1.
Wizard Entertainment
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Wizard World Inc. formerly known as Wizard Press and Wizard Entertainment, is a producer of multigenre fan conventions across North America. By 2011 the company had discontinued its print division to focus exclusively on its convention business, since then they have expanded to producing more than 20 annual conventions around North America. Gareb Shamus founded Wizard magazine in January 1991 shortly after he graduated from college, the company was originally based in Congers, New York. Wizard purchased the Chicago Comicon in 1997 to expand from its core publishing business into trade/consumer conventions, in December 2007, Darren Sanchez was named Vice President of Production at Wizard Entertainment. Shamus was pushed out as company CEO in late 2011, his position was taken in March 2012 by John Macaluso, in 2015, the company lost $4.25 million in revenue and would be cutting back from 25 events to 19 events in 2016. Less than a week after the announcement of the loss, John Macaluso resigned as CEO and was replaced by John Maatta, Wizard started as a price guide to comics but evolved into focusing squarely on pop-culture, specifically targeting young adult males. With its high-end production values and embodiment of the speculator boom, Wizard was an instant hit. Anime Insider folded in the spring of 2009, on January 24,2011, after 20 years of publication, the company announced that Wizard would cease print publication and become an all-digital magazine called Wizard World, launching in February 2011. At that point Wizard Entertainment also ceased publication of its sister magazine, the first Black Bull title was the miniseries Gatecrasher. In May 2002, Wizard branched out from Chicago and produced Wizard World East at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, and in 2003 the company produced Wizard World Texas, adding Wizard World Los Angeles in 2004, and Wizard World Boston in 2005. As a result of the outcry, many comic book creators, including Warren Ellis, Bryan Hitch, Greg Rucka, Tony Harris, Scott Kurtz, Gaijin Studios and Art Adams, in mid-August 2005, Wizard announced that it would be pushing back the Atlanta convention until 2007. In 2008, Wizard began adding an academic forum called Wizard World University to include scholarly panels at their conventions, beginning with the November convention in Arlington, in 2009, Wizard canceled the Texas event and postponed the Los Angeles convention. In 2009, Wizard World acquired the Big Apple Comic Con, New York Citys longest-running comic book, science fiction, fantasy, horror, and pop culture convention. Wizard gave up the New York market after 2013 due to the dominance of the New York Comic Con, produced by ReedPOP, the Big Apple con is now back in the hands of its founder, Michael Carbonaro. In 2009, Wizard World also acquired the Paradise Comics Toronto Comicon, Wizard Entertainments 2010 North American Comic Con tour included city stops in Toronto, Anaheim, Philadelphia, Chicago, New York City, Austin, and Boston. In September 2013, Wizard World announced 7 new stops for the 2014 tour, Sacramento, Louisville, Minneapolis, Atlanta, San Antonio, Richmond, and Tulsa
2.
Governors Island
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It is part of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The National Park Service administers a portion of the north of the island as the Governors Island National Monument. The island is accessed by ferries from Brooklyn and Manhattan, the islands current name, made official in 1784, stems from the British colonial era, when the colonial assembly reserved the island for the exclusive use of New Yorks royal governors. In 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, Continental Army troops raised defensive works on the island, from 1783 to 1966, the island was a United States Army post, and from 1966 to 1996 the island served as a major United States Coast Guard installation. About 103 acres of fill was added to the island by 1912, in 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano saw the island, becoming the first European to do so. It was then called Paggank by the Native Americans, in May 1624, Noten Eylandt was the landing place of the first settlers in New Netherland. In 1633, the director of New Netherland, Wouter van Twiller. Later he operated a farm on the island, New Netherland was conditionally ceded to the English in 1664, and the English renamed the settlement New York in June 1665. By 1674, the British had total control of the island. The harbor defenses on the continued to be improved over the summer. The Continental Army forces collapsed after being flanked and eventually withdrew from Brooklyn and from Governors Island as well, from September 2 to 14, the new British garrison would engage volleys with Washingtons guns on the battery in front of Fort George in Manhattan. The fort, along with the rest of New York City, was held by the British for the rest of the war until Evacuation Day at the end of the war in 1783. At the end of the Revolution, the island, as a holding of the Crown, came into ownership by the state of New York. Noten Island was renamed Governors Island in 1784 as the island, the Governors House survives as the oldest structure on the island. By the late 1790s, the Quasi-War with France prompted a national program of harbor fortifications and the state of New York began improvements as a credit for its Revolutionary War debt. The first, Fort Jay, was built in 1794 by the state of New York on the site of the earlier Revolutionary War earthworks, a sandstone and brick gate house topped with a sculpture of an eagle dates to that time and is the oldest structure on the island. The second major fortification, Castle Williams, was based on a design by Colonel Jonathan Williams, construction started in 1807 and substantially completed in November 1811. Located on a shoal extending from the northwest corner of the island, it was inspired by then-modern French thinking on fortifications
3.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
4.
Penciller
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A penciller is a collaboration artist who works in creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with focus on primary pencil illustrations, hence the term penciller. In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form and these artists are concerned with layout to showcase steps in the plot. Beyond this basic description, however, different artists choose to use a variety of different tools. While many artists use traditional wood pencils, others prefer mechanical pencils or drafting leads, still other artists do their initial layouts using a light-blue colored pencil because that color tends to disappear during photocopying. Most US comic book pages are drawn oversized on large sheets of paper, the customary size of comic book pages in the mainstream American comics industry is 11 by 17 inches. The inker usually works directly over the pencil marks, though occasionally pages are inked on translucent paper, such as drafting vellum. The artwork is later reduced in size during the printing process. With the advent of digital illustration programs such as Photoshop, more and more artwork is produced digitally, Jack Kirby From 1949 until his retirement, Jack Kirby worked out of a ten-foot-wide basement studio dubbed The Dungeon by his family. When starting with clean piece of Bristol board, would first draw his lines with a T-square. Arthur Adams Arthur Adams begins drawing thumbnail layouts from the script hes given, the thumbnails range in size from 2 inches x 3 inches to half the size of the printed comic book. When working on the illustration board, he does so on a large drawing board when in his basement studio. After tracing the thumbnails, he will then clarify details with another light-blue pencil, for a large poster image with a multitude of characters, he will go over the figure outlines with a marker in order to emphasize them. He will use photographic reference when appropriate, as when he draws things that he is not accustomed to, because a significant portion of his income is derived from selling his original artwork, he is reluctant to learn how to produce his work digitally. Jim Lee Artist Jim Lee is known to use F lead for his pencil work and he uses this lead because it strikes a balance between too hard, and therefore not dark enough on the page, and too soft, and therefore prone to smearing and crumbling. Campbell avoids its closest competitor because he finds it too waxy, campbell has also used HB lead and F lead. He maintains sharpness of the lead with a Berol Turquoise sharpener, changing them every four to six months, campbell uses a combination of Magic Rub erasers, eraser sticks, and since he began to ink his work digitally, a Sakura electric eraser. He often sharpens the eraser to an edge in order to render fine detailed work. Travis Charest Artist Travis Charest uses mainly 2H lead to avoid smearing and he previously illustrated on regular illustration board provided by publishers, though he disliked the non-photo blue lines printed on them
5.
Batman (comic book)
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Batman is an ongoing American comic book series featuring the DC Comics hero of the same name. The character first appeared in Detective Comics #27, Batman proved to be so popular that a self-titled ongoing comic book series began publication with a cover date of Spring 1940. It was first advertised in early April 1940, one month after the first appearance of his new sidekick, Robin, the original series ended in 2011 and was relaunched with a new first issue. Using the end of the New 52 initiative as a launching point, Batman #1 was the debut bimonthly relaunch of the comic book series. The character of Batman made his first appearance in the pages of Detective Comics #27 in May 1939, in Spring of 1940, Batman #1 was published and introduced new characters into Batmans pantheon, most notably those of Catwoman and Batmans eventual nemesis, the Joker. Alfred Pennyworth, the Wayne family butler, was introduced in issue #16, editor Whitney Ellsworth assigned a Batman story to artist Dick Sprang in 1941. Anticipating that Bob Kane would be drafted to serve in World War II, Sprangs first published Batman work was the Batman and Robin figures on the cover of Batman #18, reproduced from the art for page 13 of the later-published Detective Comics #84. Like all Batman artists of the time, Sprang went uncredited as a ghost artist for Kane, villains which debuted during this early era included the Mad Hatter in issue #49 and Killer Moth in issue #63. Bill Finger and Moldoff introduced Ace the Bat-Hound in #92, the early part of the era known to comics fans and historians as the Silver Age of Comic Books saw the Batman title dabble in science fiction. New characters introduced included Mr. Freeze and Betty Kane, the original Bat-Girl, in 1964, Julius Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles. He jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the series such as Ace the Bathound and Bat-Mite, schwartzs first issue of the Batman title was #164 which was written by France Edward Herron and drawn by Sheldon Moldoff. The Riddler returned after an absence in #171. Among the new villains introduced during this period was Poison Ivy in #181, in the 1960s, Batman comics were affected by the popular Batman television series, with campy stories based on the tongue-in-cheek premise of the series. After the Batman television programs influence had died down, writer Frank Robbins and artist Irv Novick sent Dick Grayson off to attend college, in 1971, writer Dennis ONeil and artist Neal Adams came aboard the title and re-infused it with the darker tones of the 1940s. ONeil and Adams introduced a new villain named Ras al Ghul, ONeil said his work on the Batman series was simply to take it back to where it started. I went to the DC library and read some of the early stories, I tried to get a sense of what Kane and Finger were after. Issues #254 to #261 of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format, the series reached its 300th issue with a June 1978 cover date and featured a story by writer David Vern Reed and artists Walt Simonson and Dick Giordano. Julius Schwartz ended his tenure as editor of the series with issue #309, marv Wolfman briefly wrote Batman and co-created the Electrocutioner in issue #331
6.
The Brave and the Bold
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The Brave and the Bold is the title shared by many comic book series published by DC Comics. The first of these was published as a series from 1955 to 1983. It was followed by a mini-series in 1991 and 1999, and was revived as a title in 2007. The focus of each version of the series has varied over time, the first volume of the series ran for 200 issues from August/September 1955 to July 1983. Originally, The Brave and the Bold was a series featuring adventure tales from past ages with characters such as the Silent Knight, the Viking Prince, the Golden Gladiator. With issue #25, the series was reinvented as a title for new characters and concepts, starting with the Suicide Squad created by writer Robert Kanigher. Gardner Fox and Joe Kubert created a new version of Hawkman in issue #34 with the character receiving his own title three years later, editor Julius Schwartz hired Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky to create the Justice League of America. The team debuted in The Brave and the Bold #28, issues #45 through #49 were devoted to Strange Sports Stories combining sport and science-fiction in tales such as Challenge of the Headless Baseball Team and The Man Who Drove Through Time. Strange Sports Stories was later resurrected briefly as a DC Comics title in its own right in 1973, the series was changed yet again with issue #50 as a team-up title between established characters. Starting with issue #59 The Brave and the Bold became, more specifically a Batman team-up book with the Caped Crusader as the main focus. This was due to the popularity of the Batman television series, after issue #74, The Brave and the Bold was exclusively a Batman team-up title until it ended with issue #200. The teaming of Robin, Kid Flash, and Aqualad in issue #54 by writer Bob Haney, the three heroes subsequently appeared under the name Teen Titans in issue #60 by Haney and artist Nick Cardy and were joined by Wonder Womans younger sister Wonder Girl in her first appearance. The Metamorpho character was created by Haney and artist Ramona Fradon in The Brave, the title was the first to feature Neal Adams version of Batman, generating fan interest that led to Adams style defining the modern Batman image to this day. In addition, Adams updated Green Arrows visual appearance by designing a new costume for the character in issue #85, the primary artist for the second half of the run was Jim Aparo, starting with #98. Haney frequently disregarded continuity by scripting stories which contradicted DCs canon or by writing major heroes in an out-of-character fashion, Issue #100 featured Batman and 4 Famous Co-Stars in a story by Haney and Aparo. Issues #112 to #117 of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format, the character Nemesis, also known as Thomas Tresser, debuted in an eight-page backup story in issue #166 written by Cary Burkett and drawn by Dan Spiegle. The Tresser character was created by Burkett in 1979, and named for an actor with whom Burkett was rooming in New Hampshire. Alan Brennert wrote four issues of The Brave and the Bold featuring Batman teaming with the Creeper, the Hawk and Dove, the Robin of Earth Two, and the Catwoman
7.
Detective Comics
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Detective Comics is the title of an American comic book series published by DC Comics. The first volume, published from 1937 to 2011, is best known for introducing the superhero Batman in Detective Comics #27, a second series of the same title was launched in the fall of 2011 but in 2016 reverted to the original volume numbering. The series is the source of its companys name, and — along with Action Comics. The series published 881 issues between 1937 and 2011 and is the longest continuously published comic book in the United States. His second effort, New Comics #1, would be retitled twice to become Adventure Comics, another series that ran for decades until issue #503 in 1983. Wheeler-Nicholson was forced out a year later and its first editor, Vin Sullivan, also drew the debut issues cover. The Crimson Avenger debuted in issue #20, Detective Comics #27 featured the first appearance of Batman. That superhero would eventually become the star of the title, the logo of which is often written as Detective Comics featuring Batman. Because of its significance, issue #27 is widely considered one of the most valuable books in existence. Batmans origin is first revealed in a story in issue #33. Batman became the cover feature of the title beginning with issue #35. Issue #38 introduced Batmans sidekick Robin, billed as The Sensational Character Find of 1940 on the cover and the first of several characters that would make up the Batman Family. Several of Batmans best known villains debuted in the pages of Detective Comics during this era including the Penguin in issue #58, Two-Face in issue #66, a female was chosen first, to offset the charges made by Fredric Wertham that Batman and Robin were homosexual. Writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff introduced Bat-Mite in issue #267, in 1964, Julius Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles. Schwartz, Gardner Fox, and Infantino introduced Barbara Gordon as a new version of Batgirl in a story titled The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl. in issue #359, Mike Friedrich wrote the 30th anniversary Batman story in Detective Comics #387 which was drawn by Bob Brown. Writer Dennis ONeil and artist Neal Adams had their first collaboration on Batman on the story The Secret of the Waiting Graves in issue #395, Adams introduced Man-Bat with writer Frank Robbins in Detective Comics #400. ONeil and artist Bob Brown crafted Batmans first encounter with the League of Assassins in Detective Comics #405, after publishing on a monthly schedule throughout its run, Detective Comics became a bi-monthly book from issues #435 to #445. Issues #438 to #445 of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format, ONeil and artist Dick Giordano created the Batman supporting character Leslie Thompkins in the story There Is No Hope in Crime Alley appearing in issue #457
8.
Green Lantern
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Green Lantern is the name of a number of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They fight evil with the aid of rings that grant them a variety of extraordinary powers, the first Green Lantern character, Alan Scott, was created in 1940 during the initial popularity of superheroes. Alan Scott usually fought common criminals in New York City with the aid of his magic ring, the publication of this character ceased in 1949 during a general decline in the popularity of superhero comics, but the character saw a limited revival in later decades. Additional members of this agency, all of whom call themselves Green Lanterns, were introduced over time, prominent Green Lanterns who also have had starring roles in the books include Guy Gardner, John Stewart, Kyle Rayner, Simon Baz and Jessica Cruz. The Green Lanterns are among DC Comics longer lasting sets of characters and they have been adapted to television, video games, and motion pictures. Martin Nodell created the first Green Lantern and he first appeared in the Golden Age of comic books in All-American Comics #16, published by All-American Publications, one of three companies that would eventually merge to form DC Comics. This Green Lanterns real name was Alan Scott, an engineer who, after a railway crash, came into possession of a magic lantern which spoke to him. From this, he crafted a ring which gave him a wide variety of powers. The limitations of the ring were that it had to be charged every 24 hours by touching it to the lantern for a time, and that it could not directly affect objects made of wood. Alan Scott fought mostly ordinary human villains, but he did have a few paranormal ones such as the immortal Vandal Savage, most stories took place in New York. As a popular character in the 1940s, the Green Lantern featured both in books such as All-American Comics and Comic Cavalcade, as well as his own book. He also appeared in All Star Comics as a member of the team known as the Justice Society of America. After World War II the popularity of superheroes in general declined, the Green Lantern comic book was cancelled with issue #38, and All Star Comics #57 was the characters last Golden Age appearance. When superheroes came back in fashion in later decades, Alan Scott was revived, initially, he made guest appearances in other superheroes books, but eventually got regular roles in books featuring the Justice Society. He never got another solo series, between 1995 and 2003, DC Comics changed Alan Scotts superhero codename to Sentinel in order to distinguish him from the newer and more popular science fiction Green Lanterns. In 2011, the Alan Scott character was revamped and his costume was redesigned and the source of his powers was changed to that of the mystical power of nature. In 1959, Julius Schwartz reinvented the Green Lantern character as a science fiction hero named Hal Jordan, Hal Jordans powers were more or less the same as Alan Scotts, but otherwise this character was completely different and unrelated to the Green Lantern of the 1940s. He had a new name, a costume, and a rewritten origin story
9.
Green Arrow
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Green Arrow is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Mortimer Weisinger and designed by George Papp, he first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 in November 1941 and his real name is Oliver Ollie Queen, a billionaire businessman and owner of Queen Industries, also a well-known celebrity in his locale of Star City. Green Arrow enjoyed moderate success in his years, becoming the cover feature of More Fun. Throughout his first twenty-five years, however, the character never enjoyed greater popularity, in 1970, he was paired with a more law and order-oriented hero, Green Lantern, in a ground-breaking, socially conscious comic book series. Since then, he has been popular among comic book fans and most writers have taken an urban, the character was killed off in the 1990s and replaced by a new character, Olivers son Connor Hawke. Connor, however, proved a popular character, and the original Oliver Queen character was resurrected in the 2001 Quiver storyline. Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom, in live action, he appeared in the series Smallville, played by actor Justin Hartley, and became a core cast member. Green Arrow and Speedy first appeared in More Fun Comics #73, when Mort Weisinger was creating the character, aside from the obvious allusions to Robin Hood, took inspiration from a movie serial, The Green Archer, based on the novel by Edgar Wallace. He retooled the concept into an archer with obvious Batman influences. His and Speedys first origin stories were told in More Fun Comics #89, another Weisinger-created character, Aquaman, also appeared for the first time in that issue. These two back-up features continued to run concurrently in More Fun Comics until the mid-1940s, as well as then in Adventure Comics between 1946 and 1960, Green Arrow and Speedy also appeared in various issues of Worlds Finest Comics until issue #140. The Green Arrow and Speedy feature was one of five back-up features to be promoted in one of the earliest team-up books, Green Arrow was one of the few DC characters to keep going after the Golden Age of Comic Books. Aside from sharing Adventure Comics with him, issue featured an encounter between a younger Oliver Queen and Superboy. The Green Arrow and Speedy feature during this period included a run in 1958 written by Dick and Dave Wood. For much of period, Green Arrows adventures were written by France Herron. In 1969, artist Neal Adams updated the visual appearance by giving him a Van Dyke beard and costume of his own design in The Brave. The story also turned teammate Black Canary into a love interest for Queen, in the early 1970s, Green Arrow became a co-feature with Green Lantern in an acclaimed series of stories by ONeil and Adams that dealt with various social and political issues. Queen convinces Jordan to see beyond his strict obedience to the Green Lantern Corps, ONeil explained, He would be a hot-tempered anarchist to contrast with the cerebral, sedate model citizen who was Green Lantern
10.
Strange Adventures
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Strange Adventures was the title of several American comic books published by DC Comics, the first of which began in 1950. Strange Adventures ran for 244 issues and was DC Comics first science fiction title and it began with an adaptation of the film Destination Moon. The sales success of the gorilla cover-featured story in Strange Adventures #8 led DC to produce comic book covers with depictions of gorillas. The series was home to one of the last superheroes of the pre-Silver Age of Comic Books era, Captain Comet, created by writer John Broome, a combination of the Captain Comet feature with the gorilla craze was presented in issue #39. Other notable series included Star Hawkins which began in issue #114, in a rare acknowledgement of the rest of the DC universe in Strange Adventures, one panel mentions Gardner Fox having previously met the Flash in the iconic Silver Age story Flash of Two Worlds. Strange Adventures #180 introduced Animal Man in a story by Dave Wood, the character was revived by writer Grant Morrison in 1988. Writer Bob Haney and artist Howard Purcell created the character the Enchantress in Strange Adventures #187. The Enchantress appears in the 2016 live-action movie Suicide Squad, portrayed by Cara Delevingne, the Deadman feature served as an early showcase for the artwork of Neal Adams. With issue #217, the title gained another new logo and began reprinting stories of Adam Strange, several Strange Adventure stories were also reprinted in some of DC Comics later anthologies, such as From Beyond the Unknown. In 1978, DC Comics intended to revive Strange Adventures and these plans were put on hold that year due to the DC Implosion, a line-wide scaling back of the companys publishing output. When the project was revived a year later, the title was changed to Time Warp, in 1999, DC Comics Vertigo imprint released a four-issue mini-series reviving the Strange Adventures title and concept. It featured stories written by Brian Azzarello, Brian Bolland, Dave Gibbons, Bruce Jones, Joe R. Lansdale, John Ney Rieber, Robert Rodi, Doselle Young and Mark Schultz. Artists included Edvin Biuković, Richard Corben, Klaus Janson, Frank Quitely, James Romberger, the miniseries is cover-dated November 1999 to February 2000. It was written by Kevin J. Anderson, with art by Barry Kitson, the miniseries is cover-dated October 2004 to March 2005, and was collected in trade paperback in 2010. Jim Starlin wrote an eight-issue limited series called Strange Adventures which focused on Adam Strange, Bizarro and Captain Comet and this series continued the Aberrant Six storyline, as well as plot developments from the Rann/Thanagar Holy War and Countdown to Adventure. This series was collected in paperback in 2010. An 80-page Strange Adventures #1, an anthology one-shot, with science fiction. Contributing writers and artists include Peter Milligan, Scott Snyder, Jeff Lemire, Brian Azzarello, Eduardo Risso, Paul Pope, and Paul Cornell
11.
Superman vs. Muhammad Ali
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Superman vs. Muhammad Ali is an oversize celebrity comics comic book published by DC Comics in 1978. The 72-page book features Superman teaming up with the boxing champion Muhammad Ali to defeat an alien invasion of Earth. It was based on a story by Dennis ONeil which was adapted by Neal Adams, with pencils by Adams. Superman vs. Muhammad Ali was part of DCs oversized series All-New Collectors Edition, officially numbered #C-56. By the late 1970s, Superman had already been paired in the pages with real-life American icons like John F. Kennedy, Steve Allen, Bob Hope, Jerry Lewis, Allen Funt, Don Rickles. He had even gone up against a real-life athlete, professional wrestler Antonino Rocca. The book suffered numerous delays, going from a publication date of fall 1977 to spring 1978. By the time the book was published, Ali was no longer World Heavyweight Champion, in December 2009, DC Comics announced it would publish two hardcover reprint editions of Superman vs. Muhammad Ali in the fall of 2010. One edition reprinted the story at its original treasury size. Following a tip-off, Jimmy Olsen leads his friends Clark Kent and they find him playing basketball with the local kids, but before they can ask him even one question, an alien suddenly materializes behind them. This alien behaves arrogantly and rudely, brutally shoving Lois aside, Clark, under the pretext of summoning the authorities, runs off, changes into his costume and flies into space, surmising that the alien surely must not have come alone. Indeed, he finds a whole fleet of spaceships in orbit, the visitor, named RatLar, is the maniacal leader of a species of aliens called the Scrubb. Superman and Muhammad Ali each come forward to volunteer, however, Ali argues that Superman is not really of Earth, and has an unfair advantage in his many superpowers. In typical Ali-style verbiage, he puts forward as the obvious choice. Intrigued, RatLar decides that Superman and Ali should fight one another to see who really is Earths champion, to make the fight fair, he decrees that the match should take place on his home planet, Bodace, which orbits a red star. The winner would simply be the best boxer, the two would-be champions decide that Ali will train Superman in the finer points of boxing. However, RatLar detects the use of device, and under the threat of Earths immediate destruction, Superman. The Superman vs. Muhammad Ali match is broadcast on television to thousands of other worlds
12.
Uncanny X-Men
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Uncanny X-Men, originally published as The X-Men, is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics since 1963, and is the longest-running series in the X-Men comics franchise. It features a team of superheroes called the X-Men, a group of mutants with superhuman abilities led, the title was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, met with a lukewarm reception, and was eventually cancelled in 1970. Interest was rekindled with 1975s Giant-Size X-Men and the debut of a new, initially published bi-monthly, it became a monthly with issue #14. The series was placed firmly in the Marvel Universe, with guest appearances by Namor in #6, the jungle adventure hero Ka-Zar and the Savage Land were introduced in issue #10. Roy Thomas wrote the series from #20 to #44, Thomas and artist Werner Roth created the Banshee in #28. The X-Men #45 featured a crossover with The Avengers #53, after a battle with the Hulk in issue #66, the title ceased publishing original material and featured reprints in issues #67 through #93. X-Men was relaunched in May 1975 with Giant-Size X-Men #1, by Len Wein, the title featured a new, international, team consisting of Cyclops, Banshee, Sunfire and Wolverine, along with new characters Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus and Thunderbird. The original plan was to continue Giant-Size X-Men as a quarterly, chris Claremonts first issue as writer, #94, had all the original X-Men leave, along with Sunfire, Thunderbird was killed in #95. Moira MacTaggert, an ally of the X-Men, and later to be established as a former fiancée of Xavier. Marvel Girl became the Phoenix in issue #101 and this was followed by the first Shiar space opera story. Cockrum was replaced as penciller by John Byrne as of #108, Byrne became co-plotter, and during his run the series became a monthly title again. In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Claremont and Byrnes run on The X-Men second on its list of the Top 10 1970s Marvels. The Dark Phoenix Saga in 1980 led to a change in the line-up of the team, with the death of Phoenix, and Cyclops leaving the team to mourn for her. Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and Peter Sanderson observed that The Dark Phoenix Saga is to Claremont and Byrne what the Galactus Trilogy is to Stan Lee and it is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators work at the height of their abilities. The new teenage mutant Kitty Pryde was introduced in #129 and joined the X-Men in #139, the Dazzler, a disco-singing, roller-skating mutant, was introduced in #130, but did not join the team, instead headlining her own solo title. Byrne plotted the story wanting to depict the Sentinels as a threat to the existence of the mutant race. Mystiques Brotherhood changed sides and became the government-backed Freedom Force in #199 and their first action was to capture Magneto, who had begun associating with the X-Men during the Secret Wars II crossover. Magneto surrenders himself, but escapes after his trial is abandoned, the Morlocks, a group of disfigured mutants living underneath New York City, were introduced in #169
13.
Comic book
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A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, although comics has some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance, authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions. These characteristic aspects of books are necessary in conveying the content. The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons, text, balloons are usually convex spatial containers of information that are related to a character using a tail element. The tail has an origin, path, tip, and pointed direction, there are many technological formulas used to create comic books, including directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these key formatting procedures is the writing, drawing, Comics as a print medium have existed in America since the printing of The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. The introduction of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shusters Superman in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry, the Golden Age originated the archetype of the superhero. Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras, the Golden Age of Comic Books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938, spurring a period of high sales. The Silver Age of comic books is considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the era, the Bronze Age of Comic Books, is less well-defined. The Modern Age of Comic Books runs from the mid-1980s to the present day, in response to attention from the government and from the media, the U. S. comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the Comics Code Authority in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year and it was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. In the early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what known as underground comix. Published and distributed independently of the comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth counterculture. Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as head shops and record stores, frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic. The rise of comic book specialty stores in the late 1970s created/paralleled a dedicated market for independent or alternative comics in the U. S, some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. A few represented experimental attempts to bring closer to the status of fine art
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Commercial art
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Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. Commercial art traditionally includes designing books, advertisements of different products, signs, posters, most commercial artists have the ability to organize information and knowledge of fine arts, visualization and media. It is commonly used for advertising goods and services, fine art, on the other hand, is for the artist. Commercial artists creatively think of ways to entice the viewer with digital art, communication is often vital in this field. Usually, the art department is relatively small, consisting of art directors, perhaps an assistant director, commercial artists work a variety of situations doing many things in the artistic world such as advertisement, illustration and animation. Commercial artists should have skills in drawing and painting, experience using graphic design and editing software. Commercial Art is usually made for mass exposure and distribution, commercial art creates a way to show people the product or service by using an image that may catch ones eye. This is one way businesses are promoting and advertising their products, commercial art applies artistic principles to a variety of fields. Commercial artists design advertisements, logos, billboards, brochures, book covers, product packaging and their work is often used to sell, promote, explain, narrate and inform. Commercial artists can specialize in design and illustration, among other areas. Illustrators create images for use in books, magazines and stationery, graphic designers create artwork and layouts for books, newspapers, magazines, television, product packaging and the Internet. Graphic design professionals work in advertising, marketing or related fields
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DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
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Batman
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Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, originally named the Bat-Man, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the Worlds Greatest Detective. Batmans secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American playboy, philanthropist, after witnessing the murder of his parents Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath tempered by a sense of justice. Wayne trains himself physically and intellectually and crafts a bat-inspired persona to fight crime, Batman operates in the fictional Gotham City, with assistance from various supporting characters, including his butler Alfred, police commissioner Gordon, and vigilante allies such as Robin. A large assortment of villains make up Batmans rogues gallery, including his archenemy, Batman became popular soon after his introduction in 1939 and gained his own comic book title, Batman, the following year. As the decades went on, differing interpretations of the character emerged, the late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic, which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended. Various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots, the success of Warner Bros. live-action Batman feature films have helped maintain the publics interest in the character. The character has also intrigued psychiatrists, with trying to understand the characters psyche. In 2015, FanSided ranked Batman as number one on their list of 50 Greatest Super Heroes In Comic Book History. Kevin Conroy, Bruce Greenwood, Peter Weller, Anthony Ruivivar, Jason OMara, Batman has been portrayed in both film and television by Lewis Wilson, Robert Lowery, Adam West, Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer, George Clooney, Christian Bale, and Ben Affleck. In early 1939, the success of Superman in Action Comics prompted editors at National Comics Publications to request more superheroes for its titles, in response, Bob Kane created the Bat-Man. Collaborator Bill Finger recalled that Kane had an idea for a character called Batman, I went over to Kanes, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of. Reddish tights, I believe, with boots, with a small domino mask, swinging on a rope. He had two wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big sign, the bat-wing-like cape was suggested by Bob Kane, inspired by Leonardo Da Vincis sketch of an ornithopter flying device as a child. Finger suggested giving the character a cowl instead of a domino mask, a cape instead of wings. Finger said he devised the name Bruce Wayne for the secret identity, Bruce Waynes first name came from Robert Bruce. Wayne, being a playboy, was a man of gentry, I searched for a name that would suggest colonialism
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Graphic design
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Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem-solving using one or more of typography, photography and illustration. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design, Graphic designers create and combine symbols, images and text to form visual representations of ideas and messages. They use typography, visual arts and page layout techniques to create visual compositions, common uses of graphic design include corporate design, editorial design, wayfinding or environmental design, advertising, web design, communication design, product packaging and signage. The term graphic design was coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922, however, graphic design-like activities span human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to Romes Trajans Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo. In Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction, the bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary. This was the first known road sign announcing the name of the governor of a state or mayor of the city, the Egyptians developed communication by hieroglyphics that used picture symbols dating as far back as 136 B. C. found on the Rosetta Stone. During the Dark Ages, from 500 AD to 1450 AD, monks created elaborate and they share many elements, theories, principles, practices, languages and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising, the objective is the sale of goods. In graphic design, the essence is to order to information, form to ideas, expression. Graphic design in the United States began with Benjamin Franklin who used his newspaper The Pennsylvania Gazette, to master the art of publicity to promote his own books and his invention is still sold today and is known as the Franklin stove. American advertising initially imitated British newspapers and magazines, advertisements were printed in scrambled type and uneven lines that made it difficult to read. Franklin better organized this by adding 14-point type for the first line of the advertisement, although later shortened and centered it, Franklin added illustrations, something that London printers had not attempted. Franklin was the first to utilize logos, which were early symbols that announced such services as opticians by displaying golden spectacles, Franklin taught advertisers that the use of detail was important in marketing their products. Some advertisements ran for 10-20 lines, including color, names, varieties, during the Tang Dynasty wood blocks were cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest known printed book, beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using movable type printing, making books widely available during the Song dynasty. During the 17th-18th century movable type was used for handbills or trade cards which were printed from wood or copper engravings and these documents announced a business and its location. English painter William Hogarth used his skill in engraving was one of the first to design for business trade, in Mainz Germany, in 1448, Johann Gutenberg introduced movable type using a new metal alloy for use in a printing press and opened a new era of commerce. Previously, most advertising was word of mouth, in France and England, for example, criers announced products for sale just as ancient Romans had done
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Superman
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Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school living in Cleveland, Ohio. They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, Superman debuted in Action Comics #1 and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and The Last Son of Krypton. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple, the child is raised as Clark Kent, very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities, which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a secret Superman identity. Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis, as Clark Kent, he is a journalist for the Daily Planet, a Metropolis newspaper. Supermans love interest is generally Lois Lane, and his archenemy is supervillain Lex Luthor and he is typically a member of the Justice League and close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman. Like other characters in the DC Universe, several versions of Superman have been depicted over the years. Supermans appearance is distinctive and iconic, he wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest, consisting of the letter S in a shield shape. This shield is used in media to symbolize the character. Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon and he has fascinated scholars, with cultural theorists, commentators, and critics alike exploring the characters impact and role in the United States and worldwide. The characters ownership has often been the subject of dispute, with Siegel, the character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well, including films, television series, and video games. Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn, George Reeves, Christopher Reeve, Dean Cain, Tom Welling, Brandon Routh, Henry Cavill, Siegels fanzine did not sell well. Siegel and Shuster shifted to making comic strips, which they self-published in a book they called Popular Comics, the pair dreamed of becoming professional authors and believed that syndicated newspaper strips offered more lucrative and stable work than pulp magazines. The art quality standards were lower, making them more accessible to the inexperienced Shuster. In early 1933 or in 1934, Siegel developed a new character, also named Superman, but now a heroic character and this first prototype of Superman had no fantastic abilities and wore casual clothing. Siegel and Shuster often compared this version to Slam Bradley, a character they created in 1936. Siegel shared his idea with Shuster and they decided to turn it into a comic strip, the first publisher they solicited was Humor Publishing in Chicago, after having read one of their comic books, Detective Dan
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Jerry Siegel
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He was inducted into the comic book industrys Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993. Siegel was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the youngest of six children of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire and he was preceded by sisters Minerva and Roslyn, both in Lithuania, brothers Harry and Leo, and sister Isabel. His father was a painter who opened a haberdashery and encouraged his sons artistic inclinations. Mitchell died of an attack brought on by the robbery of his store. Siegel was a fan of movies, comic strips, and especially science fiction pulp magazines and he became active in what would become known as fandom, corresponding with other science fiction fans, including the young future author Jack Williamson. In 1929, Siegel published what might have been the first SF fanzine, Cosmic Stories and he published several other booklets over the next few years. Siegel attended Glenville High School in Cleveland, Ohio and worked for its student newspaper. He was a shy, not particularly popular student, but he achieved a bit of fame among his peers for his popular Tarzan parody, at about age 16, while at Glenville, he befriended his later collaborator, Joe Shuster. Siegel described his friendship with the shy and bespectacled Shuster, When Joe and I first met. Siegel and Shuster created a bald telepathic villain referred to as the Superman and he appeared in the short story The Reign of the Superman from Science Fiction #3, a science fiction fanzine that Siegel published in 1933. Tossing and turning in bed one night in 1934, he thought of the familiar character by that name. Siegel and Shuster then began a four-year quest to find a publisher, titling it The Superman, Siegel and Shuster offered it to Consolidated Book Publishing, who had published a 48-page black-and-white comic book entitled Detective Dan, Secret Operative No.48. Although the duo received a letter, Consolidated never again published comic books. Shuster took this to heart and burned all pages of the story, Siegel and Shuster each compared this character to Slam Bradley, an adventurer the pair had created for Detective Comics #1. The following year, Siegel & Shuster initiated the syndicated Superman comic strip, Siegel also created the ghostly avenger The Spectre during this same period. As part of the deal which saw Superman published in Action Comics, Siegel and Shuster sold the rights to the company in return for $130, Siegel and Shusters status as children of Jewish immigrants is also thought to have influenced their work. One scholar has argued that they crafted an immigrant figure whose desire was to fit into American culture as an American, in 1946, Siegel and Shuster, nearing the end of their 10-year contract to produce Superman stories, sued National over rights to the characters. In 1947, the team had rejoined editor Sullivan, by now the founder and publisher of the comic-book company Magazine Enterprises, when he sued DC over the Superman rights again in 1967, his relationship with the hero he had co-created was again severed
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Joe Shuster
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Joseph Joe Shuster was a Canadian-American comic book artist best known for co-creating the DC Comics character Superman, with writer Jerry Siegel, in Action Comics #1. Shuster was involved in a number of battles over ownership of the Superman character. His comic book career after Superman was relatively unsuccessful, and by the mid-1970s Shuster had left the field due to partial blindness. He and Siegel were inducted into both the book industrys Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993. In 2005, the Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association instituted the Joe Shuster Awards, joseph Shuster was born in Toronto, to a Jewish family. His father, Julius Shuster, an immigrant from Rotterdam, had a shop in Torontos garment district. His mother, Ida, had come from Kiev in Ukraine and his family, including his sister, Jean, lived on Bathurst, Oxford, and Borden Streets, and Shuster attended Ryerson and Lansdowne Public Schools. One cousin is comedian Frank Shuster of the Canadian comedy team Wayne, as a youngster, Shuster worked as a newspaper boy for the Toronto Daily Star. The family barely made ends meet, and the young artist would scrounge for paper. He recalled in 1992, I would go from store to store in Toronto, one day, I was lucky enough to find a bunch of wallpaper rolls that were unused and left over from some job. So it was a goldmine for me, and I went home with every roll I could carry, I kept using that wallpaper for a long time. Sometime in 1924, when Shuster was 9 or 10, his family moved to Cleveland, there Shuster attended Glenville High School and befriended his later collaborator, writer Jerry Siegel, with whom he began publishing a science fiction fanzine called Science Fiction. Siegel described his friendship with the shy and bespectacled Shuster, When Joe and I first met. And DC approved them, just like that, but DC did say, We like your ideas, we like your scripts and we like your drawings. But please, copy over the stories in pen and ink on good paper. So I got my mother and father to me the money to go out and buy some decent paper. The character was not successful, and Siegel eventually devised the more familiar version of the character, lois Lane was modelled on Joanne Carter, who later became Siegels wife. Siegel and Shuster then began a six-year quest to find a publisher, titling it The Superman, Siegel and Shuster offered it to Consolidated Book Publishing, who had published a 48-page black-and-white comic book entitled Detective Dan, Secret Operative No.48
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High School of Art and Design
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The High School of Art and Design is a Career and Technical Education high school in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1936 as the School of Industrial Art, the moved to its Midtown Manhattan location on 56th Street. High School of Art and Design is operated by the New York City Department of Education, initially, they used orange crates and plywood to make storage and desks. One of the co-founders, John B, the school soon moved to a building on East 79th Street in the Upper East Side, the former annex to the Benjamin Franklin High School. In September 1960, the changed its name to the High School of Art and Design. However, it opened as a high school, On November 8,2004. This was to include a conference at which increased support of the school would be urged. On November 8,2006 the school celebrated its 70th anniversary, the office of the Mayor of New York City issued a proclamation making November 8 High School of Art and Design Day. Applicants must take an exam and present a portfolio to be accepted. Freshmen sample all art and design subjects before selecting a major for their sophomore, Art and Designs Kenny Gallery, named for the schools founding principal John B. Kenny, hosts art exhibits of student work. The gallery is open to the public, the Black Box Theatre was donated by the Friends of Art and Design. Some members of the faculty have become notable for their creative work outside teaching
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Archie Comics
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Archie Comic Publications, Inc. is an American comic book publisher headquartered in Pelham, New York. The company is known for its many titles featuring fictional teenagers including Archie Andrews, Jughead Jones, Betty Cooper, Veronica Lodge, Sabrina Spellman, and Josie, the company began in 1939 as MLJ Comics, which primarily published superhero comics. The initial Archie characters were created in 1941 by publisher John L. Goldwater and artist Bob Montana and they first appeared in Pep Comics #22. With the creation of Archie, publisher John Goldwater hoped to appeal to fans of the Andy Hardy movies starring Mickey Rooney, Archie Comics was also the title of the companys longest-running publication, the first issue appearing with a cover date of Winter 1942. Starting with issue #114, the title was shortened to simply Archie, the flagship series was relaunched from issue #1 in July 2015 with a new look and design suited for a new generation of readers. Archie Comics characters and concepts have also appeared in films, television programs, cartoons. Maurice Coyne, Louis Silberkleit, and John L. Goldwater formed MLJ Magazines, the company name was derived from the initials of the partners first names. Coyne served as MLJs bookkeeper and chief financial officer, Coyne and Silberkleit had been partners in Columbia Publications, a pulp company that published its last pulp in the late 1950s. Silberkleit had a degree from St. Johns University, was a licensed and registered pharmacist. His efforts were focused on the business, printing, separating, distribution, Goldwater was one of the founders of the Comics Magazine Association of America, and he served as its president for 25 years. Goldwater was also a commissioner of the Anti-Defamation League. MLJs first comic book, published in November 1939, was Blue Ribbon Comics, with the first half of the book in full color, top Notch Comics was launched in December 1939. In January 1940, Pep Comics debuted with the Shield, the first USA patriotic comic book hero, created by writer and managing editor Harry Shorten, the Shield was a forerunner of Joe Simons and Jack Kirbys Captain America, being published 14 months earlier. Until March 1944, the feature of Pep was the Shield. The Andy Hardy movies were an inspiration for Goldwater to have a book about a relatable normal person. Teenaged Archibald Chick Andrews debuted with Betty Cooper and Jughead Jones in Pep Comics #22, in a story by writer Vic Bloom, Archie soon became MLJ Magazines headliner, which led to the company changing its name to Archie Comic Publications. Siberkleit and Coyne discontinued Columbia Publications in 1960, in the late 1950s, Archie Publishing launched its Archie Adventure Series line with a new version of the Shield and two new characters. Publisher Jim Warren received a letter on December 6,1961, accusing Help. of copyright infringement, Warren was unable to recall the magazine, but he agreed to settle out of court rather than risk an expensive lawsuit
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Superhero
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A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. Fiction centered on characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction. By most definitions, characters do not require actual supernatural or superhuman powers or phenomena to be deemed superheroes, some superheroes use their powers to counter daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superheros archenemy, some long-running superheroes such as Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and Spider-Man have a rogues gallery of many villains. The word superhero dates to at least 1917, antecedents of the archetype include such folkloric heroes as Robin Hood, who adventured in distinctive clothing. The 1903 play The Scarlet Pimpernel and its spinoffs popularized the idea of a masked avenger, during the 1940s there were many superheroes, and only a few of these were female. The Flash, Green Lantern and Blue Beetle debuted in this era, most of the other female costumed crime-fighters during this era lacked superpowers. The most iconic comic book superheroine, who debuted during the Golden Age, is Wonder Woman, inspired by the Amazons of Greek mythology, she was created by psychologist William Moulton Marston, with help and inspiration from his wife Elizabeth and their mutual lover Olive Byrne. Wonder Womans first appearance was in All Star Comics #8, published by All-American Publications, in 1952, Osamu Tezukas manga Tetsuwan Atom was published. The series focused upon a robot boy built by a scientist to replace his deceased son, the 1950s saw the Silver Age of Comics. During this era DC introduced the likes of Batwoman in 1956, Supergirl, Miss Arrowette,1958 saw the debut of superhero Moonlight Mask on Japanese television. In 1963, Astro Boy was adapted into a highly influential anime television series, Phantom Agents in 1964 focused on ninjas working for the Japanese government and would be the foundation for Sentai-type series. Another important event was the debut of Mazinger Z by Go Nagai, Go Nagai also wrote the manga Cutey Honey in 1973, although the Magical Girl genre already existed, Nagais manga introduced Transformation sequences that would become a staple of Magical Girl media. The dark Skull Man manga would later get a television adaptation, the protagonist was redesigned resemble a grasshopper, becoming the renowned first masked hero of the Kamen Rider series. Kamen Rider is a motorcycle riding hero in an insect-like costume, both major publishers began introducing new superheroines with a more distinct feminist theme as part of their origin stories or character development. Examples include Big Barda, Power Girl, and the Huntress by DC comics, and from Marvel, the second Black Widow, Shanna the She-Devil, and The Cat. In 1975 Shotaro Ishinomoris Himitsu Sentai Gorenger debuted on what is now TV Asahi, it brought the concepts of multi-colored teams, in 1978, Toei adapted Spider-Man into a live-action series. In subsequent decades, popular characters like Dazzler, She-Hulk, Elektra, Catwoman, Witchblade, Spider-Girl, Batgirl, volume 4 of the X-Men comic book series featured an all-female team as part of the Marvel NOW. branding initiative in 2013
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Joe Simon
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Joseph Henry Joe Simon was an American comic book writer, artist, editor, and publisher. Simon created or co-created many important characters in the 1930s–1940s Golden Age of Comic Books and served as the first editor of Timely Comics, Simon and Kirby creations for other comics publishers include Boys Ranch, Fighting American and the Fly. In the late 1940s, the duo created the field of romance comics, Simon, who went on to work in advertising and commercial art, also founded the satirical magazine Sick in 1960, remaining with it for a decade. He briefly returned to DC Comics in the 1970s, Simon was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1999. Joe Simon was born in 1913 as Hymie Simon and raised in Rochester, New York, the son of Harry Simon, who had emigrated from Leeds, England, in 1905, and Rose, whom Harry met in the United States. Harry Simon moved to Rochester, then a center where his younger brother Isaac lived. A poor Jewish family, the Simons lived in a flat which doubled as my fathers tailor shop. Upon graduation in 1932, Simon was hired by Rochester Journal-American art director Adolph Edler as an assistant, replacing Simons future comics colleague Al Liederman, between production duties, he did occasional sports and editorial cartoons for the paper. Two years later, Simon took an art job at the Syracuse Herald in Syracuse, New York, for $45 a week, supplying sports, the paper soon closed, and Simon, at 23, ventured to New York City. There, Simon took a room at the boarding house Haddon Hall, in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan and he also found freelance work at Macfadden Publications, doing illustrations for True Story and other magazines. That day, Simon received his first comics assignment, a seven-page Western, four days later, Jacquet asked Simon, at the behest of Timely Comics publisher Martin Goodman, to create a flaming superhero like Timelys successful character the Human Torch. From this came Simons first comic-book hero, the Fiery Mask, Simon used the pseudonym Gregory Sykes on at least one story during this time, King of the Jungle, starring Trojak The Tiger Man, in Timelys Daring Mystery Comics #2. During this time, Simon met Fox Feature Syndicate comics artist Jack Kirby, speaking at a 1998 Comic-Con International panel in San Diego, California, Simon recounted the meeting, I had a suit and Jack thought that was really nice. Hed never seen a book artist with a suit before. The reason I had a suit was that my father was a tailor, Jacks father was a tailor too, but he made pants. Anyway, I was doing work and I had a little office in New York about ten blocks from DC and Fox s offices. So, of course, I loved Jacks work and the first time I saw it I couldnt believe what I was seeing and he asked if we could do some freelance work together. I was delighted and I took him over to my little office and we worked from the second issue of Blue Bolt. and remained a team across the next two decades
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Fly (Archie Comics)
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The Fly is a fictional comic book superhero first published in 1959 by Red Circle Comics. He was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby as part of Archies Archie Adventure Series and he first appeared in The Double Life of Private Strong #1, however his origin story and first full length appearance were in Adventures of the Fly #1. After the first four issues of Adventures of the Fly, others took on the character and he was later partnered with Fly Girl. Adventures of The Fly was cancelled with issue #30, the Fly also appeared in short stories in some of Archies other titles, between October 1961 and January 1963. His own series was restarted as Fly-Man as part of the Mighty Comics Group, the title changed again to Mighty Comics, which featured various Archie super-heroes in solo adventures for #40-50 before its cancellation in 1967. The Fly was published again in the 1980s under the Red Circle Comics imprint, the stories in this series were more similar to the previous stories in Adventures of The Fly and co-starred Fly Girl. With issue #5, Steve Ditko both wrote and drew the stories, which portrayed Tommy Troy being framed and discredited, Ditko left the series after issue #8, and another writer wrapped up the storyline in #9, which cleared Troy from any guilt. The Fly was one of the used in DC Comics revamp of the Archie characters in DCs. mpact Comics line. This series, also called The Fly, ran 17 issues and portrayed the Fly as a boy who turned into an adult superhero, Archie Comics reprinted the first four issues of the 1959 series in a 2004 trade paperback collection under the companys Red Circle imprint. In 1999, Joe Simon regained the rights to the thanks to copyright termination. The termination did not affect Fly-Girl, since she was created after Simon, since Archie Comics no longer owned the rights to the Fly, DC couldnt use the character. Instead, they used Fly-Girl, his counterpart in the original 60 stories. Fly Girl has subsequently stood in for The Fly in Archies 2012 New Crusaders series, Tommy Troy was an orphan hired by Ben and Abigail March. Late one night, he tried wearing a ring with a fly-shaped emblem he found in their attic, the Marches were wizards, and the ring summoned Turan, one of the Fly People. Turan explained that, ages ago, the Fly People ruled the Earth and they used magic in their wars, in the ultimate one of which they reduced most of their population to common houseflies. Only a few Fly People managed to escape to another dimension, pure of heart to fight crime and greed, which were their own downfall. By rubbing the ring and saying I wish I were the Fly, he exchanged bodies with the other dimension, to return to his own identity, all he had to do was utter his name. The Fly was dressed in a dark green leotard with yellow shorts and belt
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Letterer
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A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic books text. The letterers use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, the letterer crafts the comics display lettering, the story title lettering and other special captions and credits that usually appear on a storys first page. The letterer also writes the letters in the balloons and draws in sound effects. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book companys various titles, by the late 1940s, it became possible to make a living just lettering comic strips and comic books for artists, studios, and companies that didnt have the time or desire to do it in-house. Letterer and logo designer Ira Schnapp defined the DC Comics look for nearly thirty years, starting in around 1966, Schnapps classic, art deco-inspired look was replaced by the pulsing, organic style of Gaspar Saladino, who redesigned DCs house style for the counterculture era. Gaspar became the cover letterer for all of DCs books throughout the 1970s, from the 1930 through the 1990s, the letterer plied his craft on the same page drawn by the penciler. At DC Comics during the Silver Age of the 1960s, pencilers were required to rough in balloons, an accomplished letterer was able to adapt his or her style to the style of the art for that particular book. The evolution of desktop publishing powered by computers, especially made by Apple, began in the 1980s. One of the first users of computer-generated lettering was writer/artist John Byrne, other early users of computer lettering were David Cody Weiss and Roxanne Starr, who experimented in computer lettering with Bob Burdens Flaming Carrot Comics. Computer lettering really started making an impact with the availability of the first commercial comic book font, in the early 1990s letterer Richard Starkings and his partner John Roshell began creating comic book fonts and started Comicraft, which has since become the major source of comics fonts. Wildstorm Comics was ahead of the curve, Marvel came around a few later, and DC held to traditional production methods the longest. In the early years of the 21st Century, the mainstream American comics companies moved almost exclusively to in-house computer lettering, Chris Eliopoulos designed the fonts for Marvels in-house lettering unit, and Ken Lopez did the same at DC. Since then the trend has swung the other way, with most comics publishers once again using freelance letterers rather than in-house staff, nearly all use computer and digital comic book fonts. The traditional comic book letterer needs little more than a guide, a pen or brush, India ink. Some situations required the letterer to use vellum overlays on top of the original art, the lettering in the comics of the sensationalist horror comics publisher EC Comics c. 1955 was different from other publishers — its mechanical appearance gave it a sterile aspect, eCs letterers achieved their particular look by using a Leroy lettering set, a device popular amongst draftsmen and architects. The Leroy lettering set consisted of a stylus and a pantographic lettering form, most Marvel and DC books are now lettered using a graphics program such as Adobe Illustrator or Adobe Photoshop, and a font that resembles hand lettering. Computer lettering provides a lot of technical shortcuts, especially by combining the work directly with digital art files
27.
Howard Nostrand
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Howard Nostrand was an American cartoonist and illustrator best known for his 1950s comic book stories and his 1959-60 syndicated comic strip Bat Masterson, based on the television series. Howard Nostrand was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1932, his family moved to Hempstead, New York, where he graduated from high school in 1946. After working for his fathers furniture construction and restoration business, painting gold leaf, scroll work and other embellishments and it didnt teach very much of anything, Nostrand recalled in 1974, so I left after one semester. In 1948, through one of his fathers friends, Nostrand found work as an assistant to comic book artist Bob Powell, Nostrand recalled working alongside his fellow assistants, background artist George Siefringer and Martin Epp, who inked, lettered and helped George on backgrounds. I started out inking and then got into doing backgrounds, for Fawcett Comics, he did work in Hot Rod Comics, an adaptation of the 1951 John Huston film The Red Badge of Courage and a couple of Westerns, including the movie spin-off feature Lash LaRue. Nostrand left Powell in March 1952 and found work with Harvey Comics editor Sid Jacobson, I think the first job I did for Harvey was a story called Man Germ, written by a fellow named Nat Barnett. About a trip through the interior of a persons body, turns out this fellow as a germ, though, and the body expires. Nostrand also worked on Harveys short-lived 3-D comics, as well as on such titles as Black Cat Mystery, Chamber of Chills, Tomb of Terror. Nostrand did an imitation of Jack Davis and in one case completely redrew a sequence by Wally Wood from ECs Two-Fisted Tales but changed the positioning. Wood and other EC artists praised Nostrands work and saw that he was talented enough not to do outright swipes, with the mid-1950s slump in comic books that followed the Senate hearings on juvenile delinquency and the creation of the Comics Code. In a 1974 autobiographical magazine article, he recalled, I was pretty well washed-up in comics, I did manage to scrounge a couple of jobs once in a while, but the handwriting was on the wall. I decided instead of becoming a famous cartoonist, I would become a famous illustrator and this was a very bleak period in my life. After doing comics for five or six years, I found it difficult to adapt myself to working in new media, all the training Id had was directed at producing comic book art, and there wasnt any market for it. I was informed that my linework looked like Flash Gordon, two years earlier it would have been considered a compliment, now it was like a goddamn albatross around my neck. He eventually found a position at the New York commercial art firm Penthouse Studios at Eighth Avenue. With writer Ed Herron, he produced the 1959-60 syndicated comic strip Bat Masterson, based on the television series, in 1975, he returned to comic books with stories for Seaboard, and Marvel, followed by more than a dozen contributions to Cracked. His last recorded work was the back-cover gag, Great Moments in Technology, Marcus Bulovas Invents the Wristwatch. Nostrand won an award in the 1960s from the American Institute of Graphic Arts for his subway poster showing a cigar-puffing gangster, potrzebie, Four Color Fear, September 26,2010 The Best of the Harveyville Fun Times
28.
Bat Masterson
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William Barclay Bat Masterson spent the first half of his life in what is remembered as the Wild West. The Wild West phase of Mastersons life was essentially over by the mid 1880s when he was still in his early thirties, Masterson moved to Denver and established himself as a leading sporting man, or gambler. He took an interest in prizefighting and became an authority on the sport. He would attend almost every important match and title fight in the United States from the 1880s until his death in 1921. He knew, and was known by, all of the Heavyweight Champions from John L. Sullivan and James J. Gentleman Jim Corbett to Jack Johnson and Jack Dempsey. He moved to New York City in 1902 and would spend the rest of his life there as a reporter, Mastersons column not only covered boxing and other sports, but also gave his frequent opinions on crime, war, politics and other topics. He became a friend of President Theodore Roosevelt and became one of the White House Gunfighters who received federal appointments from Roosevelt. He was known throughout the country as a sports writer. Masterson was born on November 26,1853, at Henryville, Quebec, in the Eastern Townships of what was known as Canada East. His father Thomas Masterson was born in Canada of an Irish family and he was the second child in a family of five brothers and two sisters. They were raised on farms in Quebec, New York, and Illinois, until finally settled near Wichita. In his late teens, he and his brothers Edward John Ed Masterson, during July,1872 Ed and Bat Masterson were hired by a subcontractor named Raymond Ritter to grade a five-mile section of track for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad. Ritter skipped out without paying the Masterson brothers all of the wages to which they were entitled and it took Masterson nearly a year but he finally collected his overdue wages from Ritter – at gunpoint. On April 15,1873 Masterson learned that Ritter was due to arrive in Dodge City aboard a Santa Fe train, a loud cheer then went up from a large crowd who had witnessed the event. The two hundred Indians were led by famed Comanche Quanah Parker, the Indians suffered the most losses during the battle. The actual number of Indians killed is not known, and the number reported ranges from a low of 30 to a high of 70, the Adobe Walls defenders lost only four men – one of whom shot himself by accident. After being fought to a standstill, Quanah Parker and his followers rode off and his first gunfight took place on January 24,1876 in Sweetwater, Texas. He was attacked by a soldier, Corporal Melvin A. King, allegedly because of a girl named Mollie Brennan, Masterson was shot in the pelvis but recovered
29.
Comic strip
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A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. With the development of the internet, they began to online as web comics. There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist. As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous, starting in the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in Popeye, Captain Easy, Buck Rogers, Tarzan, and The Adventures of Tintin. Soap-opera continuity strips such as Judge Parker and Mary Worth gained popularity in the 1940s, all are called, generically, comic strips, though cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that sequential art would be a better genre-neutral name. In the UK and the rest of Europe, comic strips are also serialized in comic book magazines, storytelling using a sequence of pictures has existed through history. One medieval European example in textile form is the Bayeux Tapestry, printed examples emerged in 19th-century Germany and in 18th-century England, where some of the first satirical or humorous sequential narrative drawings were produced. William Hogarths 18th century English cartoons include both narrative sequences, such as A Rakes Progress, and single panels, in China, with its traditions of block printing and of the incorporation of text with image, experiments with what became lianhuanhua date back to 1884. The first newspaper comic strips appeared in North America in the late 19th century, the Yellow Kid is usually credited as one of the first newspaper strips. However, the art form combining words and pictures developed gradually, swiss author and caricature artist Rodolphe Töpffer is considered the father of the modern comic strips. In 1865, German painter, author, and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip Max and Moritz, Max and Moritz provided an inspiration for German immigrant Rudolph Dirks, who created the Katzenjammer Kids in 1897. Familiar comic-strip iconography such as stars for pain, sawing logs for snoring, speech balloons, hugely popular, Katzenjammer Kids occasioned one of the first comic-strip copyright ownership suits in the history of the medium. When Dirks left William Randolph Hearst for the promise of a better salary under Joseph Pulitzer, it was an unusual move, in a highly unusual court decision, Hearst retained the rights to the name Katzenjammer Kids, while creator Dirks retained the rights to the characters. Hearst promptly hired Harold Knerr to draw his own version of the strip, Dirks renamed his version Hans and Fritz. Thus, two versions distributed by rival syndicates graced the pages for decades. Dirks version, eventually distributed by United Feature Syndicate, ran until 1979, in the United States, the great popularity of comics sprang from the newspaper war between Pulitzer and Hearst. On January 31,1912, Hearst introduced the nations first full daily comic page in his New York Evening Journal, the history of this newspaper rivalry and the rapid appearance of comic strips in most major American newspapers is discussed by Ian Gordon. The longest running American comic strips are,1, barney Google and Snuffy Smith 5
30.
Elmer Wexler
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Elmer Wexler was an illustrator and cartoonist. He is most famous for his work on comic strips and comic books in the 1940s and he is credited with being the first artist to draw a soap-opera style comic strip, Vic Jordan, from 1941. Later he made his living from illustration, including books, magazines and he has also been credited as a co-creator of the obscure comic book character The Fighting Yank. He is the illustrator on a number of books about sports, wexlers record cover work was mainly for Grand Award Records, for whom he did almost as many illustrations as did Tracy Sugarman. These date from the late 1950s
31.
Ben Casey
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Ben Casey is an American medical drama series which ran on ABC from 1961 to 1966. The show was known for its titles, which consisted of a hand drawing the symbols ♂, ♀, ✳, †, ∞ on a chalkboard, as cast member Sam Jaffe intoned, Man, woman, birth, death. Neurosurgeon Joseph Ransohoff was a consultant for the show and may have influenced the personality of the title character. The series starred Vince Edwards as medical doctor Ben Casey, a young, intense and his mentor was Doctor David Zorba, played by Sam Jaffe. At the beginning of Season 5, Jaffe left the show and Franchot Tone replaced Zorba as new Chief of Neurosurgery, warner served as the programs original technical advisor in 1961. He worked closely with the actors, showing them how to handle medical instruments, Ben Casey had several directors including Irvin Kershner and Sydney Pollack. Its theme song was written by David Raksin, a version performed by pianist Valjean was a Top 40 hit in the United States, filmed at the Desilu Studios, the series was produced by Bing Crosby Productions. According to IMDb, Vince Edwards appeared on the TV series Breaking Point as Ben Casey, the episode was Solo for B-Flat Clarinet and debuted 16 September 1963. Both Ben Casey and Breaking Point were produced by Bing Crosby Productions, members of Breaking Point also had guest roles on Ben Casey. Original Run NOTE, The most frequent time slot for the series is in bold text, in the 1962-1963 season, it swamped Loretta Youngs return to weekly television in her family sitcom The New Loretta Young Show on CBS. In 1963, it moved to Wednesdays as the program for ABCs drama about college life. Daytime repeats of the series aired on ABCs weekday schedule from 1965 through 1967. Nielsen Ratings NOTE, The highest average rating for the series is in bold text, there was both a comic strip and a comic book based on the television series. The strip was developed and written by Jerry Capp and drawn by Neal Adams, the daily strip began on November 26,1962 and the Sunday strip debuted on September 20,1964. Both ended on July 31,1966, the daily strip was reprinted in the Menomonee Falls Gazette. The comic book was published by Dell Comics for 10 issues from 1962 to 1964, all had photocovers, except for the final issue which was drawn by John Tartaglione. From 1962 through 1963, the paperback publisher Lancer Books also issued four original novels based on the series, the covers of the books featured photographs of Edwards as Casey or, in the case of the last novel, a drawing of a doctor with Edwards appearance. In 1988, the made-for-TV-movie The Return of Ben Casey, with Vince Edwards reprising his role as Casey, harry Landers was the only other original cast member to reprise his role
32.
Li'l Abner
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Written and drawn by Al Capp, the strip ran for 43 years, from August 13,1934 through November 13,1977. It was distributed by United Feature Syndicate, Comic strips typically dealt with northern urban experiences before Capp introduced Lil Abner, the first strip based in the South. Although Capp was from Connecticut, he spent 43 years writing about a southern town. The comic strip had 60 million readers in over 900 American newspapers and 100 foreign papers in 28 countries, Author M. Thomas Inge says Capp had a profound influence on the way the world viewed the American South. Lil Abner Yokum, Abner was 63 and perpetually 19 yars old, a naïve, simpleminded, gullible and sweet-natured hillbilly, he lived in a ramshackle log cabin with his pint-sized parents. Capp derived the family name Yokum as a combination of yokel, in Capps satirical and often complex plots, Abner was a country bumpkin Candide — a paragon of innocence in a sardonically dark and cynical world. During World War II, Abner was drafted into becoming the mascot emblem of the Patrol Boat Squadron 29, for 18 years, Abner slipped out of Daisy Maes marital crosshairs time and time again. When Capp finally gave in to pressure and allowed the couple to tie the knot. It even made the cover of Life magazine on March 31,1952 — illustrating an article by Capp entitled Its Hideously True, the Creator of Lil Abner Tells Why His Hero Is Wed. Daisy Mae Yokum, Beautiful Daisy Mae was hopelessly in love with Dogpatchs most prominent resident throughout the entire 43-year run of Al Capps comic strip, during most of the epic, the impossibly dense Abner exhibited little romantic interest in her voluptuous charms. In 1952, Abner reluctantly proposed to Daisy to emulate the engagement of his comic strip ideel, Fosdicks own wedding to longtime fiancée Prudence Pimpleton turned out to be a dream — but Abner and Daisys ceremony, performed by Marryin Sam, was permanent. Abner and Daisy Maes nuptials were a source of media attention, landing them on the aforementioned cover of Life magazines March 31,1952. Once married, Abner became relatively domesticated, like Mammy Yokum and the other wimmenfolk in Dogpatch, Daisy Mae did all the work, domestic and otherwise — while the useless menfolk generally did nothing whatsoever. Mammy Yokum, Born Pansy Hunks, Mammy was the scrawny, highly principled sassiety leader and she married the inconsequential Pappy Yokum in 1902, they produced two strapping sons twice their own size. Mammy dominated the Yokum clan through the force of her personality, and dominated everyone else with her fearsome right uppercut and she is consistently the toughest character throughout Lil Abner. A superhuman dynamo, Mammy did all the household chores — and her authority was unquestioned, and her characteristic phrase, Ah has spoken. Signaled the end of all further discussion and her most familiar phrase, however, is Good is better than evil becuz its nicer. Pappy Yokum, Born Lucifer Ornamental Yokum, pint-sized Pappy had the misfortune of being the patriarch in a family that didnt have one, Pappy was so lazy and ineffectual, he didnt even bathe himself
33.
Al Capp
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He also wrote the comic strips Abbie an Slats and Long Sam. He won the National Cartoonists Societys Reuben Award in 1947 for Cartoonist of the Year, Comic strips dealt with northern urban experiences until the year Capp introduced Lil Abner, the first strip based in the South. M. Thomas Inge says Capp made a personal fortune on the strip and had a profound influence on the way the world viewed the American South. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, of East European Jewish heritage, Capp was the eldest child of Otto Philip, Capps parents were both natives of Latvia whose families had migrated to New Haven in the 1880s. My mother and father had brought to this country from Russia when they were infants. Their fathers had found that the promise of America was true—it was no crime to be a Jew. The Caplins were dirt poor, and Capp later recalled stories of his going out in the night to sift through ash barrels for reusable bits of coal. In August 1919, at the age of nine, Capp was run down by a car and had to have his left leg amputated. He was eventually given a leg, but only learned to use it by adopting a slow way of walking which became increasingly painful as he grew older. The childhood tragedy of losing a leg likely helped shape Capp’s cynical worldview, I was indignant as hell about that leg, he would reveal in a November 1950 interview in Time magazine. The secret of how to live without resentment or embarrassment in a world in which I was different from everyone else and it was the prevailing opinion among his friends that Capps Swiftian satire was, to some degree, a creatively channeled, compensatory response to his disability. Capps father, a businessman and an amateur cartoonist, introduced him to drawing as a form of therapy. He became quite proficient, learning mostly on his own, at about this same time, Capp became a voracious reader. According to Capps brother Elliot, Alfred had finished all of Shakespeare, among his childhood favorites were Dickens, Smollett, Mark Twain, Booth Tarkington, and later, Robert Benchley and S. J. Perelman. Capp spent five years at Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut without receiving a diploma, the cartoonist liked to joke about how he failed geometry for nine straight terms. His formal training came from a series of art schools in the New England area, Capp had already decided to become a cartoonist. I heard that Bud Fisher got $3,000 a week and was constantly marrying French countesses, I decided that was for me. In early 1932, Capp hitchhiked to New York City and he lived in airless rat holes in Greenwich Village and turned out advertising strips at $2 apiece while scouring the city hunting for jobs
34.
AT&T Corporation
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Founded in 1885 as the original American Telephone and Telegraph Company, it was at times the worlds largest telephone company, the worlds largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people, in 2005, AT&T was purchased by Baby Bell and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion. SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc, AT&T started with Bell Patent Association, a legal entity established in 1874 to protect the patent rights of Alexander Graham Bell after he invented the telephone system. Originally a verbal agreement, it was formalized in writing in 1875 as Bell Telephone Company, in 1880 the management of American Bell had created what would become AT&T Long Lines. The project was the first of its kind to create a nationwide long-distance network with a commercially viable cost-structure, the project was formally incorporated in New York State as a separate company named American Telephone and Telegraph Company on March 3,1885. With this assets transfer, AT&T became the parent of both American Bell and the Bell System. AT&T was involved mainly in the business and, although it was a partner with RCA, was reluctant to see radio grow because such growth might diminish the demand for wired services. It established station WEAF in New York as what was termed a toll station, AT&T could provide no programming, but anyone who wished to broadcast a message could pay a toll to AT&T and then air the message publicly. The original studio was the size of a telephone booth, the idea, however, did not take hold, because people would pay to broadcast messages only if they were sure that someone was listening. As a result, WEAF began broadcasting entertainment material, drawing amateur talent found among its employees, throughout most of the 20th century, AT&T held a monopoly on phone service in the United States and Canada through a network of companies called the Bell System. At this time, the company was nicknamed Ma Bell, on April 30,1907, Theodore Newton Vail became President of AT&T. Vail believed in the superiority of one system and AT&T adopted the slogan One Policy, One System. This would be the philosophy for the next 70 years. Under Vail, AT&T began buying up many of the telephone companies including Western Union telegraph. Anxious to avoid action from government antitrust suits, AT&T and the government entered into an agreement known as the Kingsbury Commitment. These actions brought unwanted attention from antitrust regulators, in the Kingsbury Commitment, AT&T and the government reached an agreement that allowed AT&T to continue operating as a monopoly. While AT&T periodically faced scrutiny from regulators, this state of affairs continued until the breakup in 1984. The United States Justice Department opened the case United States v. AT&T in 1974 and this was prompted by suspicion that AT&T was using monopoly profits from its Western Electric subsidiary to subsidize the cost of its network, a violation of anti-trust law
35.
Boys' Life
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Boys Life is the monthly magazine of the Boy Scouts of America. Its targeted readership is young American males between the ages of 6 and 18, the magazine has its headquarters in Irving, Texas. Boys Life is published in two demographic editions, both editions often have the same cover, but are tuned to the target audience through the inclusion of 16–20 pages of unique content per edition. The first edition is suitable for the youngest members of Cub Scouting, the second edition is appropriate for 11-to-18-year-old boys, which includes second-year Webelos through 18-year-old Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts and Venturers. If the subscription is obtained through registration in the Boy Scouts of America program, in June 2007, Boys Life garnered four Distinguished Achievement Awards conferred by the Association of Educational Publishers, including Periodical of the Year. The magazines mascot is Pedro the Mailburro, who answers readers letters and is the subject of a comic strip, in 1911, George S. Barton, of Somerville, Massachusetts, founded, and published the first edition of Boys Life magazine. It was edited by 18-year old Joe Lane of Providence, Rhode Island and he called it Boys and Boy Scouts Magazine. At that time there were three major competing Scouting organizations, the American Boy Scouts, New England Boy Scouts, five thousand copies were printed of the first issue of Bartons Boys Life, published on January 1,1911. As few copies actually reached the public, the widely accepted first edition is the version published on March 1,1911. With this issue, the magazine was expanded from eight to 48 pages, the size was reduced. In 1912, the Boy Scouts of America purchased the magazine, BSA paid $6,000, $1 per subscriber, for the magazine. Often, the version of Boys Life geared towards older boys features buying guides for such as cars, MP3 players, digital cameras, sunglasses. Boys Life had in 2005 a monthly feature called BLs Get Fit Guide, each month highlighted a different aspect of physical health, such as diet, exercise, and drugs. Each month the magazine features an unusual Boy Scout trip that most Scouts do not normally do. These trips range from a Philmont Scout Ranch adventure to a water rafting trip. In both versions, Boys Life features a video section, which, in addition to new video game reviews. They also contain technology updates, as well as book reviews, content includes Special Features, Adventure Stories, Bank Street Classics, Entertainment, Environmental Issues, History, Sports, and Codemaster. Boys Life contracted with the Johnstone and Cushing art agency to produce much of its early cartooning content, feature columns include Electronics, Entertainment, Fast Facts, History, Hitchin Rack With Pedro the Mailburro, Think and Grin, Science, Scouting Around, and Sports
36.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturing company founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and based in Akron, Ohio. Goodyear manufactures tires for automobiles, commercial trucks, light trucks, motorcycles, SUVs, race cars, airplanes, farm equipment, the company was named after American Charles Goodyear, inventor of vulcanized rubber. The first Goodyear tires became popular because they were easily detachable, Goodyear is also known for the Goodyear Blimp. Though Goodyear had been manufacturing airships and balloons since the early 1900s, today it is one of the most recognizable advertising icons in America. The company is the most successful tire supplier in Formula One history, with starts, wins. They pulled out of the sport after the 1998 season and it is the sole tire supplier for NASCAR series. Goodyear is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company opened a new headquarters building in Akron in 2013. The first Goodyear factory opened in Akron, Ohio, in 1898, the thirteen original employees manufactured bicycle and carriage tires, rubber horseshoe pads, and poker chips. The company grew with the advent of the automobile, in 1901 Frank Seiberling provided Henry Ford with racing tires. In 1903, Paul Weeks Litchfield was granted a patent for the first tubeless automobile tire, by 1908 Ford was outfitting his Model T with Goodyear tires. In 1909 Goodyear manufactured its first aircraft tire, in 1911 Goodyear started experimenting with airship design. It later manufactured airships and observation balloons for the United States Army Air Service during World War I, the transport and reconnaissance capabilities that Goodyear provided contributed significantly to the Allied victory. In 1916, Litchfield found land in the Phoenix area suitable for growing long-staple cotton, the 36,000 acres purchased were controlled by the Southwest Cotton Company, formed with Litchfield as president. In 1924, Litchfield, as Goodyear Vice President, forged a joint venture with the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Company to form the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation, by 1926 Goodyear was the largest rubber company in the world. Only four years earlier it was forced to halt production of racing tires due to heavy competition. Nevertheless, the popularity of the Goodyear tire on the circuit led to a popular demand for the return of the brand. On August 5,1927, Goodyear had its public offering and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange
37.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
38.
Bing Crosby
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Harry Lillis Bing Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. The first multimedia star, from 1931 to 1954 Crosby was a leader in sales, radio ratings. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations such as the microphone and this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dick Haymes, and Dean Martin. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music, in 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. He is one of only 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the categories of motion pictures, radio, Crosby influenced the development of the postwar recording industry. He became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. In addition to his work with early tape recording, he helped to finance the development of videotape, bought television stations, bred racehorses, Crosby died at the age of 74 on October 14,1977, from a sudden heart attack in Alcobendas, Spain. Crosby was born on May 2,1903 in Tacoma, Washington, in 1906, Crosbys family moved to Spokane, and in 1913, Crosbys father built a house at 508 E. Sharp Avenue. The house now sits on the campus of Crosbys alma mater Gonzaga University and he was the fourth of seven children, brothers Larry, Everett, Ted, and Bob, and two sisters, Catherine and Mary Rose. His parents were Harry Lowe Crosby, Sr. a bookkeeper, Crosbys mother was a second generation Irish-American. In 1910, seven-year-old Harry Crosby Jr. was forever renamed, the Sunday edition of the Spokesman-Review published a feature called The Bingville Bugle. Written by humorist Newton Newkirk, The Bingville Bugle was a parody of a hillbilly newsletter filled with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. A neighbor, 15-year-old Valentine Hobart, shared Crosbys enthusiasm for The Bugle, and noting Crosbys laugh, took a liking to him, eventually, the last vowel was dropped and the nickname stuck. Crosby later described Jolsons delivery as electric, Crosby graduated from Gonzaga High School in 1920 and enrolled at Gonzaga University. He attended Gonzaga for three years, but did not earn a bachelors degree, as a freshman, he played on the universitys baseball team. The university granted him a doctorate in 1937. In 1923, Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of school students a few years younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, the group performed on Spokane radio station KHQ, but disbanded after two years
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