1.
Carson City, Nevada
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Carson City, officially the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, is an independent city and the capital of the US state of Nevada, named after the mountain man Kit Carson. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,274, the majority of the population of the town lives in Eagle Valley, on the eastern edge of the Carson Range, a branch of the Sierra Nevada, about 30 miles south of Reno. The town originated as a stopover for California bound emigrants, but developed into a city with the Comstock Lode, a silver strike in the mountains to the northeast. The city has served as the capital of Nevada since statehood in 1864 and for much of its history was a hub for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, prior to 1969, Carson City was the county seat of Ormsby County. In 1969, the county was abolished, and its territory was merged with Carson City to form the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, with the consolidation, the city limits today extend west across the Sierra Nevada to the California state line in the middle of Lake Tahoe. Like other independent cities in the United States, it is treated as a county-equivalent for census purposes, the first European Americans to arrive in what is known as Eagle Valley were John C. Frémont and his party in January 1843. Fremont named the river flowing through the valley Carson River in honor of Kit Carson, prior to the Fremont expedition, the Washoe people inhabited the valley and surrounding areas. Settlers named the area Washoe in reference to the tribe, by 1851 the Eagle Station ranch located along the Carson River served as a trading post and stopover for travelers on the California Trails Carson Branch which ran through Eagle Valley. The valley and trading post received their name from an eagle that was hunted and killed by one of the early settlers and was featured on a wall inside the post. As the area was part of the Utah Territory, it was governed from Salt Lake City, early settlers bristled at the control exerted by Mormon-influenced officials and desired the creation of the Nevada territory. A vigilante group of settlers, headed by Abraham Curry. In 1858, Abraham Curry bought Eagle Station and thereafter renamed the settlement Carson City, as Curry and several other partners had Eagle Valley surveyed for development. Curry had decided for himself that Carson City would someday serve as the capital city, following the discovery of gold and silver in 1859 on the nearby Comstock Lode, Carson Citys population began to rise. Curry built the Warm Springs Hotel a mile to the east of the center of town, as such, Carson City bested Virginia City and American Flat. Curry loaned the Warm Springs Hotel to the territorial Legislature as a meeting hall, the Legislature named Carson City to be the seat of Ormsby County and selected the hotel as the territorial prison with Curry serving as its first warden. Today the property serves as part of the state prison. When Nevada became a state in 1864 during the American Civil War, Carson Citys development was no longer dependent on the mining industry and instead became a thriving commercial center
2.
Nevada
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Nevada is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, nearly three-quarters of Nevadas people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the states four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the Battle Born State, because it achieved statehood during the Civil War, as the Sage-brush State, for the plant of the same name. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe, about 86% of the states land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U. S. federal government, both civilian and military. Before European contact, Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, the first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada because of the snow covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31,1864, as the second of two added to the Union during the Civil War. Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws, in 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century, Nevada is the only U. S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in Clark County, Washoe County and Carson City. The tourism industry remains Nevadas largest employer, with mining continuing as a sector of the economy. The name Nevada comes from the Spanish nevada, meaning snow-covered, most Nevadans pronounce the second syllable of their state name using the vowel of trap. Many from outside the Western United States pronounce it with the vowel of father, although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation preferred by most Nevadans. State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson proposed a bill to recognize the alternate pronunciation of Nevada, though the bill was not supported by most legislators, the Nevadan pronunciation is the de facto official one, since it is the one used by the state legislature. Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province, and is broken up by many mountain ranges
3.
Nevada State Capitol
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The Nevada State Capitol is the capitol building of the U. S. state of Nevada. It is located in the capital of Carson City at 101 North Carson Street. The building was constructed in the Neoclassical Italianate style between 1869 and 1871 and it is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is also Nevada Historical Marker number 25, abraham Curry, the founder of Carson City, reserved an area equivalent to four city blocks at the center of the town for the future state capitol. When the Capitol building was constructed, it was located on the plaza, which had, some ten or eleven years earlier, been designated for it. The act to provide for the erection of a State Capitol was passed by the Nevada Legislature, the Board of Capitol Commissioners received bids of $84,000 to $160,000 for construction and they chose the lowest bid, submitted by Peter Cavanaugh and Son of Carson City. The 1869 act authorized $100,000 for construction, with money to come from a tax levy. To reduce costs, the sandstone was obtained free of charge from the Nevada State Prison quarry. In spite of this, the construction costs increased to some $170,000, the cornerstone was laid on June 9,1870. A brass box that served as a capsule was deposited in the stone. The cornerstone was a block of sandstone, laid on top of blocks which contained the capsule. The capsule was inspected and returned to the location during reconstruction in the 1979–81 period. The fourth session of the legislature met in the still-incomplete building at the beginning of 1871. Construction was completed by May 1,1871, several of the architects original drawings are preserved in the state archives. The original building was cruciform, with a central rectangle 76 feet wide by 85 feet deep and it had two wings, each 35 feet wide by 52 feet deep. The windows glass panes are made of 26-ounce French crystal, as are those above the doors, floors and wainscotting are of Alaskan marble, shipped to San Francisco in 20-ton blocks and there cut and polished for installation. The first floor contained an office at each corner connected by central halls. The octagonal dome topped with a cupola admitted light to the second story, during 1906, an octagonal Annex was added to the rear of the capitol to house the State Library
4.
North Las Vegas, Nevada
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North Las Vegas is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, located in the Las Vegas Valley. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 216,961, the city was incorporated on May 16,1946. It is located in the Las Vegas–Paradise, NV MSA and is the fourth largest city in the state of Nevada, located in the southwestern United States in the Mojave Desert, North Las Vegas sits north and east of Las Vegas. According to the United States Census Bureau, North Las Vegas has an area of 101.4 square miles, of which 0.04 square miles. In the Las Vegas Valley, several mountain ranges are nearby, due to its location within the Mojave Desert, North Las Vegas has a desert climate. Temperatures are generally mild in the winter and hot in the summer, like most of the hot deserts of the United States, snowfall only occurs once every few years on average. In winter, temperatures fall below freezing. In the summer, monsoons can reach the area, bringing heavy rain, at the census of 2010, there were 216,961 people residing in North Las Vegas. The racial makeup was 47. 4% White,19. 9% African American,0. 8% Native American,6. 3% Asian,0. 8% Pacific Islander, and 5. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38. 8% of the population and 31. 2% of the population was non-Hispanic White, as of the 2000 census, there were 115,488 people,34,018 households, and 27,112 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,471.0 people per square mile, there were 36,600 housing units at an average density of 466.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 55. 93% White,19. 02% African American,0. 82% Native American,3. 24% Asian,0. 53% Pacific Islander,15. 78% from other races, and 4. 68% from two or more races. 37. 61% were Hispanic or Latino of any race,13. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the family size was 3.67. In the city the population was out with 33. 9% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,34. 3% from 25 to 44,16. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 29 years, for every 100 females there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $46,057, and the median income for a family was $46,540. Males had an income of $32,205 versus $25,836 for females
5.
Las Vegas
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The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment and it is the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World and it is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world. Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the worlds most visited tourist destinations. The citys tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, it was the most populated American city founded within that century, population growth has accelerated since the 1960s, and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled, increasing by 85. 2%. Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century, and according to a 2013 estimate, perhaps the earliest visitors to the Las Vegas area were nomadic Paleo-Indians, who traveled there 10,000 years ago, leaving behind petroglyphs. Anasazi and Paiute tribes followed at least 2,000 years ago, a young Mexican scout named Rafael Rivera is credited as the first non-Native American to encounter the valley, in 1829. Trader Antonio Armijo led a 60-man party along the Spanish Trail to Los Angeles, the area was named Las Vegas, which is Spanish for the meadows, as it featured abundant wild grasses, as well as desert spring waters for westward travelers. The year 1844 marked the arrival of John C, frémont, whose writings helped lure pioneers to the area. Downtown Las Vegas Fremont Street is named after him, eleven years later members of the LDS Church chose Las Vegas as the site to build a fort halfway between Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, where they would travel to gather supplies. The fort was abandoned several years afterward, the remainder of this Old Mormon Fort can still be seen at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Washington Avenue. Las Vegas was founded as a city in 1905, when 110 acres of adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned in what would become the downtown area. In 1911, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city,1931 was a pivotal year for Las Vegas. At that time, Nevada legalized casino gambling and reduced residency requirements for divorce to six weeks and this year also witnessed the beginning of construction on nearby Hoover Dam. The influx of workers and their families helped Las Vegas avoid economic calamity during the Great Depression. The construction work was completed in 1935, in 1941, the Las Vegas Army Air Corps Gunnery School was established. Currently known as Nellis Air Force Base, it is home to the team called the Thunderbirds
6.
Speaker (politics)
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The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer. The title was first used in 1399 in England, the speakers official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial, the title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerford in the Parliament of England. By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as Mister Speaker, if a man, or Madam Speaker, in other cultures other styles are used, mainly being equivalents of English chairman or president. Many bodies also have a pro tempore, designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives is the officer of the Australian House of Representatives. The President of the Australian Senate is the officer of the Australian Senate. Now constitutional community highlights changes also in this role, in Canada, the Speaker of the House of Commons is the individual elected to preside over the House of Commons, the elected lower house. The speaker is a Member of Parliament and is elected at the beginning of new parliament by fellow MPs. The Speakers role in presiding over Canadas House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in countries that use the Westminster system. The Speaker does not vote except in the case of a tie, by convention, if required to vote, the Speaker will vote in favour of continuing debate on a matter, but will not ultimately vote for a measure to be approved. The Speaker of the Senate of Canada is the officer of the Senate of Canada. The Speaker represents the Senate at official functions, rules on questions of procedure and parliamentary privilege. The Speaker of the Senate is appointed by the Governor General of Canada from amongst sitting senators upon the advice of the Prime Minister, the Speaker has a vote on all matters. In the event of a tie, the matter fails, at the provincial level, the presiding officer of the provincial legislatures is called the Speaker in all provinces except Quebec, where the term President is used. The presiding officer fulfills the role as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons is the elected to preside over the elected House of Commons
7.
Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
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Deliberative assemblies – bodies that use parliamentary procedure to arrive at decisions – use several methods of voting on motions. The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a vote. Additional forms of voting include a vote and balloting. The assembly could decide on the method by adopting a motion on it. Legislatures may have their own voting methods, Roberts Rules of Order Newly Revised states that a voice vote is the usual method of voting on any motion that does not require more than a majority vote for its adoption. It is considered the simplest and quickest of voting methods used by deliberative assemblies, the chair will then estimate which side had more members. A simple rising vote is used principally in cases in which the chair believes a voice vote has taken with an inconclusive result. A rising vote is also the method of voting on motions requiring a two-thirds vote for adoption. It can also be used as the first method of voting when only a majority vote is required if the chair believes in advance that a vote will be inconclusive. The chair can also order the rising vote to be counted, a show of hands is an alternate to voice voting and can be used as the basic voting method in small boards or committees, and it is so used in other informal or small gatherings for voting. It is more precise than a vote but does not require members to leave their seats. However, it does not count as a division of the assembly, a recorded vote is a vote in which the votes of each member of the assembly are recorded. RONR explains, Taking a vote by roll call has the effect of placing on the record how each member, or sometimes each delegation, votes, therefore, it has exactly the opposite effect of a ballot vote. It is usually confined to representative bodies, where the proceeds are published and it should not be used in a mass meeting or in any assembly whose members are not responsible to a constituency. Recorded votes may either be taken by actually calling the roll or, in some assemblies, a signed ballot is sometimes used as a substitute for a roll call vote. It allows the members votes can be recorded in the minutes without the chair having to call the names of each member individually, a motion to use a signed ballot is one of the motions relating to methods of voting and the polls. Balloting is a form of voting in which the secrecy of the choices is desired. Members mark their choices on pieces of paper and deposit the paper into a ballot box and this procedure is typically the usual method in elections
8.
Caucus
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A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The term originated in the United States, but has spread to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, as the use of the term has been expanded, the exact definition has come to vary among political cultures. The origin of the caucus is debated, but it is generally agreed that it first came into use in the British colonies of North America. He has a large House, and he has a moveable Partition in his Garrett, which he takes down, there they smoke tobacco till you cannot see from one End of the Garrett to the other. In the early days of the Republic a very different method was pursued in order to place the candidates for the highest office in the land before the people, in the first place, as to the origin of the caucus. In the early part of the century a number of caulkers connected with the shipping business in the North End of Boston held a meeting for consultation. That meeting was the germ of the caucuses which have formed so prominent a feature of our government ever since its organization. No wholly satisfactory etymology has been documented, james Hammond Trumbull suggested to the American Philological Association that it comes from an Algonquian word for counsel, cau´-cau-as´u. The word might derive from the Algonquian cawaassough, meaning an advisor, talker. This explanation was favoured by Charles Dudley Warner, an analogical Latin-type plural cauci is occasionally used. The degree to which caucuses are used can be a key defining element, in United States politics and government, caucus has several distinct but related meanings. Members of a party or subgroup may meet to coordinate members actions, choose group policy. There is no provision for the role of parties in the United States Constitution. In the first two elections, the Electoral College handled nominations and elections in 1789 and 1792 which selected George Washington. After that, Congressional party or a state legislature party caucus selected the partys presidential candidates, nationally, these caucuses were replaced by the party convention starting in 1832 following the lead of the Anti-Masonic Party 1831 convention. Since 1980 such caucuses have become, in the aggregate, an important component of the nomination process. Another meaning is a sub grouping of officials with shared affinities or ethnicities who convene, often but not always to advocate, agitate, lobby or to vote collectively, on policy. At the highest level, in Congress and many state legislatures, Democratic, there can be smaller caucuses in a legislative body, including those that are multi-partisan or even bicameral
9.
Sunrise Manor, Nevada
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Sunrise Manor is an unincorporated town and part of Las Vegas Township in Clark County, Nevada, United States, located on the western base of Frenchman Mountain, east of Las Vegas. The population was 189,372 at the 2010 census, if Sunrise Manor were to be incorporated, it would be one of the largest cities in Nevada. Sunrise Manor was formed in May 1957, according to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place of Sunrise Manor has a total area of 33.4 square miles, all of it land. At the census of 2010, there were 189,372 people residing in the CDP. The racial makeup was 48. 9% White,12. 6% African American,0. 9% Native American,5. 7% Asian,0. 6% Pacific Islander, and 5. 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 48. 5% of the population and 30. 2% of the population was non-Hispanic White. As of the census of 2000, there were 156,120 people,53,745 households, the population density was 4,081.8 people per square mile. There were 58,410 housing units at a density of 1,527.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 63. 47% White,12. 89% African American,0. 98% Native American,6. 41% Asian,0. 46% Pacific Islander,10. 13% from other races, and 4. 67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27. 02% of the population,20. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the family size was 3.32. In the CDP, the population was out with 29. 7% under the age of 18,9. 8% from 18 to 24,31. 3% from 25 to 44,20. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $41,066, and the median income for a family was $44,339. Males had an income of $31,175 versus $24,605 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,659, about 10. 4% of families and 12. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17. 0% of those under age 18 and 7. 0% of those age 65 or over. It is home of the Las Vegas Nevada Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, eldorado High School, Las Vegas High School and Sunrise Mountain High School serve the Sunrise Manor area. Eldorado, the oldest of the three schools, opened in 1973, Las Vegas High School opened its new campus in 1996
10.
Constitution of Nevada
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The Constitution of the State of Nevada is the organic law of the state of Nevada, and the basis for Nevadas statehood as one of the United States. The Nevada Constitution was created in 1864 at a convention on July 4 in Carson City, Nevadas entry into full statehood in the United States was expedited. The constitution was sent October 26–27,1864, just two weeks before the election on November 7,1864, the transmission took two days, it consisted of 16,543 words and cost $4,303.27 to send. The document has two provisions, a preamble,19 articles, and a suffix provision. The first prefix provision defines the requirement that the state have a constitutional convention, the articles of the Nevada Constitution are, The suffix provision provides for the election of delegates to the constitutional convention. The clause disclaiming any right to unappropriated lands originally stated, Third, after an amendment ratified in the general election of 1996, the clause reads, Third. The amendment is specified to take effect on the date Congress consents to amendment or a determination is made that such consent is not necessary. Article 1, Section 21, added by voters in 2002, article 4, Section 38, permits the use of medical marijuana. Article 5, Section 3, limits the Governor to two terms, or one if he has served more than two years of someone elses term. Article 15, Section 16, sets a minimum wage of $5.15 per hour if the employer health insurance. Section 1 of article 19 explains how the Assembly or Senate may propose amendments to the constitution, a majority of all members of both houses must pass the proposed amendment. The proposed amendment must then pass the next biennial session. If it passes, the amendment is sent to the people for vote. If the majority of the registered votes pass the amendment, the constitution is amended/changed, sections 2 and 3 of article 19 defines how citizen initiatives for constitutional amendments can be approved. In short, ballot initiatives must be approved in two general elections, text of the Constitution of Nevada
