Nazi-Maruttash
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Nazi-Maruttaš, typically inscribed Na-zi-Ma-ru-ut-ta-aš or mNa-zi-Múru-taš, Maruttaš protects him, was a Kassite king of Babylon c. 1307–1282 BC and self-proclaimed šar kiššati, or "King of the World", according to the votive inscription pictured. He was the 23rd of the dynasty, the son and successor of Kurigalzu II, and reigned for twenty six years.
Irregular block of chalcedony with votive inscription of Nazi-Maruttaš in the Louvre
Kudurru of Nazi-Maruttaš
King of the Universe
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King of the Universe, also interpreted as King of Everything, King of the Totality, King of All or King of the World, was a title of great prestige claiming world domination used by powerful monarchs in ancient Mesopotamia. The title is sometimes applied to God in the Abrahamic tradition.
An inscription of the Akkadian king Rimush on the shell of a rock snail of the genus Murex, reading "Rimush, King of Kish". By Rimush's time, "King of Kish" would have meant "King of the Universe". Now housed in the Louvre, Paris.
The Assyrian usage of the title was contested by other kingdoms even during the reigns of the powerful Neo-Assyrian kings, such as Ashurbanipal (pictured strangling and stabbing a lion), for instance by Urartu and Babylon. Relief housed in the British Museum.
Tetradrachm of Antiochus I of the Seleucid Empire, the last known ruler to use the title King of the Universe.