a large, multi-use indoor arena in downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The building is at 14th Street and Grand Boulevard, on the east side of the Power & Light District, the arenas naming rights partner is the telecommunications company Sprint, whose headquarters is in nearby Overland Park, Kansas. Sprint Center opened on October 10,2007, and a concert by Elton John three days later was the arenas first event, the arena seats more than 19,000 people and has 72 suites. Sprint Center has effectively replaced Kemper Arena, which was built in 1974, additionally, the College Basketball Experience, which includes the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame, is connected to and directly north of Sprint Center. Sprint Center has hosted the Big 12 Mens Basketball Tournament in 2008, the arena also was the home of the former Kansas City Command of the Arena Football League. Ground was broken for the arena on June 24,2005, the final design, by the Downtown Arena Design Team, was selected in August 2005. The construction manager responsible for the project was M. A. Mortenson Company, based out of Minneapolis. The complete exterior glass facade system, all metal panels for the adjacent buildings, hong Kong to Architectural Wall Systems, the Des Moines, Iowa based glazing contractor who installed the building envelope. In total there are approximately 13,000 m² of double insulated glass and 5,000 m² painted aluminum curtain wall panels, in addition there are roughly 200 tons of system profiles and accessories. All of the 2,404 individual glass units on the building were produced sequentially and completely assembled prior to shipping. The 5,000,000 lbs of rebar used in construction was detailed, farbricated and supplied by The Carter-Waters Corporation of Kansas City. The arena also features a work of art, The Moons, by artist Chris Doyle. The Big 12 Conference Mens Basketball Tournament was held at Sprint Center in 2008, after returning to Oklahoma City in 2009, the Sprint Center again hosted the tournament in 2010 and 2011. It is scheduled to be the tournament host site through 2020, the arena also houses the College Basketball Experience and the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame, which is at 1301 Grand Boulevard and connected to Sprint Center. The arenas exterior is made of glass, and the interior has state-of-the-art technology with a 360-degree LED video screen and this facility allows Kansas City to draw most concerts touring the United States. There has been speculation of an NBA or NHL team relocating to Sprint Center, Sprint Center opened on time and on budget on October 10,2007 at 10,10 am. A tour lasted from 10,10 am –10,10 pm for those who wanted to see it to grab a ticket at the box office. UMB Bank is the only ATM in the new arena because it is a Sprint Center Founding Partner along with Farmland, The University of Kansas Hospital, QuikTrip, and Olevia
5.
James Naismith
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James Naismith was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator. He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891 and he wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Seven years after inventing basketball, Naismith received his degree in Denver in 1898. He then arrived at the University of Kansas, later becoming the Kansas Jayhawks athletic director, while a coach at Kansas, Naismith coached Phog Allen, who later became the coach at Kansas for 39 seasons, beginning a lengthy and prestigious coaching tree. Allen then went on to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among others, Naismith was born in 1861 in Almonte, Ontario, Canada to Scottish immigrants. He never had a name and never signed his name with the A initial. The A was added by someone in the administration at the University of Kansas, orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte. Then he enrolled in Almonte High School, in Almonte, Ontario, in the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. He played center on the team, and made himself some padding to protect his ears. It was for use, not team use. He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances, Naismith earned a BA in Physical Education and a Diploma at the Presbyterian College in Montreal. At Springfield YMCA, Naismith struggled with a class that was confined to indoor games throughout the harsh New England winter. In his attempt to think up a new game, Naismith was guided by three main thoughts, firstly, he analyzed the most popular games of those times, Naismith noticed the hazards of a ball and concluded that the big soft soccer ball was safest. Secondly, he saw that most physical contact occurred while running with the ball, dribbling or hitting it, finally, Naismith further reduced body contact by making the goal unguardable, namely placing it high above the players heads. To score goals, he forced the players to throw a soft lobbing shot that had proven effective in his old favorite game duck on a rock, Naismith christened this new game Basket Ball and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules. The first game of Basket Ball was played in December 1891, stubbins brot up the peach baskets to the gym I secured them on the inside of the railing of the gallery. This was about 10 feet from the floor, one at end of the gymnasium. I then put the 13 rules on the board just behind the instructors platform, secured a soccer ball
6.
Municipal Auditorium (Kansas City, Missouri)
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Municipal Auditorium is a multi-purpose facility located in Kansas City, Missouri. It opened in 1936 and features Streamline Moderne and Art Deco architecture, Municipal Auditorium was the first building built as part of the Ten-Year Plan, a bond program that passed by a 4 to 1 margin in 1931. The campaign was run by the Civic Improvement Committee chaired by Conrad H. Mann, other buildings in the plan included the Kansas City City Hall and the Kansas City branch of the Jackson County Courthouse. The plan was championed by most local politicians including Thomas Pendergast, Municipal Auditorium replaced Convention Hall which was directly across the street and was torn down for parking in what is now called the Barney Allis Plaza. The streamline moderne architecture was designed by the architectural firm of Alonzo H. Gentry. Gentry later completed the design of the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum after the death of the original architect, homer F. Neville was the lead designer for Municipal Auditorium. Hoit, Price & Barnes, the architects were responsible for the design of the mechanical work. William L. Cassell directed that design effort, Cassell went on to start his own firm in 1933 which is still in business as W. L. Cassell & Associates, Inc. Henry F. In addition, Gentrys firm would take the lead, the decision was controversial and led to lengthy contract negotiations. Municipal Auditorium, however, was a project and Gentry. Fortunately, according to Neville, there was interference with the buildings design. When the building opened in 1935, the Architectural Record called it one of the 10 best buildings of the world that year, in 2000, the Princeton Architectural Press called it one of the 500 most important architectural works in the United States. Municipal Auditorium is connected to the H. Roe Bartle Convention Center via skywalks over 13th, an underground walkway through a public parking garage provides access to the Kansas City Marriott Downtown, Holiday Inn Aladdin Hotel, and the Folly Theater. The Arena, nicknamed Municipal, has hosted the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association tournament annually, when Kansas City hosts the Big 12 Conference tournament, womens games take place here. It is currently home to the NAIA Mens Division I Basketball National Tournament and it was played here from 1937–1975, when it moved into Kemper Arena, and has been home since the Tournament moved back to Kansas City from Tulsa in 2002. The arena hosted three of the first four Final Fours, but has not hosted an NCAA tournament game since 1964, in 2013, the University of Dayton Arena passed Municipal Auditorium in number of games hosted as that arena hosts the opening round games of the NCAA tournament. The 19, 500-seat Kemper Arena was built in 1974 to accommodate Kansas Citys professional basketball teams that had been playing at the Auditorium. The Kansas City Kings played their first two seasons at the Auditorium, then returned for the majority of the 1979–80 season after the roof of Kemper Arena caved in on June 4,1979
7.
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The tournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences, and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths, the 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination bracket, which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is seeded, or ranked, within its region from 1 to 32, after an initial four games between eight lower-ranked teams, the tournament occurs during the course of three weekends, at pre-selected neutral sites across the United States. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April and these four teams, one from each region, compete in a pre-selected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969, currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name NCAA March Madness. Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally, such as in the Philippines, as television coverage has grown, so too has the tournaments popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to predict the outcome of all 67 games of the tournament. With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championships, the University of Kentucky is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in place, with six titles, while Duke University. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles, the University of Kansas and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, the NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011, for changes during the course of its history, and to see how the tournament operated during past years, go to Format history, below. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament played during March, thirty-two teams earn automatic bids as their respective conference champions. Of the 32 Division I all-sports conferences, all 32 currently hold championship tournaments to determine which team receives the automatic qualification. The Ivy League was the last Division I conference that did not conduct a tournament, through the 2015–16 season, if two or more Ivies shared a regular-season championship, a one-game playoff was used to decide the tournament participant. Since 2017, the league conducts their own postseason tournament, the committee also determines where all sixty-eight teams are seeded and placed in the bracket. The tournament is divided into four regions and each region has at least sixteen teams, the committee is charged with making each of the four regions as close as possible in overall quality of teams from wherever they come from
8.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
9.
John Wooden
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John Robert Wooden was an American basketball player and head coach at the University of California at Los Angeles. Nicknamed the Wizard of Westwood, he won ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period as coach at UCLA. No other team has won more than two in a row, within this period, his teams won an NCAA mens basketball record 88 consecutive games. Wooden was named coach of the year six times. He also won a Helms national championship at Purdue as a player 1931–1932 for a total of 11 national titles, Wooden was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a player and as a coach, the first person ever enshrined in both categories. Lenny Wilkens, Bill Sharman and Tommy Heinsohn are the other basketball personalities who have since been accorded the same honors. One of the most revered coaches in the history of sports, Wooden was beloved by his players, among them Lew Alcindor. Wooden was renowned for his short, simple inspirational messages to his players and these often were directed at how to be a success in life as well as in basketball. Wooden was born in 1910 in the town of Hall, Indiana, to Roxie Anna and Joshua Hugh Wooden, and moved with his family to a small farm in Centerton in 1918. He had three brothers, Maurice, Daniel, and William, and two sisters, one who died in infancy, and another, Harriet Cordelia, who died from diphtheria at the age of two. As a boy, one of his models was Fuzzy Vandivier of the Franklin Wonder Five. After his family moved to the town of Martinsville when he was 14 and he was a three-time All-State selection. After graduating in 1928, he attended Purdue University and was coached by Ward Piggy Lambert, the 1932 Purdue team on which he played as a senior was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA Tournament national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Poretta Power Poll. John Wooden was named All-Big Ten and All-Midwestern while at Purdue and he was also selected for membership in the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Wooden is also a member of the International Co-Ed Fraternity Alpha Phi Omega. Wooden was nicknamed The Indiana Rubber Man for his suicidal dives on the hardcourt and he graduated from Purdue in 1932 with a degree in English. During one 46-game stretch, he made 134 consecutive free throws and he was named to the NBLs First Team for the 1937–38 season. During World War II in 1942, he joined the United States Navy and he served for nearly two years and left the service as a lieutenant
10.
Baker University
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Baker University is a private Christian university located in Baldwin City, Kansas, United States. Founded in 1858, it is the first university founded in Kansas and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Baker University is made up of four schools, the College of Arts and Sciences and the undergraduate courses in the School of Education are located at the campus in Baldwin City, Kansas. The School of Nursing, which is operated in partnership with Stormont-Vail Health in Topeka, offers Bachelor of Science in Nursing, enrollment in all four schools has grown to a total student population more than 3,000, with more than 900 students on the Baldwin City campus. Baker University was the highest-ranked Kansas university in the Midwest Regional University rankings of the 2017 U. S. News & World Report’s Best Colleges. Universities are evaluated based on graduation and retention rates, peer assessment, student-to-faculty ratio, faculty resources, student selectivity, financial resources, U. S. News & World Report collects data from multiple sources, including the universities. The College of Arts and Sciences offers more than 40 areas of undergraduate study, the School of Education offers several masters degree programs in addition to a doctoral degree in leadership. The School of Professional and Graduate Studies offers masters programs in business, organizational leadership, sports management. Baker University was founded in 1858 and named for Osmon Cleander Baker, the school was the first four-year university in Kansas and funds were raised by local donations and donors from the East. Bakers first president, Rev. Werter R. Davis, a minister and Civil War officer, the original campus building, now known as Old Castle Museum, houses a museum of the University and Baldwin City. Baker University teams, known as the Wildcats, have one official color. The only other school in the country to have orange as their color is Syracuse University. The university is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Region V competing in the Heart of America Athletic Conference, in 1890 Baker University won a 22–9 victory against the University of Kansas in the first intercollegiate football game to take place in Kansas. Since 1978 women have been competing in sports at Baker. Baker was one of the first NAIA schools to take part in the Champions of Character program, Baker has been a member of the Heart of America Athletic Conference since the organizations inception in 1971. The HAAC conference consists of 10 schools in four states which are located in southwest Iowa, southern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, the athletic programs have garnered three individual national championships,100 All-Americans, and over 100 conference titles. More than 40 Wildcats annually are named NAIA Scholar-Athletes for their success both on the field and in the classroom and a few have been named Capital One Academic All-Americans. Baker University has three halls and two apartment buildings for students living on campus
11.
Whitey Ford
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Edward Charles Whitey Ford, nicknamed The Chairman of the Board is an American former professional baseball pitcher who spent his entire 16-year Major League Baseball career with the New York Yankees. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974, Ford is a ten-time MLB All-Star and six-time World Series champion. Ford won both the Cy Young Award and World Series Most Valuable Player Award in 1961 and he led the American League in wins three times and in earned run average twice. The Yankees retired Fords uniform number in his honor, in the wake of Yogi Berras 2015 death, George Vecsey writing in the New York Times, suggested that Ford is now The Greatest Living Yankee. Ford was a native of the Astoria neighborhood of Queens in New York City and he graduated from the Manhattan High School of Aviation Trades. Ford was signed by the New York Yankees as a free agent in 1947. He was nicknamed Whitey while in the leagues for his light blond hair. He began his Major League Baseball career on July 1,1950 with the Yankees and made a spectacular debut, Ford received a handful of lower-ballot Most Valuable Player votes despite throwing just 112 innings, and was voted the AL Rookie of the Year by the Sporting News. During the Korean War, in 1951 and 1952 Ford served in the Army and he rejoined the Yankees for the 1953 season, and the Yankee Big Three pitching staff became a Big Four, as Ford joined Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi and Eddie Lopat. Eventually Ford went from the No.4 pitcher on a staff to the universally acclaimed No.1 pitcher of the Yankees. He became known as the Chairman of the Board for his ability to remain calm and he was also known as Slick, a nickname given to him, Billy Martin and Mickey Mantle by manager Casey Stengel, who called them Whiskey Slicks. Fords guile was necessary because he did not have an overwhelming fastball, Ford was an effective strikeout pitcher for his time, tying the then-AL record for six consecutive strikeouts in 1956, and again in 1958. Ford pitched 2 consecutive one-hit games in 1955 to tie a record held by several pitchers and he would also have been a candidate in 1955, but this was before the award was created. His first 20-win season, a career-best 25-4 record, and the Cy Young Award ensued, as a left-hander, Ford was also deft at keeping runners at their base, He set a record in 1961 by pitching 243 consecutive innings without allowing a stolen base. In May 1963, after pitching a shutout, Ford announced he had given up smoking and he said, My doctor told me that whenever I think of smoking, I should think of a bus starting up and blowing the exhaust in my face. Ford won 236 games for New York, still a franchise record, red Ruffing, the previous Yankee record-holder, still leads all Yankee right-handed pitchers, with 231 of his 273 career wins coming with the Yankees. Other Yankee pitchers have had career wins, but amassed them for multiple franchises. David Wells tied Whitey Ford for 13th place in victories by a left-hander on August 26,2007, among pitchers with at least 300 career decisions, Ford ranks first with a winning percentage of.690, the all-time highest percentage in modern baseball history.576
12.
Volleyball
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Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to points by grounding a ball on the other teams court under organized rules. It has been a part of the program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court, the team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, the ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push the ball with any part of the body. A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking as well as passing, setting, the game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be a sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA. The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in high, a 25 ft ×50 ft court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents court. In case of an error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul —except in the case of the first-try serve, Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs. The first official ball used in volleyball is disputed, some say that Spalding created the first official ball in 1896. In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points, in 1919, about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries. The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900, an international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe, in Russia, and in countries including China. Beach volleyball, a variation of the played on sand. Volleyball is also a sport at the Paralympics managed by the World Organization Volleyball for Disabled, nudists were early adopters of the game with regular organized play in clubs as early as the late 1920s
