1.
Order of Prince Henry
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Minor reforms of the constitution of the Order occurred in 1962 and 1980. It is an order, whose titles are awarded for relevant services to Portugal and for services in the expansion of the Portuguese culture, its history. The number of members in each grade is restricted by its constitution, the order includes several classes, in decreasing order of seniority, these are, Grand Collar Grand Cross Grand Officer Commander Officer Knight / Dame There is also a Silver Medal and a Gold Medal. The special distinction of Grand Collar can be awarded only to heads of state, ribbons and medals are characterized by equal stripes of blue, white and black and a ruby-enameled golden cross pattée. The stars of Grand Officer and Grand Cross bear the inscription Talant de bien faire, membership to the Order is conferred by the President, either on his own initiative, upon the recommendation of his Ministers or following nomination by the Council of the Order. Honorific orders of Portugal List of the Grand Collar of the Order of Infante D. Henrique
2.
Victoria, British Columbia
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Victoria /vɪkˈtɔːriə/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canadas Pacific coast. The city has a population of about 85,792, while the area of Greater Victoria, has a population of 367,770. Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada, and is located about 100 kilometres from BCs largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and, at the time, British North America, Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a number of its historic buildings. The citys Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Franciscos, known as the The Garden City, Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a thriving technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry. Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life, Victoria is very popular with boaters with its beautiful and rugged shorelines and beaches. Victoria is also popular with retirees, who come to enjoy the temperate, prior to the arrival of European navigators in the late 1700s, the Victoria area was home to several communities of Coast Salish peoples, including the Songhees. The Spanish and British took up the exploration of the northwest coast, beginning with the visits of Juan Pérez in 1774 and of James Cook. In 1778, although the Victoria area of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was not penetrated until 1790, Spanish sailors visited Esquimalt Harbour in 1790,1791, the Songhees established a village across the harbour from the fort. The Songhees village was moved north of Esquimalt. When the crown colony was established in 1849, a town was out on the site. Victoria was incorporated as a city in 1862, in 1865, Esquimalt was made the North Pacific home of the Royal Navy, and remains Canadas Pacific coast naval base. In the latter half of the 19th century, the Port of Victoria became one of North Americas largest importers of opium, serving the opium trade from Hong Kong and distribution into North America. Opium trade was legal and unregulated until 1865, then the legislature issued licences and levied duties on its import, the opium trade was banned in 1908. In 1886, with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway terminus on Burrard Inlet and his son James Dunsmuir became premier and subsequently lieutenant-governor of the province and built his own grand residence at Hatley Park in the present City of Colwood. With the economic crash and a surplus of men, Victoria became a target-rich environment for recruiting. Two militia infantry battalions, the 88th Victoria Fusiliers and the 50th Gordon Highlanders, Victoria was the home of Sir Arthur Currie
3.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
4.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
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Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
6.
Dance-pop
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Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally up-tempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable, the genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions. Dance-pop borrowed influences from other genres, which varied by producer, artist, such include contemporary R&B, house, trance, techno, new jack swing, funk, synthpop, electropop and some forms of europop. Dance-pop is a mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists. As the term started to go out of fashion by the late 1970s to early 1980s, other terms were commonly used to describe disco-based music, such as post-disco, club. Dance-pop music emerged in the 1980s as a combination of dance and pop, or post-disco, Dance-pop music was usually created, composed and produced by record producers who would then hire singers to perform the songs. In the beginning of the 80s disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, according to prominent Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music, utilizing her charisma, chutzpah and sex appeal. Erlewine claimed that Madonna launched dance-pop and set the standard for the genre for the two decades. The staff of Vice magazine stated that her debut album drew the blueprint for future dance-pop, in the 1980s dance-pop was closely aligned to other up-tempo electronic genres, such as Hi-NRG. Prominent producers in the 1980s included Stock, Aitken and Waterman, during the decade, dance-pop borrowed influences from funk, new jack swing, and contemporary R&B. Other prominent dance-pop artists and groups of the 1980s included the Pet Shop Boys, Mel and Kim, Samantha Fox, Debbie Gibson, by the 1990s, dance-pop had become a major genre in popular music. Several dance-pop groups and artists emerged during the 1990s, such as the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Backstreet Boys, during the early 1990s, dance-pop borrowed influences from house music, as well as contemporary R&B and new jack swing. Additionally, also in 1998, Cher released a song called Believe which made usage of a technological innovation of the time. An audio processor and a form of pitch modification software, Auto-Tune is commonly used as a way to correct pitch, since the late 1990s, the use of Auto-Tune processing has become a common feature of dance-pop music. Celine Dion also released a dance-pop song Thats the Way It Is by the end of 1999 and it has a moderately slow tempo but an up-beat song. At the beginning of the 2000s, dance-pop music was still prominent, nonetheless, as R&B and hip hop became extremely popular from the early part of the decade onwards, dance-pop often borrowed a lot of its influences from urban music. Dance-pop stars from the 1980s and 1990s such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Janet Jackson, in Madonnas case, her album Music contained elements of Euro disco, especially the successful eponymous lead single. Britney Spears album Blackout contained influences of Euro disco, the mid-to-late 2000s saw the arrival of several new dance-pop artists, including Rihanna, Kesha, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry
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Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
8.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
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DreamWorks Records
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DreamWorks Records was an American record label. Founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary of DreamWorks SKG, the label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005. The companys logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death in 1997, in 1996, six years after Geffen sold Geffen Records to MCA Music Entertainment, he joined Spielberg and Katzenberg to form DreamWorks SKG, which included the subsidiary DreamWorks Records. The labels logo was the last project completed by artist Roy Lichtenstein, Geffen Records distributed DreamWorks until 1999, when Interscope Records took over distribution duties. Rufus Wainwright was the first to be signed to the new label in early 1996, henry Rollins, Tamar Braxton, George Michael, Randy Newman, Morphine, Eels, comedian/actor Chris Rock, Powerman 5000 and others were also signed to the label. The label was presided over by Lenny Waronker and Mo Ostin and it was announced on November 11,2003 that Universal Music Group reached an agreement to acquire DreamWorks Records from DreamWorks SKG for about $100 million. The purchase came at a time when the business was going through major changes as it struggled to counter falling sales. Under the deal new, DreamWorks Records was placed within the Interscope Geffen A&M label, DreamWorks was folded into Geffen Records in 2004. Its country music division, meanwhile, remained operational until January 29,2006, between 1998 and 2005, DreamWorks also operated a division in Nashville, Tennessee for country music acts. Among the artists signed to the DreamWorks Nashville division were Jessica Andrews, Emerson Drive, Toby Keith, Randy Travis, Jimmy Wayne, after DreamWorks Records dissolution, former executive Scott Borchetta formed Big Machine Records in late 2005, signing several country music acts to the label. Borchetta also signed Show Dog Records in partnership with Toby Keith, meanwhile, Borchetta signed Taylor Swift to DreamWorks Records. The latter label merged with Universal South Records to become Show Dog-Universal Music, DreamWorks Records discography List of DreamWorks Records artists List of record labels Video Interview with Lenny Waronker, former President of DreamWorks Records
10.
Geffen Records
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Geffen Records is an American major record label, owned by Universal Music Group, which operates as one third of the Interscope Geffen A&M Records label. On March 23,2017, Billboard. com announced the label was relaunching with longtime A&R Neil Jacobson as President, Geffen Records was started in 1980 by music industry businessman David Geffen who, in the early 1970s, had founded Asylum Records. Geffen stepped down from Asylum in 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named a vice-president of Warner Bros and he was fired from Warner circa 1978, but remained locked in a 5-year contract, which prevented him from working elsewhere. He returned to work in 1980 and struck a deal with Warner Bros. Records to create Geffen Records, profits were split 50/50 between Geffen and the respective distributors. Geffen Records first artist was disco superstar Donna Summer, whose gold-selling album The Wanderer became the labels first release in 1980, the label followed it up with Double Fantasy by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. It was Lennons first new album since 1975, two weeks after it entered the charts, Lennon was murdered in New York City. As the 1980s progressed, Geffen would go on to have success with acts as Kylie Minogue, Enya, Quarterflash, Oxo, Asia, Wang Chung. This prompted Geffen to create a label, DGC Records in 1990. Geffen also distributed the first incarnation of Def American Recordings through Warner Bros. from 1988 to 1990, after a decade of operating through Warner, when its contract with the company expired, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment in 1990. The deal ultimately earned David Geffen an estimated US$800 million in stock, following the sale, Geffen Records operated as one of MCAs leading independently managed labels. Geffen Records would distribute releases on the new operations DreamWorks Records subsidiary, Universal Music Group acquired PolyGram in 1999, resulting in a corporate reorganization of labels. Geffen Records, along with A&M Records, was merged into Interscope Records. Although Geffen would continue to exist as a brand, it was downsized to fit into the expansion of Interscope. At the same time, international distribution of Interscope and Geffen releases switched to ex-PolyGram label Polydor Records, meanwhile, DreamWorks Records also folded, with artists such as Nelly Furtado, Lifehouse and Rufus Wainwright being absorbed by Geffen as well. During this time, DGC Records was also folded into Geffen, at the end of 2007, however, Geffen was absorbed further into Interscope, laying off sixty employees. In 2009, it was announced that Geffen Records had signed an agreement with the Holy See to produce an album of Marian songs, jimmy Iovine relaunched the Geffen imprint in 2011, moving its headquarters from California to New York City
11.
Mosley Music Group
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Mosley Music Group is a record label founded and formed by producer Tim Timbaland Mosley. The labels roster includes OneRepublic, Nelly Furtado, Keri Hilson, the label was created after Timbalands former label, Beat Club Records, folded. The first album release from MMG, Nelly Furtados Loose, went on to be certified platinum, the labels second release was Timbalands own second album Shock Value. MMGs third release was OneRepublics debut album Dreaming Out Loud on November 20,2007, in February 2008 SoundScan data reported that Apologize was one of only two songs in history to sell 3 million digital downloads. After nearly ten years with Interscope Records, Timbaland moved distribution to Epic Records in November 2014, the move to the new label was due to his involvement in the success of Michael Jacksons second posthumous album Xscape. Most of the artists signed to Mosley Music Group will have their future recordings handled by Epic with the exception of OneRepublic, Timbaland Keri Hilson Nelly Furtado OneRepublic Lyrica Anderson V. Bozeman Tink Yazz The Greatest Izza Kizza Hayes Omarion Soul Diggaz Chris Cornell D. O. E
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Interscope Records
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Interscope Records is an American record company. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff and it had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. In 1992, Interscope acquired the rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row. Albums by Death Row artists included rappers Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, as a result, Time Warner severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million, Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014. He was succeeded by John Janick, Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California. The labels best-selling artists include U2, Eminem, Lady Gaga, in 1989, Ted Field began to build Interscope Records as a division of his film company, Interscope Communications. To run it, he hired John McClain, who had played a role in Janet Jacksons success at A&M Records, and Tom Whalley. Separately, Iovine, who had produced records by U2, Bruce Springsteen, I thought, Music is going to change, Iovine said in 1997. Young bands arent going to be asking for me, but I love working with the new thing. I always liked the part of the business thats the first time you hear something, Iovine and Field were introduced by Paul McGuinness, then U2s manager. After a series of negotiations led by David Geffen, they came to an agreement, in a 1997 article in Rolling Stone, David Wild wrote, Interscopes start-up coincided with a period of incredible change in the music world. Nirvana had ushered in the alternative revolution, based in Westwood, California, Interscope was run by music men. It was a departure from the industry practices of the 1970s and 1980s. A founding tenet of the label was that artists would have creative control. Interscopes first release was Rico Suave by Ecuadoran rapper Gerardo in December 1990, Primus Interscope debut was released in May, followed by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunchs Music for the People in July. It included the #1 single Good Vibrations, two days after first hearing his demo, Whalley signed Tupac Shakur, and in November 1991, Interscope released 2pacalypse Now, Shakurs studio debut. Interscope began to develop a significant presence in the genre in 1992
13.
Universal Music Latin Entertainment
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Universal Music Latin Entertainment, a division of Universal Music Group, is a record company specialized in producing and distributing Latin Music in Mexico, United States and Puerto Rico. UMLE includes famous Latin music labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music Mexico, Capital Latin, Machete Music and Disa Records. The record company was created in 2008 with the acquisition of Univision Music Group and combining it with Universals top Latin artists, in 2003, Jennifer Peña became the only female artist nominated for a Grammy in the Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album category. The label was dissolved in May 2008 with Univision Music Group being acquired, fonovisas impressive roster of over 120 artists include multi-platinum artists Marco Antonio Solís, La Banda el Recodo, Conjunto Primavera, Los Temerarios, and Los Tigres del Norte. Disa Records is the second largest Regional-Mexican label after Fonovisa and it was owned by the Chávez family of Monterrey until June 2001, when Univision acquired 50% of Disa from the Chávez family. In November 2006 Univision acquired the other 50% of the making it a subsidiary of Univision Music Group. Machete Music includes the top artists from Puerto Rico and Latin artists from all over the world. Artists like Akwid, Wisin & Yandel, Ivy Queen, Daddy Yankee, Don Omar, Molotov, PolyGram Latino merged with Universal Music Latino after Universal Music Groups acquisition of PolyGram. In 2006 UML with Vene Music started Siente Music, canadian born artist Nelly Furtado and Miami rapper Pitbull have also joined Universal to release a Spanish album. Following Universal Music Groups acquisition of EMI Music in 2012, Capitol Latin was merged with UMLE, the label includes artists that were signed on at the time of the acquisition. A label which focuses on the electronic music Latin audience, launched in 2014, musical acts that have signed on to the label include 3Ball MTY, Juan Magan, Atellagali, Marcelo Cic, and Buraka Som Sistema. RMM Records & Video PolyGram Latino Rodven Records This is a list of artist currently signed on to Universal Music Latin Entertainment and these are artists who were formerly signed on to either Universal Music Latin Entertainment or Universal Music Latino. List of record labels Official website Universal Music Latin Entertainments channel on YouTube
14.
Timbaland
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Timothy Zachery Tim Mosley, known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ. Timbalands first full credit production work was in 1996 on Ginuwine. the Bachelor for R&B singer Ginuwine, after further work on Aaliyahs 1996 album One in a Million and Missy Elliotts 1997 album Supa Dupa Fly, Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists. As a rapper he released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo. A Timbaland-owned imprint label, Mosley Music Group, featured such as Nelly Furtado. In 2007, Timbaland released an album, Shock Value. As a songwriter he has written as of 2014,85 UK hits and 99 hits Stateside, Timbaland has received widespread acclaim for his production style. Timothy Zachery Mosley was born on March 10,1972 in Norfolk, Virginia, to Latrice, who ran a shelter, and Garland Mosley. He graduated from Salem High School of Virginia Beach, Virginia, during his time as a DJ, he was known as DJ Tim or DJ Timmy Tim. His brother, Sebastian, is reportedly around nine years younger and his sister Courtney Rashon is a makeup artist and author from New Jersey. While attending high school, Timbaland began a collaboration with rapper Melvin Barcliff. The teenage Mosley also joined the production ensemble S. B. I. which also featured Neptunes producer Pharrell, Mosley was also high school friends with brothers Terrence and Gene Thornton, who would become known as Pusha T and Malice of the rap group Clipse, respectively. In 1986, when Timbaland was 14 years old, he was shot by a co-worker at a local Red Lobster restaurant and was partially paralyzed for nine months. During this time, he began to learn how to DJ using his left hand, singer and rapper Missy Elliott heard his material and began working with him. She and her R&B group, Sista, auditioned for DeVante Swing, DeVante signed Sista to his Swing Mob record label and Elliott brought Mosley and Barcliff along with her to New York, where Swing Mob was based. It was DeVante who renamed the young producer Timbaland, after the Timberland brand of construction boots. He and Magoo became part of SCI Zakys School stable of Swing Mob signees known as Da Bassment crew, joining artists such as R&B singer Ginuwine, male vocal group Playa, and the girl group Sugah. Timbaland did production work on a number of projects with DeVante, including the 1995 Jodeci LP The Show, The After-Party, The Hotel, Elliott began receiving recognition as a songwriter for artists such as R&B girl group 702 and MC Lyte. Due to Timbalands connection with her, he was contacted to produce remixes of her songs
15.
Canadians
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
16.
Whoa, Nelly!
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Whoa, Nelly. is the debut studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released in North America on October 24,2000 by DreamWorks Records and it peaked at number twenty-four on the US Billboard 200 chart, and opened to critical acclaim. It produced three singles, Im Like a Bird, Turn Off the Light and. on the Radio. Partys Just Begun was a single released exclusively in the US before the albums availability in stores. When Partys Just Begun was released, Furtados label was unsure about the genre in which to market her and they eventually remixed Partys Just Begun and included it on this album as Party. The DreamWorks label released Trynna Finda Way as the single in Mexico and South America. The album spent seventy-eight weeks on the Billboard 200 and it hit double-platinum status in the US in January 2002. After the release of the album, Furtado headlined the Burn in the Spotlight tour and appeared on Mobys Area, according to Macleans magazine, Whoa, Nelly. has sold 9 million copies Worldwide as of 2015. The album also caught the eye of record producer Timbaland, who later signed Furtado to his record label, Whoa, Nelly. was well received by critics for its eccentric, yet intriguing instrumentations as well as Furtados vocals. It currently holds a score of 79 from Metacritic, slant magazine called it a delightful and refreshing antidote to the army of pop princesses and rap-metal bands that had taken over popular music at the turn of the millennium. The sound of the album was influenced by musicians who had traversed cultures. And also stating that Whoa, Nelly, unfolds as a rewarding, promising debut. A positive review calling it a wild-ass pop go-go, filled with songs that pursue adventure yet could make the hit parades. Q listed Whoa, Nelly. as one of the best 50 albums of 2001, as a result of critical acclaim, the album received four nominations at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in on 27 February 2002. Whoa, Nelly. was commercial success worldwide and it peaked at number two in Canada and received 4× platinum certification in that territory. In United States, it received 2× platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America and it reached top ten positions in the Netherlands and Switzerland, as well as top five in Australia, Norway and New Zealand. It was also certified 3× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand and received certifications in Portugal. It peaked at number twenty in Belgium in both Flanders and Wallonia, in 2002, it peaked at number forty-six in France
17.
I'm Like a Bird
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Im Like a Bird is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado, and produced by Gerald Eaton and Brian West, as the first single from her first album, Whoa, Nelly. The song received positive reviews from music critics for Furtados singing and the empowering lyrics. Many also consider it to be her song, Furtado herself commented Theres a simplicity about it that I love. It also won the Juno Award for Single of the Year, Im Like a Bird is composed common time in the key of B♭ major. The song moves at 90 beats per minute, and Furtados voice spans around an octave and it is written in verse-chorus form, with a bridge before the second chorus. In 2006 Furtado said of the song, Ive heard it sung at karaoke or by cover bands and it was awesome — I was like, wow, somebody once called it a hairbrush song, one that girls and guys sing in front of the mirror with their hairbrush. I just think Im lucky I have it — its paying the bills, the music video for Im Like a Bird was directed by Francis Lawrence. The video begins in the sky where the camera pans down onto Furtado. It then shows her singing on a trunk in mid-air. In the chorus she gets up and starts singing to the camera while birds are flying around her, the second verse shows her sitting in mid-air in a forest, while singing to the camera. The chorus consists of flashes of Furtado singing in mid-air, again, during the bridge she is singing to a bug while her eyes change colour. The conclusion of the video shows her falling backwards from a branch into a crowd as she sings the chorus of the song. The last shot pans out to reveal a crowd of tens of thousands, there was made an edited version of the music video for European VH1, where some scenes where changed
18.
Turn Off the Light
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Turn Off the Light is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado, taken from her debut studio album, Whoa, Nelly. Written by Furtado, and produced by Gerald Eaton, Brian West, and Furtado, Furtado, who cited a song by the Canadian band Big Sugar as the inspiration for Turn Off the Light, has described it as a real song. Though I may seem so independent and stuff, blah, blah, blah, maybe thats why its such a good song and everyone is responding to it – because its real. Just a song with a fun, hooky chorus, there were two music videos made for Turn Off the Light, the yo kai version, and the normal version. The normal version was directed by Sophie Muller and located in Beijing, the music video for the normal version of Turn Off the Light begins in a swamp where Furtado is sitting on the edge of a log and people are swimming in the swamp. She begins to sing the first verse and when the chorus commences the people in the swamp pull her in, the second verse starts and Furtado is seen at a temple singing while some dancers jump out and dance with Furtado. During the second part of the chorus, she is surrounded by a group at the temple, during the bridge she is shown at an old house singing and is sitting on a chair. The video ends with Furtado back at the temple eating noodles, the underground video features Furtado playing the guitar in a wooden shed, wearing a white top and jeans. She is also seen buying flowers, behind the scenes footage of the photoshoot for the Whoa, Nelly. Cover is interwoven through the video, the song eventually became her most successful song at the time of its release. In New Zealand, it became her first number-one single there and it became the second most successful song of 2001 year-end chart. The song is 28th most successful song in country and the most successful song for Nelly Furtado in that country. It peaked at five on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100. A remix featuring rappers Ms. Jade and Timbaland was released, the song ranked at number 70 in the Year-End chart of 2001 and at number 92 on the 2002 recap. It peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay Chart and it peaked at number seven in Australia, being her second top ten single there and stayed in the chart for twenty-one weeks. It also peaked at four in United Kingdom, becoming her second top five single there
19.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
20.
Best Female Pop Vocal Performance
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The Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance was a Grammy Award recognizing superior vocal performance by a female in the pop category, the first of which was presented in 1959. It was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy season, the award went to the artist. Singles or tracks only are eligible, from 2012, all solo performances in the pop category were shifted to the newly formed Best Pop Solo Performance category. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, Most Wins in Category Most Nominations Other facts Mariah Carey is the only artist to receive the six consecutive nominations in this category and she won for Vision of Love among them. Beyoncé is the only artist in this category to have the songs in different versions nominated, with Halo studio version. The studio version of this song won in 2010, ella Fitzgeralds Mack The Knife and Sarah McLachlans I Will Remember You are the only live songs that won this category. Ella Fitzgerald is the most winner in consecutive years, with four, lady Gaga is the last recipient of the award after the category was renamed as Best Pop Solo Performance
21.
Folklore (Nelly Furtado album)
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Folklore is the second studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. It was released on 23 November 2003 through DreamWorks Records, while the album did not match the success of her previous album in such markets as the United States and Australia, it did however become a success in several European countries. Folklore spawned five singles, Powerless, Try, Força, Explode, the album has sold three million copies worldwide. When you have that in blood, you never really part with it – it becomes your own personal folklore. The album also displayed a sound but with a more rock-oriented. Furtado attributed the mellowness of the album to the fact that she was pregnant during most of its recording, saturdays features vocals by Jarvis Church and Island of Wonder features vocals by Caetano Veloso. Folklore includes the single Força, which was written as the anthem of the 2004 European Football Championship. Furtado performed the song at the final in Lisbon, in July 2004. Additional singles were released in territories, Explode in Canada and Europe. It was announced on 11 November 2003 that Universal Music Group reached an agreement to acquire DreamWorks Records from DreamWorks SKG for about $100 million. The purchase came at a time when the business was going through major changes as it struggled to counter falling sales. DreamWorks Records was folded into the Interscope Geffen A&M umbrella label in January 2004, Furtados recording contract was then absorbed into Geffen Records. Folklore received mixed reviews from critics, entertainment Weekly gave a positive review stating that exultant music goes on its merry, multicultural way. While Rolling Stone gave a review, calling Folklore slick, multicultural hodgepodge. As she focused more on the songwriting, rather than on frenetically switching genres five times in one song, club wrote that while few tracks on Folklore stand out, the album hangs together agreeably. The album debuted at eighteen on the Canadian Albums Chart with first-week sales of 10,400. According to Nielsen SoundScan, it had sold 425,000 copies in the U. S. by August 2008 and it was not as successful as Furtados debut album, Whoa, Nelly. Partly because of troubles at DreamWorks Records and the less poppy sound and it lacked promotion because DreamWorks was sold to Universal Music Group at the time of Folkores release, and it spent only eleven weeks on the U. S. Billboard 200 chart
22.
Powerless (Say What You Want)
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Powerless is a pop song written by Nelly Furtado, Gerald Eaton and Brian West for Furtados second studio album, Folklore. It contains a sample of Malcolm McLarens Buffalo Gals which was written by Anne Dudley, Trevor Horn and it was produced by Furtado and Track & Field and was chosen to be the lead single from the album, released in December 2003. Banjo player Béla Fleck appears on the track, according to Furtado, “I noticed that when I turned on the TV, I didn’t really see anybody that looked like me. So it’s really important for me to keep that realness in me and always remember where I came from, while at the same time always entertaining people. I like music to be inclusive. ”Afterwards, come reflections on gaining strength through the things that are truly important - real power comes from not caring about power, - and have balance in life. Of the instrumentation, Furtado said, I get to see a lot of DJ-oriented performance stuff, everything lately has become so synthesized, but just the standard sound of breakbeats is inspiring. Powerless uses breakbeats like that, its a groove, a real vibe. There’s a banjo mixed with a breakbeat from elements of Malcolm McLarens Buffalo Gals, so right away youre bobbing your head. The lyrics are initially in-your-face, like, Okay, I know Im going to be stereotyped in my life because that is the world we live in, but the song tries to find some sense of order in this complicated world. The song won Single of the year at the 2004 Juno Awards, the music video was directed by Bryan Barber and was shot in the period of three days. The video revolves around a classic psychological metaphor, Nelly trapped inside a box from which she seeks to escape, inside, the box is plastered with posters that act as doors or windows for the artist’s imagination. Her situation is a metaphor for being both defined and confined by the illusory commercial reality of her celebrity and beauty, the video was shot on various sets and dressed locations, and in a large customized box crate, which were all created by production designer Aaron Goffman
23.
Loose (Nelly Furtado album)
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Loose is the third studio album by Canadian singer and songwriter Nelly Furtado, released on 6 June 2006 by Interscope Records and the Mosley Music Group. Timbaland and his protégé Danja produced the bulk of the album, the album explores the theme of female sexuality and has been described as introspective or even sad in parts. The album received criticism because of the sexual image Furtado adopted for the recording, further controversy rose over accusations of plagiarism on Timbalands part in the song Do It when recordings were leaked onto YouTube. The record was generally as critically and commercially successful. The album was promoted, released in several editions and supported by the Get Loose Tour. Other successful singles include the UK number-one single Maneater and the European number one single All Good Things, Furtados second album, Folklore, was released in November 2003. The lead single is Powerless and the single is the ballad Try. The album was not as successful as her debut, partly due to the less poppy sound. Powerless was later remixed, featuring Colombian rocker Juanes, who had worked with Furtado on his track Fotografía. The two would again on Te Busqué, the single from Furtados album Loose. The purchase came at a time when the business was going through major changes as it struggled to counter falling sales. DreamWorks Records was folded into the Interscope Geffen A&M umbrella label in January 2004, Furtados recording contract was then absorbed into Interscope Records. Furtado began work on Loose by holding with emcee Jellystone what she referred to as a workshop, in which they would write rhymes, dissect them. The first producers she worked with were Track & Field—who co-produced her first two albums, Whoa, Nelly. and Folklore —and by May 2005, she had collaborated with Swollen Members and Knaan. She worked with Nellee Hooper in London on reggae-oriented material and with Lester Mendez in Los Angeles on acoustic songs, one of the tracks Mendez helped to create is Te Busqué, which is co-written by and features Juanes, who collaborated with Furtado on his 2002 song Fotografía. During her time in Los Angeles, she worked with Rick Nowels, in Miami, Florida, Furtado collaborated with Pharrell and Scott Storch before entering the studio with Timbaland. He and his protégé at the time, Danja, co-produced eight of the tracks, for some of the beats on the songs, Timbaland finished work on ones already present in the studio that were half-developed or just nucleuses, the rest were completely reworked. She recorded a collaboration with Justin Timberlake, Crowd Control, which she described as kind of sexy
24.
Promiscuous (song)
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Promiscuous is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album Loose, featuring Timbaland. The song was written by Anthony Motz, along with Tim Timbaland Mosley, Furtado, the songs lyrics, which were penned by Furtado and Clayton, feature a conversation between a man and woman who call each other promiscuous. The song was received by music critics, with some critics calling it the highlight of the album. Promiscuous was a success and it had become Furtados first number-one single in the US. It was the first number one by a Canadian female artist since 1998s Im Your Angel by R. Kelly, the song also topped the chart in New Zealand and peaked within the top ten on many charts across Europe. The accompanying music video was directed by Little X, and features scenes of Furtado and Timbaland, cameo appearances are made by Keri Hilson, Justin Timberlake, and Bria Myles. The lyrics of Promiscuous describe the two sides of the relationship that the songs protagonist deals with and it was one of the first songs Furtado wrote with labelmate Timothy Attitude Clayton. Furtado called their teamwork something she had never done before because she saw the process as extremely freeing because of his different approach. Clayton helped Furtado experiment with interpreting the promiscuous girl character and the relationship she is in. The sexuality was based on the women in control of the 1990s, such as Queen Latifah, MC Lyte, Yo-Yo, Salt-n-Pepa. Furtado decided to include him because she and Nash are both from Victoria, British Columbia, and due to frequent citations of basketballers in songs, in one of the verses Timbaland introduces himself as Thomas Crown. The Thomas Crown Affair is a film about wealthy businessman who plays a game with an insurance investigator. Timbaland only performed the live on special occasions, such as Furtados appearance on Saturday Night Live. Starting with Furtados show at the 94th Grey Cup on 19 November 2006, Promiscuous received positive reviews from music critics. Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone considered it a highlight in Loose, Timbalands appearance received particular praise, which added Furtados high-school musical vocals over his eighty beats according to Sheffield. The New Yorker considered it an update of Janet Jacksons Nasty. AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine compared it to vintage Prince, citing Promiscuous as a highlight of Furtados makeover, however, Erlewine believed that no matter how much Furtado sings about sex, she does not sound sexy and does not generate much carnal heat. The song was included in four lists of best songs of 2006, fourth on Blender, sixth at The Village Voices Pazz & Jop, 56th on Rolling Stone
25.
Maneater (Nelly Furtado song)
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Maneater is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album Loose. The song was written by Furtado, Tim Timbaland Mosley, Nate Danja Hills, and Jim Beanz, the songs musical style and production were inspired by pop arrangements from the 1980s by bands such as Eurythmics and Hall & Oates. Furtado stated that Hall & Oates song of the name was an influence during the writing and recording of the song. The song received positive reviews music critics, most of them comparing the song to Madonna. Outside North America, Maneater became one of Furtados most popular singles, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and peaking within the top ten of the charts across much of Europe and Australia. It became a hit in North America but was less commercially successful than the lead single Promiscuous. The accompanying music video was filmed by American director Anthony Mandler in Los Angeles, Music on 6 September, and was given a First Look on MTVs Total Request Live on 8 September. The song was included on the setlist for Furtados third tour Get Loose Tour, Maneater was one of the first songs Furtado and Timbaland worked on in the Hit Factory Criteria recording studios in Miami, Florida. She has described the song as an analogy of how she incorporated the creative energy of Timbaland, when making the album, Furtado and Timbaland were influenced by the work of musicians from the 1980s such as Talking Heads, Blondie, Madonna, The Police and Eurythmics. Eurythmics had this spooky, keyboard-driven pop sound, Furtado said, final production of the track was delayed after a speaker caught fire in the studio control room. Furtado has characterized Maneater as a pop song, explaining that it is in your face and very fashionable, stylistic. In an interview with MTV News, she compared it favorably to eating too much cheesecake, Its got a loud beat. A lot of people say it sounds like Peaches, because of the delivery, according to Furtado, the song is related to how people become hot on themselves when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror. Truly has a life of its own, it makes you move, media sources compared it to the 1982 Hall & Oates single Maneater, which Furtado has cited as an influence on the song. Furtado recorded a remix of Maneater with rapper Lil Wayne, which was featured in a Timbalands compilation album Remix & Soundtrack Collection, the instrumental of this version was also used during many television performances of Maneater. In Australia, the CD was released in two formats, although one version had a limited run and was not widely available. Maneater is an electropop song that combines 1980s electro synths. The uptempo song has prominent rock and synthpop influences and is related to how people become hot on themselves when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror
26.
Say It Right
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Say It Right is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album Loose. The song released as the third single in North America. The song served as the fourth single in certain European and Asian countries. It was released digitally in the United Kingdom in March 2007 and it was the albums fifth single in Latin America. Say It Right attained worldwide success, topping the charts in more than seven countries, including the United States, France, New Zealand, the accompanying music video for the song, directed by Rankin & Chris, portrays Furtado singing in various costumes and in various locations. The song has performed on a number of live appearances by Furtado. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards but lost to Amy Winehouses Rehab. The process of creating the song began in the studio one morning at around 4,00 a. m. when Timbaland recommended that Furtado should go home because she was tired. Furtado, who had heard that the band U2 wrote many of their songs in the control room. Ill show you, put on her hoodie and began to jam, nate Hills and Timbaland soon joined her, writing and producing as they went, and according to Furtado, this process intensified as she sang. The team used four microphones in the room and moved them around during recording. It kind of sounds like in another country, afterwards, they picked the best vocals and perfected them, before inserting reverbs and weird alien sounds onto them. E experimented a lot with depth and different sounds, Furtado said of the making of the song, affected my vocals a whole lot. Say It Right is performed with a moderate groove and is written in F minor. It is set in time, in 4/4 count. Furtados vocal range spans from Ab3 to F5, Furtado has cited the spooky, keyboard-driven pop sound of the band Eurythmics, particularly their 1983 song Here Comes the Rain Again, as an influence on Say It Right and other tracks on Loose. Im not 100 percent sure what about, but it takes me away to another place. In fact the song deals with mystic or transcendental experiences as she explains in an interview in 2007 and it is a kind of a magical song
27.
All Good Things (Come to an End)
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All Good Things is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album Loose. It was written by Furtado, Tim Timbaland Mosley, Chris Martin, the song was released as the albums third European single in November 2006. It was released as the single in the United States. The single featured Chris Martin, frontman of the band Coldplay, the original version had him say a few words at the beginning, and sing the chorus behind Furtado. Critically, All Good Things was praised for having diversity in comparison to songs on Loose. Commercially, the song did well on the charts, reaching number-one in more than fifteen countries including Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany. All Good Things was conceived near the end of the recording of Loose, Furtado was at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards ceremony, which was held in Miami, Florida in August, when she bumped into her old friend Chris Martin, who had been performing with Coldplay. Furtado told Martin she was working with Timbaland on a new album, Timbaland had been listening to Coldplays album X&Y in the studio frequently the previous week, so Furtado agreed and invited Martin to The Hit Factory the following night. The song was reviewed favorably by critics, often comparing this song as a reminiscence to Furtados previous records.5 out of five stars, chuck Taylor of Billboard magazine wrote that the song is adventurous, hip, playful and enduring. Allmusics Stephan Thomas described the song as an ideal soundtracks to chill-out moments, the single reached number four in the United Kingdom. It reached number one in twenty countries, including Switzerland and Austria and it topped the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles — Furtados first number-one on the chart — and reached number five on the United World Tracks Chart. The song was released as the single from Loose in the U. S. A new mix of the song was released to radio on 10 April in the U. S. where it debuted at number ninety-nine on the Billboard Hot 100. The All Good Things video, directed by Gabriel Coss and Israel Lugo, was filmed in Puerto Rico and shot back-to-back with the video for Say It Right, the albums third single in North America. It features a story between Furtado and a male model, and Furtado is seen walking along a beach and into a forest. There are accompanying shots of the finding, and subsequently hanging from. The video includes flashbacks to when Furtado and the model were eating at the table, Furtado said that the video is very tropical and romantic and reminded her of videos for Sarah McLachlan singles, it has that element of art to it
28.
Mi Plan
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Mi Plan is the fourth studio album and the first Spanish-language album by Canadian recording artist Nelly Furtado. It was released on 11 September 2009 by Nelstar and Universal Music Latino, the album was produced primarily by Furtado with other contributions made by James Bryan, Lester Mendez, Salaam Remi, The Demolition Crew, Julieta Venegas and Brian West. Furtado described the songs on the album to be simple love songs, Mi Plan was generally well received by music critics, most applauding Furtados vocals. The album reached number one on the US Latin Billboard chart, the album won a Latin Grammy for Best Female Pop Vocal Album in 2010. The lead single from the album, Manos al Aire was released in June 2009, the song became Furtados first solo number one single on the US Billboard Top Latin Songs chart. She also became the first North American artist to top the chart with an original Spanish song, two further singles came from the album, Más, released in December 2009, and Bajo Otra Luz, released in June 2010. The album was supported by her 2010 Mi Plan Tour. A remix album was released in October 2010, featuring remixes of the singles, Furtado began working with guitarist and producer James Bryan on My Plan, for a possible English language album. She said she would try to write songs in English and then in Portuguese and she mentioned that fellow Canadian singer-songwriter Alex Cuba suggested that they try writing the lyrics in Spanish and then he would go on to write the melodies. After approving of the idea, she said that she, Cuba, Cuba then helped them pen more songs, including the title track, Mi Plan, and Manos al Aire. Mi Plan features Cuba on vocals, according to Cuba, the three got together five times between September 2008 and February 2009 and wrote nine songs, six of which made it onto the album. Furtado also worked with Julieta Venegas, who wrote the song Bajo Otra Luz and also contributed to another song called Vacación, altogether, Furtado wrote 24 Spanish-language songs,12 of which made the final track list. In an interview with the Associated Press, Furtado said that the album was a personal statement and she noted that her previous albums had songs that explored certain aspects of love, but theyre not really direct love songs and the songs on Mi Plan were more simple. She also claimed that she wanted to abandon the dance-pop vibe of her last record, Furtado explained that she decided she wanted to perform in Spanish because she did not follow commercial or sales trends and that the album was the next phase. The first track on the album is Manos al Aire, an uptempo dance-influenced track, during the chorus, she puts up the white flag and surrenders to him. Another song from the entitled, Bajo Otra Luz, Furtado proclaimed, is about when you are in a relationship. You feel like something is glowing on you and there is something different about the world and you can’t put your finger on it. The seventh track, Suficiente Tiempo, is a description of the life of an overworked wife who is trying to make time for a date night
29.
Latin Grammy Award
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A Latin Grammy Award is an award by The Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences to recognize outstanding achievement in the Latin music industry. The Latin Grammy honors works produced anywhere around the world that were recorded in either Spanish or Portuguese and is awarded in the United States. Submissions of products recorded in languages from Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula of Hispanophone or Lusophone countries such as Nahuatl, Catalán. Both the regular Grammy Award and the Latin Grammy Award have similar nominating and voting processes, the first annual Latin Grammys ceremony was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on September 13,2000. Broadcast by CBS, that first ceremony became the first primarily Spanish language primetime program carried on an English-language American television network, the most-recent ceremony, the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, was held on November 17,2016 at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. Since 2005, the awards are broadcast in the United States by the television network Univision, in 2013,9.8 million people watched the Latin Grammy Awards on Univision, making the channel a top-three network for the night in the U. S. The Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences was formed by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1997 and it was founded by Michael Greene and Producers & Songwriters Rudy Pérez & Mauricio Abaroa. Rudy Pérez was the Grammy Florida chapters first President of the Board, the concept of a separate Grammy Awards for Latin music began in 1989. According to organizers, the Latin Grammy Awards was established as the Latin music universe was deemed too large to fit on the Grammy Awards, the Latin Grammy Awards mainly focuses on music from Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the United States. In 2000, it was announced that the 1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards would take place at the Staples Center on September 13,2000, on July 7,2000, the nominations were announced in Miami, Florida, United States. The Latin Grammys were introduced with over 39 categories included limited to Spanish, the first telecast took place at the Staples Center and was broadcast. The following years show was canceled due to the September 11,2001 attacks, in 2002, the academy elected its first independent Board of Trustees. In 2005, the broadcast was moved from CBS to Univision where the whole telecast was in Spanish, voting members live in various regions in the US and outside of the US including Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. Products recorded in languages and dialects such as Catalan, Nahuatl, Quechua, Galician, Valencian, Mayan, for instrumental music, the Latin Recording Academy accepts recordings that have been composed or interpreted by an Iberian American musician. The eligibility period is July 1 to June 30 for an awards ceremony. Recordings are first entered and then reviewed to determine the awards they are eligible for, following that, nominating ballots are mailed to voting members of the academy. The votes are tabulated and the five recordings in each category with the most votes become the nominees, final voting ballots are sent out to voting members and the winners are determined. Winners are later announced at the Latin Grammy Awards, the current President & CEO of the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences is Gabriel Abaroa, who is related to Mauricio, one of the founders
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Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album
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Since its inception, the award category has had several name changes. In 2000 was known as Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, being awarded for singles or tracks, the following year onwards the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album was presented. The award has been presented to singers originating from Canada, Colombia, Italy, Puerto Rico, Spain, the award for Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 1st Latin Grammy Awards was earned by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira for the song Ojos Así. Shakira was also awarded Female Pop Vocal Album in 2006 for Fijación Oral Vol.1, in 2001, the award winners were announced at a press conference, since the 2nd Latin Grammy Awards were scheduled to take place on September 11,2001. Christina Aguilera received the award for her first Spanish language album Mi Reflejo, ^ Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year
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The Spirit Indestructible
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The Spirit Indestructible is the fifth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. The album was released on 14 September 2012, Furtado served as the executive producer for the album as well as a principal writer. Further production on The Spirit Indestructible comes from the likes of Darkchild, Salaam Remi, Mike Angelakos, Bob Rock, Fraser T Smith, Di Genius, The Demolition Crew, John Shanks, the third European single was Waiting for the Night. The album was nominated for the Juno Award for Pop Album of the Year in 2013, the Spirit Indestructible is Furtados first English language studio album since Loose. She began to work in 2009, just after the release of her Spanish album, Furtado worked with a variety of producers. She first worked with Salaam Remi, who produced tracks for her fourth album Mi Plan and she described his sound as classic, authentic and super soulful. While after she went in Jamaica to work on material with Di Genius on the track Dont Leave Me. By 2011, she collaborated with Darkchild, who produced the bulk of the album, Furtado spoke on working with him saying, I feel like a child in a playground, uninhibited and happy. The first track they worked on was Spirit Indestructible, which she called an ode to the spirit which resides in all of us and triumphs over anything. During her trip to Kenya for Free the Children, she met The Kenyan Boys Choir with whom she worked on a track called Thoughts produced by herself and it was also remixed by Tiësto and added to the deluxe edition of the album. Furtado described it as the perfect laidback track and shows the side of the DJ. By February 2012, via a TSI webisode, she worked with Bob Rock, from that session, Believers and End of the World made the final cut. She recorded around forty tracks for this album, and twenty two made the final cut, other songs considered for inclusion on the album but did not make the final cut are Alone, Lose, The Edge and Mystery—which she performed at a festival. Talking about the sessions, she stated, Its overall quite a simple, at times juvenile album that was very liberating to create. Following the introduction, she said that nostalgia is a theme of the album and it revisits her past in a fresh. Also, she included that she wrote the songs in intense personal growth, the first single, Big Hoops, is about finding strength and confidence in the size of her earrings. She is channeling her 14-year-old-self, as she talks about her love for hip-hop, the song is inspired by when Nelly took her big sisters hoop earrings and went with her friends to the mall and freestyled like they were already famous. She quotes lyrics from the likes of Boyz II Men, Brandy, ironically, Darkchild is responsible for the songs she loved when she was young, which she only realized later
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Juno Awards
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The Juno Awards are presented annually to Canadian musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. New members of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame are also inducted as part of the awards ceremonies, winners are chosen by either members of the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences or a panel of experts depending on the award. 9 out of 42 categories are based solely on sales figures, nominees are determined by CARAS members for Single of the Year, Artist and Group of the Year. Nominees are determined by a vote for the remaining categories who are experts in the relevant genre. The judges are experts in each genre of music. The names of the judges remains confidential and these judges represent all facets of the Canadian music industry, are spread across the country, and a mixture of males and females in both official languages. No person can judge the same two years in a row. Prior to the development of the formal Juno award ceremonies, RPM began polling its readers in 1964 to determine which artists, the results of these polls were announced through RPM each December. Record label owner Stan Klees met with RPM founder Walt Grealis to plan a formal ceremony for the music industry. Instead of merely publishing the results in RPM, presentations would be made at a physical venue. The first such ceremony was the Gold Leaf Awards which took place 23 February 1970 in Toronto, RPM invited its readers later that year to suggest a new name for these awards. The name Juneau was submitted, which represented Pierre Juneau, the first head of the Canadian Radio-Television Commission, Juneau was instrumental in establishing Canadian content regulations for broadcasters, to promote Canadian artists. That name became shortened to Juno and by 1971, the ceremonies would be referred to as the Juno Awards. From 1970 to 1973, winners were announced in RPM prior to the awards night, from 1974, the award winners were not made public until the Juno ceremonies. Music industry representatives formed a committee for the Junos in 1974 which became the Canadian Music Awards Association the following year. This organisation assumed full management and operation of the Juno Awards from 1977 and became the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts, the Junos were first televised throughout Canada in 1975 on CBC Television. Initially, the awards were conducted during the part of each year. In 1984, organisers postponed that years awards until December, a late-year scheduling was maintained until January 1988 when CARAS noted the declining viewership on the Juno broadcasts and reverted to an early-year awards schedule
33.
BRIT Award
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The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industrys annual pop music awards. The name was originally a form of British, Britain or Britannia. In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for music, called the Classic Brit Awards, is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards,13 as a solo artist, the awards originated as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industrys trade association, the BPI. In 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards, masterCard has been the long-term sponsor of the event. The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989, when Samantha Fox, in subsequent years, the event was recorded and broadcast the following night. From 2007, the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television, on 14 February on ITV. In that year, comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony, Best British Rock Act, Best British Urban Act, on 18 February 2009, the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court, London. The Brit Awards were held at The O2 in London for the first time in 2011, the Brit Award statuette given to the winners features Britannia, the female personification of Britain. The first awards ceremony was in 1977, as The BRITish Record Industry BRITannia Awards, there have been 36 editions to date. The 2016 Brit Awards was held on 24 February 2016, the 1988 BPI Awards was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on live television. The BBC had previously broadcast the ceremony from 1985, with the shows from 1982 to 1984 not broadcast on television, the BBC continued to broadcast the renamed BRIT Awards, live in 1989 and pre-recorded from 1990 to 1992. ITV have broadcast the awards since 1993, pre-recorded until 2006, BBC Radio 1 has provided backstage radio coverage since 2008. In 1987 the BPI Awards ceremony was held in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel, at the time there was a BBC electricians strike in effect, and the organisers decided to use a non-TV events production company, called Upfront, to manage the show. Despite the show being picketed, the event was transmitted as intended, for a while the outdoor broadcast scanner was rocked on its wheels by the protesters and they managed to shut off the power to one of the big GE video screen projectors. In 1989, the ceremony was broadcast live and presented by Fleetwood Macs Mick Fleetwood, the inexperience of the hosts, an ineffective autocue and little preparation combined to create an unprofessional show that was poorly received. The 1990 awards ceremony saw the last public appearance of Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, Queen appeared at the ceremony to receive the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Mercury did not make a speech, as Brian May did the talking on behalf of the other members, in 1992, dance/art band The KLF were awarded Best British Group and were booked to open the show
34.
MTV Europe Music Award
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The MTV Europe Music Awards is an event presented by MTV Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. Since 2007, the winners are chosen by the viewers and fans by visiting the EMAs website, the first EMAs ceremony was held in 1994 in Berlin, Germany. Though it was conceived as an alternative to the MTV Video Music Awards. The MTV Europe Music Awards are held every year in a different country and it has been hosted mostly in the United Kingdom. Since 2011 other worldwide/regional nominations have been added, the awards are presented annually and broadcast live on MTV Europe, MTV Live HD and most of the international MTV channels as well as online. 1994, The first MTV Europe Music Awards in 1994 were held on 24 November, George Michael performed Jesus To A Child and Freedom surrounded by many famous models including Naomi Campbell and Bono received the Free Your Mind Award on behalf of Amnesty International. 1995, French nuclear testing in the South Pacific got the most attention at the 1995 ceremony, during his acceptance speech after winning the award for Best Rock, Bon Jovi lead singer Jon Bon Jovi said, The only enemy is ignorance. Lets get rid of all nuclear testing. And U2s Bono said, What a city, what a night, what a crowd, what a bomb, what a mistake, stop abusing the earth, urged Madonna in a videotaped segment before designer agnès b. picked up the award for Greenpeace. 1996, During their performance Metallica performed the songs Last Caress, instead of performing their single King Nothing as scheduled. The song So What. is known for its amount of expletives and references to bestiality among many other controversial lyrics while Last Caress has lyrics pertaining to murder, as a result of their performance Metallicas performance and references to Metallica have been removed from future broadcasts of the ceremony. 1997, U2 opened the show performing Mofo dressed in boxing gowns,1998, On this year 6 new categories were introduced including the MTV Selects, UK and Ireland, Northern, Central and Southern. Faithless opened the show with God is a DJ and Madonna performed The Power of Goodbye, the big winners of the night were the Spice Girls and Madonna with two awards. Mel C, alias Sporty Spice, and Emma Bunton, known as Baby Spice, on receiving the award, Mel C shouted, Weve done it again. And a big hello from the two, she added, referring to Mel B and Victoria Adams, both of whom were pregnant and did not attend the ceremony at the Fila Forum in Milan. The Prodigy won the Best Dance award but according to their frontman, Liam Howlett, the Free Your Mind award, given to organisations helping with human rights, was given to Serbian radio station Radio B92 in Belgrade. 1999, Britney Spears was the big winner of the winning four awards. She also performed during the ceremony, entertaining the crowd with a medley of her hits. Baby One More Time, the other multiple winner was Boyzone, who nabbed two awards, for Best UK & Ireland Act and Best Album
35.
World Music Award
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The World Music Awards is an international awards show founded in 1989 under the high patronage of Albert II, Prince of Monaco and is based in Monte-Carlo. Awards are presented to the worlds best-selling artists in the various categories, sales figures are provided by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Nine awards are voted online by the public, the awards are gold-plated, each depicting an artist holding the world. Past Legend Award winners include, The Diamond World Music Award was created in 2001 to honor artists who have sold over 100 million records over the course of their careers, the awards were presented to Michael Jackson and Mariah Carey in the male and female artist award categories
36.
Canada's Walk of Fame
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Canadas Walk of Fame, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a walk of fame that acknowledges the achievements and accomplishments of successful Canadians. The first group of members was inducted in 1998, and to date 163 Canadians have been inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame. They rejected his idea, but he went on to establish a Walk of Fame for Canadians in partnership with Bill Ballard, Dusty Cohl and Gary Slaight. In spite of a lack of funds, research and no plan, they managed to succeed. Canadas Walk of Fame has since become a popular tourist attraction in Toronto and has named the number one Canadian recognition event. Canadas Walk of Fame accepts nominations for potential inductees from the year round. In 2000, prior to the introduction of the voting system, over 30,000 nominations were received via letters, fax. Now submissions are accepted on the official Canadas Walk of Fame website and thousands of nominations are received every year, following the Selection Committees evaluation, the nominees that meet all of the requirements are forwarded to the board of directors, who then select the inductees. The process differs greatly from that of the Hollywood Walk of Fame, while most celebrities on the Hollywood Walk of Fame are American or have achieved their fame in the United States, Canadas Walk of Fame is exclusive to Canadians. For someone to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, from there, the names are submitted to a nominating committee of five people, who pick 10–15 names to award stars to annually. Canadian stars are inducted in a group ceremony, while the Hollywood Walk of Fame rarely inducts more than two major stars at a time. Celebrities can have more than one star on the Hollywood Walk, new inductees are inducted annually at an unveiling ceremony where their star, a stylized maple leaf, is revealed. The first was held in 1998 and only four of the living inductees attended, Karen Kain, Norman Jewison, Barbara Ann Scott. The 2007 ceremony was held at Torontos Hummingbird Centre, was attended by all seven inductees and was hosted by Eugene Levy, past hosts include Trish Stratus, Tom Green, Jann Arden, Kurt Browning and Catriona Le May Doan. The ceremony was broadcast by CTV until 2008, beginning in 2009 the ceremony was broadcast by Global. The first ceremony on the network was hosted by Anne Murray while Howie Mandel hosted for the two years. Paul Shaffer hosted the event in 2012, established in 2008, the Cineplex Legends Award is posthumously awarded to Canadian pioneers in film, music, sport, arts, and innovation. Sponsored by Cineplex Entertainment, the first recipients of the award were siblings Norma, the award recipients are also given stars on the Walk of Fame
37.
President of Portugal
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The President of the Portuguese Republic is the executive head of state of Portugal. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the Prime Minister, the current President of Portugal is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who took office on 9 March 2016. The Portuguese Third Republic is a semi-presidential system, unlike several other European presidents, the Portuguese President is quite powerful. The president holds the nations most senior office, and outranks all other politicians, the Presidents greatest power is his/her ability to choose the Prime Minister. Prior to the Carnation Revolution, the powers of the presidency varied widely, some presidents were virtual dictators, while others were little more than figureheads. The president can dissolve the Assembly of the Republic, which implies the need to call for new elections and after the implementation of these. The President appoints the Prime Minister, given the election results and he can, however, dismiss the Government when this is necessary to ensure the smooth functioning of democratic institutions. Even the government bodies of the regions may be dissolved by the President. The President declares a state of siege and emergency upon consultation with the Government, at the proposal of the Government and with the authorization of the Parliament, the President can declare war in the event of actual or imminent aggression and can also propose peace. The President promulgates or vetoes the promulgation of laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees, in the area of his powers in international relations, the President of the Republic ratifies international treaties. The President decides on referendums put forth to him by Parliament, the president appoints ambassadors and special envoys, following proposal by the Government, and accredits the foreign diplomatic representatives. The President of the Republic, after consultation with the Government, pardons, the official residence of the Portuguese President is the Belém Palace. However, the round has only been needed once, during the 1986 presidential election. To date, all of the presidents since the Carnation Revolution have served for two consecutive terms, and presidents consistently rank as the most popular political figure in the country. The President of Portugal often makes official state visits to foreign countries. There are three living former Portuguese Presidents, List of Presidents of Portugal Politics of Portugal Official website
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Portuguese people
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Portuguese people are an ethnic group indigenous to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and their predominant religion is Christianity, Portuguese people were a key factor to the Age of Exploration, discovering several lands unknown to the Europeans in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania, helping to pave the way for Globalization. There are around 10 million native Portuguese in Portugal, out of a population of 10.34 million. A small minority of about 15,000 speak the Mirandese language, in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, all of the speakers are bilingual with Portuguese. An even smaller minority of no more than 2,000 people speak Barranquenho, some people from the former colonies have been migrating to Portugal since the 1900s. More recently, a number of Slavs, especially Ukrainians, Moldovans, Romanians and Russians. There is also a Chinese minority, in addition, there is a small minority Gypsies of about 40,000 people, Muslims about 34,000 people and an even smaller minority of Jews of about 5,000 people. Between 1886 and 1966, Portugal lost to more than any West European country except Ireland. From the middle of the 19th century to the late 1950s, about 40 million Brazilians have relatively recent Portuguese background, due to massive immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. About 1.2 million Brazilian citizens are native Portuguese, significant verified Portuguese minorities exist in several countries. Portuguese Sephardic Jews are also in Israel, the Netherlands, the United States, France, Venezuela, Brazil, in Brazil many of the colonists were also originally Sephardic Jews, who, converted, were known as New Christians. In the United States, there are Portuguese communities in New Jersey, the New England states, in the Pacific, Hawaii has a sizable Portuguese element that goes back 150 years, Australia and New Zealand also have Portuguese communities. Canada, particularly Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia, has developed a significant Portuguese community since 1940, argentina and Uruguay had Portuguese immigration in the early 20th century. So has Chile where an estimated 50,000 descendants live, an estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the countrys African possessions gained independence in 1975, after the Carnation Revolution, while others moved to Brazil and South Africa. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Equatorial Guinea, in 1989 some 4,000,000 Portuguese were living abroad, mainly in France, Germany, Brazil, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Canada, Venezuela, and the United States. Portuguese constitute 13% of the population of Luxembourg, in areas such as Thetford and the crown dependencies of Jersey and Guernsey, the Portuguese form the largest ethnic minority groups at 30% of the population, 20% and 3% respectively. The British capital London is home to the largest number of Portuguese people in the UK, with the majority being found in the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth and Westminster. The Portuguese diaspora communities still are very attached to their language, their culture and their national dishes, in colonial times, over 700,000 Portuguese settled in Brazil, and most of them went there during the gold rush of the 18th century
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Azores
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Its main industries are agriculture, dairy farming, livestock, fishing, and tourism, which is becoming the major service activity in the region. In addition, the government of the Azores employs a large percentage of the population directly or indirectly in the service, the main settlement of the Azores is Ponta Delgada. There are nine major Azorean islands and a cluster, in three main groups. These are Flores and Corvo, to the west, Graciosa, Terceira, São Jorge, Pico, and Faial in the centre, and São Miguel, Santa Maria, and they extend for more than 600 km and lie in a northwest-southeast direction. All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled, mount Pico, on the island of Pico, is the highest point in Portugal, at 2,351 m. The Azores are actually some of the tallest mountains on the planet, measured from their base at the bottom of the ocean to their peaks, which thrust high above the surface of the Atlantic. The climate of the Azores is very mild for such a location, being influenced by its distance to continents. Due to the influence, temperatures remain mild year-round. Daytime temperatures normally fluctuate between 16 °C and 25 °C depending on season, temperatures above 30 °C or below 3 °C are unknown in the major population centres. It is also generally wet and cloudy, the culture, dialect, cuisine, and traditions of the Azorean islands vary considerably, because these once-uninhabited and remote islands were settled sporadically over a span of two centuries. However, these kinds of structures have always used in the Azores to store cereals. Detailed examination and dating to authenticate the validity of these speculations is lacking and it is unclear whether these structures are natural or man-made and whether they predate the 15th-century Portuguese colonization of the Azores. Solid confirmation of a human presence in the archipelago has not yet been published. The islands were known in the century and parts of them appear in the Atlas Catalan. In 1427, a captain sailing for Henry the Navigator, possibly Gonçalo Velho, rediscovered the Azores, but this is not certain. In Thomas Ashes 1813 work, A History of the Azores, the author identified a Fleming, Joshua Vander Berg of Bruges and he stated that the Portuguese explored the area and claimed it for Portugal. Other stories note the discovery of the first islands by sailors in the service of Henry the Navigator, although there are few documents to support the claims. Although it is said that the archipelago received its name from the goshawk
40.
Soviet Union
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The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was nominally a union of national republics, but its government. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 and this established the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and started the Russian Civil War between the revolutionary Reds and the counter-revolutionary Whites. In 1922, the communists were victorious, forming the Soviet Union with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, following Lenins death in 1924, a collective leadership and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin suppressed all opposition to his rule, committed the state ideology to Marxism–Leninism. As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization which laid the foundation for its victory in World War II and postwar dominance of Eastern Europe. Shortly before World War II, Stalin signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany, in June 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured Berlin in 1945, the territory overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc. The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Soviet bloc confronted the Western states that united in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949. Following Stalins death in 1953, a period of political and economic liberalization, known as de-Stalinization and Khrushchevs Thaw, the country developed rapidly, as millions of peasants were moved into industrialized cities. The USSR took a lead in the Space Race with Sputnik 1, the first ever satellite, and Vostok 1. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, the war drained economic resources and was matched by an escalation of American military aid to Mujahideen fighters. In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost. The goal was to preserve the Communist Party while reversing the economic stagnation, the Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989 Soviet satellite countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist regimes. This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well, in August 1991, a coup détat was attempted by Communist Party hardliners. It failed, with Russian President Boris Yeltsin playing a role in facing down the coup. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states
41.
Nellie Kim
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Nellie Vladimirovna Kim is a retired Soviet gymnast who won three gold medals and a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and two gold medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Nellie Kim worked for a time as a coach, training several national teams. Her gymnastic appearances are remembered for her strong feminine, temperamental, Nellie Kim was born in Shurab, Tajik SSR, Soviet Union. She is the daughter of a Sakhalin Korean father, Vladimir Kim, later the family moved to Kazakh SSR, where her father worked in the Chimkent slate factory. At age 9, she entered Chimkent City Children and Youth Sports School 3 of the Spartak Sports Society, two other children in the family, her younger brother Alexander and her sister Irina, also entered a gymnastics school and trained for some time. Alexander was harassed by his classmates in the school for his small stature. Irina, whom Nellie Kim considered more talented than she herself was, Kims trainers were Vladimir Baidin and his wife, Galina Barkova. Initially, she did not have sufficient flexibility as compared with many of her fellow gymnasts, but she was able to compensate with superior technique. So she quickly became the best in Soviet gymnastics, one of Kims earliest successes was her victory in the republican Spartaks competition, held in Chimkent in 1969. Nevertheless, a year later she was said to have no future by celebrated gymnast Larisa Latynina, after that verdict, Kim was close to leaving gymnastics but persevered with support from Baidin. At the 1971 Junior USSR Championships, her first national competition, the national junior success, as well as senior national and international debuts followed two years later. After a second-place finish at the USSR Cup in August 1974, she was added to the roster for the World Championships, held in October. Afterwards, and until 1980, she competed in many top-level international events. Nellie Kims nickname among USSR teammates and team coaches was Kimanellie, which she earned, Nellie Kim became one of the main medal prospects for the upcoming Olympics and actual leader of the Soviet team after the 1975 Canadian Pre-Olympics Test competition. At the Test she placed second in the all-around to Nadia Comăneci, Larisa Latynina, who had already changed her opinion about Kim earlier, described her gymnastics style as sparkling and cheerful. She also cited a comment by Canadian newspapers about Kims performance, There are moments, however, although Nellie Kim also won the 1976 USSR Cup, beating such famous of her compatriots as Olga Korbut and Ludmilla Tourischeva, they were still considered leaders by the media. Even the Coach Council of the Soviet team failed to define her as the leader and that was a mistake recognized by Soviet experts later. At the 1976 Summer Olympics the rivalry between Nellie Kim and Nadia Comăneci became the point of the womens gymnastics competition
42.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
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