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Fan Expo Canada
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Fan Expo Canada is an annual speculative fiction fan convention held in Toronto, Ontario. It was founded as the Canadian National Comic Book Expo in 1995 by Hobby Star Marketing Inc and it includes distinctly branded sections, including GX and SFX, and formerly CNAnime. It is an event typically held the weekend before Labour Day during the summer at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and is now owned by Informa. The convention is the largest of its kind in Canada and among the largest in world, in 2013, Fan Expo Canadas parent company Hobby Star Marketing was acquired by Informa Canada Inc, which now organizes the event. Traditional events include screening rooms devoted to Japanese animation, gaming, like most comic book conventions, Fan Expo Canada features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic book dealers. Fan Expo Canada also includes a large area, as well as an Artists Alley where comic book artists can sign autographs. In recent years, Fan Expo Canada has become one of the few events that provides selling exclusive products to attendees, the vast majority of the exclusives offered at Fan Expo Canada are licensed properties of popular movie, comic book and related characters. Two longtime Fan Expo attendees were married in front of a audience of thousands of fans on the afternoon of August 24. There was also a proposal of marriage took place between two attendees on the afternoon of August 26. The engaged couple credited Fan Expo Canada’s Nerd Speed Dating event from the year in finding one another. Some attractions at Fan Expo Canada have become standard from year to year due to their continued popularity, some of these attractions include the aforementioned Speed Dating, Steampunk activities, Web series presentations, Star Wars sessions provided by the 501st Legion, Lolita fashion and others. Capacity attendance at Fan Expo Canada in 2005 has raised crowding issues, concerns have been that the event is possibly too big for the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, even though they have moved to the largest halls in the facility. The 2010 event left thousands of standing outside as capacity became an issue. Eventually they announced that they would be staying open an hour to try to accommodate the lines. Due to additional space, more staff, a new ticketing system, expanded hours. In recent years, HSM has cleaned up their organization and become more respectful to attendees of their fan-based events, public relations employees at Hobby Star also contacted as many of the fans who had expressed their dissatisfaction, gathering feedback on the convention and expressing personal apologies
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Guelph
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Guelph is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Known as The Royal City, Guelph is roughly 28 kilometres east of Waterloo and 100 kilometres west of Downtown Toronto, at the intersection of Highway 6 and it is the seat of Wellington County, but is politically independent of it. The population in 2016 was 131,794, the current Guelph began as a settlement in the 1820s, started by John Galt, originally from Scotland, the first Superintendent of the Canada Company. He who based the headquarters, and his home, in the community, the area - much of what became Wellington County - had previously been part of the Halton Block, a Crown Reserve for the Six Nations Iroquois. Galt would later be considered as the founder of Guelph, because of its low crime rates, clean environment and generally high standard of living, Guelph is consistently rated as one of Canadas best places to live. Guelph has been noted as having one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country throughout the Great Recession, for many years, the city ranked at the bottom of Canadas crime severity list. Even after an increase, it had the second lowest crime rate in Canada in 2014, at 43. Before colonization, the area was considered by the indigenous communities to be a neutral zone. On selected dates, members from these communities would meet and trade goods by the Speed River. The street plan was out in a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown. John Galt of the Canada Company established Guelph in 1827 to serve as the headquarters during the development of the Huron Tract. In later years, the town came into its own as a prosperous railway, Guelph was founded by the symbolic felling of a tree on St. Georges Day, April 23,1827, the feast day of the patron saint of England. The directors of the Canada Company had actually wanted the city to be named Goderich, the building later became the first CPR station in the city. A historical plaque commemorates his role with the Canada Company in populating Upper Canadas Huron Tract, in addition to many tradesmen, the community had 15 stores, seven taverns, and some industry, tanneries, breweries, distilleries and a starch factory. The Post Office was receiving mail daily, Guelph was incorporated as a city in 1879. Despite optimism, the growth was very slow until the Grand Trunk Railroad reached it from Toronto in 1856, in that year. A few years later, George Sleeman Sr, the Canadian Communist Party began as an illegal organization in a rural barn near the town of Guelph, Ontario, on May 28 and 29,1921. Guelph was the home of North Americas first cable TV system, fredrick T. Metcalf created MacLean Hunter Television and their first broadcast was Queen Elizabeths Coronation in 1953
3.
Christian Campbell
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Christian Bethune Campbell is a Canadian American stage and screen actor, writer, and photographer. He is best known for his roles as Gabriel in the movie Trick, Greg Ivey in Big Love and he is married to actress America Olivo. Campbell was born in Toronto, Ontario, Campbells mother, Marnie, is a yoga instructor and psychologist from Amsterdam, Netherlands, who also ran a theatre in Guelph, Ontario. Campbells maternal grandparents ran a company in the Netherlands and his paternal grandparents were also performers. On his mothers side, Campbell descends from Sephardi Jews who immigrated to the Netherlands, Campbells parents divorced when he was three years old. His siblings are actress Neve Campbell, actor Alex Campbell, and he and his sister, Neve, resided largely with their father, with regular periods at their mothers home. Born into a family and his father an acting teacher. He was acting professionally by the age of fourteen and attended Claude Watson School for the Arts in Toronto, Campbell starred in the gay-themed romantic comedy Trick in 1999. The feature film was a Sundance Grand Jury Prize nominated film and it grossed the most per-screen average for a gay-themed film at the time. In celebration of the anniversary of the picture, Campbell spoke of the social climate at the time and how he. Opened up a community, he said, the gay community was incredibly supportive of me. In 2001, Campbell teamed up with Trick co-star John Paul Pitoc in the feature-film Thank You, Good Night, co-starring with Mark Hamill and he then starred in the 2004 short film Pretty Dead Girl. In 2009, Campbell starred in the feature film Neighbor along with America Olivo and he played conservative American political activist Ralph Reed in the 2010 movie Casino Jack. Campbell starred along with Amy Smart in director Russell Friedenbergs 2014 feature film Among Ravens, at the age of 16, Campbell made his television debut on the Canadian television series Degrassi High. Campbells first starring role was in the television movie City Boy, in which he starred alongside James Brolin, Campbell then starred in the 1995 ABC telefilm Picture Perfect. He moved to the United States in 1995 where he was soon cast as Teddy Delacourt in producer Aaron Spellings primetime teen drama/soap opera Malibu Shores, Campbell joined the cast of The $treet in 2000 as Tim Sherman. He then starred in the science fiction-action animated series Max Steel from 2000-2002, providing the voice of the protagonist, Josh McGrath, a 19-year-old fictional extreme sports star. Campbell joined All My Children as the recast Bobby Warner from 2004 to 2005, along with Shannon Elizabeth, he starred in the 2008 made-for-TV movie You Belong To Me
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Tamara Taylor
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Tamara Taylor is a Canadian actress. Her most notable role is that of Dr. Camille Saroyan, head of the Forensic Division, Taylor was born in Toronto to an African Canadian father and a Scottish Canadian mother. She dropped out of school to try modeling and see the world, with her mother supportive of her decision, School will always be there. Taylor is a cousin to Neve Campbell with whom she appeared on Party of Five. Taylor married attorney Miles Cooley in 2007 but the couple divorced in May 2012 and she has appeared in the CBS medical drama 3 lbs as Della and the UPN series Sex, Love & Secrets in the role of Nina, both series were short-lived. Taylor has made guest appearances on NCIS, Numb3rs, Lost, CSI, Miami, Without a Trace, Party of Five, in her feature film debut, Senseless, she played Marlon Wayans love interest. Through her part in Serenity, Taylor was able to audition for a show with actor David Boreanaz and she also appeared in the TV series Lost, as the former girlfriend of Michael and mother of Walt. She first appeared in Bones in the first episode of the season, The Titan on the Tracks. However, the response to her character was so strong that the writers offered her a position as a regular in the show. Thus, since episode 7, The Girl with the Curl, she has credited as a main character of the series. Tamara Taylor at the Internet Movie Database
5.
Sidney Prescott
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Sidney Prescott is a fictional character and the primary protagonist of the Scream series. The character was created by Kevin Williamson and is portrayed by Canadian actress Neve Campbell and she first appeared in Scream followed by three sequels, Scream 2, Scream 3 and Scream 4. The character appears in the Scream films as the target of a series of killers who adopt the Ghostface persona and she was hesitant to take another horror role after finishing work on The Craft but took the opportunity as it would be her first leading role in a feature film. Campbell reprised the role in Scream 2 and Scream 3 though her own scheduling conflicts meant she could only film for a period of time while the third film was in production. This resulted in her characters role being reduced significantly from prior installments and focus was shifted onto the other lead characters, Gale Weathers. Campbell initially refused requests for her to return for Scream 4, with scripts written with her characters absence in mind, but ultimately agreed to return. The character is depicted as an intelligent, resourceful young woman who slowly becomes stronger over the course of the series as she attempts to overcome the threats, Sidney Prescott first appeared in the 1996 film Scream as a teenager attending the fictional Woodsboro High School. After a series of murders occur on the anniversary of her mothers death. Her character has appeared in each film in the series, her role initially that of the victim but growing into heroine where she personally confronts each killer. Sidney Prescotts first cinematic appearance was in the film Scream as a 17-year-old in the town of Woodsboro. Suspicion falls on several characters before both her boyfriend Billy Loomis and his friend Stu Macher are revealed to both be the killer, Billy states his motivation as revenge following his mother abandoning him over his fathers affair with Maureen. With help from Gale Weathers, Sidney is able to kill Stu and Billy, Sidneys second appearance was in Scream 2 as a student at the fictional Windsor College where a new series of Ghostface murders occur. The killers again taunt Sidney and murder her friends including Randy Meeks before her friend Mickey reveals himself as the killer and murders her new boyfriend Derek in front of her. The third appearance of Sidney occurred in Scream 3 where another murder spree begins in Hollywood, Ghostface claims responsibility for the murder of Maureen Prescott and is unmasked as the director of Stab 3, Roman Bridger, Sidneys previously unknown half-brother. Roman reveals that their mother was raped and impregnated with him during a two-year period where she moved to Hollywood to become an actress. After being given up for adoption, an adult Roman sought her out only for her to reject him, Sidney manages to defeat Roman, with Dewey Rileys help and finally move on with her life. Sidneys fourth appearance was in Scream 4, set ten years after the events of Scream 3, becoming a suspect in the murders, Sidney stays in town with her cousin Jill Roberts and aunt Kate but the family becomes embroiled in the Ghostface murder spree. Jill stabs Sidney and Charlie, before brutalizing herself to appear the sole survivor, when Jill attempts to finally kill her cousin, Sidney manages to shoot Jill in the chest
6.
Scream (franchise)
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Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven. Starring Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, and David Arquette, the series grossed over $604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven. The first series entry, Scream, was released on December 20,1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States. The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12,1997 followed by a third installment, Scream 3, eleven years after the previous film, Scream 4 was released on April 15,2011. The films follow the main protagonist, Sidney Prescott, and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk, Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley, reporter Gale Weathers, and film-geek Randy Meeks. A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30,2015, the series follows different characters and new storylines, not connected to the film series. Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time, the series, particularly the first two films, has received significant critical acclaim. Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional film with humor, awareness of horror film cliché. Scream was one of the films of 1996 and became, and remains. Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time, Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors, both critically and financially, with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream. It did, however, receive some positive response, with claims that it was the end to the trilogy. The film series has been the recipient of awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell. The film series began with Scream, premiering on December 18,1996 at the AMC Avco theater in Westwood, the film focuses on teenager Sidney Prescott as she comes under attack from a mysterious character dubbed Ghostface while dealing with the anniversary of her mothers murder. The film went on to be a success earning back its $15 million budget eleven times over. It is credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the mid 90s and it was particularly notable for its casting of established and popular actors and actresses which was previously uncommon in a horror movie. Like Scream, the film features characters aware of the horror genre, the film again focuses on the character of Sidney Prescott, now a college student, as a series of copycat crimes begin, the killers again using the disguise of Ghostface. The series continued with Scream 3, which received its premiere on February 3,2000 at the AMC Avco theater in Westwood, tingle, being replaced by Ehren Kruger who finalized a script based on several ideas supplied by Williamson. The film focuses on Sidney Prescott who faces a new Ghostface killer, the film, like its predecessors, featured characters who were self-aware of horror conventions, in this case the rules and structure of the final entry in a movie trilogy
7.
Catwalk (TV series)
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Catwalk is a Canadian musical drama series that ran for 49 episodes on the YTV network from 1992 until 1994. The series first season aired in syndication in the United States, the series was based around six twenty-something adults who formed a band named Catwalk. The episodes centered on the personal relationships and struggles to land a record deal. Their main gathering place was a downtown loft, singer Johnny was at the focus of the show, it was in his loft where the band gathered to rehearse. Relationships were also a part of the show, there were two couples within the cast, as Daisy dated the groups manager Billy K. and Mary dated the drummer Jesse. Their relationship was somewhat groundbreaking, as Mary was biracial and Jesse was white, the relationship was tumultuous and the couple broke up before the end of the first season. The second season featured a new character, Maggi, who in the first season became involved with lead guitarist Johnny Camden causing tension within the band. The second season on MTV was done by Steve Tyrell and his late wife, the majority of the second season episodes were never aired due to a licensing conflict between MTV Networks and the original creator of the show, Adam Kidron, and remain unseen. In 1992, a Connecticut-based band also named Catwalk sued over the right to use the name, the Heights The Great Canadian Guide to the Movies & TV Catwalk at the Internet Movie Database Catwalk at TV. com
8.
Party of Five
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Party of Five is an American television teen drama created by Christopher Keyser and Amy Lippman that originally aired on Fox for six seasons from September 12,1994 to May 3,2000. Notable co-stars included Scott Grimes, Paula Devicq, Jeremy London, however, in 1996, Party of Five won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama, after which ratings and popularity grew for the majority of the remainder of the series. A spin-off starring Hewitt debuted on the network in 1999, Time of Your Life, the show, set in San Francisco, centered on the five Salinger siblings, who become orphans after their parents are killed in a car accident caused by a drunk driver. The siblings take over the running of their familys restaurant, Salingers, Charlie initially serves as bartender and manager, and later Bailey takes over. Matthew Fox as Charlie Salinger, the sibling who struggles to live his own life in the reluctant role of legal guardian to his brothers and sisters. Immature and insecure, he dropped out of college his senior year to find himself and was planning to re-enroll when his parents put him as legal guardian to his younger siblings. Scott Wolf as Bailey Salinger, the sibling who is forced to grow up fast. Neve Campbell as Julia Salinger, highly intelligent, emotionally sensitive teen who struggles to adjust to being an orphan, lacey Chabert as Claudia Salinger, a gifted violinist struggling to build a life for herself and also deal with being an orphan. The role of the youngest, Owen Salinger, was recast three times as the character grew. He was played by Alexander and Zachary Ahnert in the episode, Brandon and Taylor Porter as an infant, Andrew and Stephen Cavarno as a preschooler. His character was aged faster than time, in a television process known as SORAS-ing. Paula Devicq as Kirsten Bennett Thomas Salinger, graduate student who is hired as Owen Salingers nanny, Scott Grimes as Will McCorkle, Baileys best friend from high school. Michael Goorjian as Justin Thompson, Julias friend, and later boyfriend, Jennifer Love Hewitt as Sarah Reeves Merrin, Baileys sensitive, off-and-on girlfriend from high school who struggles also to find herself. Alexondra Lee as Callie Martel, Baileys roommate during his first year at college, Jeremy London as Griffin Chase Holbrook, moody and troubled teenager whom Julia becomes involved with. The character was portrayed by James Marsden in one first-season episode. Jennifer Aspen as Daphne Jablonsky, an erotic dancer who becomes involved with Charlie. The following lists all actors who appeared in five or more episodes during the run of the show, the show was created by the team of Christopher Keyser and Amy Lippman and produced by Columbia Pictures Television and High Productions. CPT would later be folded into Columbia TriStar Domestic Television, which afterward became Sony Pictures Television
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Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
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House of Cards (U.S. TV series)
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House of Cards is an American political drama web television series created by Beau Willimon. It is an adaptation of the BBCs mini-series of the name and is based on the novel by Michael Dobbs. The thirteen episode first season premiered on February 1,2013, thirteen episode seasons followed on February 14,2014, February 27,2015 and March 4,2016. Netflix announced a season due for release on May 30,2017. Willimon has stated plans for the shows future are decided after each season. House of Cards is the story of Frank Underwood, a Democrat from South Carolinas 5th congressional district and House Majority Whip. After being passed over for appointment as Secretary of State, he initiates a plan to get himself into a position of greater power, aided by his wife. The series deals primarily with themes of pragmatism, manipulation. House of Cards has received reviews and several award nominations. It is the first original online-only web television series to receive major Emmy nominations, the show also earned eight Golden Globe Award nominations, with Wright winning for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2014 and Spacey winning for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2015. However, Underwood soon learns that he is no longer being considered for the position, Chief of Staff Linda Vasquez tells Underwood that the president wants him to promote his agenda in Congress and will not honor their agreement. Inwardly seething, Underwood quickly gains control of his anger and hides his disappointment to present himself as a lieutenant to the president. In reality, Underwood begins a plan behind the presidents back. Franks wife Claire runs an NGO, the Clean Water Initiative, using the charity to cultivate her own power and influence, yet its ultimate purpose remains unknown. Despite the success of the operation, Claire seeks to expand its scope to the international stage and they both work with Remy Danton, a corporate lobbyist and former Underwood staffer, to secure funds for their operations and further their influence. Underwood begins a highly intricate plan to obtain a cabinet position, meanwhile, he manipulates Peter Russo, a troubled alcoholic and congressman from Pennsylvania, into helping him undermine Walkers pick for Secretary of State, Senator Michael Kern. Underwood eventually has Kern replaced with his own choice, Senator Catherine Durant, Underwood also uses Russo in a plot to end a teachers strike and pass an education bill, which improves Underwoods standing with President Walker. Because the new Vice President is the governor of Pennsylvania
11.
The Craft (film)
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The Craft is a 1996 American supernatural horror film directed by Andrew Fleming and starring Robin Tunney, Fairuza Balk, Neve Campbell, and Rachel True. The films plot centers on a group of four girls who pursue witchcraft and use sorcery for their own gain. The film was released on May 3,1996, by Columbia Pictures and it was a surprise hit, Sarah Bailey, a troubled teenager, has just moved from San Francisco to Los Angeles with her father and stepmother. At her new school, she encounters a group of outcast girls rumored to be witches, Bonnie, Nancy, at the same time, Sarah becomes attracted to a popular football player Chris, who warns her against associating with the three girls. After Chris humiliates Sarah by spreading rumors about having had sex with her. Sarah exhibits supernatural powers from the onset of the film and her new friends believe that she will complete their coven and they tell her that they worship a powerful god named Manon, who controls the elements. When Sarah is harassed by a vagrant with a snake, he is hit by a car. Nancy lusts for power and encourages the others to join her in a rite called Invocation of the Spirit. The four enact the ceremony on the beach, where each of the girls Call the Corners, on completion of the spell, Nancy is struck by lightning, and all four girls fall unconscious. The next morning Nancy is seen walking on water and claims to be infused with the essence of Manon and she lacks empathy and begins taking risks with her life and those of others. Nancy uses a spell to make herself look like Sarah. They are interrupted by the real Sarah, who insists that Nancy leave with her, Chris is upset about being fooled, and taunts Nancy that she is jealous. Nancy uses her power to him out of a second-story window. Sarah performs a spell to prevent Nancy from doing more harm. The binding fails, and the turns on Sarah. They invade her dreams and threaten to kill her, Sarah visits Lirio, the proprietress of a magic shop, who tells Sarah that she too must invoke the spirit in order to fight Nancy. They are interrupted by another of Nancys spells before they can do so, once there Nancy tricks Sarah into believing that her father and stepmother have died in a plane crash. The three girls try to persuade her to suicide, before Nancy cuts Sarahs wrists herself
12.
Wild Things (film)
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Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton, and stars Matt Dillon, Neve Campbell, Kevin Bacon, Denise Richards and Theresa Russell. An uncut version, adding seven minutes to its runtime, was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and it spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004,2005 and 2010. The film has a MPAA rating of R for strong sexuality, nudity, language, Kellys mother is humiliated by the scandal, and Lombardo and Bowden negotiate an $8.5 million settlement for defamation. In reality, Lombardo and the two girls were accomplices who used the trial as a way to get money from Kellys wealthy family, to celebrate their success, the three accomplices have sex. Police detective Ray Duquette, against the wishes of the attorneys office. He suspects the trio are working a scam, telling both Kelly and Suzie that Lombardo has already transferred the money to an off-shore account, Suzie panics and goes to Kelly for help. Kelly assures Suzie that they can trust each other, but separately tells Lombardo over the phone that they may have to get rid of Suzie, Suzie overhears and attacks Kelly in the pool. Both girls fight, but eventually end up kissing on the lips and having sex in the pool, all witnessed by Duquette, a few nights later, Lombardo and Kelly take Suzie to the beach and he kills her while Kelly waits nearby. After wrapping the body in plastic, they throw it in the trunk of the car and drive out to the swamp, Duquette and his partner, Gloria, are called in to investigate Suzies disappearance. Her blood and teeth are found at the beach while her car is found at a bus terminal, the D. A. s office again insists that he drop the case, but Duquette asks his partner to watch Lombardo. Lombardo confronts Gloria and invites her in to read his school files on Kelly and she discovers that Kelly is a deeply troubled and violent girl made worse by the suicide of her father. Meanwhile, Duquette goes to Kellys house to confront her, when he arrives, Kelly attacks him, shooting him in the arm. Duquette is left no choice but to kill her in self-defense. No charges are filed against Duquette, but he is dismissed from the force for disobeying orders, sam returns to his beach bungalow to find Duquette taking a shower. They were partners, setting everyone up so they could split the money just two ways, although Lombardo is not pleased that Duquette killed Kelly instead of framing her as originally planned, he agrees that they now have fewer loose ends. The two agree to go fishing on Lombardos sailboat, where Lombardo tries to eliminate Duquette, when Duquette fights back, he is shot and killed by a very much alive Suzie. She kills Duquette as revenge for killing her friend Davie, Suzie then poisons Lombardos drink and knocks him overboard, so his body wont be found. An ending sequence features a number of scenes that fill in details of the backstory
13.
Panic (2000 film)
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Panic is a 2000 American film, starring William H. Macy, Neve Campbell, Tracey Ullman, John Ritter and Donald Sutherland. Alex, a sad-eyed mournful man, goes into psychotherapy disclosing that he is a hit man and he also tells the doctor after a few sessions that he is attracted to a young woman he has met in the waiting room. She is Sarah,23, quick, edgy, and perhaps attracted to him as well, but he is married, the dutiful father of a young precocious boy, so Sarah brushes him off. In flashbacks we see him get his start as a killer, dad gives Alex his next assignment, to kill the therapist. Alex keeps returning to Sarah, calling her, stopping by her apartment, as he decides what to do about the hit, his father, his marriage, roger Ebert gave the film four stars. Leonard Maltin gave the two and a half stars but praised the acting, calling it excellent. Panic at the Internet Movie Database Panic at Rotten Tomatoes
14.
The Company (film)
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The Company is a 2003 drama film directed by Robert Altman and starring Neve Campbell, who co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film also stars Malcolm McDowell and James Franco and is set in the company of the Joffrey Ballet, the Company is composed of stories gathered from the dancers, choreographers, and staff of the Joffrey Ballet. Most of the roles are played by company members, the many company stories woven together express the dedication and hard work that dancers must put in to their art, although they are seldom rewarded with fame or fortune. The Company was an idea of Campbells for a long time — she began her career as a ballet dancer, Altman was initially reluctant to direct the film, reportedly remarking, Barbara, I read your script and I dont get it. Im just the guy for this. The director eventually relented, however, and The Company turned out to be his penultimate film, Neve Campbell and James Franco prepared for their roles as restaurant workers by training under Mickaël Blais, the chef of Marche, an upscale bistro in Chicago. Dance lighting for the Joffrey Ballet portions was composed by the lighting designer Kevin Dreyer. The film ultimately grossed $2,283,914 in North America and $4,117,776 in foreign markets, bringing its worldwide box office total to $6,401, the Company received a mostly positive response from critics. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, awarding it 3 1⁄2 stars out of four, ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine similarly declared it the best movie of 2003. The Company at the Internet Movie Database
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Dutch people
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The Dutch, occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, Nederlanders—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a culture and speak the Dutch language. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at an early date. During the Republic the first series of large scale Dutch migrations outside of Europe took place, despite the small size of the Netherlands, the Dutch left behind a legacy in excess of their mere numbers. The traditional art and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of music, dances, architectural styles and clothing. Internationally, Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer and Van Gogh are held in high regard, the dominant religion of the Dutch is Christianity, although in modern times the majority is no longer religious. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of humanism, agnosticism, atheism or individual spirituality, as with all ethnic groups the ethnogenesis of the Dutch has been a lengthy and complex process. The text below hence focuses on the history of the Dutch ethnic group, for Dutch national history, for Dutch colonial history, see the article on the Dutch Empire. Following the end of the period in the West around 500, with large federations settling the decaying Roman Empire. In the Low Countries, this began when the Franks, themselves a union of multiple smaller tribes. Eventually, in 358, the Salian Franks, one of the three main subdivisions among the Frankish alliance settled the areas Southern lands as foederati, Roman allies in charge of border defense. On a political level, the Frankish warlords abandoned tribalism and founded a number of kingdoms, however, the population make-up of the Frankish Empire, or even early Frankish kingdoms such as Neustria and Austrasia, was not dominated by Franks. Though the Frankish leaders controlled most of Western Europe, the Franks themselves were confined to the Northwestern part of the Empire, the current Dutch-French language border has remained virtually identical ever since, and could be seen as marking the furthest pale of gallicization among the Franks. The medieval cities of the Low Countries, which experienced major growth during the 11th and 12th century, were instrumental in breaking down the already relatively loose local form of feudalism, as they became increasingly powerful, they used their economical strength to influence the politics of their nobility. While the cities were of political importance, they also formed catalysts for medieval Dutch culture. The various city guilds as well as the necessity of water boards in the Dutch delta and it is also around this time, that ethnonyms such as Diets and Nederlands emerge. This process marked a new episode in the development of the Dutch ethnic group, as now political unity started to emerge, consolidating the strengthened cultural, despite their linguistic and cultural unity, and economic similarities, there was still little sense of political unity among the Dutch people. However, the centralist policies of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, at first violently opposed by the cities of the Low Countries, had a profound impact and changed this
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Amsterdam
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Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper,1,351,587 in the urban area, the city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe. Amsterdams name derives from Amstelredamme, indicative of the citys origin around a dam in the river Amstel, during that time, the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned, the 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered a world city by the Globalization. The city is also the capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and seven of the worlds 500 largest companies, including Philips and ING, are based in the city. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit and 12th globally on quality of living for environment, the city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country, famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank, artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world, is located in the city center. After the floods of 1170 and 1173, locals near the river Amstel built a bridge over the river, the earliest recorded use of that name is in a document dated October 27,1275, which exempted inhabitants of the village from paying bridge tolls to Count Floris V. This allowed the inhabitants of the village of Aemstelredamme to travel freely through the County of Holland, paying no tolls at bridges, locks, the certificate describes the inhabitants as homines manentes apud Amestelledamme. By 1327, the name had developed into Aemsterdam, Amsterdam is much younger than Dutch cities such as Nijmegen, Rotterdam, and Utrecht. In October 2008, historical geographer Chris de Bont suggested that the land around Amsterdam was being reclaimed as early as the late 10th century. This does not necessarily mean there was already a settlement then, since reclamation of land may not have been for farming—it may have been for peat. Amsterdam was granted city rights in either 1300 or 1306, from the 14th century on, Amsterdam flourished, largely from trade with the Hanseatic League
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Glasgow
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Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland and it is situated on the River Clyde in the countrys West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians, Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Britain. From the 18th century the city grew as one of Great Britains main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America. Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Glasgow grew in population, reaching a peak of 1,128,473 in 1939. The entire region surrounding the conurbation covers about 2.3 million people, at the 2011 census, Glasgow had a population density of 8, 790/sq mi, the highest of any Scottish city. Glasgow hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games and is well known in the sporting world for the football rivalry of the Old Firm between Celtic and Rangers. Glasgow is also known for Glasgow patter, a dialect that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city. Glasgow is the form of the ancient Cumbric name Glas Cau. Possibly referring to the area of Molendinar Burn where Glasgow Cathedral now stands, the later Gaelic name Baile Glas Chu, town of the grey dog, is purely a folk-etymology. The present site of Glasgow has been settled since prehistoric times, it is for settlement, being the furthest downstream fording point of the River Clyde, the origins of Glasgow as an established city derive ultimately from its medieval position as Scotlands second largest bishopric. Glasgow increased in importance during the 10th and 11th centuries as the site of this bishopric, reorganised by King David I of Scotland and John, there had been an earlier religious site established by Saint Mungo in the 6th century. The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the Kingdom of Scotland, bringing wealth, sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives as the Glasgow Fair. Glasgow grew over the following centuries, the first bridge over the River Clyde at Glasgow was recorded from around 1285, giving its name to the Briggait area of the city, forming the main North-South route over the river via Glasgow Cross. The founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to become the Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1492 increased the towns religious and educational status and landed wealth. Its early trade was in agriculture, brewing and fishing, with cured salmon and herring being exported to Europe, Glasgow was subsequently raised to the status of Royal Burgh in 1611. The citys Tobacco Lords created a water port at Port Glasgow on the Firth of Clyde. By the late 18th century more than half of the British tobacco trade was concentrated on Glasgows River Clyde, at the time, Glasgow held a commercial importance as the city participated in the trade of sugar, tobacco and later cotton
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Scotland
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Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles, the Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles, the legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. Glasgow, Scotlands largest city, was one of the worlds leading industrial cities. Other major urban areas are Aberdeen and Dundee, Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third-largest city in Scotland, the title of Europes oil capital, following a referendum in 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. Scotland is represented in the UK Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs, Scotland is also a member nation of the British–Irish Council, and the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly. Scotland comes from Scoti, the Latin name for the Gaels, the Late Latin word Scotia was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to Scotland north of the River Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, the use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. Repeated glaciations, which covered the land mass of modern Scotland. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, the groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period and it contains the remains of an early Bronze Age ruler laid out on white quartz pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves, in the winter of 1850, a severe storm hit Scotland, causing widespread damage and over 200 deaths. In the Bay of Skaill, the storm stripped the earth from a large irregular knoll, when the storm cleared, local villagers found the outline of a village, consisting of a number of small houses without roofs. William Watt of Skaill, the laird, began an amateur excavation of the site, but after uncovering four houses
19.
Mississauga
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Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɒɡə/ is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Situated in Southern Ontario, it lies on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel and it is part of the Greater Toronto Area, to the west of Toronto. The city has a population of 721,599 as of the Canada 2016 Census, a suburb of Toronto, Mississaugas growth is attributed to its proximity to that city. It is the largest suburb in Anglo-America by population, in recent decades, the city has attracted a multicultural population and has plans for developing its downtown core. Residents of the city are called Mississaugans or Saugans, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canadas busiest airport, is located in the city, and it is the location of many major corporate headquarters for Canada. At the time of the arrival of the Europeans in the 1600s, One of the First Nations groups the French traders found around the Credit River area were the Algonquian Mississaugas, a tribe originally from the Georgian Bay area. The name Mississauga comes from the Anishinaabe word Misi-zaagiing, meaning Great River-mouth, by 1700 the Mississaugas had driven away the Iroquois, yet during the Beaver Wars they played a neutral or post-emptive role. Toronto Township, consisting of most of present-day Mississauga, was formed on 2 August 1805 when officials from York purchased 84,000 acres of land from the Mississaugas. In January 2010, the Mississaugas and the government settled a land claim, in which the band of aboriginal people received $145,000,000, as just compensation for their land. The original villages settled included, Lakeview, Clarkson, Cooksville, Dixie, Erindale, Lorne Park, Port Credit, Sheridan and this region would become known as Toronto Township. Part of northeast Mississauga, including the Airport lands and Malton were part of Toronto Gore Township, a group of settlers from New York City arrived in the 1830s. The government wanted to compensate the Loyalists for property lost in the colonies, in 1820, the government purchased additional land from the Mississaugas. Additional settlements were established, including, Barbertown, Britannia, Burnhamthorpe, Derry West, Elmbank, Malton, Meadowvale Village, Mount Charles, european-Canadian growth led to the eventual displacement of the Mississaugas. In 1847, the government relocated them to a reserve in the Grand River Valley, in 1873, in light of the continued growth seen in this area much as a result of the many railway lines passing through the township which spurred on industry. The Toronto Township Council was formed to oversee the affairs of the villages that were unincorporated at that time. The Councils responsibilities included road maintenance, and the constitution of a police force, in the 1920s, cottages were constructed along the shores of Lake Ontario as weekend getaway houses for city dwellers. 17 years later in 1937,1,410.8 acres of land was sold to build the Malton Airport and it became Canadas busiest airport which also put the end to the community of Elmbank. The first prototypical suburban developments occurred around the time, in the area south of the Dixie Road/QEW interchange
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Sephardi Jews
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They established communities throughout Spain and Portugal, where they traditionally resided, evolving what would become their distinctive characteristics and diasporic identity. Spoken by Sephardim in the Eastern Mediterranean, Haketia, an Arabic influenced Judaeo-Spanish variety also derived from Old Spanish, with numerous Hebrew and Aramaic terms. Taken with them in the 15th century after the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Early Modern Spanish and Early Modern Portuguese, including in a mixture of the two. Traditionally spoken or used liturgically by the ex-converso Western Sephardim, taken with them during their later migration out of Iberia in the 16th to 18th centuries as conversos, after which they reverted to Judaism. In most cases these varieties have incorporated loanwords from the languages of the Americas introduced following the Spanish conquest. This article deals with Sephardim within the narrower ethnic definition, the name Sephardi means Spanish or Hispanic, derived from Sepharad, a Biblical location. The location of the biblical Sepharad is disputed, but Sepharad was identified by later Jews as Hispania, that is, Sepharad still means Spain in modern Hebrew. In its most basic form, this broad definition of a Sephardi refers to any Jew, of any ethnic background. The term Sephardi in the sense, thus describes the nusach used by Sephardi Jews in their Siddur. A nusach is defined by a liturgical traditions choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers, Sephardim traditionally pray using Minhag Sefarad. Additionally, Ethiopian Jews, whose branch of practiced Judaism is known as Haymanot, have come under the umbrella of Israels already broad Sephardic Chief Rabbinate. The divisions among Sephardim and their descendants today is largely a result of the consequences of the Royal edicts of expulsion. In the case of the Alhambra Decree of 1492, the purpose was to eliminate their influence on Spains large converso population. Indeed, a number of those Jews who had not yet joined the converso community finally chose to convert. While the stipulations were similar in the Portuguese decree, King Manuel then largely prevented Portugals Jews from leaving, by blocking Portugals ports of exit. This failure to leave Portugal was then reasoned by the king to signify a default acceptance of Catholicism by the Jews, actual physical forced conversions, however, were also experienced throughout Portugal. Sephardi Jews, therefore, encompass Jews descended from those Jews who left the Iberian Peninsula as Jews by the expiration of the respective decreed deadlines. This group is divided between those who fled south to North Africa, as opposed to those who fled eastwards to the Balkans, West Asia
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Catholicism
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The use of terms catholicism and catholicity is closely related to the use of term Catholic Church. The earliest evidence of the use of term is the Letter to the Smyrnaeans that Ignatius of Antioch wrote in about 108 to Christians in Smyrna. In 380, Emperor Theodosius I limited use of the term Catholic Christian exclusively to those who followed the faith as Pope Damasus I of Rome. Numerous other early writers including Cyril of Jerusalem, Augustine of Hippo further developed the use of the term catholic in relation to Christianity. In Christian theology, and specially in ecclesiology, terms Catholicism, when used with small c, terms catholicism and catholicity generally designate theological doctrine of the catholicity of the Church without denominational connotations. A common belief in Catholicism is institutional continuity with the early Christian church founded by Jesus Christ, many churches or communions of churches identify singularly or collectively as the authentic church. The Bishop of Rome was also considered to have the right to convene ecumenical councils, when the Imperial capital moved to Constantinople, Romes influence was sometimes challenged. The first great rupture in the Church followed this Council and they are often called Ancient Oriental Churches. The next major break was after the Council of Chalcedon and this Council repudiated Eutychian Monophysitism which stated that the divine nature completely subsumed the human nature in Christ. This Council declared that Christ, though one person, exhibited two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation and thus is both fully God and fully human, the next great rift within Christianity was in the 11th century. This division between the Western Church and the Eastern Church is called the East–West Schism, several eastern churches reunited, constituting some of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Liturgical and canonical practices vary between all these particular Churches constituting the Roman and Eastern Catholic Churches, in all these cases the beliefs and practices of Catholicism would be identical with the beliefs and practices of the Church in question. However, in Roman Catholicism, the term catholic is understood as to cover those who recognize and are in standing with the Magisterium. The sense given to the word by those who use it to distinguish their position from a Calvinistic or Puritan form of Protestantism. It is then meaningful to attempt to draw up a list of common characteristic beliefs, the Roman Catholic Church includes the 23 rites who recognize the Magisterium. Belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist, the belief that Christ is made manifest in the elements of Holy Communion, possession of the threefold ordained ministry of Bishops, Priests and Deacons. Belief that the Church is the vessel and deposit of the fullness of the teachings of Jesus and this teaching is preserved in both written scripture and in unwritten tradition, neither being independent of the other. A belief in the necessity and efficacy of sacraments, liturgical and personal use of the Sign of the Cross The use of sacred images, candles, vestments and music, and often incense and water, in worship
22.
The Nutcracker
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The Nutcracker is a two-act ballet, originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The libretto is adapted from E. T. A. Hoffmanns story The Nutcracker and it was given its premiere at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg on Sunday, December 18,1892, on a double-bill with Tchaikovskys opera Iolanta. Although the original production was not a success, the 20-minute suite that Tchaikovsky extracted from the ballet was, major American ballet companies generate around 40% of their annual ticket revenues from performances of The Nutcracker. Tchaikovskys score has become one of his most famous compositions, in particular the pieces featured in the suite. Among other things, the score is noted for its use of the celesta, for the ballet, Tchaikovsky would again join forces with Marius Petipa, with whom he had collaborated on The Sleeping Beauty. The material Petipa chose was an adaptation of E. T. A, Hoffmanns story The Nutcracker and the Mouse King by Alexandre Dumas père called The Tale of the Nutcracker. The plot of Hoffmanns story was simplified for the two-act ballet. Hoffmanns tale contains a flashback story within its main plot titled The Tale of the Hard Nut. This had to be excised for the ballet, Petipa gave Tchaikovsky extremely detailed instructions for the composition of each number, down to the tempo and number of bars. The completion of the work was interrupted for a time when Tchaikovsky visited the United States for twenty-five days to conduct concerts for the opening of Carnegie Hall. Tchaikovsky composed parts of The Nutcracker in Rouen, France, the first performance of the ballet was held as a double premiere together with Tchaikovskys last opera, Iolanta, on 18 December 1892, at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia. Although the libretto was by Marius Petipa, who choreographed the first production has been debated. Petipa began work on the choreography in August 1892, however, illness removed him from its completion and his assistant of seven years, although Ivanov is often credited as the choreographer, some contemporary accounts credit Petipa. The childrens roles, unlike many later productions, were performed by real children rather than adults, students of Imperial Ballet School of St. Petersburg, the first performance of The Nutcracker was not deemed a success. The reaction to the dancers themselves was ambivalent, while some critics praised DellEra on her pointework as the Sugar Plum Fairy, one critic called her corpulent and podgy. Olga Preobrajenskaya as the Columbine doll was panned by one critic as completely insipid, Alexandre Benois described the choreography of the battle scene as confusing, One can not understand anything. Disorderly pushing about from corner to corner and running backwards and forwards – quite amateurish, the libretto was criticized for being lopsided and for not being faithful to the Hoffmann tale. Some found the transition between the world of the first scene and the fantasy world of the second act too abrupt
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Ballet
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Ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own based on French terminology. It has been influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training, Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art. Ballet may also refer to a dance work, which consists of the choreography. A well-known example of this is The Nutcracker, a ballet that was originally choreographed by Marius Petipa. Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained artists, the word came into English usage from the French around 1630. Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries before being spread from Italy to France by an Italian aristocrat, Catherine de Medici, in France, ballet developed even further under her aristocratic influence. The dancers in these early court ballets were mostly noble amateurs, Ballets in this period were lengthy and elaborate and often served a political purpose. Ornamented costumes were meant to impress viewers and restricted freedom of movement. The ballets were performed in large chambers with viewers on three sides, French court ballet reached its height under the reign of King Louis XIV. Known as the Sun King, Louis symbolized the brilliance of France, in 1661 Louis founded the Académie Royale de Danse to establish standards and certify dance instructors. In 1672, Louis XIV made Jean-Baptiste Lully the director of the Académie Royale de Musique from which the first professional ballet company, Lully is considered the most important composer of music for ballets de cour and instrumental to the development of the form. Ballet went into decline in France after 1830, though it continued to develop in Denmark, Italy, the arrival in Europe on the eve of First World War of the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, revived interest in the ballet and started the modern era. The Russian choreographer Michel Fokine challenged tradition and called for reforms that reinvigorated ballet as an art form, in the 20th century, ballet had a wide influence on other dance genres, and subgenres of ballet have also evolved. In the United States, choreographer George Balanchine developed what is now known as neoclassical ballet, other developments include contemporary ballet and post-structural ballet. Also in the century, ballet took a turn dividing it from classical ballet to the introduction of modern dance. Stylistic variations have emerged and evolved since the Italian Renaissance, early, classical variations are primarily associated with geographic origin
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Canada's National Ballet School
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Canadas National Ballet School, also commonly known as the National Ballet School of Canada, is a classical ballet school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Along with the Royal Winnipeg Ballet School, it is a provider of professional ballet training in Canada. Many graduates achieve employment with ballet companies internationally, most notably with the National Ballet of Canada. The National Ballet School is the school of the National Ballet of Canada. Franca subsequently emigrated to Canada in 1951 and founded the National Ballet of Canada that same year, as the Company became established, Franca and Oliphant decided it was essential to establish their own ballet academy to train dancers for the Company. This led to the formation of the school in 1959, as a school to the Company. Students of the school were notably assessed by examiners from the United Kingdom, the school had been based in a former Quaker meeting house at 111 Maitland Street in Toronto, a building purchased for the school by the National Ballet Guild at a cost of $80,000. The first enrolment of students included 27 females, with 202 students enrolling for part-time study. 111 Maitland, now known as Currie Hall, is now used as the dining hall. In 1983, students at the school were featured in the Academy Award-winning National Film Board of Canada dance film Flamenco at 5,15, the school provides a full-time program which combines classical ballet training with academic education from Grades 6 through 12 at its boarding school. The school offers intensive specialized dance training after Grade 12 and a full-time teacher-training program, located at 400 Jarvis Street since 2005, the school faces onto the busy street with tall glass structures. Composed of 4 main building masses, several architects have played a significant role in building and expanding the NBS, project Grand Jete, which is the expansion plan for the Celia Franca Centre was planned and executed by Goldsmith Borgal & Company Ltd. Architects and Kuwabara Payne Mckenna Blumberg Architects, Architects, executed the restoration and redesign of the heritage buildings. The school was founded in 1959 by two Englishwomen, Celia Franca and Betty Oliphant, on the model set forth by Englands Royal Ballet and its associated Royal Ballet School. It was directed for many years by co-founder Betty Oliphant to train dancers primarily for the National Ballet of Canada, miss Staines is the current Artistic Director of the school. Since 1959, the school has trained hundreds of dance teachers. Each year, the school conducts outreach tours in twenty or more cities across Canada, students have come to The National from every province in Canada – and from many other countries including the United States, Japan, Korea, and Sweden. Admission to the school is highly competitive, students are accepted after an audition on the basis of merit alone, with financial assistance available depending on family means
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Sleeping Beauty
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Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault, or Little Briar Rose by the Brothers Grimm, is a classic fairy tale which involves a beautiful princess, a sleeping enchantment, and a handsome prince. The version collected by the Brothers Grimm was an orally transmitted version of the originally literary tale published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697. This in turn was based on Sun, Moon, and Talia by Italian poet Giambattista Basile, the earliest known version of the story is found in the narrative Perceforest, composed between 1330 and 1344 and first printed in 1528. At the christening of a king and queens long-wished-for child, seven good fairies are invited to be godmothers to the infant princess, the fairies attend the banquet at the palace. Each fairy is presented with a plate and drinking cups adorned with jewels. Soon after, an old fairy enters the palace and is seated with a plate of fine china and this old fairy is overlooked because she has been within a tower for many years and everyone had believed her to be deceased. Six of the seven fairies then offer their gifts of beauty, wit, grace, dance, song. The evil fairy is very angry about having been forgotten, and as her gift, enchants the infant princess so that she one day prick her finger on a spindle of a spinning wheel. The seventh fairy, who hasnt yet given her gift, attempts to reverse the evil fairys curse, however, she can only do so partially. Instead of dying, the Princess will fall into a deep sleep for 100 years, the King orders that every spindle and spinning wheel in the kingdom to be destroyed, to try to save his daughter from the terrible curse. Fifteen or sixteen years pass and one day, when the king and queen are away, the princess, who has never seen anyone spin before, asks the old woman if she can try the spinning wheel. The curse is fulfilled as the princess pricks her finger on the spindle, the old woman cries for help and attempts are made to revive the princess. The king attributes this to fate and has the Princess carried to the finest room in the palace and placed upon a bed of gold, the king and queen kiss their daughter goodbye and depart, proclaiming the entrance to be forbidden. The good fairy who altered the evil prophecy is summoned, having great powers of foresight, the fairy sees that the Princess will awaken to distress when she finds herself alone, so the fairy puts everyone in the castle to sleep. The fairy also summons a forest of trees, brambles and thorns that spring up around the castle, shielding it from the outside world, a hundred years pass and a prince from another family spies the hidden castle during a hunting expedition. The prince then braves the tall trees, brambles and thorns which part at his approach and he passes the sleeping castle folk and comes across the chamber where the Princess lies asleep on the bed. Struck by the radiant beauty before him, he falls on his knees before her, the enchantment comes to an end by a kiss and the princess awakens and converses with the prince for a long time. Meanwhile, the rest of the castle awakens and go about their business, the prince and princess are later married by the chaplain in the castle chapel
26.
The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
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The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart with additions from Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the book together. The musical opened in Londons West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988 and it won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical. It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a margin, and celebrated its 10, 000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012. It is the second longest-running West End musical, after Les Misérables, by 2011, it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries, and continues to play in London and New York. In 1986, Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance and he was aiming for a romantic piece, and suggested Gaston Lerouxs book The Phantom of the Opera as a basis. They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions, but neither saw a way to make the leap from film to stage. Then with the Phantom, it was there, Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his dark obsessive side, but he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album. Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but he became ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw. Richard Stilgoe, the lyricist for Starlight Express, wrote most of the lyrics for the production. Charles Hart, a young and then-relatively unknown lyricist, later many of the lyrics. Some of Stilgoes original contributions are still present in the final version, inspired in part by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill, Lloyd Webbers score is sometimes operatic in style but maintains the form and structure of a musical throughout. The full-fledged operatic passages are reserved principally for subsidiary characters such as Andre and Firmin, Carlotta, and Piangi. They are also used to provide the content of the operas that are taking place within the show itself, viz. Hannibal, Il Muto. Here, Lloyd Webber pastiched various styles from the operas of Meyerbeer through to Mozart and even Gilbert. These pieces are presented as musical fragments, interrupted by dialogue or action sequences in order to clearly define the musicals show within a show format. Maria Björnson designed the sets and over 200 costumes, including the elaborate gowns in the Masquerade sequence and her set designs, including the chandelier, subterranean gondola, and sweeping staircase, earned her multiple awards. A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton in 1985, starring Colm Wilkinson as the Phantom, Sarah Brightman as Kristin, and Clive Carter as Raoul
27.
Ed Mirvish Theatre
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The Ed Mirvish Theatre is a historic film and play theatre in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The theatre was first opened in 1920 and is located near Yonge-Dundas Square, the Pantages Theatre opened in 1920 as a combination vaudeville and motion picture house. Designed by the theatre architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was the largest cinema in Canada, while Famous Players retained ownership, management and booking were turned over to the Pantages organization, one of the largest vaudeville and motion picture theatre circuits in North America. The Pantages circuit had its beginnings in Canada, in the Yukon, pericles Alexander Pantages had been a sailor on a Greek merchant ship who left the sea in search of riches during the great 1897 Klondike Gold Rush. Although he found no gold, he became owner of a small theatre in Dawson City – the Orpheum – that staged vaudeville. In 1929 Alexander Pantages was convicted of the rape of a 17-year-old chorus girl, although the conviction was overturned on appeal, the scandal and the legal costs ruined Pantages. To the public, he had got away with it thanks to a clever lawyer, in 1930, he was forced to sell his theatres at a loss, most of his assets were bought up by to RKO Pictures. With the collapse of the Pantages circuit, the Pantages name came off the marquees of almost all the theatres, in 1930 the Toronto Pantages was renamed the Imperial, and became exclusively a cinema – no more live vaudeville. Management and control were taken over by Famous Players, which retained ownership for more than 50 years, in 1972, the Imperial closed after a 9-month run of The Godfather, and was divided into six separate cinemas by Toronto architect Mandel Sprachman. The Yonge façade was replaced with a front with out canopy. It was officially reopened by Mayor David Crombie in 1973 as the Imperial Six, Cinema 1 was built forward from the balcony edge toward the top half of the stage proscenium arch. Cinema 2 was located on the original balcony, Cinemas 5 and 6 were the original main floor seating divided in half by a partition wall. The TV screens were replaced by poster cases due to visibility problems with sunlight washing out the TV screens. The Imperial Six was a big money-maker for Famous Players throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, playing all the big releases including all the James Bond and Rocky releases. It had the manager, Philip A. Traynor, from well before it closed for renovations in 1972. Traynor moved to the Plaza Cinemas and subsequently retired from Famous Players following the closing of the Imperial Six, the Imperial Six sat on three separate lots. When the lease expired with no agreement in place, the owner announced her intention to approach Famous Players rival cinema chain, the representatives for Famous Players Development suggested that Cineplex Odeon would have no use for half a theatre. However, Garth Drabinsky, flew to Michigan the same day that his company was contacted by the owners lawyers, temporary walls were erected to keep Famous Players out of Cineplex Odeons space
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Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
29.
John F. Ross Collegiate Vocational Institute
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John F. Ross Collegiate Vocational Institute is a grades 9–12 public secondary school in Guelph, Ontario, Canada and is part of the Upper Grand District School Board. Guelphs largest high school was originally named John F. Ross Vocational School, in honour of John Francis Ross, a highly respected Guelph educator and principal. The school opened its doors in 1956 to 460 students with 25 teachers and Lorne Fox as its principal and it celebrated its 50th anniversary with a reunion in May 2006. John F. Ross is well known for its excellent and diverse academic programs and it is the only high school in the Upper Grand District School Board that offers French Immersion and English as Second Language program. In addition, Ross offers programs in technology, drama, music, art, science, social sciences, as part of its standard classes, the school also offers special education classes for exceptional students. It has excellent teachers as well as administrators, Ross also has a strong, co-operative learning program in which local employers are matched with students for on-the-job training. Students also have opportunities to learn outside of the school. For example, the Music and Geography departments offer a field trip to a major city or destination each spring. Annual March Break trips are offered to students as well, recent trips offered include China in 2011, Eastern Europe in 2011, Africa, Greece and Turkey in 2012, France in 2013, and Italy, Switzerland and Austria in March 2014. The school has the largest population of any school in the Upper Grand District School Board and this is due to its proximity to the downtown core as well as drawing in many students from the surrounding rural areas including nearby towns such as Rockwood. The school always had an athletic rivalry with the Centennial Spartans. John F. Ross is mostly noted for its overall athleticism, but in 2006, in 2007, the boys hockey team, won the OFSAA Championship in Whitby, Ontario. In the fall of 2009 the Royals upset the Guelph Collegiate Gaels in District 10 football action to win city championship 13-7, their first title, the Ross football team gone 0-15 in the regular season of 2010 before losing to the Centennial Spartans at home in the D10 Quarter-Finals. In the 2011 season, the Royals beat the Lourdes Crusaders and they birthed their third straight losing season with a 33-7 loss to the Our Lady of Lourdes Crusader in front of silent home crowd. Rosss Junior Boys basketball team lost the 2011 District 10 City Championship to Orangeville Bears in an affair, before advanced to CWOSSA. The Senior Boys Basketball team lost in the District 10 quarter-final game in dramatic fashion of Orangeville Bears and they did, however, advance to CWOSSA and the Final before losing to St. Marys of Kitchener. They did advance to OFSAA with second-place finish. L, Fox Stage Crew Yearbook Multicultural Festival Each spring, up to four families of mallard ducks fly to the school, where they have a safe environment to raise their young. Eventually, the schools Environment Club relocates the ducks and ducklings to nearby wildlife preserves, the school looks after the birds surroundings
30.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
31.
Coca-Cola
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Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company. The drinks name refers to two of its ingredients, which were kola nuts and coca leaves. The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a secret, although a variety of reported recipes. The Coca-Cola Company produces concentrate, which is sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water. A typical 12-US-fluid-ounce can contains 38 grams of sugar, the bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores, restaurants and vending machines throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants, the Coca-Cola Company has on occasion introduced other cola drinks under the Coke name. Based on Interbrands best global brand study of 2015, Coca-Cola was the third most valuable brand. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries worldwide, confederate Colonel John Pemberton, who was wounded in the American Civil War and became addicted to morphine, began a quest to find a substitute for the problematic drug. The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was formulated at Pembertons Eagle Drug and Chemical House and he may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a French coca wine. It is also worth noting that a Spanish drink called Kola Coca was presented at a contest in Philadelphia in 1885, the patent for this Spanish drink was bought by Coca-Cola in 1953. In 1885, Pemberton registered his French Wine Coca nerve tonic, in 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a nonalcoholic version of French Wine Coca. The first sales were at Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the year in the Atlanta Journal. By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on the market, a co-partnership had been formed on January 14,1888 between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen, J. C. Mayfield, A. O. Not codified by any signed document, a statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pembertons company as early as 1887. John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Cola belonged to his son, Charley, Charleys exclusive control over the Coca Cola name became a continual thorn in Asa Candlers side. Candlers oldest son, Charles Howard Candler, authored a book in 1950 published by Emory University, in this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states
32.
Bryan Adams
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Bryan Guy Adams, OC OBC is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, photographer, philanthropist and activist. Adams also had the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Heaven, Adams has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. In 2008, Adams was ranked 38th on the list of All-Time top artists in the Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts. Bryan Guy Adams was born in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, to British parents, Elizabeth Jane and Captain Conrad J. Adams, Adams travelled with his parents to diplomatic postings in Portugal and Vienna, Austria, during the 1960s, and to Israel during the early 1970s. Adams has a brother, Bruce. Before that at age 15–16 he fronted various pub bands like Sweeney Todd that released If Wishes Were Horses and was seen sitting in with other cover bands. He and his guitarist Keith Scott met during those club years, in 1978, at 18, Adams met Jim Vallance through a mutual friend in a Vancouver music store. Vallance was the drummer and principal songwriter for Vancouver-based rock band Prism and had recently quit that band to focus on a career as a studio musician. They agreed to meet at Vallances home studio a few days later, later in 1978, Adams signed to A&M records for one dollar. Some of the first demos written in 1978 have surfaced over the years, most notably Im Ready and Remember, both songs were covered by other artists even before his first album was released. Also recorded during time was the disco song Let Me Take You Dancing featuring Adamss vocal sped up to meet the 122BPM dance tempo. The song made the Canadian RPM chart in March 1979 along with its B-Side Dont Turn Me Away, straight From The Heart was also written during this period. The song was recorded for Adamss third album Cuts Like A Knife in 1983 and released as a single. Adamss self-titled debut album was released in February 1980, and marked the beginning of what was to become a long songwriting partnership between Adams and co-writer Jim Vallance. With the exception of Remember and Wastin Time, most of the album was recorded from 29 October up until 29 November 1979 at Manta Studios and co-produced by Adams, the album was certified gold in Canada in 1986. Adamss second album, You Want It You Got It, was recorded in two weeks and it marked Adamss first album co-produced by Bob Clearmountain. It was released in 1981 and contained the FM radio hit Lonely Nights, Adams also co-wrote songs for other artists during this time including Billboard charted songs like No Way to Treat a Lady for Bonnie Raitt and Dont Let Him Know for Prism. Cuts Like a Knife, which was released in January 1983, was Adamss breakout album due mainly to the lead singles, straight from the Heart was the most successful song, reaching number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100
33.
The Kids in the Hall
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The Kids in the Hall is a Canadian sketch comedy group formed in 1984, consisting of comedians Dave Foley, Kevin McDonald, Bruce McCulloch, Mark McKinney, and Scott Thompson. Their eponymous television show ran from 1989 to 1995 on CBC in Canada, and CBS, HBO, the theme song for the show was the instrumental Having an Average Weekend by the Canadian band Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet. The troupe made one film, Brain Candy, which was released in 1996, the troupe reformed for various tours and comedy festivals in 2000. They later reunited for a miniseries, Death Comes to Town in January 2010. Before the troupe formed, Bruce McCulloch and Mark McKinney were working together doing Theatresports in Calgary, norm Hiscock, Gary Campbell, and Frank Van Keeken were co-members and later became writers on the show. At the same time, Dave Foley and Kevin McDonald were performing around Toronto as The Kids in the Hall. In 1984, the two met in Toronto, and began performing regularly as KITH, with a rotating band of members. When Scott Thompson was invited to join in January 1985, the group had its final form, the same year, McCulloch and Foley appeared in the Anne of Green Gables series, as Diana Barrys husband and a former classmate of Annes from the fictional Queens College, respectively. After SNLs Lorne Michaels saw them perform as a troupe, plans began for a TV show, the series first debuted as a one-hour pilot special which aired on HBO and CBC Television in 1988, and began airing as a regular weekly series on both services in 1989. The regular series premiered July 21,1989 on HBO, in the U. S. the first three seasons were on HBO before it moved to CBS in 1993, where it stayed for two more seasons airing late Friday nights. CBC aired the show for the duration of its run. A recurring character was Mr. Tyzik, played by McKinney, McKinney also played Chicken Lady, a shrill-voiced sexually excitable human-chicken hybrid. Many of the sketches featured gay characters and themes, most of these sketches were written by and starred Scott Thompson, the Kids frequently appeared as themselves rather than as characters, and some sketches dealt directly with the fact that they were a comedy troupe producing a TV show. For example, Kevin McDonald announces that if the sketch is not successful. In another episode, Thompson declares that he isnt gay anymore, in yet another sketch McDonald complains the setup is cliché and his character one-dimensional. Monologues were a staple of the show, Scott Thompsons Buddy Cole monologues are the best known, but the other Kids performed solo pieces as well. McCulloch in particular performed monologues that consisted of him, acting as himself, telling stories of the struggles. The show originated in Canada, and the content was at times edited slightly for U. S. broadcast tastes, sketches mocking religion were sometimes cut down or removed, necessitating the addition of material from other episodes to round out the half-hour
34.
Are You Afraid of the Dark?
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Are You Afraid of the Dark. is a Canadian horror fantasy-themed anthology television series. The original series was created by D. J, macHale and Ned Kandel, and was picked up by Nickelodeon in 1991. The series premiered with the episode The Tale of the Twisted Claw as a pilot on Halloween 1990 on the Canadian television network YTV, the show then premiered on Nickelodeons SNICK on August 15,1992 and aired until April 20,1996. The show was both a critical and commercial success, garnering numerous awards as the series progressed, a revival series with new directors, writers, and cast was produced by Nickelodeon from 1999 to 2000 and also aired on SNICK. Both series of Are You Afraid of the Dark, revolved around a group of teenagers who referred to themselves as The Midnight Society. Every week, at a location in the woods, one member would tell a scary story to the group. The actual story, rather than the telling, was displayed to the television viewer, the story was shown between the groups arrival at the site and their departure. Each storyteller would begin his story by saying Submitted for the approval of the Midnight Society, at which point he or she would toss a handful of midnight dust from a leather pouch into a campfire to heighten the flames and produce an eerie white smoke. The storyteller would continue by announcing its title, usually, the episodes were either filmed in the woods, in abandoned houses, or in public places like schools or libraries. Sources of these vary in different ways, many were adaptations of public domain fairy tales. For example, the episode The Tale of the Twisted Claw is an adaptation of W. W. Jacobs legendary short story The Monkeys Paw, sometimes, the stories were inspired by a certain event in the life of the storyteller. In the episode The Tale of the Crimson Clown, for instance, Tucker blackmailed his brother Gary with a poem he had found, Gary then told a story in which a naughty younger brother was punished cruelly for his evil deeds. At the end of the episode, Tucker gave the poem back to his brother, many of the horror stories on Are You Afraid of the Dark. Ended with an ending, for example, in the episode The Tale of the Lonely Ghost. Nearly every story focused on ending with a resolution and the main characters safe escape from whatever trouble had come upon them, however, the occasional episode would deviate from this formula, usually ending with the demise of the character. In one notable case, The Tale of the Dark Music, arguably the darkest example is found in The Tale of the Pinball Wizard, where the protagonist finds himself trapped in a giant, lethal pinball game, and believes he must complete the game to escape. He is nearly killed several times, and after he manages to win. Sometimes, the story would be related to an event and this would cause either Gary or Tucker to hurriedly dump the water on the fire, and the Midnight Society would run off to wherever they go after meetings, most likely back to their homes
35.
Kung Fu: The Legend Continues
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This series aired in syndication for four seasons, from January 27,1993 to January 1,1997, and was broadcast in over 70 countries. Filming took place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, reruns of the show have been aired on TNT. The show was canceled when its producer, Prime Time Entertainment Network, ceased operations, like his grandfather and namesake from the original TV series, Kwai Chang Caine is a Shaolin priest who walked out of the past. The series begins when Caine comes to fictional Sloanville and ends up in a Chinatown section, where Peters precinct is, david Carradine - Kwai Chang Caine, Matthew Caine Chris Potter - Det. Peter Caine Kim Chan - Lo Si / Ping Hai Robert Lansing - Capt. Paul Blaisdell Kate Trotter - Capt, karen Simms Scott Wentworth - Det. Kermit Griffin Nathaniel Moreau - Young Peter Caine Robert Bednarski - Younger Peter Caine Belinda Metz - Det, kira Blakemore Richard Anderson - Narrator Rob Moses - Master Khan Sandey Grinn - Thomas Jefferson T. J. Kincaid Kung Fu, The Legend Continues lasted four seasons with a total of 88 episodes, the pilot episode, Initiation, was presented as a two-parter. It established the characters and introduced many of the concepts that are seen throughout the series. As with the rest of the series, much of the storytelling was done through flashbacks, season 2 was released on August 18,2015. com Kung Fu, The Legend Continues Online FAQ
36.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
37.
Scream (1996 film)
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Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven. The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore. The film combined black comedy and whodunit mystery with the violence of the genre to satirize the clichés of the horror genre popularized in films such as Halloween. The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films, based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper, Scream was inspired by Williamsons passion for horror films, especially Halloween. The script, originally titled Scary Movie, was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete, the production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location. The film went on to financial and critical acclaim, earning $173 million worldwide and it received several awards and award nominations. The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed, and was cited as of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years and it has since earned cult status. Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors and these sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success, as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant. Screams success spawned a series of sequels, though only Scream 2, released in 1997, in the years following the release of Scream, the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders. High school student Casey Becker receives a phone call from an unknown person, asking her. The situation quickly escalates as the caller turns sadistic and threatens her life and he reveals that her boyfriend Steve Orth is being held hostage. After Casey fails to answer a question correctly about horror films, when Casey refuses to cooperate with the caller, she is attacked and murdered by a masked killer. Her parents come home to find her hanging from a tree. The following day, the news media descend on the town, meanwhile, Sidney Prescott struggles with the impending first anniversary of her mothers murder by Cotton Weary. While waiting at home for her friend, Tatum Riley, Sidney receives a phone call. After she hangs up she is attacked by the killer, Sidneys boyfriend, Billy Loomis, arrives shortly after, but after he drops his cell phone, Sidney suspects him of making the call and flees. Billy is arrested and Sidney spends the night at Tatums house, Billy is released the next day. Suspicion has shifted to Sidneys father, Neil Prescott, as the calls have been traced to his phone, School is suspended in the wake of the murders
38.
Saturn Award
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The award was initially, and is still sometimes, loosely referred to as a Golden Scroll. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and are the oldest Award ceremony dedicated to science fiction, fantasy. The physical award is a representation of the planet Saturn, with its ring composed of film, the Saturn Awards are voted upon by members of the presenting Academy. The Academy is a organization with membership open to the public. Its members include filmmakers Jeff Rector, Rich Correll, Tom De Santo, Mark A. Altman and Irwin Keyes, among others. Although the Award still primarily focuses on films and television in the fiction, fantasy and horror categories. There are also awards for lifetime achievement in film production. The 42nd Saturn Awards were held on June 22,2016, in Burbank, the Saturn Awards are often criticized for having a broad and inconsistent definition of genres, as well as for nominating and awarding movies not related to sci-fi, fantasy or horror. Hugo Award Scream Awards Official website Saturn Awards 2009 at FEARnet Saturn Award at the Internet Movie Database
39.
Scream 2
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Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jamie Kennedy, Laurie Metcalf, Jerry OConnell, Jada Pinkett, the film was released on December 12,1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series. Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks, retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley, like its predecessor, Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and whodunit mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels. The film was followed by two sequels, Scream 3 and Scream 4, Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet, combined with the films rushed schedule, the script was rewritten often, pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming. Despite these issues, Scream 2 earned $172 million, received several awards, the film also received positive reviews, with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality. Elfmans contribution had been written for the film, but Zimmers score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film. The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success, phil is stabbed through the ear in a bathroom stall while trying to eavesdrop on strange whimpering noises. The killer, wearing a Ghostface costume, then returns to the screening, at first the audience believes she is part of the raucous acting out by audience members until she falls dead in front of the cinema screen. Sidney receives prank calls but is oblivious to the recent killings until someone instructs her to watch the news, two other Woodsboro survivors arrive at the campus, officer Dewey Riley to help Sidney, and reporter Gale Weathers to cover the case. Gale tries to stage a confrontation between Sidney and Cotton Weary, who is attempting to gain fame from his exoneration for the murder of Sidneys mother, after Gale forcibly confronts Sidney with Cotton, Sidney angrily hits Gale. Later that evening, Sidney goes to a party with Hallie, at a sorority house, Ghostface kills fellow student Cici. After all the leave, the killer then crashes the party and attempts to murder Sidney. The killer injures Derek but Dewey and the police arrive, causing the killer to flee, the next morning, Gale discusses the case with the police. Upon realizing that Cicis real name is Casey, she concludes that the killer is a copycat who targets students who share the names as the Woodsboro murder victims. That afternoon, while Gale is talking to Dewey and Randy on the campus lawn and they search for him, but Randy, who tries to keep the killer on the phone, is dragged into Gales broadcast van and is stabbed to death by Ghostface. As night falls, Dewey and Gale review the tape of Ghostface killing Randy hoping to some clues but the killer attacks them. In the wake of the murders, as two officers drive Sidney and Hallie to a local police station, the killer ambushes them
40.
Scream 3
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Scream 3 is a 2000 American slasher film and the third installment in the Scream franchise. It was released on February 4,2000, the film was the concluding chapter of the Scream series until the franchise was revived in 2011 with a sequel, Scream 4. Scream screenwriter Kevin Williamson provided an outline for two sequels to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. Williamsons commitments to other projects meant he was unable to develop a script for Scream 3, so writing duties were undertaken by Ehren Kruger. Craven and Marco Beltrami returned to direct and score the film, respectively, production was troubled with script rewrites, occasions when pages were only ready on the day of filming, and scheduling difficulties with the main cast. Despite criticism, the film received praise from reviewers, who called it the perfect end to the Scream trilogy. As of 2012, the film was the third highest-grossing slasher-film in North America, following Scream at number 1, the films soundtrack was well-received, it spent 14 weeks on the Billboard 200 and reached a high of No.32. Cotton refuses to cooperate, and when Ghostface comes to his home, using a voice changer as a ruse, Ghostface kills Stab 3 actress Sarah Darling. Meanwhile, Sidney is now living in a rural house as a crisis counselor for an abused womens hotline. Having discovered Sidneys number, the killer begins taunting her by phone, Dewey, Gale, Jennifer, and the remaining Stab 3 actors, Angelina Tyler and Tyson Fox, attend a birthday party for Stab 3s director Roman Bridger, where Ghostface strikes. Gale discovers Romans seemingly dead body, with a knife in his chest, Angelina, refusing to stick with Gale and Jennifer, wanders off alone before she is murdered. Tyson attempts to fight Ghostface but the killer manages to wound him, then after a brief chase, Ghostface throws Tyson over the balcony, killing him. Jennifer tries to escape through a passage, but Ghostface finds her. The killer then orders Sidney to the mansion to save Gale and Deweys lives, when she arrives, Ghostface forces Sidney to remove her firearm, which she does, and Ghostface lures her inside, as Gale and Dewey are bound and gagged. As Sidney is untying Gale and Dewey, Ghostface appears, though Sidney gains the hand using a second hidden gun to fight off Ghostface. Detective Kincaid shows up but is knocked out by Ghostface, Sidney flees and hides in a secret screening room where she encounters Ghostface. Years ago, he had unsuccessfully tried reuniting with her, bitter over the rejection, Roman would film all the men she philandered with. He showed Billy Loomis the footage of his father with Maureen, however, when he discovered how much fame Sidney got because of those events, Roman snapped and lured Sidney out of hiding
41.
Scream 4
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Scream 4 is a 2011 American slasher film and the fourth and final installment in the Scream series. The plot involves Sidney Prescott returning to Woodsboro after ten years, as soon as she arrives, Ghostface once again begins killing students from Woodsboro High. Originally, the series was intended to be a trilogy, filming took place in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan, in June 2010 to September 2010, with re-shoots in early 2011. Scream 4 was released on April 15,2011 and grossed $97 million against its $40 million budget and it received mixed reviews from critics although many noted it as an improvement over Scream 3. On the fifteenth anniversary of the original Woodsboro murders, high school students Jenny Randall and Marnie Cooper are attacked, the following day, Sidney Prescott returns to Woodsboro to promote her new book, Out of Darkness, with her publicist Rebecca Walters. After evidence is found in Sidneys rental car, Sidney becomes a suspect in the murders, Sidneys teenage cousin Jill, who is dealing with the betrayal of her ex-boyfriend, Trevor Sheldon, gets a threatening phone call from Ghostface. She and her friends Olivia Morris and Kirby Reed, are questioned about their calls by Dewey Riley, meanwhile, Deweys wife, Gale Weathers-Riley, is struggling with writers block. She gives up the writing and decides to investigate the murder instead, Sidney stays with her aunt Kate Roberts. Later that night, Olivia, who lives next door to Jill, is attacked and killed by Ghostface as Jill, Sidney and Jill rush in to save Olivia, but the killer injures them and gets away. Sidney and Jill are taken to the hospital, later, in the hospitals parking garage, Ghostface murders Rebecca. Gale, trying to solve the murders, enlists the help of two high school movie fanatics Charlie Walker and Robbie Mercer, who explain that the killer is using the rules of movie remakes to murder. Charlie concludes that the killer will strike at a party being held that night. Gale goes to the party to investigate, Ghostface attacks and stabs her but flees when Dewey arrives. Dewey takes her to the hospital, at Jills house, Sidney discovers that the policemen assigned to guard the house are dead. She also discovers that Jill has left the house and gone to Kirbys, Sidney goes down to tell Kate, but the killer appears and chases her and Kate. In the ensuing attempt to keep Ghostface from entering the house, after Deputy Judy Hicks arrives, Sidney rushes to Kirbys house to save Jill on her own. Jill, Kirby, Charlie, Robbie, and Trevor are at Kirbys house when Ghostface appears and stabs, Kirby is forced to answer horror movie trivia to save Charlie, who is tied up outside. Sidney goes upstairs to find Jill, promising to return to Kirby, after Kirby answers Ghostfaces questions, she goes outside to untie Charlie, believing that she has won the game
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MTV Movie & TV Awards
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The MTV Movie & TV Awards is a film and television awards show presented annually on MTV. The nominees are decided by producers and executives at MTV, winners are decided online by the general public. Presently voting is done through MTVs official website through a special Movie Awards link at movieawards. mtv. com, the most recent award show took place on April 9,2016. Winners are presented with the golden statue, made by New York firm. Unlike its sister event MTV Video Music Awards, the MTV Movie Awards were taped, the entire production was taped in a completely different order than what the MTV viewing audience saw. For example, the shows host would tape all his/her monologues and introductions at one time, celebrities would often only appear at the live taping for the announcement of their award category, and members of the general audience fill their vacant seats during the other times. Through editing, MTV was able to present to its audience a awards show which appears to be taped in live sequence. This method of production allowed profanity to be edited from the show, the actual live taping aired same-day on pay-per-view channels in most metropolitan cities around the world. Some awards telecasts had also shown in television syndication. However, in 2007, this changed, as MTV and Survivor producer Mark Burnett announced that the 2007 edition would be broadcast live on MTV for the first time on June 3,2007 in Los Angeles. The 2016 broadcast was the first show since 2006 not to air live as the event was taped on April 9,2016 before airing on Viacoms MTV networks the following day on April 10. Since 2007, polls for several awards were voted by users on MTVs official website. Prior to announcing the winner MTV would air testimonials from major Hollywood celebrities praising the winners greatness while only offering a slight tease as to who the winner was, following Clint Howards win and emotional reaction the award was discontinued. The MTV Generation Award is the successor to the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award, the recipient of the award is celebrated for great achievement in movies. The distinction is given to an artist who has shown us a variety of roles, a personal and professional flair and of course. 2016, Will Smith The Silver Bucket of Excellence is an award that was given to a film that has made lasting impact on moviegoers and it was further defined in 2006 as honoring a film of the past that resonates with even more meaning today. The award is given to an actor of young age that managed to inspire others with a portfolio of work. Emma Stone was awarded the first MTV Trailblazer Award on 2012,2013, Will Ferrell 2015, Kevin Hart 2016, Melissa McCarthy Since 1993, scenes are spoofed, mostly from that years most popular films, although television shows and older movies have also been chosen
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Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
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American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
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54 (film)
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54 is a 1998 American drama film written and directed by Mark Christopher, about Studio 54, a world-famous New York City disco club, the main setting of the film. It stars Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Neve Campbell and Mike Myers as Steve Rubell, prior to its release in 1998, the film was extensively reshot and recut, and released to poor critical acclaim but respectable box office. In 2008, a version of the directors cut was screened at Outfest leading to interest for its release. Shane OShea is a young Jersey man, handsome enough to become a bartender at Studio 54, there he befriends aspiring singer Anita and her husband, Greg Randazzo. Shane gets sucked into the scene at Studio 54, as his life spirals downward. He had spent five years researching the club and the period while working on a screenplay. Miramax purchased a screenplay in 1995 and developed the script with the filmmaker for over a year. Christopher shot the film in Toronto over two months in the fall of 1997, during the production, a Miramax executive was often present on the set and studio head Harvey Weinstein flew up from New York to give his approval. In the 1998 version, expectations were high with the hopes that the film would become a big summer hit, Christopher finished his cut of the film and the studio scheduled the films release for July of the following year. After initial positive reactions within the company, early test screenings for the cut of the film disappointed the studio. Audiences found the characters unlikable and reacted negatively to a kiss between Shane and Greg and they also did not respond well to the happy ending for both of them and Anita. Miramax requested cuts be made and Christopher initially refused, Christopher reshot parts of his movie at the behest of the studio, with only two months until its theatrical release. These edits removed the love triangle subplot between the three characters, much of the cast was called back for two weeks of additional filming in New York without being told what they would be shooting. Meyer, for example, found out that his part in the film had been cut down to a stereotypical best-friend role. The kiss between Greg and Shane was replaced with a conversation, ultimately,45 minutes of the original film were deleted and replaced with 25 minutes of new scenes and voice-over. Miramax finally gave the cut the green light in 2014. With its original story, characters, tone and themes restored and it was given limited theatrical runs internationally and was released on Blu-ray in May 2016. 54 opened at #4 in its opening weekend with $6,611,532 behind Blade, Theres Something About Mary, the studio cut of the film received almost universally poor reviews and was a box office disappointment, grossing $16 million on an estimated budget of $13 million
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