1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
3.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
4.
Lincoln, Nebraska
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Lincoln is the capital of the U. S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Lancaster County. The city covers 92.81 square miles with a population of 277,348 in 2015 and it is the second-most populous city in Nebraska and the 72nd-largest in the United States. The statistical area is home to 345,478 people, making it the 105th-largest combined statistical area in the United States, the city was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster on the wild salt marshes of what was to become Lancaster County. In 1867, the village of Lancaster became Nebraskas state capital and was renamed Lincoln, bertram G. Goodhue designed state capitol building was completed in 1932 and is the second tallest capitol in the United States. As the city is the seat of government for the state of Nebraska, the state, the University of Nebraska was founded in Lincoln in 1867. The university is the largest in Nebraska with 25,006 students enrolled and is the citys third-largest employer, other primary employers fall within the service and manufacturing industries, including a growing high-tech sector. The region makes up a part of what is known as the greater Midwest Silicon Prairie, designated as a refugee-friendly city by the U. S. Department of State in the 1970s, the city was the twelfth-largest resettlement site per capita in the United States by 2000. Refugee Vietnamese, Karen, Sudanese, and Yazidi people have resettled in the city. Lincoln Public Schools during the year of 2016–17 provided support for approximately 3,200 students from 118 countries. Prior to the westward of settlers, the prairie was covered with buffalo grass. Plains Indians, descendants of peoples who occupied the area for thousands of years, lived in. The Pawnee, which included four tribes, lived in villages along the Platte River, an occasional buffalo could still be seen in the plat of Lincoln in the 1860s. Lincoln was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster and became the county seat of the newly created Lancaster County in 1859, the village was sited on the east bank of Salt Creek. The first settlers were attracted to the due to the abundance of salt. Once J. Sterling Morton developed his salt mines in Kansas, Captain W. T. Donovan, a former steamer captain, and his family settled on Salt Creek in 1856. In the fall of 1859, the settlers met to form a county. A caucus was formed and the committee, which included Captain Donovan, after the passage of the 1862 Homestead Act, homesteaders began to inhabit the area. The first plat was dated August 6,1864, by the close of 1868, Lancaster had a population of approximately 500 people
5.
Donald Trump
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Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States. Prior to entering politics he was a businessman and television personality, Trump was born and raised in Queens, New York City, and earned an economics degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He then took charge of The Trump Organization, the estate and construction firm founded by his paternal grandmother, which he ran for four. During his real career, Trump has built, renovated, and managed numerous office towers, hotels, casinos. Besides real estate, he started several ventures and has lent the use of his name for the branding of various products. He owned the Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he hosted The Apprentice, as of 2017, Forbes listed him as the 544th wealthiest person in the world with a net worth of $3.5 billion. Trump first publicly expressed interest in running for office in 1987. He won two Reform Party presidential primaries in 2000, but withdrew his candidacy early on, in June 2015, he launched his campaign for the 2016 presidential election and quickly emerged as the front-runner among 17 candidates in the Republican primaries. His final opponents suspended their campaigns in May 2016, and in July he was nominated at the Republican National Convention along with Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate. His campaign received unprecedented media coverage and international attention, many of the statements he made at rallies, in interviews, or on social media were controversial or false. Trump won the election on November 8,2016, in a surprise victory against Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton. His political positions have been described by scholars and commentators as populist, protectionist, Trump was born on June 14,1946 at the Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Queens, New York City. He was the fourth of five born to Frederick Christ Fred Trump. His siblings are Maryanne, Fred Jr. Elizabeth, and Robert, Trumps ancestors originated from the village of Kallstadt, Palatinate, Germany on his fathers side, and from the Outer Hebrides isles of Scotland on his mothers side. All his grandparents, and his mother, were born in Europe and his mothers grandfather was also christened Donald. On a visit to his village, he met Elisabeth Christ. He died from the flu pandemic of 1918 and Elizabeth incorporated the family real estate business, Elizabeth Trump and Son, which would later become The Trump Organization. Trumps father Fred was born in the Bronx, and worked with his mother since he was 15 as a real estate developer, primarily in the New York boroughs of Queens and he eventually built and sold thousands of houses, barracks and apartments
6.
Governor of Nebraska
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The governor of Nebraska holds the supreme executive power of the state of Nebraska as provided by the fourth article of the Nebraska Constitution. The current governor is Pete Ricketts, a Republican, who assumed office on January 8,2015, the current Lieutenant Governor is Mike Foley, who assumed office on January 8,2015. Governors of Nebraska must be at least 30 years old and have been citizens, before 1966, the governor was elected to a two-year term. The lieutenant governor is subject to the limitations and runs on a combined ticket with the governor. Governors are limited to two terms but there is no limit on the total number of terms one may serve. If the governor becomes incapacitated or is out of the state, the Lieutenant Governor acts as Governor, if there is a vacancy or permanent incapacitation, however, if both offices become vacant, the next person in the line of succession is the Speaker of the Nebraska Legislature. List of Governors of Nebraska List of Governors of Nebraska Territory Office of the Governor of Nebraska
7.
Pete Ricketts
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For the senior British diplomat, see Peter Ricketts. John Peter Pete Ricketts is the 40th and current Governor of the U. S. state of Nebraska, and he was the Republican nominee for the 2006 U. S. Senate race in Nebraska, which he lost to incumbent Ben Nelson. He ran for governor of Nebraska in the 2014 election, this time defeating the Democratic Partys nominee and he was inaugurated as governor on January 8,2015. Ricketts was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska, and now lives in Omaha and he attended the University of Chicago for both his bachelor and graduate studies, and received an MBA in marketing and finance from the universitys Graduate School of Business. Ricketts and his wife Susanne have three children, Ricketts is the son of Marlene and Joe Ricketts, founder of Ameritrade. Ricketts currently sits on the Boards of the Chicago Cubs and Bellevue University in Bellevue, in 2007, he founded and became the Chairman of the Board of the Platte Institute for Economic Research. Ricketts resigned from the Platte Institute in order to run for Governor and he is also a former member of the Board of Trustees of the American Enterprise Institute. Ricketts siblings are Todd Ricketts, Laura Ricketts, and Thomas S. Ricketts, Ricketts was the 2006 Republican nominee for the U. S. Senate seat held and retained by Democrat Ben Nelson. His opponents in the primary were former Nebraska Attorney General Don Stenberg, Ricketts spent nearly $5 million of his own money out-of-pocket, outspending his opponents 10–1 in winning the nomination. Ricketts received some high-profile campaign assistance, most notably from President George W. Bush, Bush appeared at a campaign rally for Ricketts on November 5,2006, just days before the election, in Grand Island, Nebraska. In all, he contributed $11,302,078 of his own money to his campaign and he spent more money than any Senate candidate in Nebraska history, but was defeated by Nelson by a margin of 36%–64%. Ricketts ran for governor of Nebraska in the 2014 gubernatorial election, Ricketts was endorsed by former Alaska governor Sarah Palin and former Nebraska governor Kay Orr. After a crowded primary, Ricketts won his partys nomination on May 13 and he won the primary election with 26.5 percent of the vote, the lowest percentage on record for a Nebraska Republican gubernatorial primary victor. In the November 4,2014, general election, he defeated Democrat Chuck Hassebrook, Ricketts was inaugurated as the 40th governor of Nebraska at the Nebraska State Capitol on January 8,2015. Among the most significant actions taken by the Legislature in its 2015 session were three bills that passed over Rickettss veto, following the override of Rickettss veto of the death-penalty repeal, capital-punishment proponents launched a petition drive to reverse the legislatures action. Their efforts gathered enough signatures to suspend the repeal until a vote could be held. In February 2016, a Lancaster County district judge dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that Rickettss financial support of the effort did not, ipso facto. The plaintiffs appealed the issue to the Nebraska Supreme Court, the referendum was held in the general election of 2016,61. 2% of the population voted in favor of keeping the death penalty
8.
Army National Guard
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The Army National Guard, in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States. They are simultaneously part of two different organizations, the National Guard of the states, territories and the District of Columbia. The Army National Guard is divided into units stationed in each of the 50 states. Members or units of the Army National Guard may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, if mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the Army National Guard of the United States, which is a reserve component of the United States Army. Individuals volunteering for active service may do so subject to the consent of their governors. Governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, the President may also call up members and units of the Army National Guard, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws. The Army National Guard of the United States is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard of the United States. The Director of the Army National Guard is the head of the organization, Militia members were required to equip themselves, take part in regular training, and report to their units when called. This war resulted in hundreds of deaths, hundreds of Native Americans sold into slavery or scattered throughout North America, the militias of the Southern New England colonies fought Native Americans again in King Philips War from 1675 to 1676. This conflict led to the defeat of the Narragansets, further straining relationships between Native Americans and white Europeans, but enabling continued white settlement of New England. In addition, the colonists had little interest in paying the taxes to maintain permanent garrisons of British troops, the militias were also an early experiment in democracy, with company grade officers often elected by their men, and the higher officers appointed by colonial governors or legislatures. The colonies did not exert centralized control over the militias or coordinate their efforts, Training typically took place during musters each summer, with militia members reporting for inspection and undergoing several days of training in drill and ceremony. Militia members served throughout the Revolution, often near their homes, Militia units served in combat, as well as carrying out guard duty for prisoners, garrisoning of forts, and local patrols. On some occasions, militia members performed ineffectively, as at the Battle of Camden in North Carolina, on other occasions they performed capably, including the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Bennington, Battles of Saratoga, and Battle of Cowpens. Perhaps the most important role played by the militia was off the battlefield, during the period of the Articles of Confederation, the weak federal government reduced the Continental Army to a handful of officers and soldiers. The Articles of Confederation required each state to maintain a militia, such consent was not forthcoming in an era when the population still harbored a distrust of a standing army, so Congress largely left the defense of the new nation to the state militias. During the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Federalist delegates argued for a federal government. Federalists anticipated using the military to defend the country if it were attacked, anti-Federalists advocated limited federal government, and wanted continued state control over the militias
9.
Adjutant general
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An adjutant general is a military chief administrative officer. In Revolutionary France, the adjudant-général was a staff officer. It was a position for lieutenant-colonels and colonels in staff service. Starting in 1795, only colonels could be appointed to the position and it was supplemented by the rank of adjudant-commandant in 1800. In 1803 the position was abolished and adjudants-généraux reverted to the rank of colonel, in Imperial Russia, the General-Adjutant was an assistant who attended the Tsar, a field marshal or a general. Generaladjutant of the RIA In India the Adjutant-General is the administration officer for the Indian Army. In Pakistan, the Adjutant-General and Judge Advocate General is the armys most senior administration, for over 250 years the Adjutant-General to the Forces was one of the most senior officers in the British Army. He was responsible for developing the Armys personnel policies and supporting its people, since 2016 the Adjutant-General has been renamed Commander Home Command with different responsibilities. Formerly a major position, it is now a brigadier general billet. See List of Adjutants General of the U. S. Army, as of January 2015, the post is held by Brigadier General David K. “Mac” MacEwen. The chief administrative officer of a military unit, such as a division, corps. This officer is normally subordinated to the chief of staff. The senior military officer of a states, commonwealths, or territorys military forces, including the National Guard, the naval militia, and any state defense forces. This officer is known as the AG or the TAG and reports to the chief executive when the National Guard is not in a federalized status under Title 10 USC
10.
Major general (United States)
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In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8. Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general, a major general typically commands division-sized units of 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers. Major general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy. The United States Code explicitly limits the number of general officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active duty general officers is capped at 231 for the Army,61 for the Marine Corps, some of these slots are reserved or finitely set by statute. This promotion board then generates a list of officers it recommends for promotion to general rank and this list is then sent to the service secretary and the Joint Chiefs of Staff for review before it can be sent to the President, through the Secretary of Defense for consideration. The President nominates officers to be promoted from this list with the advice of the Secretary of Defense, the secretary, and if applicable. The President may nominate any eligible officer who is not on the recommended list if it serves in the interest of the nation, the Senate must then confirm the nominee by a majority vote before the officer can be promoted. Once confirmed, the nominee is promoted to rank on assuming a position of office that requires an officer to hold the rank. For positions of office that are reserved by statute, the President nominates an officer for appointment to fill that position, since the grade of major general is permanent, the rank does not expire when the officer vacates a two-star position. Tour length varies depending on the position, by statute, and/or when the officer receives a new assignment or a promotion, in the case of the Air National Guard, they may also serve as The Adjutant General for their state, commonwealth or territory. Other than voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement of general officers, all major generals must retire after five years in grade or 35 years of service, whichever is later, unless appointed for promotion or reappointed to grade to serve longer. Otherwise, all officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday. However, the Secretary of Defense may defer a general officers retirement until the officers 66th birthday, because there are a finite number of General Officer positions, one officer must retire before another can be promoted. As a result, general officers typically retire well in advance of the age and service limits. The rank of general was abolished in the U. S. Army by the Act of March 16,1802. Major general has been a rank in the U. S. Army ever since, to address this anomaly, Washington was posthumously promoted by Congress to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States in 1976. The position of Major General Commanding the Army was entitled to three stars according to General Order No.6 of March 13,1861
11.
67th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade
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The 67th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade is a battlefield surveillance brigade of the Nebraska Army National Guard. It derives its lineage from the 67th Infantry Brigade, previously a component of the 35th Infantry Division. As the 67th Infantry Brigade, the brigade was formed in August 1917 in the Iowa and Nebraska Army National Guards. It comprised the 133rd Infantry Regiment and the 134th Infantry Regiment and it was disbanded in February 1919, but formed again in 1921, still as part of the 34th Division. From 1921 to 1942 it was part of the Iowa Army National Guard seemingly comprising only the 168th Infantry Regiment, from 1964 to 1985 it was the 67th Infantry Brigade. The brigade was organized under the Selected Reserve Force program in the 1960s, the Brigade consisted of 1st Bn/134th Infantry, 2nd Bn/134th Infantry, 1st Battalion, 195th Armor, Troop E/167th Cavalry and Co. D/567th Engineers. This brigade was assigned as a round out brigade to the 4th Infantry Division, in the event of conflict the 67th Brigade would have come under the command of the 4th Infantry Division as one of its organic brigades. The 67th trained annually with the 4th Infantry Div. at Ft. Carson, the brigade was then assigned to the 35th ID, from 1985 to 2002. As of mid-2001, the process which had started in central Nebraska was four years along, and it was announced in 2015 that 67th BFSB would transition to a Maneuver Enhancement Brigade. In 2003 it was converted to the 67th Area Support Group, on 7 September 2008, it appears to have been redesignated the 67th BfSB. Allen August 25,1917 – March 18,1918 Lieutenant Colonel Albert H. Hollingsworth Brigadier General Hubert A. Allen March 22,1918 – November 14,1918 Brigadier General William F. Col, rich Gray - Transformation of the United States Army ak-prepared. com
12.
Judd H. Lyons
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Judd Henry Lyons is a United States Army officer who since 2015 has served as Military Deputy to the Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan at the United States Department of State. Lyons was born in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 29,1962, in 1980 he graduated from the Missouri Military Academy in Mexico, Missouri and enlisted in the Nebraska Army National Guard. Lyons received a Bachelor of Professional Studies degree in Human Resources Management from Bellevue University in 1994, in 2005 Lyons graduated from the United States Army War College with a Master of Strategic Studies degree. He is also a graduate of the George C. Marshall Center Senior Executive Seminar, Lyons is a Level IV Joint Qualified General Officer. Lyons received his commission as a Second Lieutenant of Infantry after completing Officer Candidate School at the Nebraska Military Academy in 1983, Lyons is a veteran of the War in Afghanistan. From November 2006 through June 2007 he served as Commander of the 209th Regional Security Assistance Command, in 2009 Governor Dave Heineman selected Lyons to serve as Adjutant General, succeeding Timothy J. Kadavy, who had been selected to serve as Deputy Director of the Army National Guard. In May,2013, Lyons was selected for the position of Deputy Director of the Army National Guard, Lyons was scheduled to assume the Deputy Directors position on July 13,2013, and Brigadier General Walter E. Fountain acted as Deputy Director in the interim. Governor Heineman announced in July,2013 that he had chosen Brigadier General Daryl L. Bohac, Nebraskas Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Bohac took over as Adjutant General on July 15, and Lyons began his new duties as Deputy Director on July 13,2013. In January,2014, Lieutenant General William E. Ingram, Lyons was appointed Acting Director, pending the selection of a permanent successor. Kadavy was nominated as Director of the Army National Guard in March 2015 and he assumed his new duties on March 27, and Lyons resumed his duties as Deputy Director. Lyons received the Distinguished Service Medal for his service as Deputy Director, in June 2015 Lyons was assigned to the Joint Staff and detailed to the State Department with assignment as the Military Deputy to the Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan. In this post he provides guidance, advice, and leadership on U. S. security policy and his wife, Amy, is a colonel in the Army National Guard, she has served in Macedonia and is a veteran of the Iraq War. Judd and Amy Lyons are the parents of three children, Alex Baldwin, Ben and Sam, Alex is a captain in the Wisconsin Army National Guard, and served in Iraq. Ben is a member of the Nebraska Army National Guard. Sam is a member of the Utah Air National Guard. Lyons at National Guard Bureau, General Officer Management Office
13.
Timothy J. Kadavy
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Timothy J. Kadavy is a United States Army lieutenant general who serves as Director of the Army National Guard. He previously served as Special Assistant to the Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau, Timothy James Kadavy was born in Lincoln, Nebraska on November 25,1963, the son of Leo I. He graduated from Omahas Millard South High School in 1982 and enlisted in the Nebraska Army National Guard and he received his commission as a Second Lieutenant of Armor from the Reserve Officers Training Corps program at the University of Nebraska in 1987. Kadavy began his career as a Platoon Leader in the Nebraska Army National Guard’s Troop A, 1st Squadron. From May 1994 to August 2001, Kadavy carried out assignments at Fifth United States Army, United States Army Forces Command. From September 2001 through September 2003, he was Commander of 1st Squadron, 167th Cavalry, from September 2003 to June 2004, Kadavy was a student in the United States Army War College’s Fellowship Program at the Drug Enforcement Administration. From July 2004 to March 2006, he served as Chief of Plans, Readiness, Kadavy served in Iraq from April to September 2006, as Chief of the Reserve Component Division for Multi-National Corps – Iraq. From September 2006 to October 2007, Kadavy was assigned as Operations, in November 2007, Kadavy was selected for appointment as The Adjutant General of the Nebraska National Guard, succeeding Roger P. Lempke, and received a state promotion to brigadier general. He was federally recognized as a general in January 2009. Kadavy was named Deputy Director of the Army National Guard in August 2009 and he was promoted to major general in December 2010. In January 2013, Kadavy was announced as the next Commander of Combined Joint Inter Agency Task Force-Afghanistan and he was replaced on an interim basis by Brigadier General Walter E. Fountain, and began his new duties in April 2013. In May 2013, Major General Judd H. Lyons, Kadavy’s successor as Adjutant General of the Nebraska National Guard in 2009, was announced as the next Deputy Director of the Army National Guard and he assumed those duties in July 2013. In March 2014, Kadavy returned from Afghanistan and began an assignment as Special Assistant to the Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 27, and promoted in a ceremony on April 14. C. 2008 Joint and Combined Warfighting School, National Defense University, Norfolk, Virginia 2010 CAPSTONE, Fort Lesley J. McNair, National Defense University, Washington, Kadavy at National Guard Bureau General Officer Management Office Timothy J. Kadavy at International Security Assistance Force -- Afghanistan
14.
Roger P. Lempke
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Major General Roger P. Lempke is a retired United States Air Force officer and was the adjutant general of the Nebraska National Guard. The Nebraska Adjutant General commands the military forces and also directs the Nebraska Emergency Management Agency. The Army National Guard in Nebraska consists of over 4,000 soldiers in 74 troop units in 28 communities throughout the state, the Nebraska Air National Guard, which is based in Lincoln, flies the KC-135R aircraft, and has unit strength of approximately 940 airmen. Approximately 30 NEMA personnel coordinate state and federal emergency planning and disaster recovery and assist local governments with training, Lempke retired effective September 2007, and was succeeded by Timothy J. Kadavy. Selected to attend the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1975 he graduated with honors in 1976 with a Master of Science degree in Logistics Management, General Lempke served in the B-1 and B-52 Offensive Avionics System Program Offices until separating from the Air Force in 1979. After a short stint in the Air Force Reserve at Offutt AFB he joined the Nebraska Air National Guard as a guardsman in 1984. After attending Maintenance Officer School in 1987 he served in various maintenance officer positions and this included leading a maintenance team that won the Reconnaissance Air Meet Maintenance Trophy in 1988. He became the Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron commander in 1991, in 1996 he was nominated for the rank of Colonel and assigned to lead the 155th Logistics Group. Since retiring from service, General Lempke became the director of military affairs for United States Senator Mike Johanns of Nebraska through December 2013. In January 2014 General Lempke has become the director of military affair for United States Senator Deb Fischer of Nebraska, following the announced retirement of Senator Mike Johanns of Nebraska. Air National Guard officers are limited to federal recognition no higher than major general unless assigned to the 3-star positions of director, Air National Guard, deputy commander, U. S. Northern Command, vice chief, National Guard Bureau, or en route to the 4-star position as chief, National Guard Bureau
15.
63rd Aviation Brigade (United States)
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The 63rd Theater Aviation Brigade is an aviation brigade of the United States Army. Headquartered in Frankfort, Kentucky as an element of the Kentucky Army National Guard, elements of the 63rd Theater Aviation Brigade are also part of the New York Army National Guard. The current Shoulder Sleeve Insignia and Distinctive Unit Insignia were both approved in 2007, the unit has also provided support to United States Southern Command missions. Elements of the Brigade have also deployed to Southwest Asia in support of the Global War on Terrorism, the Institute of Heraldry, 63rd Aviation Brigade Kentucky National Guard eMuseum Globalsecurity. org 63rd Aviation Group DoDLive 63rd Aviation Brigade Army
16.
39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)
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The 39th IBCT was one of fifteen National Guard brigades designated as an enhanced separate brigade. Brigades with this designation received higher levels of training, more advanced equipment, in 2005, it was converted to the standard modular IBCT design as part of Army transformation. The 39th IBCT is the largest National Guard command in Arkansas and it is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas. It was placed in service on 12 October 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom II. The 39th was attached to the 1st Cavalry Division and served in and around Baghdad for a year, the 39th led the effort to evacuate an estimated 16,000 people from the New Orleans Convention Center. The 39th Brigade completed its deployment to Iraq in December 2008. Unlike the last deployment to Iraq from 2004–2005, the 39th Brigade headquarters did not have command, the main antecedent of todays brigade was the 39th Infantry Division, created in 1917, which consisted of troops from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas. The division shipped to France, August – September 1918 and it was then sent to the St. Florent area, southwest of Bourges, where it was designated as a replacement division and several of the units were transferred to combat divisions. The division demobilized the following month at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana, the unit was demobilized after the war. In the years between the World Wars, the headquarters was deactivated, but its Arkansas elements continued as part of the Arkansas National Guard. These former 39th Division elements were activated independently for WWII, for a history of their participation, see the article on the 153rd Infantry Regiment and the 206th Coast Artillery. The 39th Infantry Division was reconstituted on 30 September 1946 and it was composed of units from Arkansas and Louisiana, with its headquarters stationed at New Orleans, Louisiana and the Arkansas portion headquartered in Little Rock Arkansas. During this period the division included the 153rd Infantry Regiment, the 156th Infantry Regiment, in 1967 the division was redesignated as the 39th Infantry Brigade and in 1973 was paired with the US 101st Airborne Division as a training partner and became an air-assault brigade. The following Regiments were represented in the 39th Infantry Brigade, 153rd Infantry Regiment, 151st Cavalry Regiment, in 1994 the 39th was again reorganized and gained its designation as an enhanced brigade. In 1999, the 39th became part of the 7th Infantry Division under the Army Integrated Division concept which paired National Guard and Reserve brigades with active duty headquarters and support units. In 2006, the 7th Infantry Division was deactivated and the 39th IBCT was placed under the command, on 2 November 1967 in accordance with National Guard Bureau Memo NG-AROTO 1002-01, the 39th Infantry Division was reorganized and redesignated as the 39th Infantry Brigade. This change resulted in a massive restationing within the state as follows, 39th Brigade units conducted numerous overseas training rotations throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. 1981, Company A, 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry conducted annual training in Great Britain with the Royal Welsh Fusiliers as part of the Volunteer Warrior/Hard Charger Exercise,1986, Company B, 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry conducted annual training in Honduras
17.
134th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
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The 134th Cavalry Regiment is a cavalry regiment in the Army National Guard. Organized in 1855 from independent militia companies of the Nebraska Territory as the 1st and 2nd Regiments, Nebraska Militia, reorganized in part at Omaha, Nebraska Territory as 1st Regiment Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, Col. John M. Thayer, and mustered into Federal service 11 June 1861. Redesignated 1st Nebraska Cavalry 5 November 1863, consolidated with 1st Battalion Nebraska Veteran Cavalry. and redesignated 1st Nebraska Cavalry Veteran Volunteers 18 July 1865. Mustered out of Federal service 1 July 1866 at Omaha, reorganized as independent companies until 1875. Consolidated and redesignated the 1st Regiment Nebraska National Guard,13 July 1881, Mustered out of Federal service 23 August 1899 at San Francisco. Reorganized in Nebraska 11 June 1900 as 1st Infantry Regiment, consolidated with the 2nd Infantry Regiment and reorganized as the 4th and 5th Infantry Regiments 1 April 1913. 4th and 5th Infantry Regiments mustered into Federal service 3 July 1916 for Mexican Border Mustered out of Federal service 21 February 1917, Mustered into Federal service 15 July 1917. Reorganized and redesignated as the 134th Infantry Regiment 1 October 1917, part of the 67th Brigade, inactivated 21 November 1945 at Camp Breckinridge, Ky. Attached below a Gold scroll inscribed LAH WE LAH HIS in Blue letters, symbolism The shield is Argent and Azure, the colors of the Infantry and the original designation of the unit. The Katipunan sun represents the Philippine Insurrection, and the tree the Spanish–American War service. The olla is made gold to comply with rules. The snake symbolizes the Mexican Border service, background The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 134th Infantry Regiment on 1 December 1932. It was redesignated for the 134th Cavalry Regiment with the description, crest- That for the regiments and separate battalions of the Nebraska Army National Guard, From a wreath Argent and Azure an ear of corn in full ear partially husked Proper. Symbolism Shield- The shield is Argent and Azure, the colors of the Infantry, the Katipunan sun represents the Philippine Insurrection, and the palm tree the Spanish–American War service. The olla is made gold to comply with rules. The snake symbolizes the Mexican Border service, crest- The crest is that of the Nebraska Army National Guard. Background- The coat of arms was approved for the 134th Infantry Regiment on 11 July 1938. It was redesignated for the 134th Cavalry Regiment with the symbolism of the shield updated on 22 August 2006, DUC embroidered BASTOGNE French Croix de Guerre with Palm embroidered ST. S
18.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
19.
35th Infantry Division (United States)
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The 35th Infantry Division is an infantry unit in the Army National Guard, and is currently commanded by Major General Victor Braden. The division was reactivated and, the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, federally recognized on 25 August 1984 at Fort Leavenworth, the 35th Division was organized 25 August 1917 at Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma as a unit of the National Guard with troops from Missouri and Kansas. The divisions shoulder patch, a white Santa Fe cross on a disc with a green border, was originally approved for the 35th Division on 29 October 1918. Gen. Nathaniel F. McClure, Maj. Gen. Peter E. Traub, dugan, Maj. Gen. Peter E. Traub, Brg. Dugan Returned to U. S. and inactivated, April 1919, on 11 May 1918, the 35th Division arrived at Le Havre, France and served first, a brigade at a time, in the Vosges between 30 June and 13 August. The whole division served in the Gerardmer sector, Alsace,14 August to 1 September, Meuse-Argonne,21 to 30 September, Sommedieu sector,15 October, the 35th Division had, as an officer, Captain Harry Truman, 33rd President of the United States. Commanders, Maj. Gen. Ralph E. Truman, Maj. Gen. William H. Simpson, Maj. Gen. Maxwell Murray, the 35th Infantry Division arrived in England on 25 May 1944 and received further training. It landed on Omaha Beach, Normandy July 5–7,1944 and entered combat on 11 July, fighting in the Normandy hedgerows, the division beat off twelve German counterattacks at Emelie before entering St. Lo on 18 July. After mopping up in the St. Lo area, it took part in the offensive action southwest of St. Lo, pushing the Germans across the Vire on 2 August, and breaking out of the Cotentin Peninsula. While en route to an area, the division was flagged off the road, to secure the Mortain-Avranches corridor. After crossing the Blies River on 12 December, the moved to Metz for rest. On 18 January 1945, the returned to Metz to resume its interrupted rest. In late January, the division was defending the Foret de Domaniale area and it smashed across the Herne Canal and reached the Ruhr River early in April, when it was ordered to move to the Elbe April 12. The division left Southampton, England, on 5 September,8 July 1944, Third Army, but attached to the XIX Corps of First Army. 1 August 1944, Third Army, Twelfth United States Army Group,5 August 1944, Third Army, 12th Army Group. 9 August 1944, Third Army, 12th Army Group,13 August 1944, XII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group. 23 December 1944, Third Army, 12th Army Group,23 January 1945, XV Corps, Sixth United States Army Group. 30 January 1945, XVI Corps, Ninth Army, attached to the British 21st Army Group,4 April 1945, XVI Corps, Ninth Army, 12th Army Group
20.
168th Field Artillery Regiment
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The 168th Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery Branch regiment of the Army National Guard. Reorganized and redesignated 1 July 1926 as the 168th Field Artillery Battalion, redesignated 1 August 1933 as the 1st battalion, 168th Field Artillery. Inducted into federal Service 24 February 1941 at Denver, reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1943 as the 168th field Artillery Battalion. During World War II the battalion was part of the 75th Field Artillery Brigade, the current units lineage is as follows, 3rd Battalion, 134th Infantry, an element of the 34th Infantry Division, was organized and federally recognized 4 December 1946. Its headquarters was created at North Platte, Nebraska and it was converted and redesigned 1 March 1959 as the 168th Regimental Artillery, consisting of the 1st and 2nd Howitzer Battalions, elements of the 34th Infantry Division. Reorganized 1 April 1963 to consist of the 1st Howitzer Battalion non-divisional, and 2nd Howitzer Battalion, reorganized 1 March 1964 to consist of the 1st Howitzer Battalion non-divisional, and 2nd Howitzer Battalion, and element of the 67th Infantry Brigade. Reorganized 1 May 1968 to consist of the 1st Battalion, an element of the 67th Infantry Brigade, reorganized 1 October 1985 to consist of the 1st Battalion, 168th Field Artillery, an element of the 35th Division Artillery, direct support to the 67th Infantry Brigade. Lo Battery B, Normandy Northern France Rhineland Ardennes-Alsace Central Europe Entitled to, Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer Bastone, Presidential Unit Citation, french Croix de Guerre with Palm, St. Lo. The coat of arms was approved for the 168th Field Artillery Battalion on 13 November 1928. It was amended to correct the blazon of the shield on 19 January 1929 and it was redesignated for the 168th Field Artillery Regiment on 9 January 1943. The insignia was redesignated for the 168th Field Artillery Battalion on 18 August 1943 and it was rescinded/cancelled on 1 September 1961. The insignia was reinstated and redesignated for the 168th Regiment on 24 April 1997 and it was amended to correct the blazon of the shield on 17 November 1997. World War I Champagne-Marne Aisne-Marne St. CMH Field Artillery lineages http, //co. ng. mil/arng/units/rti/default. aspx
21.
34th Infantry Division (United States)
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The 34th Infantry Division is an infantry division of the United States Army, part of the National Guard, that participated in World War I, World War II and multiple current conflicts. It was the first American division deployed to Europe in World War II, the division was deactivated in 1945, and the 47th Viking Infantry Division later created in the divisions former area. In 1991 the 47th Division was redesignated the 34th, since 2001 division soldiers have served on homeland security duties in the continental United States, in Afghanistan, and in Iraq. The 34th has also deployed to support peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia. The division continues to today, with most of the division part of the Minnesota. In 2011, it was staffed by roughly 6,500 soldiers from the Minnesota National Guard,2,900 from the Iowa National Guard, about 300 from the Nebraska National Guard, and about 100 from other states. The division was established as the 34th of the National Guard in August 1917, consisting of units from North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, and Minnesota. The division initially included the 67th Infantry Brigade, formed in August 1917 in the Iowa and Nebraska National Guards, the 67th Brigade comprised the 133rd Infantry Regiment and the 134th Infantry Regiment. The 68th Brigade comprised the 135th Infantry Regiment and the 136th Infantry Regiment, the division takes its name from the shoulder sleeve insignia designed for a 1917 training camp contest by American regionalist artist Marvin Cone, who was then a soldier enlisted in the unit. Cones design evoked the desert training grounds of Camp Cody, New Mexico, in World War I, the unit was called the Sandstorm Division. German troops in World War II, however, called the U. S. divisions soldiers Red Devils and Red Bulls, brig. Gen. Frank G. Mauldin took command. The 34th Division arrived in France in October 1918 but it was too late for the division to be sent to the front, as the end of hostilities was near, an armistice being signed the following month. Brig. Gen. John A. Johnston took command 26 October 1918, the 34th returned to the U. S. and was inactivated in December 1918. The 67th Infantry Brigade was disbanded in February 1919, but formed again in 1921, on 17 January 1921, the 109th Observation Squadron was federally recognized as the first aviation unit in the Minnesota National Guard. The squadron was assigned as an observation unit for the 34th Division, at that time recruiting from Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota. The 34th was reorganized as the 1st Infantry Regiment, Minnesota National Guard on 31 January 1920, on 16 May 1934, the truck drivers union initiated a strike, which quickly degenerated into open violence in the streets of Minneapolis. Minnesota Governor Floyd B. Olson activated the National Guard, and 4,000 Guardsmen to suppress the chaos, utilizing roving patrols, curfews, and security details, the 34th quickly restored order, thus enabling negotiated settlement of the labor dispute. On 18 June 1939, a tornado hit Anoka, Minnesota,300 Guardsmen patrolled the streets and imposed a quasi-martial law while the community was stabilized
22.
Kearney, Nebraska
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Kearney /ˈkɑːrni/ is a city in and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 30,787 at the 2010 census and it is home to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The westward push of the railroad as the Civil War ended gave birth to the community, Kearney is located at 40°42′3″N 99°4′52″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 13.00 square miles. Kearney is the city of the Kearney, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the census of 2010, there were 30,787 people,12,201 households, the population density was 2,410.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 12,738 housing units at a density of 997.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 3% White,1. 0% African American,0. 3% Native American,1. 8% Asian,3. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 3% of the population. 30. 4% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age in the city was 29 years. 22. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,20. 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 6% were from 25 to 44,20. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 9% male and 51. 1% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 29,952 people,10,549 households, and 6,160 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,498.5 people per square mile, there were 11,099 housing units at an average density of 1,010.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 18% White,0. 63% African American,0. 38% Native American,0. 92% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,1. 68% from other races, and 1. 17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 08% of the population,28. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the family size was 2.96. In the city, the population was out with 22. 2% under the age of 18,23. 9% from 18 to 24,26. 2% from 25 to 44,17. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 27 years, for every 100 females there were 92.6 males
23.
U.S. Army Regimental System
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USARS was developed to include the Active Army and the Reserve Components. USARS Provides different opportunities for Soldiers, depending upon which combat arms regiment they choose to be affiliated with or whether they affiliate with a CS or CSS corps or special branch. Combat arms is a doctrinal term, though colloquially it includes air defense artillery, armor, aviation, field artillery, infantry. It should be noted that soldiers will have opportunities to serve recurring assignments in their regiments if regiments are chosen that have battalions in both CONUS and OCONUS locations. Quoting from Chapter 3–2, page 7 of Army Regulation 600-82, U. S. Army Regimental System, USARS regiments offered to Active Army and USAR soldiers for affiliation are listed. All active Army soldiers are required to affiliate with a regiment, although affiliation is mandatory, the choice of regiment is left up to the individual. Officers who are single-tracked in a Functional Area will affiliate with a regiment associated with their basic combat arms branch, Functional Area officers who have no basic branch will submit request for regimental affiliation using procedures outlined below. Regimental affiliation is based on the Army branch associated with a soldier’s PMOS or specialty, AR 670–1 contains a listing of all PMOS and corresponding branches for each. Army recruiters who have assigned the SQI“4” will affiliate with a regiment associated with their PMOS. Recruiters or retention noncommissioned officers will be affiliated with The Adjutant General Corps, Regimental affiliation may be changed at any time, however, the regimental selection must be associated with the soldier’s PMOS or specialty. All combat arms officers and soldiers will affiliate with a regiment upon arrival at their first unit of assignment and these Soldiers will be affiliated with their regiment of assignment unless they voluntarily select another. Combat arms officers and soldiers whose initial Army assignment is not to a unit may defer selection until they are so assigned. Enlisted soldiers may elect the Regiment of Choice Reenlistment Option under AR 601–280, Soldiers who deliberately terminate airborne status after affiliating with an airborne regiment will change their affiliation to a non-airborne regiment at the time of their termination. Regimental affiliation will be a primary assignment consideration for officers and enlisted soldiers, to the maximum extent possible, soldiers who are regimentally affiliated will be assigned to their regimental units. Specific procedures for affiliation are below and these procedures permit affiliation and change of affiliation to be administered at the local Personnel Service Center level. Active Army soldiers who are accessioned into the USAR will retain their regimental affiliation unless they elect to change their affiliation, note, The U. S. Army is currently going through a major reorganization, units are being Re-Flagged or Re-designated as needed. There are currently 177 Regiments, only 47 consist of units at multiple locations,27 of which meet the Conus/Oconus goal, the majority of Regiments have only one Company or Battalion in existence. S. It is the responsibility of all proponents to incorporate within their corps, Army Regimental System,5 June 1990
24.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
25.
United States Army Center of Military History
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The United States Army Center of Military History is a directorate within the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army. The center is responsible for the use of history and military records throughout the United States Army. Traditionally, this mission has meant recording the history of the army in both peace and war, while advising the army staff on historical matters. CMH is the organization leading the Army Historical Program. The center traces its lineage back to historians under the Secretary of War who compiled the Official Records of the Rebellion, a similar work on World War I was prepared by the Historical Section of the Army War College. They began publication of the United States Army in World War II series, since then, the Center has produced detailed series on the Armys role in the Korean and Vietnam Wars and has begun a series on the U. S. Army in the Cold War. These works are supplemented by monographs and other publications on a mix of topics and it has expanded its role in the areas of military history education, the management of the armys museum system, and the introduction of automated data-retrieval systems. The centers work with army schools ensures that the study of history is a part of the training of officers, much of this educational work is performed at field historical offices and in army museums. Under the direction of the chief of military history and his principal adviser and those works under way and projected are described in the Army Historical Program, an annual report to the Chief of Staff on the Army’s historical activities. All center publications are listed in the catalog Publications of the United States Army Center of Military History, CMH also serves as a clearinghouse for the oral history programs in the army at all levels of command. It also conducts and preserves its own oral history collections, including those from the Vietnam War, Desert Storm, in addition, the center’s end-of-tour interviews within the Army Secretariat and Staff provide a basis for its annual histories of the Department of the Army. As tangible representations of the mission, military artifacts and art enhance the soldier’s understanding of the profession of arms. CMH manages a system of more than 120 army museums and their holdings, current projects include the establishment of a National Army Museum at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and a complementary Army Heritage and Educational Center at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. The Chief of Military History is responsible for ensuring the use of military history in the teaching of strategy, tactics, logistics. This mission includes a requirement that military leaders at all levels be aware of the value of history in advancing military professionalism, in this effort, the chief of military history is assisted by a historical advisory committee that includes leading academic historians and representatives of the army school system. Staff rides enable military leaders to retrace the course of a battle on the ground, as one of the army’s major teaching devices, staff rides are particularly dependent on a careful knowledge of military history. Center historians lead rides directed by the Secretary of the Army and it administers the army’s Command History Program, to provide historical support to army organizations worldwide. To stimulate interest in history in the army and the nation
26.
National Guard of the United States
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All members of the National Guard of the United States are also members of the militia of the United States as defined by 10 U. S. C. National Guard units are under the control of the state. The majority of National Guard soldiers and airmen hold a civilian job full-time while serving part-time as a National Guard member, local militias were formed from the earliest English colonization of the Americas in 1607. The first colony-wide militia was formed by Massachusetts in 1636 by merging small older local units, the various colonial militias became state militias when the United States became independent. The title National Guard was used from 1824 by some New York State militia units, National Guard became a standard nationwide militia title in 1903, and specifically indicated reserve forces under mixed state and federal control from 1933. The first muster of militia forces in what is today the United States took place on September 16,1565, appropriately enough, this muster occurred in the shadow of an oncoming hurricane. This Spanish militia tradition and the English tradition that would be established to the north would provide the nucleus for Colonial defense in the New World. The militia tradition continued with the first permanent English settlements in the New World, Jamestown Colony and Plymouth Colony both had militia forces, which initially consisted of every able bodied adult male. By the mid-1600s every town had at least one militia company, as a result of the Spanish–American War, Congress was called upon to reform and regulate the training and qualification of state militias. The first national laws regulating the militia were the Militia acts of 1792, in 1903, with passage of the Dick Act, the predecessor to the modern-day National Guard was formed. It required the states to divide their militias into two sections, the law recommended the title National Guard for the first section, known as the organized militia, and Reserve Militia for all others. During World War I, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1916, Congress also authorized the states to maintain Home Guards, which were reserve forces outside the National Guards being deployed by the Federal Government. The National Guard of the states, territories, and the District of Columbia serves as part of the first-line of defense for the United States. C. Where the National Guard operates under the President of the United States or his designee, the governors exercise control through the state adjutants general. The National Guard may be called up for duty by the governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as hurricanes, floods. The National Guard is administered by the National Guard Bureau, which is a joint activity of the Army, the National Guard Bureau provides a communication channel for state National Guards to the DoD. S. C. The National Guard Bureau is headed by the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, prior to 2008, the functions of Agricultural Development Teams were within Provincial Reconstruction Teams of the US Government. Today, ADTs consist of soldiers and airmen from the Army National Guard, today, ADTs bring an effective platform for enhanced dialogue, building confidence, sharing interests, and increasing cooperation amongst the disparate peoples and tribes of Afghanistan
27.
Air National Guard
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When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, if federalized by order of the President of the United States and they are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the National Guard of the United States. The ANG of the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands have no aircraft assigned, ANG units typically operate under Title 32 USC. However, when operating under Title 10 USC all ANG units are operationally-gained by an active duty USAF major command. ANG units of the Combat Air Forces based in the Continental United States, conversely, CONUS-based ANG units in the Mobility Air Forces, plus the Puerto Rico ANGs airlift wing and the Virgin Islands ANGs civil engineering squadron are gained by the Air Mobility Command. The vast majority of ANG units fall under either ACC or AMC, established under Title 10 and Title 32 of the U. S. S. When not in a status, the Air National Guard operates under their respective state. The exception to rule is the District of Columbia Air National Guard. Because both state Air National Guard and the Air National Guard of the United States relatively go hand-in-hand, Air National Guard of the United States units or members may be called up for federal active duty in times of Congressionally sanctioned war or national emergency. The United States Air National Guard has about 110,000 men and women in service, even traditional part-time air guardsmen, especially pilots, navigators/combat systems officers, air battle managers and enlisted aircrew, often serve 100 or more man-days annually. As such, the concept of Air National Guard service as representing only one weekend a month, the Georgia Air National Guard and the Kansas Air National Guard previously flew the B-1B Lancer prior to converting to the E-8 Joint STARS and KC-135R Stratotanker, respectively. In addition, the 131st Fighter Wing of the Missouri Air National Guard transitioned from flying the F-15C/D Eagle at St and these proposals were eventually overruled and cancelled by the U. S. Congress. As state militia units, the units in the Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command and they are under the jurisdiction of the United States National Guard Bureau unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. Air National Guard units are trained and equipped by the United States Air Force, the state ANG units, depending on their mission, are operationally gained by a major command of the USAF if federalized. Air National Guard personnel are expected to adhere to the moral and physical standards as their full-time active duty Air Force. The same ranks and insignia of the U. S. Air Force are used by the Air National Guard, the Air National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in a service members home state or equivalent. The creation of the regiments was caused by the perceived need to defend the Bay Colony against American Indians. This organization formed the basis of subsequent colonial and, post-independence, state and this distinction accounts for why there are no National Guard components in the U. S. Navy, U. S. Marine Corps or U. S. Coast Guard
28.
Alabama National Guard
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The Alabama National Guard is the National Guard of the U. S State of Alabama, and consists of the Alabama Army National Guard and the Alabama Air National Guard. The National Guard is charged with federal and state missions. The state functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service by the President under either Title 10 or Title 32 status. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alabama National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The same respective ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, all Alabama National Guard soldiers are also eligible for a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the State of Alabama. The Alabama National Guard has a State Partnership Program relationship with Romania, Alabama State Defense Force Militia Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division—approx. 300 Alabama ARNG soldiers deployed to Iraq with the CAB in September 2006, transformation of the Army National Guard Coats of arms of U. S. Armor and Cavalry Regiments Coats of arms of U. S, Artillery Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Infantry Regiments Coats of arms of U. S. Air Defense Artillery Regiments Alabama National Guard, accessed 20 Nov 2006 GlobalSecurity
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Alabama Army National Guard
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The Alabama Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Alabama Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Alabama Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alabama. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, new forces formation plans of the US Army were announced in early 2007 modifying the recent United States National Guard active duty callup pace. The new plan will nominally anticipate that each National Guard unit will serve one year of duty for every five years of service. Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates imposed a limit to the length of for National Guard Soldiers. Callups by Alabama authorities for state emergencies are not included in this policy, the Alabama Army National Guard was originally formed in 1807. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. Both armies were made up of volunteer militia with regiments of both sides wearing blue and gray uniforms. The brunt of the Union attack fell on the Confederate left flank, Confederate Brig. Gen. Bernard Bee, having recently resigned from the U. S. Army and still wearing his blue uniform, realized that the armys left flank was seriously exposed. Gen. Bee ordered the Fourth Alabama Regiment to advance rapidly in order to plug the gap in the Confederate line, for over an hour, the Fourth Alabama held position and repulsed several Union regiments. The gallant stand of the Fourth Alabama stalled the Union advance, the regiment played a prominent part in the fighting all day and contributed to the Confederate victory. The Battle of First Manassas proved to both sides that the Civil War would be a bitterly contested struggle, the Fourth Alabama went on to fight in every major battle in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War and never surrendered its colors. The heritage and traditions of the Fourth Alabama are carried on by the 1st Battalion, 167th Infantry, the 31st Infantry Division had elements in Alabama for many years, though divisional HQ was in Jackson, MS. Following the inactivation, the Alabama Army National Guard was allotted the 31st Brigade, 30th Volunteer Armored Division, in 1973 or 1974 the 30th Armored Division was inactivated and Alabama was assigned a new major headquarters, the 31st Armored Brigade, with its headquarters at Northport. In 2002, the 31st Armored Brigade was inactivated, merging into the 149th Armored Brigade headquartered in Kentucky, Alabama was again assigned a new major headquarters, the 122nd Chemical Brigade, later redesignated as the 31st Chemical Brigade. 300 Alabama ARNG soldiers deployed to Iraq with the Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division, the previously active 142d Signal Brigade was inactivated in August 2008. On 13 February 2009, the comedian Sacha Baron Cohen tricked guard officers into allowing him to participate in training at the Alabama Military Academy at Fort McClellan, the officers were led to believe that Cohen was a reporter making a German TV documentary
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Alabama Air National Guard
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The Alabama Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Alabama, United States of America. It is, along with the Alabama Army National Guard, an element of the Alabama National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Alabama Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alabama though the office of the Alabama Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States, the Alabama Air National Guard is headquartered in Montgomery, and its commander is Major General Perry Smith. Under the Total Force concept, Alabama Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force, Alabama ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. Its mission is to train and equip combat ready aircrews and support personnel to perform aerial refueling. The Alabama Air National Guard origins date to 27 August 1917 with the establishment of the 106th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force, the 106th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, the squadron was reformed on 21 January 1922 as the 125th Squadron, Alabama National Guard, received federal recognition as a Corps Aviation unit. Maj. James A. Meissner, a World War I ace who had flown with Capt, eddie Rickenbacker, led the effort to form the unit and served as its first commander. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The 106th Observation Squadron was ordered into service on 125 November 1940 as part of the buildup of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Alabama ANG received federal recognition on 25 November 1946 as the 106th Bombardment Squadron at Birmingham MAP. It was equipped with B-26B/C Invaders and was assigned to Tactical Air Command, on 1 October 1947 the 117th Fighter Group allotted by the National Guard Bureau, extended federal recognition and activated at Birmingham, with the 106th Bomb Squadron being assigned to the unit. The 160th Fighter Squadron at Montgomery was authorized by the National Guard Bureau, the 160th was equipped with the F-51D Mustang and its mission was the air defense of the state. On 15 October 1962, the 160th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a level. The 160th TRS becoming the flying squadron. This was obtained from the Air Force and on 12 September 2009, the designation was transferred to the National Guard Bureau by the Air Force and it was allotted to the Alabama ANG
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Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs
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The Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs manages military and veterans affairs for the U. S. state of Alaska. It comprises a number of subdepartments, including the Alaska National Guard, Veterans Affairs, the Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, Alaska Naval Militia, and others. The AK National Guard is Alaskas component of the United States National Guard and comprises the Alaska Army National Guard, current strength is 1,972 army guardsmen and 2,309 air guardsmen. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Alaska National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The Alaska National Guard also operates a site for a US anti-missile system at Fort Greely. The Alaska State Defense Force is a military entity authorized by both the State Code of Alaska and Executive Order, the State Defense Force is the states authorized militia and assumes the state mission of the Alaska National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. It is separate from the National Guard and reports to the Governor of Alaska as ex officio commander, the SDF is composed of retired active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. The Alaska Naval Militia is Alaskas naval equivalent of the Army and Air National Guard
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Alaska Army National Guard
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The Alaska Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Along with the Alaska Air National Guard, it makes up the Alaska National Guard, Alaska Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Alaska Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Alaska. As of 2006, the Alaska Army National Guard was composed of approximately 1850 soldiers and maintains 77 armories and other facilities, the Alaska Army National Guard was originally formed in 1940-41. However, since the Second World War, the Alaska Army National Guard had not seen significant overseas deployments. It appears that the 207th Infantry Battalion was active in the state after the Second World War, with its distinctive unit insignia, however it was rescinded on 10 May 1960. This changed in 2004 when a company of infantry was mobilized to serve in Iraq, in 2005 through 2008 smaller detachments were deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan. An infantry battalion was deployed to the middle east in 2006, the Alaska Army National Guards aviation units have seen a series of company sized rotations to Iraq, unfortunately including the loss of a helicopter and crew in January 2006. These deployments seem small in comparison to the units that other states have deployed, however given the small size of Alaskas population and National Guard they represent a very large percentage of the Alaska Army National Guard. When young men are deployed there is an impact on smaller Alaska Bush villages that have a subsistence lifestyle. The 49th Missile Defense Battalion is an Alaska Army National Guard unit that is permanently on duty at Fort Greely. The Alaska Army National Guard regularly sends soldiers to train in Mongolia as part of the State Partnership Program, in addition, the Mongolian Army deployments to Iraq were typically accompanied by Alaska Army Guard members. Now that the Mongolian Army has shifted its focus to Afghanistan, in 2008, the Alaska Guard began transforming the 207th Infantry Group into the modular 297th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade. It had originally intended to become the 207th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. In addition the 38th Troop Command was stood up to provide command, in 2013, media coverage increasingly focused on allegations of misconduct within the Alaska National Guard
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Alaska Air National Guard
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The Alaska Air National Guard is the air militia of the State of Alaska, United States of America. It is, along with the Alaska Army National Guard, an element of the Alaska National Guard, as state military units, the units in the Alaska Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Alaska though the office of the Alaska Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Alaska Air National Guard is headquartered at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Anchorage, under the Total Force concept, Alaska Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Alaska ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The unit transfers more fuel than any other Air National Guard tanker wing, because nearly all receivers are active duty aircraft and it is a composite wing with multiple missions, including global airlift, air-sea rescue, tactical airlift, and NORAD air defense. Support Unit Functions and Capabilities, 213th Space Warning Squadron, Geographically Separated Unit located at Clear Air Force Station, Anderson, located 40 miles north of Mount McKinley and 80 miles south of Fairbanks. The 213th SWS is responsible for providing tactical warning and attack assessment of a missile attack against the continental United States. Warning data from the unit is forwarded to the North American Aerospace Defense Command inside Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, the only condition, that enough people could be recruited to man the unit. The Alaska Air National Guard was organized 15 September 1952 as the 8144th Air Base Squadron, at its creation, the 8144th included 11 enlisted men and five officers. Its headquarters were located in an office above what was then the bus depot on Fourth Avenue in Anchorage. Because the office was so small, the men convened for their first training assembly in a nearby Quonset hut, the units first aircraft, a 1941 AT-6D Texan trainer, arrived in February 1953. Soon five more trainers arrived, operating out of Elmendorf AFB Hangar #3, in keeping with the Air Guards mission to provide national air defense, the pilots began training in earnest for their planned transition to jet fighters. The unit was re-designated as the 144th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 1 July 1953, in 1969, the 144th Tactical Airlift Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 176th Tactical Airlift Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 176th TAG received federal recognition and was activated on 1 April 1969, the 144th TAS was assigned as the new units operational squadron. In 1986 the 168th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron designation was transferred from the Illinois ANG to the Alaska Air National Guard and it was re-designated as the 168th Air Refueling Squadron, extended federal recognition and reactivated on 1 October 1986. The 168th would operate as a geographically separated unit, at Eielson Air Force Base and it was equipped with KC-135E Stratotankers and assume an air refueling mission, supporting military aircraft over Alaska and the northern Pacific Region
34.
Arizona National Guard
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The Arizona National Guard is the National Guard of the American state of Arizona. It consists of the Arizona Army National Guard and the Arizona Air National Guard, both components are part of the Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs. The Department of Emergency and Military Affairs consists of the Army and the Air National Guard, the Division of Emergency Management, as of Sept.10,2013, the department is headed by Brigadier General Michael T. McGuire. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the United States National Guard with dual federal and those missions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President of the United States or United States Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-in-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The governor may call individuals or units of the Arizona National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. A state defense force is a military entity authorized by federal statute and executive order. The SDF is a state’s authorized militia and assumes a mission of the National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The SDF comprises retired active and reserve personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time. Currently, Arizona does not have a state defense force
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Arizona Army National Guard
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The Arizona Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Arizona Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Arizona National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Arizona. Currently, there are over 5,000 soldiers serving in the Arizona Army Guard, in response to the Indian wars, the Arizona Army National Guard was formed on September 2,1865. In 1898, hundreds of Arizonans joined the ranks of the Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. Since then, the Arizona Army National Guard has been deployed to Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, units from Arizona also deployed to Louisiana to assist with the Hurricane Katrina aftermath. The 158th Infantry Regiment was created September 2,1865, as the First Arizona Volunteer Infantry, the regiment was drafted into Federal Service for World War I,5 August 1917 as part of the 40th Infantry Division. Reorganization after the 1st World War assigned the 158th Infantry to the 45th Infantry Division, on 16 September 1940, the declaration of the National Emergency, the 158th Infantry joined its parent organization, the 45th Division at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. After being relieved by divisions in campaign after campaign across the Pacific, units from Arizona were called into action on September 26,1940. The 158th Regimental Combat Team were given the name the Bushmasters, general Douglas MacArthur said that, No greater fighting combat team has ever deployed for battle. The 158th Infantry was demobilized and returned to service following the end of World War II. It was redesignated in June 1967 as the 258th Infantry Brigade and it was subsequently reorganized and redesignated in August 1968 as the 258th Military Police Brigade. In August 1976 the unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 258th Support Center, later the 258th Rear Area Operations Center, the Cannon Company, 158th Infantry was reorganized as the 153rd Field Artillery Brigade. The 153 FA Bde was reorganized and redesignted as the 98th Troop command in 2006, in September 2010 the unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 158th Maneuver Enhanced Brigade. The 1st Battalion 180th Field Artillery was reorganized and redesignted in 2006 as the 1st Battalion, 158th Infantry, the Arizona National Guard has served the State through the Arizona Project ChalleNGe program. Since 1993 AZ Project ChalleNGe has offered an in-residence, voluntary, unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, but only as part of their respective units. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service
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Arizona Air National Guard
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The Arizona Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Arizona, United States of America. It is, along with the Arizona Army National Guard, an element of the Arizona National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Arizona Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Arizona through the office of the Arizona Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Arizona Air National Guard is headquartered at the Joint Force Headquarters in Phoenix, under the Total Force concept, Arizona Air National Guard units are an Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Arizona ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The wing consists of three squadrons and more than 70 F-16 aircraft, the 162d conducts international pilot training in support of foreign military sales program. It operates and maintains extensive radar and communications to train student Weapons Directors for postings throughout the Air Force and these unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units. The Arizona ANG was founded by Barry Goldwater, and its origins date to the formation of the 197th Fighter Squadron at Luke Army Airfield, Glendale and it was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. Today, the Arizona ANG performs an air refueling mission. Its 111th Space Operations Squadron is the first space communications unit in the United States military, after the September 11th,2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, elements of every Air National Guard unit in Arizona has been activated in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Also, Arizona ANG units have deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Arizona Wing Civil Air Patrol This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http, Arizona Air National Guard 161st Air Refueling Wing 162nd Fighter Wing
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Arkansas National Guard
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The Arkansas National Guard comprises both the Arkansas Army National Guard and Arkansas Air National Guard. The National Guard may be called into service by the President. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there have been several individual activations to support military operations since 2001. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. For much of the decades of the 20th century, National Guard personnel typically served one weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every six years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that individual Guardsman will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 12 months each. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Arkansas National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. When not activated for its Federal mission, the Governor through the State Adjutant General commands Guard forces, the Governor can call the Guard into action during local or statewide emergencies, such as storms, drought, and civil disturbances, to name a few. The intent is that the National Guard is called only when resources have been used first. While in this status, Guard units report only to military authorities, the use of the National Guard is intended as a temporary measure to prevent the loss of life or damage to property. When Tornados hit Dumas, Arkansas on Saturday, Feb, in this situation, the Guard is still under the direct command and control of the Governor, but the Federal Government provides the funding through Title 32 of the United States Code. The Governor of Arkansas initially activated troops in an active duty status in response to an Emergency Management Assistance Compact request from the Governor of Louisiana. A total of 3000 Arkansas National Guard Soldiers and Airmen were mobilized, the Arkansas National Guard assisted with processing over 10,000 evacuees through the Chaffee Maneuver Training Center at Fort Smith Arkansas. Arkansas National Guard units were among the last to leave Louisiana, the state also maintains two Maneuver Training Centers, Chaffee Maneuver Training Center at Fort Smith, Arkansas and Robinson Maneuver Training Center at North Little Rock, Arkansas. Chaffee Maneuver Training Center encompasses over 65,000 acres, large enough to support Brigade size training exercises, acreage available to support Field Artillery training as well as various small arms training ranges
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Arkansas Army National Guard
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The Arkansas Army National Guard is a component of the Arkansas National Guard and the United States National Guard. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau, Arkansas Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards, the Arkansas National Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Arkansas. The Arkansas Army National Guard is composed of approximately 8,000 soldiers, unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, but only as part of their respective units. For much of the decades of the 20th century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every six years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that individual Guardsman will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 12 months each, when not activated for its Federal mission, the governor through the State Adjutant General commands Guard forces. The governor can call the Guard into action during local or statewide emergencies, such as storms, drought, the Arkansas National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the Territorial Militia in 1804. Interest in the Militia in Arkansas generally waxed and waned throughout the 19th century as various national emergencies arose, organizations existed at the county and city level, but regimental designations above the company level did not become stable until the closing years of the 19th century. During much of this local militia companies were supported by private funds. Arkansas provided troops for the War with Mexico, the American Civil War, in each case, in answer to the governors call, local militia companies would turn out and be formed into regiments or battalions for induction into federal service. The militia was also engaged in the violence that characterized the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Arkansas National Guard troops participated in the Mexican Expedition in 1916–1917, when the Arkansas National Guard units were mustered into Federal Service for World War I, their state designations were removed and they were renumbered in accordance with a national System. Arkansas provided many units for World War II, both organizations work for the Adjutant General of Arkansas. The Adjutant General may be either a member of the Air National Guard or the Army National Guard, the 936th and 937th Field Artillery Battalions, along with several other Arkansas Army and Air National Guard units were mobilized again for service in the Korean War. Throughout the Cold War Arkansas National Guard units underwent multiple re-organizations in response to the nations Cold War strategy, no Arkansas National Guard Troops participated in the Vietnam War, but the state was called upon again to support Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. The years following the first Persian Gulf War saw an increase in the use of National Guard units for service overseas to support various peace-keeping operations. During the 1980s Arkansas Nation Guard units made multiple training rotations to Honduras during a period of increased Marxist activity, following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the National Guard transitioned from the nations strategic reserve to a part of the operational force
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Arkansas Air National Guard
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The Arkansas Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Arkansas, United States of America. It is, along with the Arkansas Army National Guard, an element of the Arkansas National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Arkansas Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Arkansas through the office of the Arkansas Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Arkansas Air National Guard is headquartered at North Little Rock, under the Total Force concept, Arkansas Air National Guard units are an Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Arkansas ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. The unit operates the C-130 Tactical Airlift Instructor School, where instructors are trained to they can return to their units. The Arkansas Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 154th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force, the 154th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units. The unit was reorganized with the establishment of a permanent air service in 1920 as the 154th Observation Squadron on 24 October 1925 and it is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. The 154th Observation Squadron was activated for one year of training on 16 September 1940, the unit completed its one-year training and returned to state control, but was recalled to active duty on 7 December 1941 as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Arkansas ANG received federal recognition on 27 May 1946 as the 154th Fighter Squadron at Adams Field, Little Rock. It was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state, on 2 October 1950, the 154th Fighter Squadron, along with detachment B, 237th Air Services Group and the 154th Utility Flight reported to active duty for service in Korea. The unit went to Langley Air Force Base, VA where it was re-equipped with the F-84E fighter, the 154th flew its first combat sortie 2 May 1951. Initially operating out of Itaeke, Japan the unit moved to Taegu. The 154th returned to Arkansas and was relieved from active duty 1 July 1952, on 22 August 1962, the 184th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 188th Tactical Reconnaissance Group was established by the National Guard Bureau. The 184th TRS becoming the flying squadron
40.
California National Guard
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The California National Guard is a federally funded California military force, part of the National Guard of the United States. It comprises both Army and Air National Guard components and is the largest national guard force in the United States with an authorized strength of 22,900 soldiers. As of January 2012, California National Guardsmen have been deployed overseas 38 thousand times since 2001, of which twenty-nine have been killed in Iraq, the Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, the state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law. Ames, March 22,1967 – June 5,1975 Frank J. Schober, June 6,1975 – December 31,1982 Willard A. Shank, January 3,1983 – February 13,1987 Robert C. Thrasher, February 14,1987 – October 9,1992 Robert W. Barrow, October 10 – December 31,1992 Tandy K. Bozeman, January 1,1993 – April 27,1999 Paul D. Monroe, Jr. April 29,1999 – March 2004 Thomas Eres, March 2004 – June 6,2005 John Alexander, June 7 – August 1,2005 William H. Wade II, September 1,2005 – February 1,2010 Mary J
41.
California Army National Guard
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The California Army National Guard is composed of 18,450 soldiers. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. California Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same enlisted and officer ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The California Army National Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of California. Prior to that time, the California Army Guard originated from the militia established by the Constitution of California in 1849. On April 4,1850, the first California Legislature in San Jose adopted enabling legislation formally establishing a militia of volunteer or independent companies. The law required every free, white, able-bodied male citizen of the State to perform military duty or to pay a $2 fee for nonperformance of this duty. Such payment exempted the person from duty except in case of war, insurrection, invasion, assistance to the sheriff, or a requisition of the militia. It provided that a judge of the court of a county should cause a suitable person to open a book. After required notice, the volunteers were to be organized, and their officers, the volunteer or independent companies were to be armed and equipped as in the Army of the United States. The units were to adopt a constitution and by-laws as well as rules and regulations for the government of its personnel and determination of fines and penalties to enforce them. The first unit, known as the First California Guard, was formed from volunteers in San Francisco, California under Captain Henry Morris Naglee on July 27,1849 and it then was the first organized under state authority. During 1850, Governor Burnett called out the two times. ”The second instance occurred in October 1850, when Governor Burnett ordered the sheriff of El Dorado County to muster 200 men. The commanders were instructed to “proceed to punish the Indians engaged in the attacks in the vicinity of Ringgold. Also two companies of Rangers were organized in San Francisco from members of the three companies that existed in that city then, First California Guard, Washington Guard. However, by the transportation to San Diego was arranged the revolt had been suppressed. In 1853, a company of California State Rangers was organized for the purpose of capturing the famous bandit Joaquin Murietta, at the same time Los Angeles County formed two companies, Los Angeles Rangers and the Los Angeles Guard. In 1854 the Monte Rangers were formed, during 1855 in San Bernardino County the San Bernardino Rough and Ready Cavalry was formed, replaced in 1856 by the San Bernardino Rangers
42.
California Air National Guard
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The California Air National Guard is the air force militia of the U. S. State of California. It is, along with the California Army National Guard, an element of the California National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the California Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of California through the office of the California Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The California Air National Guard is headquartered in Sacramento, and its commander is currently Major General Jon K. Kelk, under the Total Force concept, California Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. California ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. It is under state jurisdiction and its members are employed only within the State of California and it is not subject to be called, ordered or assigned as any element of the federal armed forces. Currently in transition from a KC-135 Stratotanker air refueling mission to an MQ-1 Predator ISR wing, executing global unmanned aerial systems, combat support, and humanitarian missions. The California Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 115th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I United States Army Air Service. The 115th served in France on the Western Front, constructed facilities and engaged in supply, the Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, liable for immediate state service. If federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, initially the Unit held its meetings at Clover Field, Santa Monica, using Reserve Equipment planes for flying. Later on, the Squadron met at the National Guard Armory, in 1925, several months after its organization, the Squadron moved to permanent quarters at Griffith Park Aerodrome in Los Angeles. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern California ANG received federal recognition on 1 July 1946 as the 62d Fighter Wing at Van Nuys Airport, Van Nuys. Its 115th Bombardment Squadron was equipped with A-26 Invader light bombers, on 16 September 1946, its 146th Fighter Group was also formed at Van Nuys, with several fighter squadrons equipped with F-51 Mustangs and its mission was the air defense of the state. The 61sts mission was the air defense of Northern California, the 62d, today, units of the CA ANG perform a homeland defense mission, worldwide airlift missions, aireal firefighting, combat search and rescue, and Unmanned Aireal Reconnaissance missions. After the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, in December 2007, after the grounding of F-15 fighters due to potential structural problems, the California Air National Guard assumed responsibility for defense of the western United States. This was the first time that a single states fighter wing took responsibility of defense for an entire coast, also, California ANG units have been deployed overseas as part of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as other locations as directed
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Colorado National Guard
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The Department consists of the Department of Military Affairs, and the Division of Veterans Affairs, and is headed by the Adjutant General of Colorado. The United States Code, Titles 10 and 32, specifically charge the National Guard with dual federal and those functions range from limited actions during non-emergency situations to full scale law enforcement of martial law when local law enforcement officials can no longer maintain civil control. The National Guard may be called into service in response to a call by the President or Congress. When National Guard troops are called to service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed. The Governor may call individuals or units of the Colorado National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as provided by state law. The Colorado National Guard attacked a tent colony of 1,200 striking mineworkers in the Ludlow Massacre on April 20,1914, nineteen were killed including two women and eleven children who were asphyxiated in a hole dug beneath one of the tents
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Colorado Army National Guard
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The Colorado Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Armys available combat forces, National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau. Colorado Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army, the same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The Colorado Guard also bestows a number of awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Colorado. The Colorado Army National Guard is composed of over 3500 soldiers, 19th Special Forces Group - Watkins AFB 193rd Military Police Bn. - Denver HHC 193rd Military Police - Denver 220th Military Police Co, - Colorado Springs 947th Engineer Co. 3/140th Medevac Company 117th Space Support Bn - Colorado Springs HHC 117th Space Bn. 217th Space Co. 1158th Space Co, - Colorado Springs HHC 1-157th INF - Colorado Springs A Co. 1-157th INF - Colorado Springs B Co, 1-157th INF - Ft Lupton C Co. 1-157th INF - Grand Junction D Co, 1-157th INF - Alamosa 1157th Forward Support Co. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually, however, there has been a significant amount of individual activations to support military operations, the legality of this policy is a major issue within the National Guard. For much of the decades of the twentieth century, National Guard personnel typically served One weekend a month. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit to one year of active duty for every three years of service. More specifically, current Department of Defense policy is that no Guardsman will be activated for a total of more than 24 months in one six-year enlistment period. The Colorado Volunteer Militia, predecessor of the Colorado Army National Guard, was formed in 1860. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the state militias into the present National Guard system. Originally Colorado was a part of the CONUS regional command, called the Southern Department and this was later redesignated, in 1920, as Eighth Corps area. With headquarters at Fort Sam Houston Texas, in 1941 Colorado was transferred to the new Central Defense Command
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Colorado Air National Guard
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The Colorado Air National Guard is the aerial militia of the U. S. State of Colorado. It is, along with the Colorado Army National Guard, an element of the Colorado National Guard, the units of the Colorado Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Colorado through the office of the Colorado Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Colorado Air National Guard is headquartered in Centennial, and its commander is currently Major General H. Michael Edwards. The Colorado Air National Guard 120th Fighter Squadron was the first federally recognized Air National Guard unit after the Second World War, under the Total Force concept, Colorado Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Colorado ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. They are able to survive and operate through all phases of trans/post nuclear attack, the Colorado Air National Guard origins date to 28 August 1917 with the establishment of the 120th Aero Squadron as part of the World War I American Expeditionary Force. The 120th served in France on the Western Front, then after the 1918 Armistice with Germany was demobilized in 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, on 27 June 1923 the 120th Observation Squadron, 45th Division, Aviation was mustered into service as part of the Colorado Army National Guard. It is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II. Initially composed of eight officers and 50 enlisted members, the unit flew Curtis JN-4Es - an aircraft which proved to be unsuitable for flying at Denver elevations, one year later, the 120th began flying out of Lowry Field. The brand new airfield was named in honor of 2nd Lt. Francis B, Lowry who was shot down and killed near Crepion, France in 1918 while on a photographic mission. Mobilization for World War II took place on January 6,1941,11 months prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the unit, then 19 officers and 116 enlisted members, moved to Biggs Field, Texas. These unit designations were allotted and transferred to various State National Guard bureaus to provide them unit designations to re-establish them as Air National Guard units, the modern Colorado ANG received federal recognition on 3 July 1946 as the 86th Fighter Wing at Buckley Field, Denver. Its 140th Fighter Group was also formed at Buckley Field, with the 120th Fighter Squadron equipped with F-51 Mustangs, the 200th Airlift Squadron flies C-21A Learjets with a Special Air Mission for VIP personnel, along with aeromedical evacuation. The 137th Space Warning Squadron at Greeley Employs the Air Forces only strategic survivable, mobile ground system to receive early warning data
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Connecticut Military Department
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The Connecticut Military Department is a state agency of the government of Connecticut. Its primary components are the Connecticut Army National Guard, the Connecticut Air National Guard, the Military Department of the State of Connecticut traces its origins to May 11,1637, when the General Courts established a military arm of the provincial government. In 1939, the States Military Department, was established to consolidate the offices of Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Armory Board, and Armory Board Inspector. It serves as the resource for the Governor in ensuring public safety in a variety of emergencies. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the militia which is now the National Guard of the United States with dual Federal, in fact, the National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a State status. The National Guard may be called into Federal service in response to a call by the President of the United States or by resolution passed by the United States Congress. The Federal mission assigned to the National Guard is, To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, the state mission assigned to the National Guard is To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law. The Connecticut National Guard bestows a number of decorations for services to or on behalf of the state, major General Thaddeus Martin is the current Connecticut Adjutant General. The Connecticut Army National Guard was originally formed in 1672, the Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. Other major historical regiments of Connecticut were the 169th Infantry Regiment, after 1968, the main formation in the state became the 43rd Infantry Brigade of the 26th Infantry Division. Today the Connecticut Army National Guard is composed of approximately 5,000 soldiers and it maintains facilities in 22 communities. In 1999, these facilities included 22 armories, eight shops, four aviation facilities, four training site facilities. The primary combat unit is the 1st Battalion, 102nd Infantry, assigned to the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the Connecticut Air National Guard traces its history back to World War I with the beginnings also of the United States Army Air Service. It comprises approximately 1,200 airmen and officers assigned to the 103d Airlift Wing, the 103d Airlift Wing is based in East Granby at the Bradley Air National Guard Base at Bradley International Airport. Known as the Flying Yankees, the 103d Airlift Wing is the third-oldest Air National Guard unit in the United States with a history dating back to World War I. Until 2008, the organization was known as the 103rd Fighter Wing, operationally gained by the Air Combat Command, following this change in mission, the unit was redesignated the 103rd Airlift Wing and placed under the operational claimancy of Air Mobility Command. The 103rd Air Control Squadron is based in Orange, Connecticut, the mission of the 103rd Air Control Squadron is real-time detection, identification and surveillance of air traffic for combat operations and homeland defense. The 103rd ACS is the oldest unit of its kind in the United States military, the Connecticut Air National Guard counts one astronaut amongst its former members, Jack Swigert, who flew on Apollo 13
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Connecticut Air National Guard
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The Connecticut Air National Guard is the air force militia of the State of Connecticut, United States of America. It is, along with the Connecticut Army National Guard, an element of the Connecticut National Guard, as state militia units, the units in the Connecticut Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Connecticut though the office of the Connecticut Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Connecticut Air National Guard is headquartered at Bradley Air National Guard Base, under the Total Force concept, Connecticut Air National Guard units are considered to be Air Reserve Components of the United States Air Force. Connecticut ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of public services. They currently fly the C-130H, a four engine aircraft and its mission is providing cargo. Support Unit Functions and Capabilities, 103d Air Control Squadron Stationed at Orange and is known as Yankee Watch, the mission of the 103d Air Control Squadron is real-time detection, identification and surveillance of air traffic for combat operations and homeland defense. The 103d ACS is the oldest unit of its kind in the United States military, the 118th Airlift Squadrons origins date to August 1917, when the unit was activated as the 118th Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas. After little more than individual and unit training at Kelly. After a brief stopover at Garden City, Long Island, New York, they sailed for Europe on 13 January 1918, arriving at St. Maixent, the Fleur-de-lis on the post World War II squadron insignia reflects that service in France. The war ended in November, but the 639th remained in France until May 1919 when it returned to the United States and was demobilized at Mitchell Field, New York, on 6 June 1919. The Militia Act of 1903 established the present National Guard system, units raised by the states but paid for by the Federal Government, if federalized by Presidential order, they fall under the regular military chain of command. On 1 June 1920, the Militia Bureau issued Circular No.1 on organization of National Guard air units, the National Defense Act of 1921 provided for a number of National Guard Aviation Squadrons and the 43d Aero Squadron was re-designated as the 43d Division Air Service Squadron. As a National Guard unit the squadron became a part of the 43d Division, at that time made up of National Guard Troops from Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont. Since there were no airfields in Connecticut capable of handling military type aircraft, however, after the opening of Brainard Field in Hartford in October 1922, efforts were immediately launched to secure the Air Service unit of the 43d Division for the State of Connecticut. Rhode Island, apparently without a deal of argument, soon relinquished its claim. When the squadron was organized on 1 November 1923, there were some 66 officers
United States
Nebraska
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67th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade - As the 67th Infantry Brigade, the brigade was initially formed in August 1917 in the Iowa and Nebraska Army National Guards, and was part of the 34th Division mobilized for World War I.
134th Infantry Regiment (United States)
167th Cavalry Regiment - The regiment was constituted on February 12, 1964 as a CARS parent regiment, consisting of Troop E-167 CAV, an element of the 67th Infantry Brigade. Reorganised 1 October 1985 to comprise 1st Squadron, an element of the 35th Infantry Division. Transferred from CARS to USARS on 1 June 1989, headquarters Lincoln, Nebraska.[2] 1-167th Cavalry was re-organized into the 1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry (R&S) in 2008.
168th Field Artillery Regiment (formerly 3rd Battalion, 134th Infantry)
195th Armored Regiment - The Regiment was constituted 20 June 1946 as the 120th Eng Combat Battalion and allocated to the Nebraska ARNG as a component of the 34th Infantry Division.[3] Organized and federally recognized on 20 November 1947 with headquarters at Omaha, elements organized from new and existing companies. Reorganized and redesignated 1 February 1953 as the 120th Engineer Battalion. Location of headquarters changed 1 May 1959 to Kearny (Kearney, Nebraska?). Relieved 1 April 1963 from assigned to the 34th Infantry Division. Converted, reorganized, and redesignated 1 May 1968 as the 195th Armor, a parent regiment under CARS, consisting of the 1st Battalion. 1 November 1978 assigned to the 67th Infantry Brigade. Reallocated to the 35th Infantry Division on 1 October 1985. 1 June 1989 reallocated from CARS to United States Army Regimental System. Globalsecurity.org reports that "[t]he 195th Armor Battalion (sic) of the Nebraska National Guard, a subordinate unit of the 67th Infantry Brigade, deactivated on Sunday September 2, 2001. Its elements were redesignated as the 734th Transportation Battalion (Motor Support). "[4]
