1.
Kansas City, Missouri
–
Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri
–
From top left: the
Liberty Memorial, the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kansas City skyline, the
Country Club Plaza,
Arrowhead Stadium, and
Kauffman Stadium
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features
Pony Express founder
Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder
John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman
Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Walnut Street, Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 1906.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City satellite map
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
3.
Art gallery
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An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection, the term is used for both public galleries, which are non-profit or publicly owned museums that display selected collections of art. On the other hand, private galleries refers to the commercial enterprises for the sale of art, however, both types of gallery may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere. In broad terms, in North American usage, the word gallery alone often implies a private gallery, the term contemporary art gallery refers usually to a privately owned for-profit commercial gallery. These galleries are found clustered together in large urban centers. Smaller cities are home to at least one gallery, but they may also be found in towns or villages. Contemporary art galleries are open to the general public without charge, however. They usually profit by taking a portion of art sales, from 25% to 50% is typical, there are also many non-profit or collective galleries. Some galleries in cities like Tokyo charge the artists a flat rate per day, curators often create group shows that say something about a certain theme, trend in art, or group of associated artists. Galleries sometimes choose to represent artists exclusively, giving them the opportunity to show regularly, a gallerys definition can also include the artist cooperative or artist-run space, which often operates as a space with a more democratic mission and selection process. A vanity gallery is an art gallery that charges fees from artists in order to show their work, the shows are not legitimately curated and will frequently or usually include as many artists as possible. Most art professionals are able to identify them on an artists resume, University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art that are developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in both the West and East, making it a global practice, although largely overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in America alone. This number, in comparison to other kinds of art museums, throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions and monarchs and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces. Although these collections of art were private, they were made available for viewing for a portion of the public. In classical times, religious institutions began to function as a form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects often donated their collections to temples and it is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. At the Palace of Versailles, entrance was restricted to wearing the proper apparel – the appropriate accessories could be hired from shops outside
Art gallery
–
The Louvre in
Paris,
France, is one of the world's largest museums and
the most visited art museum in the world.
Art gallery
–
The Gallery of
Cornelis van der Geest,
Willem van Haecht, 1628. A private picture gallery as an early precursor of the modern museum.
Art gallery
–
University of Tartu Art Museum is the oldest museum in
Estonia.
Art gallery
–
The art collection at the
Palace of Versailles in
France was periodically open for 'respectable' public viewing.
4.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited what we now call Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
Missouri
–
A physiographic map of Missouri.
Missouri
–
Flag
Missouri
–
The
Bell Mountain Wilderness of southern Missouri's
Mark Twain National Forest
Missouri
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External video
5.
Neoclassical architecture
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Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century. In its purest form, it is a style derived from the architecture of classical antiquity, the Vitruvian principles. In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro, Neoclassical architecture is still designed today, but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings. In Central and Eastern Europe, the style is referred to as Classicism. Many early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée, the many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullées ideas and Edmund Burkes conception of the sublime, the baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell, the book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book featured the work of Inigo Jones. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain, at the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic architect earl, Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladios Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and this severe lack of ornamentation was to be a feature of the Palladianism. In 1734 William Kent and Lord Burlington designed one of Englands finest examples of Palladian architecture with Holkham Hall in Norfolk, the main block of this house followed Palladios dictates quite closely, but Palladios low, often detached, wings of farm buildings were elevated in significance. This classicising vein was also detectable, to a degree, in the Late Baroque architecture in Paris. This shift was even visible in Rome at the redesigned façade for S, by the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s, in France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The style was adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden. A second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire, in France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the Louis XVI style, and the second in the styles called Directoire or Empire. The Scottish architect Charles Cameron created palatial Italianate interiors for the German-born Catherine II the Great in St. Petersburg, indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved an audience in the 1760s
Neoclassical architecture
–
The
Cathedral of Vilnius
Neoclassical architecture
–
Woburn Abbey, an excellent example of English Palladianism, designed by
Burlington's student
Henry Flitcroft in 1746.
Neoclassical architecture
–
Altes Museum, built by
Karl Friedrich Schinkel in
Berlin.
Neoclassical architecture
–
Château de Malmaison, 1800, room for the
Empress Joséphine, on the cusp between
Directoire style and
Empire style
6.
Asian art
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The history of Asian art, or Eastern art, includes a vast range of influences from various cultures and religions. Developments in Asian art historically parallel those in Western art, in general a few centuries earlier, Chinese art, Indian art, Korean art, Japanese art, each had significant influence on Western art, and, vice versa. Near Eastern art also had a significant influence on Western art, excluding prehistoric art, the art of Mesopotamia represents the oldest forms of Asian art. Balinese art is art of Hindu-Javanese origin that grew from the work of artisans of the Majapahit Kingdom, from the 16th until the 20th centuries, the village of Kamasan, Klungkung, was the centre of classical Balinese art. During the first part of the 20th century, new varieties of Balinese art developed, since the late twentieth century, Ubud and its neighboring villages established a reputation as the center of Balinese art. Ubud and Batuan are known for their paintings, Mas for their woodcarvings, Celuk for gold and silver smiths, eiseman correctly pointed out that Balinese art is actually carved, painted, woven, and prepared into objects intended for everyday use rather than as object d art. This groundbreaking period of creativity reached a peak in the late 1930s, a stream of famous visitors, including Charlie Chaplin and the anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead, encouraged the talented locals to create highly original works. During their stay in Bali in the mid-1930s, Bateson and Mead collected over 2000 paintings, predominantly from the village of Batuan, among western artists, Spies and Bonnet are often credited for the modernization of traditional Balinese paintings. From the 1950s onwards Baliese artists incorporated aspects of perspective and anatomy from these artists, more importantly, they acted as agents of change by encouraging experimentation, and promoted departures from tradition. The result was an explosion of expression that increased the rate of change in Balinese art. Buddhist art traveled with believers as the spread, adapted. It developed to the north through Central Asia and into Eastern Asia to form the Northern branch of Buddhist art, bhutanese art is similar to the art of Tibet. Both are based upon Vajrayana Buddhism, with its pantheon of divine beings, the major orders of Buddhism in Bhutan are Drukpa Kagyu and Nyingma. The former is a branch of the Kagyu School and is known for documenting the lineage of Buddhist masters. The Nyingma order is known for images of Padmasambhava, who is credited with introducing Buddhism into Bhutan in the 7th century, according to legend, Padmasambhava hid sacred treasures for future Buddhist masters, especially Pema Lingpa, to find. The treasure finders are also frequent subjects of Nyingma art, each divine being is assigned special shapes, colors, and/or identifying objects, such as lotus, conch-shell, thunderbolt, and begging bowl. All sacred images are made to specifications that have remained remarkably unchanged for centuries. Wall paintings and sculptures, in regions, are formulated on the principal ageless ideals of Buddhist art forms
Asian art
–
Kalachakra Dance Mask
Asian art
Asian art
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Ming Dynasty Xuande Archaic Porcelain Vase
Asian art
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" Deity " Zhong Kui the Demon Queller
7.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
Time (magazine)
–
The first issue of Time (March 3, 1923), featuring
Speaker Joseph G. Cannon.
Time (magazine)
–
Bibi Aisha on the Cover of Time.
Time (magazine)
–
Time Magazine red X covers: from left to right, Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and Osama bin Laden.
8.
The Kansas City Star
–
The Kansas City Star is a newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri, in the United States. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes, the Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry Truman and as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style. It was also central to government-mandated divestiture of radio and television outlets by newspaper concerns in the late 1950s, Kansas City Star is also the name of a song by the musician Roger Miller, released in 1965. The paper, originally called The Kansas City Evening Star, was founded September 18,1880, by William Rockhill Nelson, Morss quit the newspaper business within a year and a half because of ill health. At the time there were three daily competitors – the Evening Mail, The Kansas City Times and the Kansas City Journal. Competitor Times editor Eugene Field wrote this about the new newspaper, Twinkle, twinkle, little Star Bright and gossipy you are and he purchased the Kansas City Evening Mail in 1882. The paper name was changed to The Kansas City Star in 1885, Nelson started the Weekly Kansas City Star in 1890 and the Sunday Kansas City Star in 1894. In 1901 Nelson also bought the morning paper The Kansas City Times, Nelson announced the arrival of the 24 Hour Star. President Harry S. Truman worked two weeks in August 1902 in the mailroom, making $7.00 the first week, the paper was first printed on the second story of a three-story building at 407–409 Delaware. In 1881 it moved 14 W. 5th Street, in 1882 it moved to 115 W. 6th. In 1889 it moved to 804–806 Wyandotte, in 1911 it moved into its Jarvis Hunt-designed building at 18th and Grand. Nelson provided in his will that his newspaper was to support his wife and daughter, Ernest Hemingway was a reporter for the Star from October 1917 to April 1918. Pete Wellington with changing a wordy high-schoolers writing style into clear, throughout his lifetime he referred to this admonition from The Star Copy Style, the papers style guide, Use short sentences. Nelsons wife died in 1921, his daughter Laura Kirkwood died in a Baltimore hotel room in 1926 at the age of 43, lauras husband Irwin Kirkwood, who was editor of the paper, led the employee purchase. Kirkwood in turn died of an attack in 1927 in Saratoga Springs, New York. Stock in the company was distributed among other employees. Virtually all proceeds from the sale and remains of Nelsons $6 million personal fortune were donated to create the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art on the site of Nelsons home, both papers were purchased by the employees in 1926 following the death of Nelsons daughter. Editor Roy A. Roberts was to make the newspaper a major force in Kansas politics, Roberts joined the paper in 1909 and was picked by Nelson for the Washington bureau in 1915
The Kansas City Star
–
Type
The Kansas City Star
–
William Rockhill Nelson
The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star
–
The new printing plant which opened in June 2006. The headquarters is the red brick building on the lower right
9.
William Rockhill Nelson
–
William Rockhill Nelson was a real estate developer and co-founder of The Kansas City Star. He donated his estate for the establishment of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art and he was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. His father was Isaac De Groff Nelson and his mother was Elizabeth Rockhill, the daughter of William R. Rockhill, for a short time, Isaac Nelson owned The Sentinel newspaper, which became the. Nelson, as he was known for many years in Fort Wayne, was much more renowned as a nursey owner. His own estate, “Elm Park” was considered the showplace of Allen County, Nelson, as a 15-year-old attended the University of Notre Dame at the time for two years which he described as Botany Bay for bad boys. Notre Dame was reported to have asked that he not return and he was admitted to the bar in 1862 and was a campaign manager for Democratic Presidential nominee Samuel J. Tilden. Tilden told him, While it is a thing to lead armies, it is a greater thing to lead the minds of men Nelson attempted to run a store in Savannah, Georgia. The southern sojourn was to him the nickname “The Colonel” even though he never served in the military. William Allen White said later, Not that he was ever a colonel of anything. He was just coloneliferous, Nelson along with Samuel Morss formally took over the Sentinel in 1879. In 1880 they moved to Kansas City and started the Star, at the time there were three daily competitors – the Evening Mail, The Kansas City Times and the Kansas City Journal. Nelson took over ownership of the paper within a few months. ”He purchased the Kansas City Evening Mail in 1882 and started the Weekly Kansas City Star in 1890. Nelson had portraits of Tilden, Grover Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt in his office and was a crusading editor, Roosevelt was to stay with Nelson at Oak Hall. Nelson bought the Times in 1901 putting “The Morning Kansas City Star” on it, Nelson was described, From the bulbous torso, with its fawn-colored vest, black coat and short thick arms, a collar suddenly expanded. It was like no other collar ever made, it widened from the neckband to take in a steadily heavier neck, and almost triple chin and his face was square, his mouth a wide, firm indenture, his chin overcame those folds beneath and jutted like Vermont granite. His nose began abruptly and ended the same way, shaggy penthouses ruled over eyes which were really threatened by blindness, but which seemed to possess second-sight. His white hair was always rumpled, as if by pawing slaps from his fat hands and he had trouble getting into a chair and out of it. He would ask for something only once, Nelson lorded over the Kansas City political landscape. In one legendary encounter, Kansas City Mayor Joseph J. Davenport was thrown down a stairwell at the Star building by editors when he was believed to have physically threatened Nelson, Nelson said afterwards, The Star never loses
William Rockhill Nelson
–
William Rockhill Nelson
10.
Penn Valley Park
–
Penn Valley Park is an urban park overlooking Downtown Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri. The 176-acre park was developed in 1904 on land through which the Santa Fe Trail had passed and it contains several famous landmarks, The Scout and the United States official World War I museum with its Liberty Memorial. The grounds also feature such statues as the Pioneer Mother Memorial. The park has a lake, a fitness trail, tennis courts and ball fields and is a popular spot for concerts. Also features Kansas Citys first off-leash dog park and is the host park to both the Penn Valley skatepark located in the corner of the park and the Just Off Broadway Theatre. The Federal Reserves new regional headquarters building is located just East of the park
Penn Valley Park
–
Pioneer Mother statue by
Alexander Phimister Proctor portraying
Howard Vanderslice being carried as a baby to Kansas City.
11.
Wight and Wight
–
The brothers were born in Halifax, Nova Scotia and worked for McKim, Mead and White for 10 years. Thomas moved to Kansas City in 1904 and joined a firm with Edward T. Wilder, william joined the firm in 1911 and Wilder retired in 1916. The firm achieved its greatest in fame in the late 1920s, National Register of Historic Places include, Central National Bank, 701–703 Kansas Ave. Topeka, KS Harwelden,2210 S. Courthouse and Post Office-Kansas City, MO,811 Grand Blvd, Kansas City, MO Wyandotte County Courthouse,710 N. 7th St. Kansas City, KS One or more works in the South Liberty Courthouse Square Historic District,2 S. Kansas St. Liberty, MO The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, wolferman -1993 - University of Missouri Press ISBN 0-8262-0908-4 Kansas City Public Library Wight and Wight material
Wight and Wight
–
Nelson Atkins Museum (before the 2007 remodeling)
12.
Liberty Memorial
–
The National World War I Museum and Memorial of the United States is located in Kansas City, Missouri. Opened to the public as the Liberty Memorial museum in 1926, the Museum and Memorial are managed by a non-profit organization in cooperation with the Kansas City Board of Parks and Recreation Commissioners. The museum re-opened to the public in December 2006 with an expanded, the National World War I Museum tells the story of the Great War and related global events from their origins before 1914 through the 1918 Armistice and 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Visitors enter the space within the 32, 000-square-foot facility across a glass bridge above a field of 9,000 red poppies. The declared mission of the museum and memorial is to be dedicated to remembering, interpreting and understanding the Great War and its enduring impact on the global community. Soon after World War I ended, a group of 40 prominent Kansas City residents formed the Liberty Memorial Association to create a memorial to those who had served in the war. They chose lumber baron and philanthropist Robert A. Long, who had given a large sum of money. Others included, James Madison Kemper was treasurer of the association, for a short time in 1919 he was President of City Center Bank that was founded by his father, William T. Kemper. His brother, Rufus Crosby Kemper Sr. became president when he left to take over as president of Commerce Bancshares, jesse Clyde Nichols, a real estate developer, was a lead proponent of the Liberty Monument. William Volker, businessman and philanthropist, helped the city acquire the land for the memorial, george Kessler, designer of the landscaping at the memorial. There would not be the problems that plagued the Bunker Hill Monument in Boston a century earlier. The local veteran chosen to present flags to the commanders was a Kansas City haberdasher, Harry S. Truman, the finished monument was dedicated on November 11,1926, by President Coolidge, in the presence of Queen Marie of Romania. Coolidge announced that the memorial “. has not been raised to commemorate war and victory, today I return in order that I may place the official sanction of the national government upon one of the most elaborate and impressive memorials that adorn our country. The magnitude of this memorial, and the base of popular support on which it rests, can scarcely fail to excite national wonder and admiration. ”In 1935, bas reliefs by Walker Hancock of Jacques, Beatty, Diaz, Foch. In 1981-1982, corresponding to its 60th anniversary, the building revealed new exhibits under improved lighting sources, the memorial was closed in 1994 due to safety concerns, after aging revealed problems with drainage and the original construction. Local shopping malls voluntarily helped to put part of the collection on display while the memorial was unavailable. When the poor condition of the building became an embarrassment for the city, plans were also made at this time to expand the site with a museum to accommodate the LMAs growing collection. Local, national and international support provided $102 million for this undertaking, the year this was completed, Liberty Memorial was designated a National Historic Landmark
Liberty Memorial
–
National WWI Museum and Memorial
Liberty Memorial
–
Commemorative ceremonies at the Liberty Memorial, c. 1940
Liberty Memorial
–
The Great Frieze by
Edmond Amateis. Main inscription reads "These have dared bear the torches of sacrifice and service. Their bodies return to dust but their work liveth evermore. Let us strive on to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations."
Liberty Memorial
–
The logo of the new museum
13.
Kansas governor
–
The Governor of the State of Kansas is the head of state for the State of Kansas, United States. Under the Kansas Constitution, the Governor is also the head of government, serving as the executive of the Kansas executive branch. The Governor is the Commander-in-Chief of the Kansas National Guard when not called into Federal use, despite being an executive branch official, the Governor also possesses legislative and judicial powers. The office was created in 1861 when Kansas was officially admitted to the United States as the 34th state, prior to statehood in 1861, the office was preceded by a Presidential appointed Governor of Kansas Territory with similar powers. The 46th and current Governor of Kansas is Sam Brownback and his term began on January 11,2011. He succeeded Mark Parkinson, who began his term on April 28,2009 when Kathleen Sebelius resigned upon the US Senate vote confirming her as Secretary of Health and Human Services. A small part of Kansas was once claimed as part of the Republic of Texas (see List of Presidents of the Republic of Texas, Parties Democratic Independent Parties Democratic Populist Republican This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Kansas except where noted, * denotes those offices which the governor resigned to take. As of January 2017, there are five former U. S. governors of Kansas who are living at this time. The most recent U. S. governor of Kansas to die was John Anderson Jr. on September 15,2014. The most recently serving U. S. governor of Kansas to die was Joan Finney, elections occur at the same time as the Congressional midterm elections, and each term begins on the second Monday of January following the election. The lieutenant governor is subject to the limitations and runs on a combined ticket with the governor. If the governor becomes incapacitated, the lieutenant governor assumes the duties of the governor, however, if both offices become vacant, the line of succession is determined by the legislature. Under present law, the President of the Senate would be next in line to assume the governorship, since 1962, the Governor of Kansas has resided in the governors mansion, known as Cedar Crest. It was designed by the architect firm Wight and Wight and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Office of the Governor Kansas Government Information Online Library
Kansas governor
–
Incumbent
Sam Brownback since January 10, 2011
Kansas governor
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Flag of the Governor
14.
Cedar Crest (mansion)
–
The Kansas Governors Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. Built in 1928 and bequeathed to the state in 1955, it became the residence in 1962. Kansas did not have an official residence until 1901 when the state bought 801 Buchanan Street. The property was auctioned off in 1963, and the building was demolished in 1964, portions of the building including bay windows, an oak staircase and balcony were incorporated in the downtown Ramada Inn, which was built in another part of Topeka in 1964. MacLennan died in 1933, when his widow died in 1955, the gift included 244 acres of surrounding land to be used as a park. Since 1962 it has used as the governors residence. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, during the 1990s, the mansion underwent a $4.4 million refurbishment program
Cedar Crest (mansion)
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Cedar Crest
15.
Beaux-Arts architecture
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Beaux-Arts architecture expresses the academic neoclassical architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. The style of instruction that produced Beaux-Arts architecture continued without interruption until 1968. The Beaux-Arts style heavily influenced the architecture of the United States in the period from 1880 to 1920, in contrast, many European architects of the period 1860–1914 outside France gravitated away from Beaux-Arts and towards their own national academic centers. American architects of the Beaux-Arts generation often returned to Greek models, for the first time, repertories of photographs supplemented meticulous scale drawings and on-site renderings of details. Beaux-Arts training emphasized the production of quick conceptual sketches, highly finished perspective presentation drawings, close attention to the program, site considerations tended toward social and urbane contexts. In the façade shown to the right, Diana grasps the cornice she sits on in an action typical of Beaux-Arts integration of sculpture with architecture. A sense of appropriate idiom at the craftsman level supported the teams of the first truly modern architectural offices. The prestige of the École gave the style Beaux-Arts a second wind in combining the new manner with the traditional training and they were followed by an entire generation. Henry Hobson Richardson absorbed Beaux-Arts lessons in massing and spatial planning and his Beaux-Arts training taught him to transcend slavish copying and recreate in the essential fully digested and idiomatic manner of his models. Richardson evolved a personal style freed of historicism that was influential in early Modernism. The White City of the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago was a triumph of the movement, the Beaux-Arts curriculum was subsequently begun at Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. From 1916, the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design in New York City schooled architects, painters, bosworth, Carnegie Mellon University, designed by Henry Hornbostel, and the University of Texas, designed by Paul Philippe Cret. Beaux-Arts architecture also brought a civic face to the railroad, two of the best American examples of the Beaux-Arts tradition stand within a few blocks of each other, Grand Central Terminal and the New York Public Library. Another prominent U. S. example of the style is the largest academic dormitory in the world, in the late 1800s, during the years when Beaux-Arts architecture was at a peak in France, Americans were one of the largest groups of foreigners in Paris. Many of them were architects and students of architecture who brought this back to America. Beaux-Arts was very prominent in public buildings in Canada in the early 20th century, notably all three prairie provinces legislative buildings are in this style. Buenos Aires is a center of Beaux-Arts architecture which continued to be built as late as the 1950s, national Theatre, Melbourne General Post Office building, Forrest Place, Perth Argus Building. Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York, A Photographic Guide United States, sixteenth Street Architecture – profiles of Beaux-Arts architecture in Washington D. C
Beaux-Arts architecture
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The
Palais Garnier (1861-75), an example of
Second Empire Beaux Arts style, typically employing
Neo-Baroque decorative elements
Beaux-Arts architecture
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Farmer Palace in
Kazan,
Russia
Beaux-Arts architecture
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The
San Francisco War Memorial Opera House of 1932, among the last major American buildings constructed in the Beaux-Arts style
Beaux-Arts architecture
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Beaux-Arts building decoration presenting images of the Roman
goddesses Pomona and
Diana. Note the naturalism of the postures and the
channeled rustication of the stonework.
16.
Cleveland Museum of Art
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The Cleveland Museum of Art is an art museum located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on Clevelands east side. Internationally renowned for its holdings of Asian and Egyptian art. The museum has remained true to the vision of its founders, keeping general admission free to the public. With about 598,000 visitors annually, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world, for the benefit of all people, forever. The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington and Horace Kelley. The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble, Beaux-Arts building was constructed on the edge of Wade Park. Wade Park and the museum were designed by the architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes. The 75-acre green space takes its name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, the museum opened its doors to the public on June 6,1916, with Wades grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming it, for the benefit of all people, forever. Wade, like his grandfather, had a great interest in art and served as the museums first vice-president, today, the park, with the museum still as its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places. In March 1958, the first addition to the building opened and this addition, which was on the north side of the original building, was designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Hayes and Ruth and consisted of new gallery space and a new art library. The museum again expanded in 1971 with the opening of the North Wing, the museums main entrance now shifted to the North Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls shifted into the North Wing, allowing this space in the Original Building to be turned into gallery space. In 1983, a West Wing, designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson and this provided larger library space, as well as nine new galleries. Between 2001 and 2012, the 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished, designed by Rafael Viñoly, this $350 million project doubled the museums size to 592,000 square feet. Viñoly covered the space created by the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium, the east wing opened in 2009, and the north wing and atrium in 2012. The West Wing opened on January 2,2014, the museums building and renovation project, Building for the Future, began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 at projected costs of $258 million. The $350 million project—two-thirds of which was earmarked for the renovation of the original 1916 structure—added two new wings, and was the largest cultural project in Ohios history. The new east and west wings, as well as the enclosing of the courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, have brought the museums total floor space to 592,000 square feet
Cleveland Museum of Art
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The Cleveland Museum of Art
Cleveland Museum of Art
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View of the museum from the steps of the
Euclid Avenue entrance to Wade Park, overlooking the Lagoon. Seen in the foreground is Frank Jirouch's 1928 bronze sculpture, Night Passing the Earth to Day.
Cleveland Museum of Art
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Northern entrance, showing the 1971 Marcel Breuer expansion.
Cleveland Museum of Art
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Inside the museum's atrium, which opened in 2012
17.
Charles Keck
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Charles Keck was an American sculptor from New York City, New York. Keck studied at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League of New York with Philip Martiny and he also attended the American Academy in Rome. In 1921 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and he is best known for his monuments and architectural sculpture. His interment was located at Fishkill Rural cemetery, over a thousand of the plaques were cast and they are spread unevenly all over the United States. In 1931, Keck completed the Great Seals of the Commonwealth of Virginia which had been commissioned by the Commonwealth, the obverse of the seal is still used to this day and appears on the state flag
Charles Keck
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Statue of
James B. Duke in
Duke University, 1935
Charles Keck
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Fauns at Play 1934,
Brookgreen Gardens
Charles Keck
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Statue of
Andrew Jackson in front of
Jackson County Courthouse (Kansas City, Missouri), 1934
18.
Westport Landing
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The River Market is a riverfront neighborhood in Kansas City, Missouri that comprises the first and oldest incorporated district in Kansas City. River Market stretches north of the downtown Interstate 70 loop to the Missouri River, and is bordered by the Buck ONeil Bridge on the west, the area encompasses the location in which Kansas City was first founded. The market name comes from its open air farmers market. McCoy was to lead a group of settlers to create the Town of Kansas in the neighborhood in 1850 which in turn became the City of Kansas in 1853, trozzolos vision was to make this neighborhood a destination for restaurants and bohemian shops. The City Market area when previously known as River Quay, was the site of many mob activities, including car bombs, the large riverfront warehouses have become increasingly developed into residential lofts, restaurants, bars, shops, cafes, and ethnic markets. In addition, there are more than 40 full-time tenants that are open year round and offering a mix of independently owned shops. The Arabia Steamboat Museum at 400 Grand Blvd, displays thousands of artifacts from a steamboat and its cargo that sunk nearby in 1856 and was recovered in 1987-88. The museum is among Kansas Citys popular tourist attractions, the current manager of the actual market on behalf of the City of Kansas City is KC Commercial Realty Group. Downtown Neighborhood Association Kansas City is the neighborhood association for the River Market neighborhood. List of neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City River Market Arabia Steamboat Museum KansasCity. com Downtown Neighborhood Association KC Police Memorial History Kansas City Star article
Westport Landing
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Entrance to the City Market farmer's market at Walnut Street & West 5th Street in Kansas City's River Market district
Westport Landing
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Farmers and their produce at the City Market, c. 1950.
Westport Landing
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Steamboat Arabia Museum.
19.
Brush Creek (Blue River)
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Brush Creek is a 10. 5-mile-long stream that runs from Johnson County, Kansas, through Jackson County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Blue River, and by the Blue, Brush Creek begins near West 80th Street and Lamar Avenue in Overland Park, Kansas, and drains to the Blue River at Blue Banks Avenue and Hardesty Avenue in Kansas City. Brush Creek was named for the brush once lining its course, the Battle of Westport, the biggest battle in the American Civil War west of the Mississippi River, was fought on either side of it. The Country Club Plaza is built on the banks of the creek, the expansive lawn of Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art runs from the steps of the museum down to the creek. Attempts to control flooding on the creek by paving it with concrete produced by companies owned by Boss Thomas Pendergast were a scandal in the 1930s, heavy rainfall in September 1977 resulted in Brush Creek flooding the Plaza with 5 to 6 feet of water. The next stream westward, Turkey Creek on the Kansas side, twenty-five people died in the flood, and damage exceed $66 million. Kansas City, Missouri, has a storm water and sanitary sewer system. During heavy rains, sewage from the sanitary sewer can overflow into the storm sewer, several waterways, including Brush Creek, are posted with signs discouraging contact with the water after rain. Because of this, one nickname for this stream is Flush Creek. As part of a settlement with the EPA, Kansas City has started a 25-year, $2.5 billion project to improve the sanitary and storm sewers. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Brush Creek
Brush Creek (Blue River)
–
Brush Creek flowing through
Kansas City, Missouri
Brush Creek (Blue River)
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Brush Creek in the Country Club Plaza
20.
Kansas City Art Institute
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The Kansas City Art Institute is a private, independent, four-year college of fine arts and design founded in 1885 in Kansas City, Missouri. It has about 75 faculty members and some 600 students, the school started in 1885 when art enthusiasts formed the Sketch Club with the purpose of talking over art matters in general and to judge pictures. Meetings were originally in private homes and then moved to the Deardorf Building at 11th, the club had its first exhibition in 1887 and 12 benefactors stepped forward to form the Kansas City Art Association and School of Design. A Wight and Wight addition was added to the building, the residence was later renamed Vanderslice Hall and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with another building on the campus—Mineral Hall. The campus has expanded to 15 acres. In 1935 painter Thomas Hart Benton left New York City to teach at the school, among the artists Benton influenced as a teacher at KCAI were Frederic James, Margot Peet, Jackson Lee Nesbitt, Roger Medearis, Glenn Gant, and Delmer J. Yoakum. Though Benton brought attention to the Art Institute, he was dismissed in 1941 after making disparaging references to, as he claimed, the excessive influence of homosexuals in the art world. In 1977, the Kansas City Renaissance Festival was founded as a benefit for the school, in 1992 the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art opened on the west side of the campus. On the occasion of its 130th anniversary in 2015, the Kansas City Art Institute received a donation of $25 million
Kansas City Art Institute
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Entrance from the west showing Vanderslice Hall.
Kansas City Art Institute
–
Mineral Hall at Kansas City Art Institute.
21.
Great Depression
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, in most countries it started in 1929 and it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, after a fall in stock prices that began around September 4,1929. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%, by comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s, however, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. The Great Depression had devastating effects in both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%, unemployment in the U. S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries, farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time, john D. Rockefeller said These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come, prosperity has always returned and will again. The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April and this was still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929. Together, government and business spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom had suffered losses in the stock market the previous year. In addition, beginning in the mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U. S, by mid-1930, interest rates had dropped to low levels, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment were depressed. By May 1930, automobile sales had declined to below the levels of 1928, prices in general began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930
Great Depression
–
Dorothea Lange 's
Migrant Mother depicts destitute
pea pickers in
California, centering on
Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in
Nipomo, California, March 1936
Great Depression
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USA annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted.
Great Depression
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Crowd gathering at the intersection of
Wall Street and Broad Street after the
1929 crash
Great Depression
–
Crowds outside the
Bank of United States in New York after its failure in 1931
22.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
–
Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
23.
The Thinker
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The Thinker is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal. The work shows a male figure of over life-size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought and is often used as an image to represent philosophy. Rodin first conceived the figure as part of work in 1880. Originally named The Poet, The Thinker was initially a figure in a commission, begun in 1880. Rodin based this on The Divine Comedy of Dante, and most of the figures in the work represented the main characters in the epic poem. The sculpture is nude, as Rodin wanted a heroic figure in the tradition of Michelangelo and this detail from the Gates of Hell was first named The Thinker by foundry workers, who noted its similarity to Michelangelos statue of Lorenzo de Medici called Il Penseroso. Rodin decided to treat the figure as an independent work, at a larger size, the figure was designed to be seen from below, and is normally displayed on a fairly high plinth, though the heights chosen by the various owners for these vary considerably. The Thinker has been cast in multiple versions and is found around the world, about 28 monumental-sized bronze casts of the sculpture are in museums and public places. In addition, there are sculptures of different study size scales, some newer castings have been produced posthumously and are not considered part of the original production. Rodin made the first small plaster version around 1880, the first large-scale bronze casting was finished in 1902 but not presented to the public until 1904. It became the property of the city of Paris thanks to a subscription organized by Rodin admirers, in 1922, it was moved to the Hôtel Biron, which had been transformed into the Rodin Museum. The first cast sculpture can be found in front of Grawemeyer Hall on the University of Louisville Belknap Campus in Louisville, made in Paris, it was first displayed at the St. Louis Worlds Fair in 1904 and was then given to the city. This sculpture was the only cast created by the casting method. Gerald Cantor Collection, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which material on The Thinker The Penseur. Link to The Thinker at the official Web site of the Musée Rodin, the Thinker Inspiration, Analysis and Critical Reception The Thinker project, Munich. Discussion of the history of the casts of this artwork. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University, Object Number 1988.106, bronze cast No
The Thinker
–
Le Penseur in the garden of the
Rodin Museum,
Philadelphia
The Thinker
–
The Thinker in
The Gates of Hell at the
Musée Rodin
The Thinker
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Rear view,
Tokyo
The Thinker
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Signature of A. Rodin on a cast at Columbia University, NYC
24.
Steven Holl
–
Steven Holl is a New York-based American architect and watercolorist. Holl was born on December 9,1947 and grew up in Bremerton and Manchester, Holl graduated from the University of Washington and pursued architecture studies in Rome in 1970. In 1976, he attended school at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London. For ten years after moving to New York, Holl lived above his office in an apartment without hot water, Steven Holl leads his 40-person office with partners Chris McVoy and Noah Yaffe. Holl has taught at Columbia University since 1981, the shift came about partly due to his interest in the writings of philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty and architect-theorist Juhani Pallasmaa. In 1998 Holl was awarded the prestigious Alvar Aalto Medal, in 2000, Holl was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In July 2001, Time named Holl America’s Best Architect, for buildings that satisfy the spirit as well as the eye, brunner Prize in Architecture from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the 2008 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Arts category. In 2007, Steven Holl Architects received the AIA Institute Honor Award, the Higgins Hall Insertion at Pratt Institute and the New Residence at the Swiss Embassy both received the AIA New York Chapter Architecture Honor Award in 2007. In 2010, Herning Museum of Contemporary Art, was awarded the RIBA International Award, the Horizontal Skyscraper-Vanke Center received the 2011 AIA Institute National Honor Award, as well as the AIA NY Honor Award. In 2011, he was named a Senior Fellow of the Design Futures Council, and Holl was named the 2012 AIA Gold Medal winner. In 2014, Holl was awarded the Praemium Imperiale Prize for Architecture, in 2016, Holl was named the 2016 laureate for The Daylight and Building Component Award for Daylight in Architecture. Holl is a professor at Columbia University, where he has taught since 1981. He frequently teaches on the relationship between music and architecture, Holl won first prize in the Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek International Library Design Competition in 1988, an expansion and renovation of the American Memorial Library in Berlin. In February,1989 Holls work was exhibited in a show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. MoMA later purchased works by Holl for the museums permanent collection. In the 1992 competition for a new contemporary arts museum in Helsinki, Finland, Holls entry, entitled Chiasma, the museum opened to the public in 1998, having permanently adopted the name Kiasma, the Finnish translation of chiasma. New green campus quadrangles were formed to the north, west, and south, the plan of the chapel won a design award in the American Institute of Architects of New York. Holl designed the Chapel to symbolize seven bottles of light in a stone box, each volume represents a different part of Jesuit Catholic worship, and has differently colored glass so that various parts of the building are marked out by colored light
Steven Holl
–
Architect Steven Holl on the second-floor balcony in 2008
Steven Holl
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Kiasma, Helsinki, 1993-1998
Steven Holl
–
Steven Holl's design for Simmons Hall of
MIT won the
Harleston Parker Medal in 2004.
Steven Holl
–
Bloch Addition to the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
25.
Isamu Noguchi
–
Isamu Noguchi was an American artist and landscape architect whose artistic career spanned six decades, from the 1920s onward. His work lives on around the world and at the Noguchi Museum in New York City, Yone had ended his relationship with Gilmour earlier that year and planned to marry The Washington Post reporter Ethel Armes. After proposing to Armes, Yone left for Japan in late August, settling in Tokyo and awaiting her arrival, their engagement fell through months later when she learned of Léonie, in 1906, Yone invited Léonie to come to Tokyo with their son. She at first refused, but growing anti-Japanese sentiment following the Russo-Japanese War eventually convinced her to take up Yones offer, the two departed from San Francisco in March 1907, arriving in Yokohama to meet Yone. Upon arrival, their son was given the name Isamu. However, Yone had married a Japanese woman by the time they arrived, after again separating from Yone, Léonie and Isamu moved several times throughout Japan. In 1912, while the two were living in Chigasaki, Isamus half-sister, pioneer of the American Modern Dance movement Ailes Gilmour, was born to Léonie, here, Léonie had a house built for the three of them, a project that she had the 8-year-old Isamu oversee. Nurturing her sons artistic ability, she put him in charge of their garden, however, they moved once again in December 1917 to an English-speaking community in Yokohama. In 1918, Noguchi was sent back to the U. S. for schooling in Rolling Prairie, after graduation, he left with Dr. Edward Rumely to LaPorte, where he found boarding with a Swedenborgian pastor, Samuel Mack. Noguchi began attending La Porte High School, graduating in 1922, during this period of his life, he was known by the name Sam Gilmour. As one of Borglums apprentices, Noguchi received little training as a sculptor, his tasks included arranging the horses and he did, however, pick up some skills in casting from Borglums Italian assistants, later fashioning a bust of Abraham Lincoln. At summers end, Borglum told Noguchi that he would never become a sculptor and he then traveled to New York City, reuniting with the Rumely family at their new residence, and with Dr. Rumelys financial aid enrolled in February 1922 as a premedical student at Columbia University. Another influence was his mother, who in 1923 moved from Japan to California, in 1924, while still enrolled at Columbia, Noguchi followed his mothers advice to take night classes at the Leonardo da Vinci Art School. The schools head, Onorio Ruotolo, was impressed by Noguchis work. Only three months later, Noguchi held his first exhibit, a selection of plaster and terracotta works and he soon dropped out of Columbia University to pursue sculpture full-time, changing his name from Gilmour to Noguchi. After moving into his own studio, Noguchi found work through commissions for portrait busts, during this time, he frequented avant garde shows at the galleries of such modernists as Alfred Stieglitz and J. B. Neuman, and took a particular interest in a show of the works of Romanian-born sculptor Constantin Brâncuși, in late 1926, Noguchi applied for a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was awarded the grant despite being three years short of the age requirement, Noguchi arrived in Paris in April 1927 and soon afterward met the American author Robert McAlmon, who brought him to Constantin Brâncușis studio for an introduction
Isamu Noguchi
–
Isamu Noguchi, 1941
Isamu Noguchi
–
The Garden of Peace,
UNESCO headquarters,
Paris. Donated by the Government of Japan, this garden was designed by Isamu Noguchi in 1958 and installed by Japanese gardener Toemon Sano.
Isamu Noguchi
–
Heimar, 1968, at the Billy Rose Sculpture Garden,
Israel Museum,
Jerusalem,
Israel
Isamu Noguchi
–
The Cry, 1959,
Kröller-Müller Museum Sculpture Park,
Otterlo,
Netherlands
26.
New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
New York Times
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A speech in the newsroom after announcement of
Pulitzer Prize winners, 2009
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John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
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The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is a performing arts center located on the Potomac River, adjacent to the Watergate complex in Washington, D. C. The Center, which opened September 8,1971, is a multi-dimensional facility, both an enduring memorial to John F. Now in its 45th season, the Center presents the greatest examples of music, dance and theater, supports artists in the creation of new work and it is both the nations public memorial to President John F. Kennedy and the national center for the performing arts. Its activities include educational and outreach initiatives, almost entirely funded through sales and gifts from individuals, corporations. The building, designed by architect Edward Durell Stone, was constructed by Philadelphia contractor John McShain and it receives annual federal funding to pay for its maintenance and operation. The Library of Congress added an auditorium, but it had restrictions on its use. A congressional resolution in 1938 called for construction of a building which shall be known as the National Cultural Center near Judiciary Square. In 1950, the idea for a national theater resurfaced when U. S, representative Arthur George Klein of New York introduced a bill to authorize funds to plan and build a cultural center. The bill included provisions that the center would prohibit any discrimination of cast or audience, in 1955, the Stanford Research Institute was commissioned to select a site and provide design suggestions for the center. From 1955 to 1958, Congress debated the idea amid much controversy and this was the first time in history that the federal government helped finance a structure dedicated to the performing arts. The legislation required a portion of the costs, estimated at $10–25 million, Edward Durell Stone was selected as architect for the project in June 1959. He presented preliminary designs to the Presidents Music Committee in October 1959, along with estimated costs of $50 million, by November 1959, estimated costs had escalated to $61 million. The National Cultural Center was renamed the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 1964, the National Cultural Center Board of Trustees, a group Eisenhower established January 29,1959, led fundraising. Fundraising efforts were not successful, with only $13,425 raised in the first three years, President John F. Kennedy was interested in bringing culture to the nations capital, and provided leadership and support for the project. In 1961, President Kennedy asked Roger L. Stevens to help develop the National Cultural Center, Stevens recruited First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy as Honorary Chairman of the Center, and former First Lady Mamie Eisenhower as co-chairman. The total cost of construction was $70 million, Congress allocated $43 million for construction costs, including $23 million as an outright grant and the other $20 million in bonds. Donations also comprised a significant portion of funding, including $5 million from the Ford Foundation, other major donors included J. Willard Marriott, Marjorie Merriweather Post, John D. Rockefeller III, and Robert W. Woodruff, as well as many corporate donors. Foreign countries provided gifts to the Kennedy Center, including a gift of 3,700 tons of Carrara marble from Italy from the Italian government, President Lyndon B. Johnson dug the ceremonial first-shovel of earth at the groundbreaking for the Kennedy Center December 2,1964
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
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Kennedy Center seen from the
Potomac River
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
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The Kennedy Center as seen from the air. A portion of
the Watergate complex can be seen at the left
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
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Bust of John F. Kennedy by
Robert Berks located opposite the entrance to the Opera House in the Center
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
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Flags in the Hall of States
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